CN109512482B

CN109512482B - Limiting sleeve trepan

Info

Publication number: CN109512482B
Application number: CN201810683650.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王力平
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2017-09-20
Filing date: 2018-06-28
Publication date: 2020-04-14
Anticipated expiration: 2038-06-28
Also published as: CN109512482A; WO2019057033A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a limiting sleeve trepan for skull bone defect and skull punching operation aiming at medical operation, which comprises a motor, an internal trepan and at least one trepan sleeve; the internal trepan is sleeved in the trepan sleeve through at least two bearings and is driven to rotate through a motor. The external trepan sleeve limits and adjusts the drilling depth of the internal trepan, meanwhile, the high-speed rotating trepan is protected from injuring an operator and tissues around an operation part, and meanwhile, the trepan is drilled by the limiting sleeve to move out and withdraw the complete bone flap of the drilled and sawed bone. The invention realizes the standardization and the repeatability of skull bone defect and punching operation, has simple operation, easy implementation, safety, reliability, time saving, high efficiency and small operation wound, and provides operation technical guarantee for skull bone defect models of mice to large animals, clinical medicine skull opening operation and skull punching under the condition of general medical research laboratory.

Description

Limiting sleeve trepan

Technical Field

The invention relates to a medical experimental research, which is a novel surgical instrument for drilling and sawing skull for implementing skull bone defect and skull drilling operation, aiming at establishing a limiting bone defect model of an experimental animal and the aims of clinical medical craniotomy and skull drilling operation.

Background

The experimental animal skull bone defect model has wide application value in the fields of bone regeneration and bone biomaterial research, but the trepan or the conventional grinding drill bit for the traditional skull bone defect model operation has obvious defects in product structure and operation and use, firstly, the trepan rotating at a high speed is exposed, and potential safety hazards exist to an operator and an operation animal in the operation; secondly, the drill bit is easy to slip on the surface of the skull when rotating to saw the bone, so that the drill bit is difficult to hold by hands to stably work, and the standard positioning of the bone defect of the drill bit and the standard size of the bone defect are directly influenced; thirdly, the traditional trephine has no reliable method for controlling the depth of the sawed bone, for example, the thickness of the skull of an experimental mouse is only 0.2-0.3 mm, and once the drill breaks through the thickness of the skull, dura mater and brain tissues are directly injured, so that the experimental animal dies due to craniocerebral injury.

Due to the inherent defects of the traditional trepan, the skull bone defect operation implemented by the traditional trepan is unsafe, low in efficiency, easy to infect, obvious in animal wound, extremely low in operation success rate, large in operation difficulty, difficult to master by ordinary people, difficult to achieve standardization and repeatability of the skull bone defect operation of experimental animals, incapable of being popularized in laboratories, and hindering practical development and application of the technology in the field.

Similarly, in the skull-opening and skull-punching operations of clinical medicine, the existing skull-punching drilling tools and drills all adopt old twist solid drills, the drill structure of the existing skull-punching drilling tools is a large-area cutting edge, high power and pressure are needed during drilling, and during the twisting drilling process of the twist drills, the existing skull-punching drilling tools generate large vibration to the cranium, particularly, drilled bone tissues are damaged into fragments and removed, and the complete bone flap of the drilled hole cannot be kept and moved back. The twist drill has the advantages of high-power shaking drilling, difficulty in controlling the depth, easiness in injuring the cranium and slow feeding requirement in operation, so that the special technical requirement of cranium drilling is high, and the twist drill is large in trauma, time-consuming and expensive.

Due to the defect of the existing skull perforation instrument in clinical medicine, the life treatment of the craniocerebral perforation operation required in clinical medicine is greatly influenced. For example, the most common skull perforation, skull penetration and intracranial pressure measurement are important measures for treating the increase of intracranial pressure after head trauma, redundant liquid is discharged by perforating the skull through the perforation, or a sensor is placed in the skull for pressure monitoring, so that the life risk caused by the intracranial pressure can be greatly reduced. However, only a very small number of patients receive intracranial pressure measurement and pressure reduction treatment for craniocerebral perforation operation due to the lack of sufficient professional neurosurgeons for mastering the craniocerebral perforation technology.

In view of the above technical problems, improvements are needed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, provides the limiting sleeve trepan which is simple in structure, convenient and practical and is used for skull bone defect and skull punching operations, and changes the skull opening and drilling technology of the originally difficult professional neurosurgeon into the conventional operation skill which can be controlled by common laboratory technicians and common clinical surgeons.

For a common laboratory of medical research, the invention has the advantages of simple operation method, easy mastering, safety, high efficiency and small operation wound, can be used for standardization and repeatability of skull bone defect operations of experimental animals, and provides technical guarantee for implementing the operations by applying an animal skull bone defect model under the conventional laboratory conditions. The limit sleeve trepan can be designed into different specifications, and can be used for skull bone defect model operations from mice to large animals, experimental animal skull perforation operations, perforation operations of bones at important parts which cannot be penetrated and the like in medical research.

For clinical medicine, due to the safety characteristic of the limiting sleeve trepan, a general surgeon can operate and use the instrument to safely punch the skull of non-neurosurgical personnel without extra brain injury risks, and the brain pressure monitoring and treating availability of head trauma patients is greatly increased; in addition, the invention adopts the hollow drill core trepan technology, the trepan is provided with a plurality of cutting teeth which only cut the periphery of the hole, the wall thickness of the saw blade is 0.3-0.5mm, the power consumption and the applied pressure are very small when the bone is sawn, and the drilling efficiency which is 5-10 times more than that of the traditional twist drill can be created for the craniotomy or the multi-hole drilling of the clinical craniocerebral neurosurgery; and the skull drilled and sawed is moved out for a complete bone flap, and the bone flap can be moved back to be riveted and reset after the operation, thereby saving more time and money. In addition, although the device is designed for skull perforation, it can also be used for other part drilling procedures, such as vertebrae, pelvis or sternal drilling, and can avoid bone penetration and damage to vital organs, nerves or blood vessels.

In order to achieve the above purposes, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a limit sleeve trepan is characterized in that the limit sleeve trepan comprises a motor, an internal trepan and at least one trepan sleeve; the trepan sleeve (110) is rigidly connected with the motor shell (208); the internal trepan is sleeved in the trepan sleeve through at least two bearings and is driven to rotate through a motor; the internal trepan comprises a trepan drill bit, a connecting rod shaft, a coupling A and a coupling fork pin; the trepan drill bit is arranged at one end of the connecting rod shaft, trepan saw teeth are arranged at the front end of the trepan drill bit and can extend out of the front end face of the trepan sleeve for a certain distance, and the other end of the connecting rod shaft is connected with the motor rotating shaft through a coupler A and a coupling fork pin.

The combined mechanism of the external trepan sleeve and the internal trepan ensures the safety protection, the bone drilling depth limitation, the anti-skid positioning and the complete bone flap removal of the drilled and sawed bone when the trepan drill bit which rotates at a high speed under the drive of the motor drills and saws the bone, and can be used for implementing animal skull bone defect model operation, clinical medicine skull opening operation and skull punching operation in medical research. The rigid connection can be through screw thread or snap connection.

As a preferred scheme of the invention, the ring saw with the limiting sleeve further comprises a fixed seat, and the ring saw sleeve is connected with the fixed seat through the sleeve fixed seat thread and the internal thread of the fixed seat; the fixed seat is rigidly connected with the motor shell through threads or buckles.

As a preferable scheme of the invention, the back end of the trepan drill bit is provided with a trepan drill bit screw boss, and correspondingly, the connecting rod shaft is provided with a nut notch matched with the trepan drill bit screw boss; the trepan drill bit is screwed in the nut notch in a screw boss mode. The screw-in structure allows the drill bit to be replaced.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, at least one front bearing is disposed between the trepan sleeve and the connecting rod shaft, and the front bearing is close to the rear end of the trepan drill. At least one rear bearing is arranged between the fixed seat and the connecting rod shaft, and the rear bearing is arranged at the front end part of the coupler A. In the trepan sleeve, the front bearing and the rear bearing can help to fix the built-in trepan, so that the built-in trepan can rotate to be concentric, and the length of the fixed sawteeth extending out of the trepan sleeve is ensured. The front bearing can be a sliding bearing or a ball bearing, and the front bearing enables the built-in trepan drill bit to stably rotate concentrically at a high speed. The sliding bearing is used in the front end region of the trepan, the diameter of the front end head of the trepan of the limiting sleeve is small, the working area which is as small as possible when the trepan is used for a drilling and sawing operation is guaranteed, and the effective working area of the trepan is easy to clean. The rear bearing is preferably a ball bearing, and because the connecting rod shaft of the sleeve trepan is connected with the motor end, the ball bearing is selected to be beneficial to the stability and the stressed friction of the rotating shaft during the high-speed rotation at a high-load position, and the depth of the working drilling saw limited by the trepan drill bit is locked, so that the trepan drill bit is prevented from retracting inwards or extending outwards excessively.

As a preferable scheme of the invention, a drill bit connecting rod shaft gap is arranged between the rear end of the trepan drill bit and the connecting rod shaft, and when the trepan drill bit is spirally screwed into the nut notch of the connecting rod shaft in a protruding mode, the drill bit connecting rod shaft gap can be adjusted by adding gaskets with different thicknesses, so that the cutting depth of the drill bit can be accurately controlled. A back bearing gap gasket is arranged between the back bearing and the front end part of the coupler A, the back bearing gap can be adjusted by adding gaskets with different thicknesses at the fixed position of the back bearing, and the depth of a trepan drill saw bone can be accurately controlled. In addition, the trepan sleeve fixing seat has a larger diameter of a joint part with the motor, and has the condition of using a ball bearing and a lip-shaped sealing ring.

As a preferred aspect of the present invention, a clearance gap is left between the inner wall of the trepan sleeve and the outer wall of the trepan drill bit to allow the outer wall of the trepan drill bit to rotate without contacting the inner wall of the trepan sleeve, the clearance gap may be in the order of microns or millimeters, and the clearance gap may be filled with air, saline, or a friction reducing material such as a self-lubricating polymer (when such a material is suitable for operation). The wall of the trepan sleeve is provided with a plurality of wind tunnels, and the wind tunnels provide airflow transmission when the built-in trepan rotates at a high speed so as to help the air inside the trepan to flow and cool during the high-speed rotation of the drill hole and facilitate the cleaning and washing of the inside of the trepan. The front end surface of the sleeve of the trepan saw sleeve is knurled to reduce the slippage of the surgical drill saw bone during working, and air flow and liquid flow of the end surface of the sleeve contacting with the working surface of the drill saw bone during drilling of the saw bone are provided.

As a preferred scheme of the invention, the motor comprises a motor shell, a motor rotating shaft and a coupling B; the coupling B is provided with a coupling B groove with a fan-shaped opening, the coupling A is butted with the coupling B, and the coupling fork pin is clamped in the coupling B groove. The limiting sleeve trepan is embedded and butted with a groove of a coupler B of the coupler A and the coupler B, so that the sleeve trepan is easy to load and unload. During actual assembling and disassembling operation, the coupler A can easily slide into the coupler B on the motor rotating shaft, the coupling fork shaft on the coupler A freely slides into the fan-shaped opening coupler B groove of the coupler B, and the fan-shaped modular embedded coupling connection is very easy to assemble and disassemble for user operation, and the embedded couplings of the coupler A and the coupler A do not need to be carefully aligned and adjusted, and only the threads of the motor of the fixed seat at the tail end of the sleeve trepan are screwed on the threads at the head end of the motor shell. The surface of the outer wall part of the sleeve can be knurled, so that the mounting and dismounting of the rotary trepan by bare hands during operation are facilitated.

As a preferred aspect of the present invention, the trepan sleeve may be composed of a plurality of segmented sleeves, and the depth of the trepan bone drill may be changed by adjusting the sleeves, that is, by increasing/decreasing the thread length of the sleeves by different lengths or by rotating the sleeves relative to one another, and then locking the sleeves by a positioning pin or a releasable button, that is, by changing the depth of the trepan bone drill. In one particular embodiment, the trepan sleeve comprises a front end sleeve and a main section trepan sleeve; the front end sleeve and the main section trepan sleeve are connected through the front end sleeve in a screwed mode through threads or in a bayonet locking mode through a positioning pin. The detachable front sleeve part and the built-in trepan drill bit are taken as effective working parts for performing the operation and can be conveniently taken down together for high-temperature sterilization and disinfection. The front sleeve is preferably made of a metal material, such as stainless steel. In addition, for the convenience of clinical operation and the requirement of different skull plate punching depths, the front sleeve part can be made into complete sets of spare parts with different sequence lengths by adopting plastic materials so as to be used for one time during the clinical operation.

As a preferred scheme of the invention, a telescopic protection structure is arranged at the head end of the limit sleeve trepan, and comprises a telescopic protection cover, a limit bolt and a spring; the telescopic protective cover is arranged between the trepan sleeve and the trepan drill bit; the limiting bolt penetrates through the trepan sleeve and is embedded into the guide groove of the telescopic protective cover; the telescopic protective cover can ensure that the trephine saw teeth are not exposed when the trephine saw teeth do not enter the working state of the drill saw. The trepan drill bit is wrapped in the additional telescopic protective cover in the non-working state, is coaxial with the sleeve and is wrapped by the trepan sleeve, and the telescopic protective cover and the target drilling and sawing depth, namely the drilling and sawing cutting depth equidistant telescopic space, are controlled by the limiting bolt. The telescopic protective cover can move along the longitudinal direction of the trephine sleeve relative to the trephine sleeve, so that the telescopic protective cover is pressed to retract when contacting the surface of the trephine saw bone, the front limiting gap moves backwards to be changed into a rear limiting gap, and the front edge of the trephine saw tooth is exposed; when the trephine drill bit is moved away from the trephine bone solid, the telescopic protective cover is reset and extends out under the action of the spring to shield the trephine saw teeth again, and therefore safety protection is achieved.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the combined mechanism of the external trepan sleeve and the internal trepan ensures the safety protection, the bone drilling depth limitation, the anti-skid positioning and the complete bone flap removal of the drilled and sawed bone when the trepan drill bit rotating at high speed under the drive of the motor drills the sawed bone.

2. The sleeve trepan and the motor shell are in rigid connection through threads or buckles, so that the limiting sleeve trepan and the motor form an integrated handheld electric tool; the internal trepan is in modular embedding coupling connection with the motor rotating shaft through the trepan drill bit through the connecting rod shaft and the coupling, and the module is blindly aligned and randomly embedded during assembly and disassembly, so that the trepan can be conveniently assembled and disassembled for cleaning and disinfection frequently. The coupler A and the coupling fork pin are embedded in a modularized mode, and the coupler B is provided with a coupler B groove with a fan-shaped opening, so that the mounting and dismounting are very easy, the alignment adjustment is not needed, and the ring saw is convenient to mount and dismount frequently; the surface of the outer wall part of the sleeve is knurled, so that the assembly and disassembly of the rotary trepan by bare hands during operation are facilitated.

3. The double-position bearings (the front bearing and the rear bearing) arranged in the trepan sleeve ensure that the internal trepan rotates stably and concentrically at a high speed under the drive of the motor, and ensure that the trepan drill bit rotating at a high speed is fixed and limited in the front and the rear directions, so that the trepan drill bit is prevented from retracting and extending out. Meanwhile, the trepan drill bit and the connecting rod shaft and the rear bearing and the coupler A are connected in an embedded mode to provide a matched gasket which can be used for precisely fine-adjusting the length of the saw teeth of the trepan extending out of the sleeve, namely, the precise depth of the drill saw bone is controlled.

4. The built-in trepan drill bit is screwed with the butt thread of the connecting rod shaft, so that the trepan drill bit is convenient to assemble and disassemble, and is convenient to clean and sterilize at high temperature independently.

5. The front end surface of the sleeve contacting with the working surface of the drill saw bone is made into a knurled surface, so that the working surface can be prevented from slipping when the drill saw bone is drilled, and the flow of a cooling cleaning solution at the local part of the drill saw bone is ensured; the wind tunnel on the trepan sleeve wall ensures the air flow transmission and cooling when the built-in trepan rotates at high speed.

6. The trepan sleeve consists of a front end sleeve and a main section trepan sleeve, and is connected by screwing through threads or locking through a bayonet of a positioning pin. The depth of the trepan for drilling the bone can be changed through sleeve adjustment; the detachable front sleeve and the built-in trepan drill bit are convenient to take down together to finish high-temperature sterilization and disinfection; the front sleeve part can be made into complete spare parts with different sequences and lengths by adopting plastic materials, and can meet the requirements of disposable convenient use of clinical operations and different skull plate punching depths.

7. A telescopic protective cover device is arranged between the trepan sleeve and the trepan drill bit, the extended elastic protective cover protects the trepan saw teeth from being exposed when the trepan drill bit is in a non-working state, and the protective cover is pressed to retract only when the trepan drill bit contacts with the entity on the surface of the trepan bone, so that the saw teeth are exposed; when the trepan drill bit leaves the working surface of the drill sawed bone solid, the protective cover pops up, and the saw teeth of the drill bit are shielded by the protective cover again, so that the safety protection of the electric drilling tool with partial safety is realized.

8. The invention realizes the standardization and the repeatability of skull bone defect and punching operation, has simple operation, easy implementation, safety, reliability, time saving, high efficiency and small operation wound, and provides operation technical guarantee for skull bone defect models of mice to large animals, clinical medicine skull opening operation and skull punching under the condition of general medical research laboratory.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the structure of embodiment 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an internal trepan structure according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is an exploded view of an inner ring saw according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a sectional view of embodiment 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a trepan sleeve according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a sectional view of an inner trepan in accordance with embodiment 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a sectional exploded view of an inner trepan in accordance with embodiment 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the structure of the saw head end of the spacing sleeve ring of embodiment 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a left side view of the endsaw head end of the stop sleeve of FIG. 9;

FIG. 11 is a schematic front end view of a sleeve of the trepan sleeve;

FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a trepan bit cross slot configuration;

FIG. 13 is a schematic view of the end of a circular saw with a retaining sleeve according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 14 is a right side view of the end of the stop sleeve trepan shown in FIG. 13;

FIG. 15 is a schematic view of coupler A and coupling yoke pins;

FIG. 16 is a partial schematic view of the motor shaft and housing;

FIG. 17 is a partial left side elevational view of the motor shaft and housing illustrated in FIG. 16;

FIG. 18 is a schematic view of the construction of the coupling B;

fig. 19 is a left side view of the coupling B shown in fig. 18;

fig. 20 is a schematic view of the corresponding positions of coupling a and coupling B;

FIG. 21 is a schematic view of the butt assembly of coupling A and coupling B;

FIG. 22 is a schematic structural view of example 3 of the present invention;

FIG. 23 is an exploded view of embodiment 3 of the present invention;

FIG. 24 is a cross-sectional view of the structure of the saw head end of the spacing sleeve ring of embodiment 3 of the invention;

FIG. 25 is a cross-sectional view of a trepan drill bit wrapped with a retaining sleeve trepan head end telescoping protection arrangement in accordance with an embodiment 4 of the present invention;

FIG. 26 is a cross-sectional view of the end of the trephine bit with the retractable guard structure of the stop sleeve according to embodiment 4 of the present invention shown with the trephine bit exposed;

FIG. 27 is a schematic view of a mouse skull diplopore definitive bone defect model;

FIG. 28 is a schematic view of a model of a mouse skull bone double-hole definitive bone defect filling artificial bone material;

FIG. 29 is a schematic representation of the skull structure of a mouse;

FIG. 30 is a cross-sectional view of the mouse skull structure prior to the stop sleeve ring saw cut;

FIG. 31 is a cross-sectional view of a mouse skull structure during trephine cutting of a stop collar;

FIG. 32 is a cross-sectional view of the structure of the mouse skull after the trephine cut with the stop collar;

FIG. 33 is a schematic view of a drill saw with a full flap of the skull removed.

Reference numbers in the figures: a stop sleeve trepan 100, a trepan drill bit 102, a link shaft 104, a coupler a106, a coupling fork pin 107, a front bearing 108, a trepan sleeve 110, a fixed seat 111, a rear bearing 112, an air tunnel 114, a cross slot 116, a trepan drill bit stud 118, a nut notch 120, a trepan cutting depth 122a, a shield extension length 122B, a clearance gap 124, a sleeve front end face 126, a drill bit link gap 128a, a rear bearing gap 128B, trepan teeth 130, a sleeve fixed seat screw 132, a fixed seat motor screw 134, a motor 200, a coupler B202, a coupler B groove 204, a motor shaft 206, a motor housing 208, a front end sleeve body 300, a front end sleeve 302, a front end sleeve screw 304, a main section trepan sleeve 306, a telescopic protection structure 400, a stop bolt 402, a telescopic protection cover 404, a spring 406, a skull seam 501, a bone defect 502, a parietal 503, artificial bone material 504, an external mold 505, scalp 506, dura 507, skull plate 508, brain 509.

Detailed Description

The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Example 1

The stop sleeve trepan shown in fig. 1-15 includes an inner trepan and a trepan sleeve 110; the internal trepan is sleeved in the trepan sleeve 110 and is driven to rotate by a motor; the inner trepan includes a trepan bit 102, a link shaft 104, a coupling a106, and a coupling clevis pin 107; the trepan drill 102 is arranged at one end of the connecting rod shaft 104, trepan saw teeth 130 are arranged at the front end of the trepan drill 102, the trepan saw teeth 130 can extend out of the foremost end of the trepan sleeve 110 for a certain distance, and the other end of the connecting rod shaft 104 is connected with the motor rotating shaft 206 through a coupling A106 and a coupling fork pin 107. The external trephine sleeve 110 protects the internal trephine from injuring the operator and surrounding tissue of the surgical site; the front end of the trepan sleeve can be tightly held by one hand as much as possible during operation, so that the trepan drill 102 can be stably aligned and held when drilling a saw bone.

The limit sleeve trepan also comprises a fixed seat 111, and the trepan sleeve 110 is connected with the fixed seat 111 through a sleeve fixed seat thread 132 and an internal thread of the fixed seat 111.

The back end of the trepan drill 102 is provided with a trepan drill screw boss 118, and correspondingly, the connecting rod shaft 104 is provided with a nut notch 120 matched with the trepan drill screw boss 118; the trepan drill bit stud 118 is threaded into the nut recess 120. The screw-in structure allows the drill bit to be replaced.

A front bearing 108 is disposed between the trepan sleeve 110 and the link shaft 104, the front bearing 108 being proximate the rear end of the trepan drill bit 102. A rear bearing 112 is provided between the fixed base 111 and the link shaft 104, and the rear bearing 112 is provided at the front end of the coupling a 106. Within the trepan sleeve 110, the front bearing 108 and the rear bearing 112 help secure the internal trepan. The front bearing 108 can be a sliding bearing, so that the built-in trepan drill bit can stably and concentrically rotate at a high speed, the diameter of the front end head of the trepan of the limiting sleeve is smaller, the smallest possible working area during the drilling and sawing operation is ensured, and the effective working area of the trepan is easy to clean; the front bearing 108 may also be a sealed ball bearing, such as a drill saw burr hole having a larger diameter or a drill saw surgical workspace having a size suitable for the procedure. The rear bearing 112 is a ball bearing, and because the link shaft 104 of the sleeve trepan is connected to the motor end, the ball bearing is selected to help stabilize and frictionally resist the shaft during high speed rotation in the high load position, and to lock the trepan bit to a limited depth of the work saw, preventing the trepan bit from retracting inward or extending excessively outward.

As shown in fig. 5, a bit shaft gap 128a is provided between the rear end of the trepan bit 102 and the shaft 104, a rear bearing gap 128b is provided between the rear bearing 112 and the front end of the coupling a106, and washers for precisely adjusting the depth 122a of the saw cut may be provided in both the bit shaft gap 128a and the rear bearing gap 128 b. The bit shaft clearance 128a may be adjusted by adding different thin and thick washers to precisely control the drill-saw cutting depth 122a as the trepan bit stud 118 is threaded into the nut notch 120 of the shaft 104. The rear bearing clearance 128b can be adjusted by adding different thin and thick washers at the rear bearing 112 fixing position, and the cutting depth of the drill saw can be controlled accurately. The trepan sleeve holder 111 has a large diameter at a portion coupled to the motor, and is provided with a ball bearing and a lip seal.

A clearance gap 124 is left between the inner wall of the trepan sleeve 110 and the outer wall of the trepan drill bit 102 to allow the trepan drill bit outer wall to rotate without contacting the trepan sleeve inner wall, the clearance gap 124 may be in the order of microns or millimeters, and the clearance gap may be filled with air, saline, or a friction reducing material, such as a self-lubricating polymer, when such material is suitable for operation. The wall of the trephine sleeve 110 is provided with a plurality of air tunnels 114, and the air tunnels 114 provide airflow transmission when the built-in trephine rotates at a high speed so as to help air flow and cooling inside the trephine during high-speed rotation of the drilled hole and facilitate cleaning and cleaning of the inside of the sleeve trephine. The sleeve front face 126 of the trepan sleeve 110 is knurled to reduce slippage during operation of the surgical drill saw and to provide air flow and fluid flow for the sleeve end face to contact the working surface of the drill saw.

Example 2

As shown in fig. 16 to 21, the motor 200 includes a motor housing 208, a motor shaft 206 and a coupling B202; the coupler B202 is provided with a coupler B groove 204 with a fan-shaped opening, the coupler A106 is butted with the coupler B202, and the coupling fork pin 107 is clamped in the coupler B groove 204. The limiting sleeve trepan is connected with the groove 204 of the coupling A106 and the coupling B in an embedded mode, so that the sleeve trepan is easy to load and unload. During actual assembling and disassembling operation, the coupler A106 can easily slide into the coupler B202 on the motor rotating shaft 206, the coupling fork shaft 107 on the coupler A freely slides into the fan-shaped opening coupler B groove 204 of the coupler B202, and the fan-shaped modular embedded coupling connection is very easy to assemble and disassemble for user operation, and the embedded coupling of the coupler A and the coupler A does not need to pay attention to alignment adjustment and only needs to connect the fixed seat motor thread 134 at the tail end of the sleeve trepan to the thread at the head end of the motor shell 208 in a screwing mode. The surface of the outer wall part of the sleeve can be knurled, so that the mounting and dismounting of the rotary trepan by bare hands during operation are facilitated.

Example 3

22-24, the trepan sleeve includes a front end sleeve 302 and a main section trepan sleeve 306; the front end sleeve 302 and the main section trepan sleeve 306 are threaded through the front end sleeve threads 304. The detachable front sleeve 302 and the built-in trepan drill 102 are used as effective working parts for performing the operation, and can be conveniently taken down together for high-temperature sterilization and disinfection. In addition, for the convenience of clinical operation and the requirement of different skull plate punching depths, the front sleeve 302 can be made of plastic materials to be made into complete sets of spare parts with different sequence lengths for one-time use in the clinical operation.

The rest is described with reference to example 1.

Example 4

As shown in fig. 25-26, a telescopic protection structure 400 is provided at the head end of the limit sleeve trepan, and the telescopic protection structure 400 includes a telescopic protection cover 404, a limit bolt 402 and a spring 406; the telescoping shield 404 is disposed between the trepan sleeve 110 and the trepan drill bit 102; the limit bolt 402 penetrates through the trepan sleeve 110 and is embedded into a guide groove of the telescopic protective cover 404; the extension length of the retractable guard is 122b, and the trepan drill 102 is wrapped inside the retractable guard 404 when not in operation. The telescoping shield 404 ensures that the trephine teeth 130 are not exposed when not in the drill saw operating state. The trephine bit 102 is encased in an additional telescoping protective shield 404 when not in operation, coaxial with the sleeve and wrapped around the trephine sleeve, with a spacer bolt 402 controlling the telescoping space equidistant from the target trephine depth, i.e., the trephine cutting depth 122 a. The telescoping protective cover can move relative to the trephine sleeve along its longitudinal direction such that the telescoping protective cover is compressed and retracted when it contacts the trephine bone surface, the front limit gap 408a is shifted back into a rear limit gap 408b, thereby exposing the trephine tooth leading edge; when the trephine bit is removed from the drill saw bone body, the retractable guard 404 is returned to extend by the spring 406 to re-shield the trephine teeth 130, thereby providing safety protection.

Example 5

As shown in figures 27-33, the ring saw for limiting the position of the sleeve is used for establishing a mouse skull double-hole limited bone defect model.

FIGS. 27-28 are schematic diagrams of a mouse skull diplopore definitive bone defect model.

FIG. 29 is a schematic representation of the skull structure of a mouse; from the outside to the inside, there is the scalp 506, the periosteum 505, the skull plate 508, the dura 507 and the brain. It is not easy to drill a bone defect of standard volume on the top of the spherical mound of the mouse skull. In any case, the dural tissue under the skull cannot be injured.

Figure 30 is a cross-sectional view of the mouse skull structure prior to the stop sleeve ring saw cut. The stop sleeve trepan 100 can very accurately define the depth to which the drill bit drills the bone, i.e., the drill bit cutting depth 122a, to cut a standard size skull bone defect.

FIG. 31 is a cross-sectional view of a mouse skull structure during a stop collar trepan cut. The trephine sleeve 110 of the stop sleeve trephine is stationary during the drill-saw operation, and it wraps around the internal rotary trephine bit, exposing only the trephine teeth 130 of the effective working depth of the drill-saw. The trepan sleeve 110 achieves three primary goals: protecting the operator from being damaged by the high-speed rotary trephine in the operation; setting a target drilling depth of the drill saw to prevent the dura mater from being damaged due to too deep; prevents the drill head of the surrounding tissues of the operation area from being wound and damaged, and simultaneously provides the operation stability of the drill saw head and the pulling and pulling force when drilling and sawing the bone.

FIG. 32 is a cross-sectional view of the mouse skull structure after the stop collar trepan cutting. The inner trephine bit 102 is limited in length to extend beyond the open end of the sleeve, allowing an operator to easily control the depth of the sawn bone without having to train a handle and control capability to ensure that the dura mater and brain tissue are not damaged during trephine surgery.

FIG. 33 is a schematic view of a drill saw with a full flap of the skull removed. The skull drilled and sawed is moved out for the complete bone flap, the bone flap can move back and be riveted and reset after the operation, and more time and money are saved. Ordinary laboratory technicians can easily master the bone drilling and sawing skill for developing the experimental animal skull double-hole limited bone defect model.

The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention; thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Although the reference numerals in the figures are used more here: a stop sleeve trepan 100, a trepan drill bit 102, a link shaft 104, a coupler a106, a coupling fork pin 107, a front bearing 108, a trepan sleeve 110, a fixed seat 111, a rear bearing 112, an air tunnel 114, a cross slot 116, a trepan drill bit stud 118, a nut notch 120, a trepan cutting depth 122a, a shield extension length 122B, a clearance gap 124, a sleeve front end face 126, a drill bit link gap 128a, a rear bearing gap 128B, trepan teeth 130, a sleeve fixed seat screw 132, a fixed seat motor screw 134, a motor 200, a coupler B202, a coupler B groove 204, a motor shaft 206, a motor housing 208, a front end sleeve body 300, a front end sleeve 302, a front end sleeve screw 304, a main section trepan sleeve 306, a telescopic protection structure 400, a stop bolt 402, a telescopic protection cover 404, a spring 406, a skull seam 501, a bone defect 502, a parietal 503, artificial bone material 504, an external mold 505, scalp 506, dura 507, skull plate 508, brain 509, etc., without excluding the possibility of using other terms; these terms are used merely to more conveniently describe and explain the nature of the present invention; they are to be construed as being without limitation to any additional limitations that may be imposed by the spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. A limit sleeve trepan, characterized in that it comprises a motor, an internal trepan and at least one trepan sleeve (110); the trepan sleeve (110) is rigidly connected with the motor shell (208); the internal trepan is sleeved in the trepan sleeve (110) through at least two bearings and is driven to rotate by a motor; the inner trepan includes a trepan drill bit (102), a link shaft (104), a coupling A (106), and a coupling cross pin (107); the trepan drill bit (102) is arranged at one end of the connecting rod shaft (104), trepan saw teeth (130) are arranged at the front end of the trepan drill bit (102), the trepan saw teeth (130) can extend out of the front end face (126) of the trepan sleeve for a certain distance, and the other end of the connecting rod shaft (104) is connected with the motor rotating shaft (206) through a coupler A (106) and a coupling fork pin (107).

2. The stop sleeve trepan of claim 1, further comprising a fixed seat (111), wherein the trepan sleeve (110) is connected with the fixed seat (111) through a sleeve fixed seat thread (132) and an internal thread of the fixed seat (111); the fixed seat (111) is rigidly connected with the motor shell (208) through threads or buckles.

3. The stop collar trepan of claim 1, wherein the back end of the trepan drill bit (102) is provided with a trepan drill bit stud (118), and correspondingly, the connecting rod shaft (104) is provided with a nut notch (120) matched with the trepan drill bit stud (118); the trepan drill bit stud (118) is screwed into the nut recess (120).

4. The stop sleeve trepan of claim 2, wherein at least one front bearing (108) is disposed between the trepan sleeve (110) and the link shaft (104), the front bearing (108) being proximate to a rear end of the trepan drill bit (102).

5. A stop sleeve trepan according to claim 4, characterized in that at least one rear bearing (112) is provided between the holder (111) and the link shaft (104), the rear bearing (112) being provided at the front end of the coupling A (106).

6. The stop sleeve ring saw of claim 5, wherein a bit shaft gap (128a) is provided between the rear end of the saw bit (102) and the shaft (104), a rear bearing gap (128b) is provided between the rear bearing (112) and the front end of the coupling A (106), and washers are provided in the bit shaft gap (128a) and the rear bearing gap (128b) for precisely adjusting the cutting depth (122a) of the saw bit.

7. The stop-sleeve trepan of claim 1, wherein the trepan sleeve (110) comprises a front-end sleeve (302) and a main-section trepan sleeve (306); the front end sleeve (302) and the main section trepan sleeve (306) are connected through screwing of a front end sleeve thread (304) or bayonet locking of a positioning pin; the front sleeve (302) is made of plastic.

8. The stop collar trepan of claim 1, wherein a clearance gap (124) is left between the inner wall of the trepan collar (110) and the outer wall of the trepan bit (102), and air, saline or an antifriction material is filled in the clearance gap (124); the wall of the trepan sleeve (110) is provided with a plurality of wind tunnels (114); the front end surface (126) of the trepan sleeve (110) is knurled.

9. The stop sleeve trepan of claim 1, wherein the motor (200) comprises a motor housing (208), a motor shaft (206), and a coupling B (202); a coupler B groove (204) with a fan-shaped opening is formed in the coupler B (202), the coupler A (106) is butted with the coupler B (202), and the coupling fork pin (107) is clamped in the coupler B groove (204).

10. The limit sleeve trepan of claim 1, wherein a telescopic protection structure (400) is provided at the head end of the limit sleeve trepan, the telescopic protection structure (400) comprising a telescopic protection cover (404), a limit bolt (402) and a spring (406); the telescopic protective cover (404) is arranged between the trepan sleeve (110) and the trepan drill bit (102); the limiting bolt (402) penetrates through the trepan sleeve (110) and is embedded into a guide groove of the telescopic protective cover (404); the trepan drill bit (102) is wrapped in the telescopic protective cover (404) when the trepan drill bit is not in the working state.