CN109520365B - Thermal switch - Google Patents
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- CN109520365B CN109520365B CN201811592549.9A CN201811592549A CN109520365B CN 109520365 B CN109520365 B CN 109520365B CN 201811592549 A CN201811592549 A CN 201811592549A CN 109520365 B CN109520365 B CN 109520365B
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F27/00—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Thermally Actuated Switches (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of refrigeration and low temperature, and discloses a thermal switch, which comprises: the heat source device comprises a moving part, a fixing part, a telescopic part and a flexible heat conducting part, wherein the moving part is arranged towards the heat source, a cold source is arranged on the fixing part, the telescopic part is arranged between the moving part and the fixing part, two ends of the telescopic part are respectively connected with the moving part and the fixing part, the telescopic part and the moving part form a closed first cavity together, the flexible heat conducting part is further arranged in the first cavity, two ends of the flexible heat conducting part are respectively connected with the moving part and the fixing part, working medium which changes along with the temperature is filled in the first cavity, expansion or contraction occurs in the first cavity through the working medium, the telescopic part is promoted to stretch out and retract, the moving part and the fixing part are driven to perform relative motion through the stretching out and retracting of the telescopic part, and accordingly the moving part and the heat source are connected and disconnected. The thermal switch has the advantage of a large switching ratio.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of refrigeration and low temperature, in particular to a thermal switch.
Background
Currently, thermal switches refer to devices that are capable of controlling the thermal contact or separation between two objects. In the field of refrigeration and cryogenic technology, many applications require that two components be capable of being thermally connected and thermally separated, respectively, under different operating conditions. For example, with the development of the spatial infrared detection technology, a longer service life and reliability are required for the mechanical refrigeration technology, and because of the irreparability of the spatial refrigerator, the spatial refrigerator needs to be backed up in the same system, and in order to reduce or eliminate the parasitic heat leakage of the backup refrigerator in a non-working state, the spatial refrigerator needs to be connected with a cooled device through a thermal switch, and the unidirectional transmission of the cold energy from the refrigerator to the cooled device is realized by utilizing the thermal switch. When the superconducting magnet is cooled at low temperature, a low-temperature refrigerator with a two-stage structure is generally adopted, the superconducting magnet is connected with the second-stage cold head, and the second-stage cold head is small in cooling capacity and low in efficiency, so that the magnet can be cooled from room temperature to the lowest temperature only by a long time, the first-stage cold head of the refrigerator is provided with larger cooling capacity, the first-stage cold head and the magnet can be connected through the thermal switch, when the temperature of the magnet is higher than that of the first-stage cold head, the magnet is precooled through the first-stage cold head, when the temperature of the magnet is lowered to the temperature below the first-stage cold head, the thermal switch is in an off state, and the magnet is continuously cooled through the second-stage cold head, so that the cooling time of the magnet can be greatly shortened.
The common thermal switches mainly comprise mechanical type, gas gap type, shape memory alloy type, micro expansion type, heat pipe type and other types of thermal switches. The mechanical thermal switch has lower reliability and requires external driving force; the gas gap type thermal switch realizes on-off by inflating and exhausting between the two heat conducting sheets, the temperature of the adsorption pump needs to be controlled by utilizing a heating and cooling device, the system is complex, the conduction thermal resistance for realizing communication by utilizing gas heat conduction is larger, and the response time of the thermal switch is greatly influenced by the exhausting speed; the shape memory alloy type thermal switch utilizes temperature change to cause shape change of the memory alloy, drives the cold and hot components to be connected or disconnected, has strict and symmetrical structural requirements, and has high requirements on processing precision; the micro-expansion type thermal switch utilizes different thermal expansion coefficients of different materials, realizes connection or disconnection after temperature change, has high processing precision requirement, is easy to generate cold welding during long-term closing operation, has poor reliability, and needs to have enough length to enable the different materials to directly form larger contraction and expansion differences, and cannot be made into a short structure; the heat pipe type heat switch utilizes the gas-liquid phase change of the working medium to conduct forward efficient heat transfer and reverse disconnection, the response time is long generally, the connection and disconnection temperature is limited by the three-phase temperature of the gas working medium, the heat pipe type heat switch can only be suitable for part of working temperature ranges, the advantage is obvious when the length of the heat pipe type heat switch is large, and the disconnection thermal resistance is small when the length is short.
Disclosure of Invention
First, the technical problem to be solved
The invention aims to provide a thermal switch, which at least solves one of the technical problems of small switching ratio, low reliability, high processing precision requirement and non-compact structure of the thermal switch in the prior art.
(II) technical scheme
In order to solve the above technical problem, according to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a thermal switch comprising: the heat source device comprises a moving part, a fixing part, a telescopic part and a flexible heat conducting part, wherein the moving part is arranged towards the heat source, a cold source is arranged on the fixing part, the telescopic part is arranged between the moving part and the fixing part, two ends of the telescopic part are respectively connected with the moving part and the fixing part, the telescopic part and the moving part and the fixing part jointly form a first cavity, the flexible heat conducting part is further arranged in the first cavity, two ends of the flexible heat conducting part are respectively connected with the moving part and the fixing part, a working medium which changes along with the temperature is filled in the first cavity, the working medium expands or contracts in the first cavity, the telescopic part is driven to stretch out and retract, the moving part and the fixing part are driven to move relatively, and meanwhile, the flexible heat conducting part stretches out and retracts along with the telescopic part, so that the moving part and the heat source are connected and disconnected.
Wherein the flexible heat conducting element comprises a flexible capillary structure.
The flexible capillary structure comprises at least one of a flexible bundle-shaped capillary structure, a net-shaped capillary structure, a slit-shaped capillary structure and a pore-shaped capillary structure.
The thermal switch further comprises a transition capillary structure, wherein the transition capillary structure is arranged between the flexible heat conducting piece and the moving piece, and/or the transition capillary structure is arranged between the flexible heat conducting piece and the fixing piece.
The transition capillary structure comprises at least one of a micro groove, a silk screen, a sintering felt, sintering powder and foam metal.
The thermal switch further comprises a second fixing piece arranged above the moving piece, the second fixing piece is connected with the fixing piece through a supporting piece, a heat source is arranged on the second fixing piece, and the moving piece stretches out and retracts towards the direction of the second fixing piece, so that the moving piece and the heat source are connected and disconnected.
The thermal switch further comprises a first extending piece arranged on the moving piece and a second extending piece arranged on the fixing piece, the flexible heat conducting piece is connected with the moving piece through the first extending piece, and/or the flexible heat conducting piece is connected with the fixing piece through the second extending piece.
The first extending piece and the second extending piece are in concave-convex fit, a second cavity is formed between the first extending piece and the second extending piece, and the second cavity is communicated with the first cavity through a communication hole arranged on the first extending piece and/or the second extending piece; or the communication hole communicates the second chamber with the outside.
Wherein the flexible heat conducting piece comprises a heat conducting rope, a heat conducting belt or a heat conducting sheet.
According to a second aspect of the present application, there is also provided a thermal switch comprising: the heat source is arranged on the fixing piece, the telescopic piece is arranged between the moving piece and the fixing piece, two ends of the telescopic piece are respectively connected with the moving piece and the fixing piece, the telescopic piece and the moving piece and the fixing piece form a first cavity jointly, working medium changing along with temperature is filled in the first cavity, the working medium is in a gas-liquid two-phase state in a working temperature area of the thermal switch, when the thermal switch works, the position of the cold source is higher than that of the heat source, so that liquid medium can flow from the cold source to the heat source under the action of gravity, gas-liquid phase transition of the working medium is generated to realize heat transfer between the moving piece and the fixing piece, the working medium is expanded or contracted in the first cavity to enable the telescopic piece to stretch out and retract, and the working medium is driven to move relative to the fixing piece through the stretching out and retracting of the telescopic piece, so that the thermal switch and the thermal switch can be switched on and off with the cold source.
(III) beneficial effects
Compared with the prior art, the thermal switch provided by the invention has the following advantages:
Through setting up moving part towards the heat source, set up the cold source on the mounting, then fill the working medium to first cavity in, utilize the expansion and the shrink of working medium to drive moving part and upwards move, the longitudinal displacement volume of this moving part is great, rely on the heat conduction effect of solid surface contact between moving part and the heat source to transfer heat when the thermal switch switches on, heat transfer stability is high, it is less to switch on heat transfer thermal resistance, when the thermal switch breaks off, the contact surface between moving part and the heat source thoroughly takes place the separation, the thermal resistance of breaking off is very big, thereby can make the thermal switch obtain very big on-off ratio.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of a thermal switch according to a first embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a thermal switch according to a second embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the insulating support structure of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of a thermal switch according to a third embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of a thermal switch according to a fourth embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the overall structure of a thermal switch according to a fifth embodiment of the present application.
In the figure, 1: a thermal switch; 11: a moving member; 111: a first extension; 12: a fixing member; 121: a second extension; 13: a telescoping member; 14: a first cavity; 15: a flexible heat conducting member; 151: a transitional capillary structure; 16: a support; 17: a second fixing member; 18: a second cavity; 181: a communication hole; 2: a heat source; 3: and a cold source.
Detailed Description
The following describes in further detail the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings and examples. The following examples are illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
It should be noted that, unless explicitly stated or limited otherwise, all references to the manner in which the directions are expressed are described with respect to the orientation of the arrangement presented by the current schematic.
As shown in fig. 1, the thermal switch is schematically shown to include a moving member 11, a fixed member 12, a telescoping member 13, and a flexible heat conducting member 15.
In the embodiment of the application, the moving part 11 is arranged towards the heat source 2, the cold source 3 is arranged on the fixed part 12, the telescopic part 13 is arranged between the moving part 11 and the fixed part 12, two ends of the telescopic part 13 are respectively connected with the moving part 11 and the fixed part 12, the telescopic part 13, the moving part 11 and the fixed part 12 form a closed first cavity 14 together, the first cavity 14 is internally provided with the flexible heat conducting part 15, two ends of the flexible heat conducting part 15 are respectively connected with the moving part 11 and the fixed part 12, the first cavity 14 is filled with a working medium which changes with the temperature, the working medium expands or contracts in the first cavity 14 to promote the telescopic part 13 to extend and retract, and the moving part 11 and the fixed part 12 are driven to move relatively through the extending and retracting of the telescopic part 13, and simultaneously, the flexible heat conducting part 15 extends and retracts along with the telescopic part 13, so that the moving part 11 and the heat source 2 are connected and disconnected.
Specifically, by arranging the moving member 11 towards the heat source 2, arranging the cold source 3 on the fixed member 12, then filling the working medium into the first cavity 14, and driving the moving member 11 to move upwards by utilizing expansion and contraction of the working medium, the longitudinal displacement of the moving member 11 is larger, the thermal switch 1 conducts heat by means of the heat conduction effect of solid surface contact between the moving member 11 and the heat source 2, the heat transfer stability is high, and the conduction heat transfer resistance is smaller. When the thermal switch 1 is turned off, the contact surface between the moving member 11 and the heat source 2 is thoroughly separated, and the off heat resistance is very large, so that a very large switching ratio of the thermal switch 1 can be obtained.
In addition, through addding this flexible heat conduction spare 15, moving part 11 and mounting 12 are connected through flexible heat conduction spare 15, and flexible heat conduction spare 15 sets up in the inside of extensible member 13, can take place flexible along the flexible direction of extensible member 13, simultaneously, remains moving part 11 and mounting 12 all the time and is in the state that the heat switches on, makes between moving part 11 and the mounting 12 can take place relative movement, can make the heat transfer between moving part 11 and mounting 12 again high-efficient. In addition, the flexible heat conducting member 15 can also extend the length of the thermal switch 1, so that the heat transfer arrangement can be performed even when the cold source 3 and the heat source 2 are far apart.
It should be noted that the length of the flexible heat conducting member 15 may be designed according to the length requirement of the thermal switch 1, and the flexible heat conducting member 15 is preferably made of a material with high heat conductivity, for example, a red copper material may be used to make a heat conducting cable, a heat conducting belt, a heat conducting sheet or other flexible heat conducting structures.
The movable member 11 may be disposed toward the heat sink 3, and the heat source 2 may be disposed on the fixed member 12.
The working medium filled in the first cavity 14 of the thermal switch 1 is in a gas state or a gas-liquid two-phase state in the working temperature zone, the gas type can be selected according to the specific working temperature zone requirement, for example, helium, neon, nitrogen or oxygen can be selected when working in the 80K temperature zone.
Helium, neon and the like can be selected when the gas is operated in a temperature range of 30K, and the gas filled into the gas can be single gas or a gas mixture formed by mixing a plurality of gases.
The pressure of the gas is designed according to the elasticity of the telescopic piece 13 and the telescopic amount of the telescopic piece 13, so that the thermal switch 1 has proper expansion or contraction amount in the working process. In addition, an elastic structure such as a spring may be provided for adjusting and balancing the elastic force of the expansion member 13 and the pressure in the first cavity, so that the expansion member 13 has a suitable length or expansion amount.
As shown in fig. 1,2,4 and 5, when the working medium is in a gas-liquid two-phase state in the working temperature region of the thermal switch 1, the liquid working medium can flow back by gravity or capillary action, the liquid evaporates at a position with a higher temperature, the generated gas flows to a position with a lower temperature to be condensed, and efficient heat transfer is performed between the moving member 11 and the fixed member 12 by means of the gas-liquid phase change and the circulation flow of the working medium.
When the working medium is in a gas-liquid two-phase state in the working temperature area of the thermal switch 1, a flexible capillary structure can be used as the flexible heat conducting member 15 for connecting the moving member 11 and the fixed member 12, and the liquid reflux is realized by utilizing the capillary action of the flexible capillary structure, and the flexible heat conducting member 15 has the functions of heat transfer, flexible connection and liquid reflux promotion.
In this embodiment, the liquid in the first cavity 14 evaporates on the surface of the moving member 11 with higher temperature, the generated gas flows to the surface of the fixed member 12 with lower temperature and condenses, the condensed liquid working medium flows back to the position with higher temperature along the flexible heat conducting member 15 with flexible capillary structure again, and the heat transfer effect between the moving member 11 and the fixed member 12 can be greatly improved by means of the gas-liquid phase change and the circulation flow of the working medium.
As shown in fig. 1, 2, 4 and 5, in a preferred embodiment, the thermal switch 1 further includes a transition capillary structure 151, the transition capillary structure 151 being disposed at a lower surface of the moving member 11 and/or an upper surface of the fixed member 12, i.e., a surface near a side of the flexible heat conductive member 15, the transition capillary structure 151 being in close contact with a contact surface of the moving member 11 and/or the fixed member 12.
In another specific embodiment, the flexible heat conducting members 15 are plural and arranged at intervals.
The transition capillary structure 151 is a sheet structure, and the end of the flexible heat conductive member 15 protrudes into the interior of the transition capillary structure 151 and is in close contact with the transition capillary structure 151.
Specifically, the transition capillary structure 151 increases the evaporation area of the moving member 11 having a higher temperature and the condensation area of the fixed member 12 having a lower temperature. In addition, the transitional capillary structure 151 also plays a bridging role in the flowing process of the liquid, so that the condensed liquid on the surface of the fixing piece 12 can smoothly flow into the flexible capillary structure along the transitional capillary structure 151, and then flows into the transitional capillary structure 151 on the surface of the moving piece 11, so that the working medium is evaporated into gas after extending to a larger area space.
In this embodiment, as a preferred technical solution, the flexible capillary structure is made of a material with good wettability, large porosity and large capillary force, and is used for transporting liquid and promoting liquid backflow, and the flexible heat conducting member 15 is not limited to the capillary structure, and only needs to be made of a material with good heat conduction and meeting the requirement of flexibility.
In another embodiment, at least one of the flexible heat conducting member 15 and the flexible capillary structure is provided. Specifically, when the thermal switch 1 only includes the flexible heat conducting element 15, the working medium may be in a gas state or a gas-liquid two-phase state in the working temperature region, the on-off of the thermal switch 1 is realized mainly by utilizing the contraction and expansion effect generated by the contraction and expansion of gas or the gas-liquid phase change, the effect of heat transfer of the working medium is relatively small, and when the gravity auxiliary state with low evaporation position and high condensation position exists, the heat transfer effect of the working medium in the gas-liquid two-phase state can be greatly enhanced.
When the thermal switch 1 only comprises a flexible capillary structure, the working medium is in a gas-liquid two-phase state in a working temperature area, liquid can flow back by utilizing the capillary structure, and high-efficiency heat transfer is realized through gas-liquid phase change of working medium.
A filling opening (not shown) is provided in the first chamber 14 of the thermal switch 1, which filling opening is provided in the telescopic member 13 or the moving member 11 or the fixed member 12 for filling the working medium. The working medium filled in the first cavity 14 may be gas or gas-liquid two-phase state in the working temperature region of the thermal switch 1. Before filling the working medium, the first cavity 14 is communicated with the outside through the filling opening, and after filling the working medium, the filling opening is sealed, so that the first cavity 14 is in a closed state.
The moving part 11 and the fixed part 12 are made of materials with good heat conduction performance, for example, metal materials with high heat conduction coefficients such as red copper, aluminum and the like can be selected. The expansion member 13 may be a bellows, or may be other structures or materials having an expansion function, for example, may be a tubular or bladder structure made of rubber.
The flexible wicking structure may be in the form of at least one of a flexible bundle, mesh, slit, pore, or the like, such as a woven rope, wire mesh, metal felt, fiber bundle, or the like. The transition capillary structure 151 may be at least one of a capillary structure of a micro groove, a wire mesh, a sintered felt, a sintered powder, a foamed metal, and the like.
In this embodiment, the thermal switch 1 has a plurality of operation modes, the fixing member 12 may be connected to the heat source 2 or the cold source 3, and the initial state of the telescopic member 13 may be an extended state or a contracted state. For example, the fixing member 12 may be connected to the heat source 2, and the initial state of the thermal switch 1 in the operating temperature range may be a contracted state, and the moving member 11 may be separated from the heat sink 3, that is, the thermal switch 1 may be in an off state.
After the temperature of the heat source 2 is increased, the volume of the working medium is increased, the telescopic piece 13 stretches, the movable piece 11 is connected with the cold source 3, namely, the heat switch 1 is in a conducting state, and the heat of the heat source 2 is continuously transferred to the cold source 2, so that the purposes of heating the cold source 3 or cooling the heat source 2 are achieved.
Alternatively, the fixing member 12 may be connected to the heat source 3, and the thermal switch 1 may be in an extended state in the initial state in the operating temperature range, and the movable member 11 may be connected to the heat source 2, that is, the thermal switch 1 may be in an on state. As the temperature of the cold source 3 is continuously reduced, the volume of the working medium is contracted, the telescopic piece 13 is shortened, the heat of the heat source 2 is continuously transferred to the cold source 3, and after the cold source 3 is reduced to a preset temperature, the contraction amount of the telescopic piece 13 reaches a preset value, so that the movable piece 11 is disconnected from the heat source 2, namely the heat switch 1 is in an off state.
The working process of the present embodiment will be described below by taking the thermal switch 1 working at a level of Wen Wenou as an example, the first chamber 14 is filled with gas under a certain pressure, the expansion member 13 is in an expanded state at room temperature, the moving member 11 is in close contact with the heat source 2, the fixed member 12 is connected with the cold source 3, and the thermal switch 1 is in a conductive state at this time. When the cold source 3 starts to work, the temperature of the cold source 3 gradually decreases, the temperature of the fixing piece 12 tightly connected with the cold source 3 also decreases, the heat of the heat source 2 is transferred to the cold source 3 through the moving piece 11, the flexible heat conducting piece 15 and the fixing piece 12 in sequence, and is taken away by the cold source 3, and the temperature of the heat source 2 continuously decreases. During the temperature decrease of the fixed part 12, the temperature of the gas in the telescopic part 13 also gradually decreases, the volume gradually contracts, and the pressure of the contact between the movable part 11 and the heat source 2 also gradually decreases, but still remains in contact. When the temperature of the heat source 2 is reduced to the working temperature range, the shrinkage of the telescopic member 13 also reaches a preset value, and the movable member 11 is thoroughly separated from the heat source 2, and at this time, the thermal switch 1 is in an off state. When the temperature of the heat source 3 increases, the volume of the gas in the expansion piece 13 expands, and the moving piece 11 is contacted with the heat source 2 again, so that the heat source 2 and the heat source 3 are in a conducting state again.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermal switch 1 according to a second embodiment of the present invention, in addition to the basic structure of the first embodiment, a second fixing member 17 is additionally provided, where the second fixing member 17 is connected to the fixing member 12 through a supporting member 16, the fixing member 12 is connected to the cold source 3, the second fixing member 17 is connected to the heat source 2, and the contact and separation between the moving member 11 and the second fixing member 17 are used to realize on-off of the heat conduction effect of the thermal switch 1. The supporting member 16 has fixing, supporting and heat insulating effects, and is made of a material with low heat conductivity, and the supporting member 16 can be in a strip shape, a rod shape, a sheet shape or a thin cylindrical shape or other structures with good heat insulating effect and good strength.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a heat insulation support structure, in which the support members 16 are in a rod-shaped structure, and four support members are uniformly distributed between the fixing member 12 and the second fixing member 17, so that not only can the strength support requirement be met, but also a good heat insulation effect can be achieved, and the thermal switch 1 has a larger breaking thermal resistance, so that a larger switching ratio is obtained.
In the present embodiment, the second fixing member 17 and the supporting member 16 may be combined not only with the basic structure shown in the first embodiment but also with the thermal switch 1 of several embodiments or other structural forms shown in fig. 4 to 6. The advantage of this embodiment is that the contact and separation actions of the thermal switch 1 occur inside the thermal switch 1, and the moving member 11 does not frequently contact or separate from the heat source 2 or the cold source 3, so as to avoid frequent acting force on the heat source 2 or the cold source 3.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermal switch 1 according to a third embodiment of the present invention, which is substantially similar to the main structural composition and operation process of the thermal switch 1 according to the first embodiment shown in fig. 1, and also includes a moving member 11, a fixed member 12, a telescopic member 13, and a flexible heat conducting member 15, wherein a first extending member 111 is disposed on the moving member 11, and a second extending member 121 is disposed on the fixed member 12, and the first extending member 111 and the second extending member 121 are in concave-convex fit.
At least one surface contact is provided between the first extension member 111 and the second extension member 121, and when the moving member 11 and the fixed member 12 are relatively moved, the first extension member 111 and the second extension member 121 maintain contact with each other, and slide along the contact surface. The first extension member 111 and the second extension member 121 may play a role of positioning, prevent the moving member 11 from being deviated or inclined during movement, and enable the moving member 11 to be better contacted with its contact member.
Further, by providing the first extension 111 and the extension 121, the length of the thermal switch 1 can be extended, facilitating the heat transfer arrangement of the heat source 2 and the heat sink 3 at a long distance.
In addition, the arrangement of the first extension member 111 and the second extension member 121 can also increase the contact area between the moving member 11 and the fixed member 12, and reduce the heat transfer resistance between the moving member 11 and the fixed member 12. The moving member 11, the fixing member 12, the first extending member 111 and the second extending member 121 are made of a material with good heat conduction performance, for example, a metal material with high heat conduction coefficient such as red copper, aluminum or the like can be selected.
In a preferred embodiment, the first extension 111 is configured as a protrusion extending in the direction of the fixed member, and the second extension 121 is configured as an annular cavity extending from the upper surface of the fixed member 12 and in the direction of the moving member 11, the opening of the annular cavity facing the protrusion, wherein the protrusion is inserted into the annular cavity and is capable of extending and retracting movement with respect to the longitudinal direction of the annular cavity.
In this embodiment, the second cavity 18 formed by the first extension member 111 and the second extension member 121 is disposed outside the telescopic member 13, the first extension member 111 and the second extension member 121 may be cylindrical, two ends of the telescopic member 13 are respectively connected with the moving member 11 and the fixed member 12, or may be connected with the moving member 11 and the fixed member 12 through the first extension member 111 and the second extension member 121, so as to form a closed first cavity 14 and be disposed inside the second cavity 18.
The first cavity 14 is filled with a working medium, the volume of the working medium expands or contracts along with the temperature change, the expansion piece 13 and the flexible heat conducting piece 15 expand and contract along with the temperature change, the moving piece 11 and the fixed piece 12 move relatively, and in the process, the contact surfaces between the first extending piece 111 and the second extending piece 121 always keep contact with each other, and the relative sliding can smoothly occur.
In the present embodiment, a communication hole 181 is provided at the bottom of the second extension member 121, and the communication hole 181 is used to communicate the second cavity 18 with the outside of the thermal switch 1, and the second cavity 18 and the outside always have the same pressure, so that the first extension member 111 and the second extension member 121 can slide relatively smoothly. At least one communication hole 181 or/and a communication groove (not shown) may be formed in the first extension member 111 and/or the second extension member 121 to achieve the same or better communication effect.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermal switch according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention, which is substantially similar to the main structural components and the working process of the thermal switch 1 according to the third embodiment shown in fig. 4, and also includes a moving member 11, a fixed member 12, a telescopic member 13, and a flexible heat conducting member 15, wherein in the fourth embodiment, a first extending member 111, a second extending member 121, and a second cavity 18 are disposed in a first cavity 14, two ends of the flexible heat conducting member 15 are respectively connected with the first extending member 111 and the fixed member 12, and the first extending member 111, the second extending member 121, and the flexible heat conducting member 15 can both play a role of reducing the heat transfer resistance between the moving member 11 and the fixed member 12, so as to ensure smooth movement between the moving member 11 and the fixed member 12.
In this embodiment, the first extension member 111 may be provided in a cylindrical shape, the second extension member 121 is provided in a cylindrical shape, and the cylindrical surface of the first extension member 111 is closely fitted with the inner surface of the second extension member 121 and is free to slide, and heat can be conducted through the contacted cylindrical surface. The first extending member 111 and the second extending member 121 form a closed second cavity 18, in this embodiment, a communication hole 181 is provided at the bottom of the second extending member 121, and unlike the third embodiment, the communication hole 181 is provided, so that the second cavity 18 is communicated with the first cavity 14, and the second cavity 18 and the first cavity 14 always maintain the same pressure, so that the first extending member 111 and the second extending member 121 can slide relatively smoothly. Likewise, at least one communication hole 181 or/and a communication groove (not shown) may be formed in the first extension member 111 and/or the second extension member 121 to achieve the same or better communication effect.
As shown in fig. 6, according to the second aspect of the present application, the main structure of the thermal switch 1 of the first embodiment is basically similar to that of the first embodiment shown in fig. 1, and the thermal switch also includes a moving member 11, a fixed member 12, and a telescopic member 13, where the flexible heat conducting member 15 is not provided, the working medium needs to be in a gas-liquid two-phase state in the working temperature region of the thermal switch 1, the position of the heat source 2 needs to be lower than that of the heat sink 3, preferably, the heat source 2 is disposed below, the heat sink 3 is disposed above, liquid needs to flow back by gravity, the liquid evaporates on the surface of the fixed member 12 with a higher temperature, the generated gas flows back to the surface of the moving member 11 with a lower temperature, the liquid working medium flows back by gravity of the liquid working medium, efficient heat transfer between the moving member 11 and the fixed member 12 is achieved by the gas-liquid phase transition and the circulating flow of the working medium, and the thermal switch 1 is turned on and off by the shrinkage or expansion of the working medium occurring when the temperature changes.
In the above embodiments, in order to reduce the contact thermal resistance between the moving member 11 or the fixed member 12 and other parts, an indium film or an indium sheet may be provided at the contact surface position. In order to reduce the amount of radiation heat exchange between the moving member 11 and the other contact member, a plating treatment may be performed on the contact surface.
In summary, the moving member 11 is driven to move by expansion and contraction of the working medium, so that the displacement of the moving member 11 is large, the thermal switch 1 can obtain a large switching ratio, and the thermal switch has a simple structure and low processing technology requirements. The flexible heat conducting piece 15 is used for connecting the fixing piece 12 and the moving piece 11, so that the moving piece 11 and the fixing piece 12 can relatively move in a state of being kept communicated, heat can be conveniently and smoothly transferred, the length of the thermal switch 1 can be prolonged, the heat transfer arrangement of the cold source 3 and the heat source 2 can be conveniently carried out when the cold source and the heat source are far apart, and when a flexible capillary structure is used, a working medium is in a gas-liquid two-phase state, and the effects of promoting liquid backflow and enhancing heat transfer can be achieved. By providing the first extension member 111 and the second extension member 121, the positioning function can be achieved, the moving member 11 is effectively prevented from being offset or inclined in the moving process, the length of the thermal switch 1 can be prolonged, and the contact area between the moving member 11 and the fixed member 12 can be increased. Thus, the thermal switch 1 proposed by the present invention can obtain a very high switching ratio.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A thermal switch, comprising:
the heat source device comprises a moving part, a fixing part, a telescopic part, a flexible heat conducting part and a transitional capillary structure, wherein the moving part is arranged towards the heat source, a cold source is arranged on the fixing part, the telescopic part is arranged between the moving part and the fixing part, two ends of the telescopic part are respectively connected with the moving part and the fixing part, the telescopic part and the moving part and the fixing part form a closed first cavity together, the flexible heat conducting part is also arranged in the first cavity, two ends of the flexible heat conducting part are respectively connected with the moving part and the fixing part, working medium which changes along with the temperature is filled in the first cavity, the expansion or contraction of the working medium is carried out in the first cavity, the expansion and the contraction of the telescopic part are promoted, the relative movement of the moving part and the fixing part is driven through the expansion and the contraction of the telescopic part, and meanwhile, the flexible heat conducting part is enabled to extend and retract along with the telescopic part, and the connection and disconnection of the moving part and the heat source are realized.
The flexible heat conducting piece comprises a flexible capillary structure; the transition capillary structure is arranged between the flexible heat conducting piece and the moving piece, the transition capillary structure is arranged between the flexible heat conducting piece and the fixing piece, the transition capillary structure is of a sheet structure, and the flexible heat conducting piece stretches into the transition capillary structure.
2. The thermal switch of claim 1, wherein the flexible capillary structure comprises at least one of a flexible bundle capillary structure, a mesh capillary structure, a slit capillary structure, and a void capillary structure.
3. The thermal switch of claim 1, wherein the transitional capillary structure comprises at least one of a micro-groove, a wire mesh, a sintered felt, a sintered powder, a foam metal.
4. The thermal switch of claim 1, further comprising a second fixture disposed above the moving member, the second fixture being connected to the fixture by a support member, wherein a heat source is mounted on the second fixture, and the moving member performs an extension and retraction movement toward the second fixture, thereby achieving on and off of the moving member from the heat source.
5. The thermal switch of claim 1, further comprising a first extension member disposed on the moving member and/or a second extension member disposed on the stationary member, the flexible thermally conductive member being coupled to the moving member via the first extension member and/or the flexible thermally conductive member being coupled to the stationary member via the second extension member.
6. The thermal switch of claim 5, wherein the first extension piece and the second extension piece are in a concave-convex fit, a second cavity is configured between the first extension piece and the second extension piece, and the second cavity is communicated with the first cavity through a communication hole arranged on the first extension piece and/or the second extension piece; or the communication hole communicates the second chamber with the outside.
7. The thermal switch of claim 1, wherein the flexible thermally conductive member comprises a thermally conductive cord, a thermally conductive tape, or a thermally conductive sheet.
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| CN201811592549.9A CN109520365B (en) | 2018-12-25 | 2018-12-25 | Thermal switch |
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| CN201811592549.9A CN109520365B (en) | 2018-12-25 | 2018-12-25 | Thermal switch |
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| CN110686551A (en) * | 2019-10-10 | 2020-01-14 | 深圳航天东方红海特卫星有限公司 | Thermal switch |
| CN111725157B (en) * | 2020-06-20 | 2021-11-09 | 西安交通大学 | Intelligent phase change cooling structure based on shape memory material |
| CN114396816B (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2023-05-23 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Heat transfer device |
| CN115087311A (en) * | 2022-06-17 | 2022-09-20 | 杭州海康威视数字技术股份有限公司 | Electronic device |
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| US4402358A (en) * | 1982-10-15 | 1983-09-06 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Heat pipe thermal switch |
| CN1580683A (en) * | 2003-08-06 | 2005-02-16 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Low temperature heat tube for thermal switch |
| CN104241020A (en) * | 2013-06-07 | 2014-12-24 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Lever type low-temperature thermal switch for coupling low-temperature refrigerator and cooled device |
| CN209623483U (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2019-11-12 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Thermal switch |
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| JP3310872B2 (en) * | 1996-07-15 | 2002-08-05 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Magnetic refrigerator |
| CN101697332B (en) * | 2009-10-16 | 2011-06-22 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | Micro-expanded thermal switch |
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| US4402358A (en) * | 1982-10-15 | 1983-09-06 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Heat pipe thermal switch |
| CN1580683A (en) * | 2003-08-06 | 2005-02-16 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Low temperature heat tube for thermal switch |
| CN104241020A (en) * | 2013-06-07 | 2014-12-24 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Lever type low-temperature thermal switch for coupling low-temperature refrigerator and cooled device |
| CN209623483U (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2019-11-12 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Thermal switch |
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