CN109526279B - 一种松土装置 - Google Patents

一种松土装置 Download PDF

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CN109526279B
CN109526279B CN201811407226.8A CN201811407226A CN109526279B CN 109526279 B CN109526279 B CN 109526279B CN 201811407226 A CN201811407226 A CN 201811407226A CN 109526279 B CN109526279 B CN 109526279B
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阚振国
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Shenzhen Runxing Intellectual Property Service Co ltd
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B49/00Combined machines
    • A01B49/02Combined machines with two or more soil-working tools of different kind
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B35/00Other machines for working soil not specially adapted for working soil on which crops are growing
    • A01B35/02Other machines for working soil not specially adapted for working soil on which crops are growing with non-rotating tools
    • A01B35/04Other machines for working soil not specially adapted for working soil on which crops are growing with non-rotating tools drawn by animal or tractor or man-power
    • A01B35/08Other machines for working soil not specially adapted for working soil on which crops are growing with non-rotating tools drawn by animal or tractor or man-power with rigid tools
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B35/00Other machines for working soil not specially adapted for working soil on which crops are growing
    • A01B35/20Tools; Details

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Abstract

本发明属于现代农业机械领域,具体涉及一种松土装置,其包括支座,横梁,犁柱,犁耙,光电传感器,控制部根据光电传感器得到的农具牵引机车轮上花纹的宽度和相邻两个花纹之间的间隔,判断当前车轮下方与土壤接触区域是否存在花纹,控制电机带动耙齿沿轨道移动,使耙齿能够疏松不同深度的土壤;本发明根据车轮下方与土壤接触区域的凹陷情况,控制电机带动耙齿沿轨道移动,使耙齿在土中的深度改变,耙齿能够疏松不同深度的被压实的土壤。

Description

一种松土装置
技术领域
本发明属于现代农业机械领域,特别涉及一种松土装置。
背景技术
重型农业机械如牵引单元、喷洒机、联合收割机等工作时,通常会在土壤内形成轮胎印,使得在将来耕作操作时,沿轮胎印迹耕作土壤更加困难,现有松土执行部进入土中的深度不易改变,例如法国格兰集团朗德热努松公司的发明专利带状耕作系统(参考专利文献CN105188339B),中国农业科学院草原研究所的实用新型专利一种除辙机构及苜蓿草播种机(参考专利文献CN205546442U),河北阔海农业机械有限公司的实用新型专利一种牵引车压痕松土装置(参考专利文献CN205681780U)。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种松土装置,其能够根据农具牵引机车胎表面人字形花纹的分布,动态地调整犁耙在土中前进的深度,使犁耙能更好的处理不同深度的被压实的土壤。
其包括松土执行部,数据检测部和控制部,
所述松土执行部包括支座、横梁、多个犁柱、多个固定犁刀以及多个犁耙,其中:
所述支座的一端与农具牵引机相连接,另一端固定有横梁;
所述多个犁柱等间距地排列在横梁上,位于横梁中部的犁柱下方安装有多个固定犁刀;
所述多个犁耙固定在横梁左右两侧与农具牵引机车胎所对应的犁柱下方,其包括:
销套,其固定在犁柱下方,侧面开有滑轨;
耙齿,其安装在销套内,与滑轨相连接,位于支座上的电机带动耙齿沿滑轨上下移动,耙齿在土中的深度与其沿滑轨下移距离成正比;
松土执行部通过支座与农具牵引机连接,当农具牵引机前进时,松土执行部中的固定犁刀对土壤进行疏松,犁耙对被农具牵引机的车胎所压实的土壤进行疏松;
所述数据检测部包括:
土壤湿度传感器,其安装在耙齿的底部,用于测量土壤当前的含水量;
光电传感器,其安装在犁柱上,且与农具牵引机车胎的圆心处于同一水平面内,其用于测量车胎表面的人字形花纹的宽度,以及相邻两个人字形花纹之间的间隔;
所述控制部与光电传感器、土壤湿度传感器、电机信号连接,且被配置为:
根据光电传感器得到的车胎表面人字形花纹的宽度和相邻两个人字形花纹之间的间隔,判断当前车轮下方与土壤的接触区域是否存在人字形花纹;
当所述接触区域不存在人字形花纹,表明车轮下方被压实的土壤区域为非凹陷区域,则控制电机带动耙齿沿轨道上移,使耙齿在土中前进的深度减小,在保持松土效果的同时减小耙齿所受到的土壤的阻力;
当所述接触区域存在人字形花纹,表明车轮下方被压实的土壤区域还存在更深的人字形的凹陷区域,耙齿当前的工作深度无法应对该凹陷区域中被压实的土壤,则控制电机带动耙齿沿轨道下移至轨道末段,使耙齿在土中前进的深度增加;
当土壤湿度传感器测得的土壤含水量大于规定值,耙齿在疏松土壤时表面容易沾上泥土,使耙齿运行时的阻力增大,则在所述接触区域不存在人形花纹时,控制电机带动耙齿沿滑轨向上移动后再将耙齿沿滑轨下移,通过销套刮去耙齿表面沾有的泥巴。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明根据车轮下方与土壤接触区域的凹陷情况,控制电机带动耙齿沿轨道移动,使耙齿在土中的深度改变,耙齿能够疏松不同深度的被压实的土壤,从而使装置能更好的疏松被车轮压实的土壤。
附图说明
图1示出了装置简图;
图2示出了装置组成框图。
具体实施方式
下面参照附图,详细描述本系统的结构以及所实现的功能。
一种松土装置,其包括松土执行部1,数据检测部2和控制部3;
松土执行部1包括支座11,横梁12,多个犁柱13,多个固定犁刀14,多个犁耙15,其中:
支座11,其一端与农具牵引机相连接,另一端固定有横梁12;
多个犁柱13等间距的排列在横梁12上,位于横梁中部的犁柱13下方安装有多个固定犁刀14;
多个犁耙15,其固定在横梁左右两侧与农具牵引机车胎所对应的犁柱13下方,包括:
销套151,其固定在犁柱13下方,侧面开有滑轨;
耙齿152,其安装在销套151内,与滑轨相连接,位于支座11上的电机153带动耙齿沿滑轨上下移动,耙齿152在土中的深度与其沿滑轨下移程度成正比;
松土执行部1通过支座11与农具牵引机连接,当农具牵引机前进时,耙齿152进入土壤当中,疏松被农具牵引机车轮所压实的土壤;
数据检测部2包括:
土壤湿度传感器21,其安装耙齿152底部,用于测量土壤当前的湿度值;
光电传感器22,其安装在犁柱13上,安装位置与农具牵引机车胎的圆心处于同一水平面内,通过测量激光达到农具牵引机车胎上的时间的不同从而得到车胎表面人字形花纹本身的宽度和相邻两个人字形花纹之间的间隔;
控制部3与光电传感器22,土壤湿度传感器21、电机153信号连接,且配置为:
控制部3根据光电传感器22得到的农具牵引机车轮表面人字形花纹本身的宽度和相邻两个人字形花纹之间的间隔,判断当前车轮下方与土壤接触区域是否存在人字形花纹:
当车轮下方与土壤接触区域不存在人字形花纹,表明车轮下方被压实的土壤区域为非凹陷区域,耙齿152当前的工作深度过大,耙齿152疏松非凹陷区域土壤时会受到额外阻力,控制部3控制电机153带动耙齿152沿轨道上移,使耙齿152在土中前进的深度减小,以使耙齿152在能够疏松被车轮上无花纹区域压实的土壤的同时减小耙齿152所受到的阻力;
当车轮下方与土壤接触区域存在人字形花纹,表明车轮下方被压实的土壤区域为凹陷区域,耙齿152当前的工作深度无法疏松前方凹陷区域中被压实的土壤,控制部3控制电机153带动耙齿152沿轨道下移至轨道末段,使耙齿152在土中前进的深度增加,以使耙齿152能够疏松被车轮上的花纹压实形成的凹陷区域的土壤,使装置疏松土壤的效果更好;
当土壤湿度传感器21测得的土壤湿度值大于规定值,表明土壤的含水量过多,土壤黏性增大,耙齿152在疏松土壤时表面容易沾上泥土,使耙齿152运行时的阻力增大,疏松土壤效果变差;当控制部3根据光电传感器22判断出当前车轮下方与土壤接触区域不存在人形花纹时,控制部3控制电机153带动耙齿152沿滑轨向上移动后再将耙齿152沿滑轨下移,通过销套151刮去耙齿152表面沾有的泥巴后,以使耙齿152在湿度较大的条件下能正常疏松土壤。
本领域技术人员应该认识到,不背离正如一般性地描述的本发明的实质和范围,可以对各个特定的实施例中示出的发明进行各种各样的变化和/或修改。因此,从所有方面来讲,这里的实施例应该被认为是说明性的而并非限定性的。同样,本发明包括任何特征的组合,尤其是专利权利要求中的任何特征的组合,即使该特征或者特征的组合并未在专利权利要求或者这里的各个实施例中被明确地说明。

Claims (1)

1.一种松土装置,其适用于疏松被农具牵引机的车胎压实的土壤,其包括松土执行部,数据检测部和控制部,其特征在于,
所述松土执行部包括支座、横梁、多个犁柱、多个固定犁刀以及多个犁耙,其中:
所述支座的一端与农具牵引机相连接,另一端固定有横梁;
所述多个犁柱等间距地排列在横梁上,位于横梁中部的犁柱下方安装有多个固定犁刀;
所述多个犁耙固定在横梁上与农具牵引机车胎所对应的犁柱下方,其包括:
销套,其固定在犁柱下方,侧面开有滑轨;
耙齿,其安装在销套内,与滑轨相连接,位于支座上的电机带动耙齿沿滑轨上下移动,耙齿在土中的深度与其沿滑轨下移距离成正比;
松土执行部通过支座与农具牵引机连接,当农具牵引机前进时,松土执行部中的固定犁刀对土壤进行疏松,犁耙对被农具牵引机的车胎所压实的土壤进行疏松;
所述数据检测部包括:
土壤湿度传感器,其安装在耙齿的底部,用于测量土壤当前的含水量;
光电传感器,其安装在犁柱上,且与农具牵引机车胎的圆心处于同一水平面内,其用于测量车胎表面的人字形花纹的宽度,以及相邻两个人字形花纹之间的间隔;
所述控制部与光电传感器、土壤湿度传感器、电机信号连接,且被配置为:
根据光电传感器得到的车胎表面人字形花纹的宽度和相邻两个人字形花纹之间的间隔,判断当前车轮下方与土壤的接触区域是否存在人字形花纹;
当所述接触区域不存在人字形花纹,表明车轮下方被压实的土壤区域为非凹陷区域,则控制电机带动耙齿沿轨道上移,使耙齿在土中前进的深度减小,在保持松土效果的同时减小耙齿所受到的土壤的阻力;
当所述接触区域存在人字形花纹,表明车轮下方被压实的土壤区域还存在更深的人字形的凹陷区域,耙齿当前的工作深度无法应对该凹陷区域中被压实的土壤,则控制电机带动耙齿沿轨道下移至轨道末段,使耙齿在土中前进的深度增加;
当土壤湿度传感器测得的土壤含水量大于规定值,耙齿在疏松土壤时表面容易沾上泥土,使耙齿运行时的阻力增大,则在所述接触区域不存在人形花纹时,控制电机带动耙齿沿滑轨向上移动后再将耙齿沿滑轨下移,通过销套刮去耙齿表面沾有的泥巴。
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