CN109518121B - Method for regulating and controlling deformation of thin-wall titanium alloy part by using hollow cathode effect - Google Patents
Method for regulating and controlling deformation of thin-wall titanium alloy part by using hollow cathode effect Download PDFInfo
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- CN109518121B CN109518121B CN201811392551.1A CN201811392551A CN109518121B CN 109518121 B CN109518121 B CN 109518121B CN 201811392551 A CN201811392551 A CN 201811392551A CN 109518121 B CN109518121 B CN 109518121B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/36—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases using ionised gases, e.g. ionitriding
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal heat treatment, and relates to a method for regulating and controlling deformation of a thin-wall titanium alloy part by utilizing a hollow cathode effect. According to the invention, the cylindrical tool, the part and the effective working area of the ion nitriding furnace are superposed in a three-center manner, and the tool and the part are made of the same material, so that the part is uniformly heated. The bottom temperature control thermocouple of the cathode disc is led to the position near the titanium alloy part through the bottom hole of the cylindrical tool, so that process overtemperature is prevented. Before nitriding the part, annealing at 850-950 ℃, and performing step heating, heat preservation and cooling at 300-450 ℃ and 500-650 ℃ at a heating and cooling rate of 0.5-2 ℃/min, wherein the time for reaching the temperature and preserving the heat is 2-4 h. After the rotary thin-wall titanium alloy part is nitrided for 4-15 hours at the temperature of 750-880 ℃, the surface hardness is not less than HV800, the effective hardened layer depth is more than 0.05mm, and the deformation after nitriding is not more than 0.020 mm.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal heat treatment, and relates to a method for regulating and controlling deformation of a thin-wall titanium alloy part by using a hollow cathode effect.
Background
The maximum service temperature of the traditional common ion nitriding furnace is only 650 ℃, and the nitriding process temperature is usually more than 750 ℃ when the surface microhardness of the nitrided titanium alloy part reaches HV 800.
The surface hardness of the existing titanium alloy ion nitrided part is generally required to be below HV800, and the deformation control amplitude is hardly required. In order to realize the function, an active screen technology is adopted, namely a titanium alloy cylinder which is in a porous shape and is connected with a cathode at high pressure is manufactured, although the deformation degree can be reduced to a certain degree by adopting the method, the process deformation requirement cannot be realized for some aerospace thin-wall titanium alloy parts with complex structures and controlled by ultra-precision deformation simply by depending on the active screen technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is: the surface hardness of the titanium alloy thin-wall rotary part subjected to ion nitriding is not less than HV800, the depth of an effective hardening layer is more than 0.05mm, and the deformation after nitriding is not more than 0.020mm by using a traditional common ion nitriding furnace and utilizing a hollow cathode effect and assisting a special tool.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows: a method for regulating and controlling deformation of a thin-wall titanium alloy part by utilizing a hollow cathode effect is characterized in that a common ion nitriding furnace is used, a narrow space which is 2 times smaller than the thickness of a glow layer is formed between a tool and the outer wall of the part by means of a special tool, and the functions of increasing the surface temperature of the part to the process temperature and uniformly heating are realized by utilizing the hollow cathode effect and glow superposition of the tool and the outer wall of the part.
The special tool for titanium alloy ion nitriding is of a cylindrical structure, is supported by a stainless steel guide pipe, is connected with a cathode disc, and is positioned at the geometric center of an effective working area of the special titanium alloy ion nitriding equipment. The schematic diagram of the coincidence of the three centers of the cylindrical tool, the part and the effective working area of the ion nitriding furnace is shown in the attached figure 1.
The titanium alloy thin-wall part is placed in a special tool for titanium alloy ion nitriding, the distance between the tool and the outer wall of the titanium alloy part is 5-20 mm, and the tool and the part have the same mark.
The titanium alloy part uses an auxiliary supporting upright column made of the same-grade material, so that the axis of the part is coaxial with the axis of the tool.
The auxiliary supporting upright columns are used for improving the current density of parts in the ion nitriding process, the diameter of each upright column cannot be larger than phi 5mm, and the upright columns are uniformly distributed at the bottom of the cylindrical tool and are at the same height level.
The ion nitriding furnace is a common ion nitriding furnace without an auxiliary heat source and an active screen technology, and a temperature control thermocouple at the bottom of a cathode disc needs to be led to the position near a titanium alloy part through a bottom hole of a cylindrical tool.
The titanium alloy part is a revolving body with the size of 50-100 mm and the effective wall thickness of 3-7 mm, the part of the titanium alloy part with the hole and the groove needs to be shielded in a mechanical shielding mode, and the hole and the groove are not allowed to generate a hollow cathode effect.
The deformation ultra-precision control of the titanium alloy part requires high-temperature annealing treatment at 800-950 ℃ on the part before ion nitriding.
The deformation of the titanium alloy part is controlled superficially, the temperature of the ion nitriding process is 750-900 ℃, and the nitriding heat preservation time is 4-15 hours.
The deformation ultra-precision control of the titanium alloy part needs to carry out step heating, heat preservation and cooling during ion nitriding, and the heating and cooling rate is 0.5-2 ℃/min.
The deformation of the titanium alloy part is controlled superficially, and the temperature ranges of the stepped heating and cooling are respectively 300-450 ℃ and 500-650 ℃.
The invention has the technical effects that: the method for regulating and controlling the deformation of the thin-wall titanium alloy part by utilizing the hollow cathode effect forms a narrow space which is 2 times smaller than the thickness of a glow layer between a tool and the outer wall of the part by utilizing the hollow cathode effect, the tool, the part and an effective working area of an ion nitriding furnace are superposed in a three-center mode, the uniform heating of the part is realized, the surface hardness of the titanium alloy subjected to ion nitriding is not less than HV800, the depth of an effective hardening layer is more than 0.05mm, and the deformation amount of the titanium alloy subjected to nitriding is not more than 0.020 mm.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the coincidence of the three centers of the effective working area of a part, a cylindrical tool and an ion nitriding furnace;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 1A-A;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of an asymmetric thin-wall titanium alloy part;
FIG. 4 is a top view of an asymmetric thin-walled titanium alloy part;
wherein, the device comprises a 1-cylindrical tool lower bottom plate, a 2-cylindrical tool protective cover, a 3-auxiliary supporting pin upright post, a 4-ion nitriding furnace middle temperature control thermocouple and a 5-ion nitriding furnace effective working area.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples:
the method for regulating and controlling the deformation of the thin-wall titanium alloy part by utilizing the hollow cathode effect selects a common ion nitriding furnace without an auxiliary heat source and an active screen, forms a narrow space which is 2 times smaller than the thickness of a glow layer between a tool and the outer wall of the part by means of a special tool, and utilizes the hollow cathode effect to realize the functions of improving the surface temperature of the part to the process temperature and uniformly heating the part by glow superposition of the tool and the outer wall of the part.
The special tool for titanium alloy ion nitriding is of a cylindrical structure, is supported by a 1Cr18Ni stainless steel guide pipe and is connected with a cathode disc, a TA7 cylindrical tool lower bottom plate and a TA7 auxiliary support upright post are utilized to build a geometric space of an equipotential negative bright area in an ion nitriding furnace, and in the ion nitriding process stage, the tool and parts are made of the same material, so that the linear expansion coefficient of the tool and the parts at high temperature can be ensured to be the same, and the tool and the parts are positioned at the geometric center of an effective working area of the special titanium alloy ion nitriding equipment, and the cylindrical tool, the parts and the effective working area of the ion nitriding furnace are superposed in a three-center mode, as shown in figures 1 and 2.
Taking a complex structure part of a titanium alloy thin-wall part with a certain specification TA7 as an example, as shown in figures 3 and 4, the effective wall thickness is only 3 mm. The surface hardness of the part after ion nitriding is not less than HV800, the effective hardened layer depth is more than 0.05mm, and the deformation after nitriding is not more than 0.020 mm. The distance between frock and the part is 15mm, can guarantee to form the hollow cathode region between frock and the part, utilizes this narrow and small region to make the heavy superpose heat effect of glow layer of part and frock, promotes the temperature of part in the glow overlap region by a wide margin, realizes titanium alloy part's ionic nitrogen.
In the geometric space of the cylindrical tool, charged cations are influenced by equipotential, the bombardment uniformity of the parts in the cylindrical tool is greatly improved, and the macroscopic expression is that the heating uniformity of the parts is improved.
The auxiliary supporting upright columns are used for supporting parts, the diameter of each auxiliary supporting upright column is phi 5mm, the current intensity transmitted from the cathode disc in the ion nitriding furnace to the parts through the auxiliary upright columns can be effectively improved, and the thickness of a glow layer is reduced.
The bottom temperature control thermocouple of the cathode disc is inserted near the titanium alloy part through the bottom of the cylindrical tool, so that the process temperature monitoring capability of the part in the nitriding process is improved. The upper bottom surface and the lower bottom surface of the cylindrical tool are provided with holes, so that charged particles can bombard parts from the upper side and the lower side of the tool at the same time, and the upper direction and the lower direction of the parts are heated uniformly.
Through the overlapping of the geometric centers of the part, the cylindrical tool and the effective working area of the ion nitriding furnace, the consistency of the part subjected to charged particle thermal bombardment in all directions during ion nitriding is greatly improved, and the heated uniformity is effectively guaranteed.
High-temperature ion nitriding is carried out after high-temperature annealing at 900 ℃ is carried out for 6 hours before nitriding of the part, so that the structure thermal stability of the part at high temperature is improved, and the size deformation of the part caused by unstable structure is reduced.
The temperature of the part is increased and decreased in a step mode, the temperature rising rate is 2 ℃/min when the temperature rises from room temperature to 400 ℃, the temperature is maintained for 4h after the temperature reaches 400 ℃, then the temperature is increased to 550 ℃ at 1 ℃/min, the temperature is maintained for 2h after the temperature reaches, the temperature is continuously increased to 880 ℃ at 1 ℃/min, and the temperature is maintained for 6 h. And then cooling to 550 ℃ at a speed of 1 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2h after reaching the temperature, cooling to 400 ℃ at a speed of 1 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2h after reaching the temperature, stopping the glow heating system, cooling to 200 ℃ along with the furnace, opening the furnace and taking out the titanium alloy part. The titanium alloy has poor heat conduction, and the large-size titanium alloy part can effectively reduce the macroscopic deformation caused by the thermal stress due to the internal and external temperature difference by adopting the step heating, heat preservation and cooling of the part. By adopting the method, after the part is subjected to ion nitriding, the surface hardness is HV1207, the depth of a hardened layer is 0.09mm, and the final ellipse and the taper are both about 0.017mm, so that the ultra-precision control of the high-temperature ion nitriding deformation of the large-size asymmetric rotation type titanium alloy part is realized while the metallurgical quality requirement is met.
Claims (2)
1. A method for regulating and controlling deformation of a thin-wall titanium alloy part by utilizing a hollow cathode effect is characterized in that a cylindrical tool, the titanium alloy part and an effective working area of an ion nitriding furnace are superposed in a three-center mode by virtue of the cylindrical tool, a narrow space which is 2 times smaller than the thickness of a glow layer is formed between the cylindrical tool and the outer wall of the titanium alloy part, and the surface of the part is subjected to heat treatment by utilizing the hollow cathode effect through glow superposition of the cylindrical tool and the outer wall of the titanium alloy part; holes are formed in the upper bottom surface and the lower bottom surface of the cylindrical tool;
the cylindrical tool is supported by a stainless steel guide pipe, is connected with the cathode disc and is positioned at the geometric center of an effective working area of the ion nitriding furnace;
the bottom temperature control thermocouple of the cathode disc is led to the position near the titanium alloy part through a bottom hole of the cylindrical tool;
the auxiliary supporting upright columns are used for supporting parts, the diameter of each auxiliary supporting upright column cannot be larger than phi 5mm, and the upright columns are required to be uniformly distributed at the bottom of the cylindrical tool and are at the same height level;
the part of the titanium alloy part with the holes and the grooves is shielded in a mechanical shielding mode, so that the hollow cathode effect of the holes and the grooves is avoided;
the titanium alloy part is subjected to high-temperature annealing treatment at 800-950 ℃ before ion nitriding;
the temperature of the ion nitriding process achieved by the hollow cathode effect is 750-880 ℃, and the nitriding heat preservation time is 4-15 h;
and carrying out step heating, heat preservation and cooling during ion nitriding.
2. The method for regulating and controlling the deformation of the thin-wall titanium alloy part by using the hollow cathode effect as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heating and cooling rate is 0.5-2 ℃/min, the temperature ranges of the step heating and cooling are 300-450 ℃, 500-650 ℃ respectively, and the temperature is kept for 2-4 h.
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| CN109518121B true CN109518121B (en) | 2021-09-10 |
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| CN109518122B (en) * | 2018-12-05 | 2022-01-14 | 中国航发哈尔滨东安发动机有限公司 | Ion nitriding control method for thin-wall large-size asymmetric rotary titanium alloy part |
| CN109680243B (en) * | 2018-12-05 | 2021-11-09 | 中国航发哈尔滨东安发动机有限公司 | Thin-wall medium-small-size asymmetric rotation type titanium alloy part nitriding deformation control method |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1263953A (en) * | 1999-12-29 | 2000-08-23 | 西安交通大学 | Industrial pulse or DC plasma and chemical gas-phase deposition equipment for strenthening surface of tool or mould |
| FR2911347A1 (en) * | 2007-01-17 | 2008-07-18 | Jatco Ltd | METHOD FOR TREATING ALUMINUM SURFACE AND ALUMINUM COMPOSITE MATERIAL |
| CN103320772A (en) * | 2013-07-04 | 2013-09-25 | 大连理工大学 | Metal inner surface modification device and method |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1263953A (en) * | 1999-12-29 | 2000-08-23 | 西安交通大学 | Industrial pulse or DC plasma and chemical gas-phase deposition equipment for strenthening surface of tool or mould |
| FR2911347A1 (en) * | 2007-01-17 | 2008-07-18 | Jatco Ltd | METHOD FOR TREATING ALUMINUM SURFACE AND ALUMINUM COMPOSITE MATERIAL |
| CN103320772A (en) * | 2013-07-04 | 2013-09-25 | 大连理工大学 | Metal inner surface modification device and method |
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