Braking and gear device for vehicle
Technical Field
The invention relates to a vehicle, in particular to a braking and gear device of the vehicle.
Background
When the value of the distance between the obstacle in front of the vehicle and the vehicle is small, the vehicle needs to be subjected to a braking operation. However, when the distance between the obstacle in front of the vehicle and the vehicle is small when the driver does not see the obstacle in front or the driver is in a tired state, the driver does not brake the vehicle, and an accident is likely to occur. The braking and gear shifting device of the prior art cannot automatically brake and automatically engage neutral when the distance value between an obstacle in front of the vehicle and the vehicle is small.
As shown in fig. 2, the braking device of the vehicle in the prior art includes a front axle brake 50, a rear axle brake 51, an accumulator 52 and a foot valve 53, wherein the front axle brake 50 and the rear axle brake 51 are wet brakes, an oil inlet P of the foot valve 53 is communicated with the accumulator 52, and an actuating port a of the foot valve 53 is respectively communicated with the front axle brake 50 and the rear axle brake 51. When the pressure of the accumulator 52 drops, the accumulator 52 is charged by a hydraulic pump on the vehicle through a charge valve. When the brake pedal 53-1 of the foot valve 53 is depressed for braking, the oil inlet P of the foot valve 53 is communicated with the implement port a, and the pressure oil in the accumulator 52 reaches the front axle brake 50 and the rear axle brake 51 through the foot valve 53, thereby braking the front wheels and the rear wheels.
As shown in fig. 3, the gear device in the prior art includes a gear selection operation valve 60, a forward gear clutch 61, a reverse gear clutch 62 and an energy accumulator 52, wherein the gear selection operation valve 60 includes an operating lever 60-1, an oil inlet P of the gear selection operation valve 60 is communicated with an oil outlet of the energy accumulator 52, an execution port a of the gear selection operation valve 60 is communicated with the forward gear clutch 61, an execution port B of the gear selection operation valve 60 is communicated with the reverse gear clutch 62, and the operating lever 60-1 of the gear selection operation valve 60 is connected with a gear selector located in a cab through a flexible shaft. When a driver operates a gear selector positioned in a cab to be hung on a forward gear, a flexible shaft drives an operating lever 60-1 of a gear selecting operating valve 60 to move, so that an oil inlet P of the gear selecting operating valve 60 is communicated with an execution port A, pressure oil in an energy accumulator 52 enters a forward gear clutch 61, the forward gear clutch 61 is combined, and a vehicle is hung on the forward gear; when the driver operates the gear selector in the cab to be hooked on the reverse gear, the flexible shaft drives the operating rod 60-1 of the gear selecting operating valve 60 to move, so that the oil inlet P of the gear selecting operating valve 60 is communicated with the execution port B, the pressure oil in the energy accumulator 52 enters the reverse gear clutch 62, the reverse gear clutch 62 is combined, and the vehicle is hooked on the reverse gear. When the driver operates the gear selector of the cab to hang on the neutral gear, the oil inlet P of the gear selecting operation valve 60 is not communicated with the execution port A and the execution port B, the forward gear clutch 61 and the reverse gear clutch 62 are both in a separated state, and the vehicle is hung on the neutral gear.
The brake device cannot automatically engage neutral during normal braking, so that the forward clutch 61 or the reverse clutch 62 is easily worn when the vehicle is in a normal braking state.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a vehicle braking and gear shifting device which can automatically brake and automatically shift neutral gear when the distance value between an obstacle in front of a vehicle and the vehicle is small and can automatically shift neutral gear when the vehicle is normally braked.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a braking and gear device of a vehicle comprises a front axle brake, a rear axle brake, an energy accumulator, a foot valve, a gear selecting operation valve, a forward gear clutch and a backward gear clutch; the gear selecting operation valve comprises an operating lever, an execution port A of the gear selecting operation valve is communicated with a forward gear clutch, an execution port B of the gear selecting operation valve is communicated with a reverse gear clutch, and the operating lever of the gear selecting operation valve is connected with a gear selector in a cab through a flexible shaft;
the hydraulic control reversing valve is connected with the main controller through a hydraulic control valve; an oil inlet P of the foot valve, a second oil inlet P2 of the electromagnetic reversing valve and an oil inlet P of the hydraulic control reversing valve are communicated with the energy accumulator, and an execution port A of the foot valve is communicated with a first oil inlet P1 of the electromagnetic reversing valve; the execution port A of the electromagnetic reversing valve is respectively communicated with the control port K of the hydraulic control reversing valve, the front axle brake and the rear axle brake; an execution port A of the hydraulic control reversing valve is communicated with an oil inlet P of the gear selecting operation valve; the wiring terminal K of the electromagnetic directional valve and the obstacle sensor are electrically connected or wirelessly communicated with the main controller; when the actual distance value between the obstacle detected by the obstacle sensor and the vehicle is smaller than the preset distance value in the main controller, the main controller controls a terminal K of the electromagnetic directional valve to be electrified, and then a second oil inlet P2 of the electromagnetic directional valve is communicated with the execution port A; when the actual distance value between the obstacle detected by the obstacle sensor and the vehicle is larger than or equal to the preset distance value in the main controller, the main controller controls a terminal K of the electromagnetic directional valve to lose power, and then a first oil inlet P1 of the electromagnetic directional valve is communicated with an execution port A; when pressure oil is introduced into a control port K of the hydraulic control reversing valve, an oil inlet P of the hydraulic control reversing valve is not communicated with an execution port A.
The invention has the following positive effects: because the oil inlet P of the foot valve, the second oil inlet P2 of the electromagnetic directional valve and the oil inlet P of the hydraulic control directional valve are communicated with the energy accumulator, the execution port A of the foot valve is communicated with the first oil inlet P1 of the electromagnetic directional valve; an execution port A of the electromagnetic directional valve is respectively communicated with a control port K of the hydraulic control directional valve, a front axle brake and a rear axle brake; an execution port A of the hydraulic control reversing valve is communicated with an oil inlet P of the gear selecting operation valve; the wiring terminal K of the electromagnetic directional valve and the barrier sensor are electrically connected or wirelessly communicated with the main controller; when the actual distance value between the obstacle detected by the obstacle sensor and the vehicle is smaller than the preset distance value in the main controller, the main controller controls a terminal K of the electromagnetic directional valve to be electrified, and then a second oil inlet P2 of the electromagnetic directional valve is communicated with the execution port A; when the actual distance value between the obstacle detected by the obstacle sensor and the vehicle is larger than or equal to the preset distance value in the main controller, the main controller controls a terminal K of the electromagnetic directional valve to lose power, and then a first oil inlet P1 of the electromagnetic directional valve is communicated with an execution port A; when pressure oil is introduced into a control port K of the hydraulic control reversing valve, an oil inlet P of the hydraulic control reversing valve is not communicated with an execution port A, and the hydraulic control reversing valve is also used in the hydraulic control reversing valve, the obstacle sensor 4 is installed in a front bumper of a vehicle, so that when an actual distance value between an obstacle detected by the obstacle sensor 4 and the vehicle is smaller than a preset distance value in a main controller under the condition that a driver does not see the obstacle in front or the driver is in a fatigue state, the main controller 3 controls a terminal K of the electromagnetic reversing valve 1 to be electrified, and a second oil inlet P2 of the electromagnetic reversing valve is communicated with the execution port A; pressure oil in the accumulator enters a front axle brake and a rear axle brake through a second oil inlet P2 of the electromagnetic directional valve, and the vehicle can be automatically braked when in a braking state, namely, the distance value between an obstacle in front of the vehicle and the vehicle is small. Meanwhile, pressure oil in the energy accumulator can also enter a control port K of the hydraulic control reversing valve, and at the moment, an oil inlet P of the hydraulic control reversing valve is not communicated with an execution port A, the pressure oil cannot enter a forward gear clutch and a backward gear clutch which are both in a separated state, and a vehicle is hung on a neutral gear, namely the neutral gear can be automatically hung when the distance value between an obstacle in front of the vehicle and the vehicle is small. This can greatly improve the driving safety of the vehicle. When the actual distance value between the obstacle detected by the obstacle sensor and the vehicle is greater than or equal to the distance value preset in the main controller, when the terminal K of the electromagnetic directional valve is in a power-off state, the first oil inlet P1 of the electromagnetic directional valve 1 is communicated with the execution port A, when normal braking is needed, a driver only needs to step on the brake pedal 53-1 of the foot valve 53, pressure oil in the energy accumulator reaches a front axle brake and a rear axle brake through the foot valve and a first oil inlet P1 of the electromagnetic directional valve, the vehicle is in a braking state, meanwhile, pressure oil in the energy accumulator reaches a control port K of the hydraulic control reversing valve, an oil inlet P of the hydraulic control reversing valve is not communicated with an execution port A, the pressure oil cannot enter a forward gear clutch and a reverse gear clutch, the forward gear clutch and the reverse gear clutch are both in a separated state, and a vehicle is hung on a neutral gear, namely the neutral gear can be automatically hung when the vehicle is normally braked. Therefore, the forward gear clutch or the reverse gear clutch is not easy to wear when the vehicle is in a normal braking state.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a prior art braking arrangement for a vehicle;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a prior art gear device.
The reference numbers in the above figures are as follows: the hydraulic control system comprises an electromagnetic directional valve 1, a hydraulic control directional valve 2, a main controller 3, an obstacle sensor 4, a front axle brake 50, a rear axle brake 51, an energy accumulator 52, a foot valve 53, a gear selection operation valve 60, a control rod 60-1, a forward gear clutch 61 and a reverse gear clutch 62.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the examples given.
As shown in fig. 1, a braking and shifting apparatus for a vehicle includes a front axle brake 50, a rear axle brake 51, an accumulator 52, a foot valve 53, a gear selection operation valve 60, a forward clutch 61, and a reverse clutch 62; the front axle brake 50 and the rear axle brake 51 are both wet brakes manufactured by Wuhanyuanfeng automobile parts Limited and having the model number YF3501WB02-100/200, and the foot valve 53 adopts a MICO foot valve having the model number 06-466-240. The gear selecting operation valve 60 comprises an operating lever 60-1, an execution port A of the gear selecting operation valve 60 is communicated with a forward gear clutch 61, an execution port B of the gear selecting operation valve 60 is communicated with a reverse gear clutch 62, and the operating lever 60-1 of the gear selecting operation valve 60 is connected with a gear selector in a cab through a flexible shaft; the gear selection operating valve 60 is a manual directional valve. When the driver operates the gear selector, the operating lever 60-1 is driven by the flexible shaft to move, so that the gear selecting operating valve 60 is reversed. The hydraulic control reversing valve is characterized by further comprising an electromagnetic reversing valve 1, a hydraulic control reversing valve 2, a main controller 3 and an obstacle sensor 4; the obstacle sensor 4 is a model of loose PX-22, which is an obstacle detection sensor, and the obstacle sensor 4 can detect an obstacle relatively close to the vehicle and a distance between the obstacle and the vehicle. The main controller 3 is a PLC programmable logic controller, and the model of the main controller 3 is Mitsubishi F × 3U or Siemens S7-200. An oil inlet P of the foot valve 53, a second oil inlet P2 of the electromagnetic directional valve 1 and an oil inlet P of the hydraulic control directional valve 2 are communicated with the energy accumulator 52, and an execution port A of the foot valve 53 is communicated with a first oil inlet P1 of the electromagnetic directional valve 1; the execution port A of the electromagnetic directional valve 1 is respectively communicated with the control port K of the hydraulic control directional valve 2, the front axle brake 50 and the rear axle brake 51; an execution port A of the hydraulic control reversing valve 2 is communicated with an oil inlet P of the gear selecting operation valve 60; the wiring terminal K of the electromagnetic directional valve 1 and the obstacle sensor 4 are electrically connected or wirelessly communicated with the main controller 3; when the actual distance value between the obstacle detected by the obstacle sensor 4 and the vehicle is smaller than the preset distance value in the main controller, the main controller 3 controls the terminal K of the electromagnetic directional valve 1 to be electrified, and the second oil inlet P2 of the electromagnetic directional valve 1 is communicated with the execution port A; when the actual distance value between the obstacle detected by the obstacle sensor 4 and the vehicle is larger than or equal to the preset distance value in the main controller, the main controller 3 controls the terminal K of the electromagnetic directional valve 1 to lose power, and the first oil inlet P1 of the electromagnetic directional valve 1 is communicated with the execution port A; the distance value preset in the main controller 3 is a distance value between an obstacle and the vehicle when the driver needs to brake the vehicle. Normally, the terminal K of the electromagnetic directional valve 1 is in a power-off state, and the first oil inlet P1 of the electromagnetic directional valve 1 is communicated with the execution port a.
When the control port K of the hydraulic control reversing valve 2 is filled with pressure oil, the oil inlet P of the hydraulic control reversing valve 2 is not communicated with the execution port A. Under normal conditions, pressure oil is not introduced into a control port K of the hydraulic control reversing valve 2, and an oil inlet P of the hydraulic control reversing valve 2 is communicated with an execution port A.
In use, the obstacle sensor 4 is mounted in a front bumper of a vehicle.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: under the condition that a driver does not see a front obstacle clearly or the driver is in a fatigue state, when the actual distance value between the obstacle detected by the obstacle sensor 4 and the vehicle is smaller than the preset distance value in the main controller, the main controller 3 controls the terminal K of the electromagnetic directional valve 1 to be electrified, and then the second oil inlet P2 of the electromagnetic directional valve 1 is communicated with the execution port A; the pressure oil in the accumulator 52 enters the front axle brake 50 and the rear axle brake 51 through the second oil inlet P2 of the electromagnetic directional valve 1, and the vehicle can be automatically braked when in a braking state, i.e. the distance value between an obstacle in front of the vehicle and the vehicle is small. Meanwhile, the pressure oil in the energy accumulator 52 can enter the control port K of the hydraulic control reversing valve 2 through the second oil inlet P2 of the electromagnetic reversing valve 1, at this time, the pressure oil is introduced into the control port K of the hydraulic control reversing valve 2, the oil inlet P of the hydraulic control reversing valve 2 is not communicated with the execution port a, the pressure oil in the energy accumulator 52 cannot reach the oil inlet P of the gear selecting operation valve 60, the pressure oil cannot enter the forward gear clutch 61 and the reverse gear clutch 62, the forward gear clutch 61 and the reverse gear clutch 62 are both in a separated state, and the vehicle is hung on a neutral gear, namely, when the distance between an obstacle in front of the vehicle and the vehicle is small, the neutral gear can be automatically hung. This can greatly improve the driving safety of the vehicle.
When the actual distance value between the obstacle detected by the obstacle sensor and the vehicle is larger than or equal to the preset distance value in the main controller, the terminal K of the electromagnetic directional valve 1 is in a power-off state, the first oil inlet P1 of the electromagnetic directional valve 1 is communicated with the execution port A, when normal braking is needed, a driver only needs to step on the brake pedal 53-1 of the pedal valve 53, the oil inlet P of the pedal valve 53 is communicated with the execution port A, the pressure oil in the accumulator 52 can reach the front axle brake 50 and the rear axle brake 51 through the pedal valve 53 and the first oil inlet P1 of the electromagnetic directional valve 1, the vehicle is in a braking state, meanwhile, the pressure oil in the accumulator 52 can also reach the control port K of the hydraulic directional valve 2 through the pedal valve 53 and the first oil inlet P1 of the electromagnetic directional valve 1, the control port K of the hydraulic directional valve 2 is introduced with the pressure oil, and the oil inlet P of the hydraulic directional valve 2 is not communicated with the execution port A, the pressure oil in the accumulator 52 can not reach the oil inlet P of the gear selecting operation valve 60, and the pressure oil can not enter the forward clutch 61 and the reverse clutch 62, the forward clutch 61 and the reverse clutch 62 are both in a separated state, and the vehicle is hung on the neutral gear, namely, the neutral gear can be automatically hung when the vehicle is normally braked. Thus, the forward clutch 61 or the reverse clutch 62 is not easily worn when the vehicle is in a normal braking state.