Background
With the increasing global warming and energy crisis, new energy automobiles have become a necessary trend to replace existing fuel automobiles. The permanent magnet synchronous motor becomes the first choice of the driving motor of the new energy automobile due to the characteristics of high torque density, high efficiency, high power density and the like.
Because the permanent magnet in the permanent magnet synchronous motor can not change the intensity of magnetism according to the position and the state of the motor, in the circumferential running process, the magnetic poles of the magnet can generate different attractive forces on the stator teeth and the slots, the attractive forces with different magnitudes can lead to torque fluctuation when the rotor rotates, the fluctuation can lead to vibration and noise of the motor running, and particularly for a high-power motor, the vibration and noise generated by the reason are obvious. I.e. the cogging torque of a permanent magnet synchronous motor due to the characteristics of the permanent magnet rotor will cause vibrations and noise of the motor.
To reduce motor noise and vibration, cogging torque is required to be reduced when the motor is running. The rotor sectionalized staggered pole is one of simple and effective measures for reducing cogging torque and torque pulsation, thereby reducing electromagnetic vibration. For example, chinese patent application publication No. 105305678a proposes a permanent magnet synchronous motor segmented oblique pole positioning rotor, the rotor adopts built-in radial topology; chinese patent application publication number 105262302a proposes a rotor skewed pole structure, the rotor still adopts built-in radial topology, the rotor axially segments skewed poles to reduce cogging torque.
The basic idea of the rotor segmented oblique pole is to divide the rotor axial direction into a plurality of sections, and the magnetic steel 11 on each section is staggered by a certain angle, as shown in fig. 1 (the motor rotor axial direction in fig. 1 is divided into 4 sections, and each section is staggered by a certain angle). The measures are simple and feasible, and the structure process is simplified, but the problem is that the rotor is inclined on one side, and an axial electromagnetic component force can be generated, so that the motor axially moves. To eliminate the axial magnetic component of the rotor, the magnetic steels 21 on the multiple axial sections of the rotor may be staggered in a chevron shape, as shown in fig. 2.
Although the rotor pole-staggering method can reduce the torque fluctuation and the cogging torque of the motor, the torque fluctuation attenuation is not obvious for 2 times q times m times and q times m times of output torque (wherein m is the number of phases and q is the number of slots per pole per phase); these special frequency multiples are often the source of poor motor NVH (Noise, vibration, harshness, i.e., noise, vibration and harshness) performance.
In addition, the magnetic steel pole-staggering structure shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2 also enables each power section of the rotor not to be symmetrically distributed along the central line of the rotating shaft, so that a torsional vibration effect exists in the running process of the motor rotor, and the NVH problem of the motor is also caused.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem that the NVH performance of the magnetic steel staggered pole structure in the motor rotor is poor in special frequency multiplication times, the embodiment of the invention provides an oblique pole rotor and a permanent magnet synchronous motor.
The technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention for solving the technical problems is that the rotor comprises a rotating shaft and a rotor core arranged on the rotating shaft, wherein the rotor core comprises a plurality of rotor segments which are adjacently arranged along the axial direction of the rotating shaft, each rotor segment is provided with a plurality of magnetic steel units which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft, and the magnetization directions of the adjacent magnetic steel units are opposite; the rotor segments are distributed in a staggered manner in a manner of bilateral symmetry along the cross section of the axial center of the rotating shaft, and the maximum oblique polar angle of the oblique polar structure formed by the rotor segments is betweenAnd the rotor sections with the same magnetization direction and the same center line of the magnetic steel units are regarded as the same type of rotor sections, and z is the number of stator slots of the motor where the oblique pole rotor is positioned.
Preferably, the rotor core comprises 5 to 10 rotor segments.
Preferably, the plurality of rotor segments include a first rotor segment located at an end of the rotor core in an axial direction, a second rotor segment located at a center of the rotor core in an axial direction, and a third rotor segment located between the first rotor segment and the second rotor segment; the center lines of the magnetic steel units with the same magnetization directions in the third rotor section and the first rotor section are staggered by a first preset angle, the center lines of the magnetic steel units with the same magnetization directions in the second rotor section and the first rotor section are staggered by a second preset angle, and the first preset angle is not zero.
Preferably, the first axial end of the third rotor segment is connected to the first rotor segment, the second axial end of the third rotor segment is connected to the second rotor segment, and the second preset angle is smaller than the first preset angle.
Preferably, the second preset angle is zero.
Preferably, the plurality of rotor segments further includes two fourth rotor segments, each of the fourth rotor segments is located between the first rotor segment and the third rotor segment, center lines of magnetic steel units with the same magnetization direction in the fourth rotor segment and the first rotor segment are staggered by a third preset angle, the third preset angle is smaller than the first preset angle, and the third preset angle is not zero.
Preferably, a first axial end of each of said fourth rotor segments interfaces with said first rotor segment and a second axial end of said fourth rotor segment interfaces with a first end of said third rotor segment; the third preset angle is larger than the second preset angle.
Preferably, the second end of the third rotor segment in the axial direction is connected with the second rotor segment, and the second preset angle is not zero.
Preferably, each rotor segment is formed by punching and stacking silicon steel sheets; each magnetic steel unit on each rotor segment is divided into two layers or three layers along the radial direction, and each layer comprises magnetic steel, an auxiliary air groove and a magnetic bridge; the magnetization directions of two or three magnetic steels of the same magnetic steel unit are the same.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a permanent magnet synchronous motor which comprises a stator and the oblique pole rotor.
According to the oblique pole rotor and the permanent magnet synchronous motor, the phase-staggering angles of the homopolar magnetic steel in each rotor section forming the rotor core are symmetrically distributed according to the axial center of the rotor core, so that harmonic components of specific frequency doubling times in the motor output torque can be effectively restrained, and further NVH performance of the motor is optimized. Compared with the traditional staggered pole mode, the invention can obviously inhibit the rotor torsional vibration effect and further improve the NVH performance of the motor.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 3, the structure of the skewed pole rotor provided by the embodiment of the invention is schematic, and the skewed pole rotor can be applied to a permanent magnet synchronous motor and can inhibit harmonic components of specific frequency multiplication times in the output torque of the motor. The skewed pole rotor of this embodiment includes a rotating shaft and a rotor core mounted to the rotating shaft, which may be stamped and laminated from silicon steel sheets, similar to the existing rotor. Of course, in practical applications, the rotor core may be formed by other means.
The rotor core comprises a plurality of rotor sections which are adjacently arranged along the axial direction, the rotor sections are annular, a plurality of magnetic steel units which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft are respectively arranged on each rotor section, and the magnetization directions of the adjacent magnetic steel units are opposite. The rotor segments are staggered in a manner of bilateral symmetry along the cross section of the axial center of the rotating shaft (the cross section passes through the midpoint of the rotating shaft and is perpendicular to the rotating shaft), the staggered pole angles of the rotor segments can be non-uniformly increased or decreased at each side of the cross section, and the maximum inclined pole angle of the inclined pole structure formed by the rotor segments is betweenIn the above, n is the number of types of rotor segments in the rotor core, and the rotor segments with the same magnetization direction and the same center line of the magnetic steel unit are considered to be the same type of rotor segments (for example, the first rotor segment 31 and the second rotor segment 32 shown in fig. 3 are considered to be the same type), and z is the number of stator slots of the motor in which the skewed pole rotor is located.
According to the oblique pole rotor, the central lines of the magnetic steel units with the same magnetization direction in each rotor section are symmetrically distributed according to the axial center of the rotor core (namely the cross section of the axial center of the rotating shaft), so that harmonic components of specific frequency doubling times in the motor output torque can be restrained, and the NVH performance of the motor can be optimized.
The structure of the oblique pole rotor can be applied to the existing permanent magnet motor, and correspondingly, the rotor core can comprise 5-10 rotor segments.
Specifically, among the plurality of rotor segments of the rotor core, a first rotor segment 31 located at an end portion in the axial direction of the rotor core (one first rotor segment 31 is located at each end portion), a second rotor segment 32 located at a center in the axial direction of the rotor core (two second rotor segments 32 are located at the center in the axial direction of the rotor core if the total number of rotor segments of the rotor core is even), and a third rotor segment 33 located between the first rotor segment 31 and the second rotor segment 32 are included. In practice, the third rotor segment 33 may be directly connected to the first rotor segment 31, or the third rotor segment 33 may be connected to the first rotor segment 31 via other rotor segments; likewise, the third rotor segment 33 may be directly interfaced with the second rotor segment 32, or the third rotor segment 33 may be interfaced with the second rotor segment 32 via other rotor segments.
The center lines of the magnetic steel units with the same magnetization direction in the two first rotor segments 31 are positioned on the same straight line, the center lines of the magnetic steel units with the same magnetization direction in each third rotor segment 33 and the first rotor segment 31 are staggered by a first preset angle alpha, the center lines of the magnetic steel units with the same magnetization direction in the second rotor segment 32 and the first rotor segment 31 are staggered by a second preset angle alpha, and the first preset angle alpha is not zero.
Each rotor segment can be formed by punching and stacking silicon steel sheets; each magnetic steel unit on each rotor segment is divided into two layers or three layers along the radial direction, and each layer comprises magnetic steel, an auxiliary air groove and a magnetic bridge; the magnetization directions of the three magnetic steels of the same magnetic steel unit are the same. The multi-layer air grooves and the multi-layer magnetic steel can increase the salient pole ratio, namely the proportion of reluctance torque components is increased, so that the torque density of the motor is improved.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the total number of rotor segments of the rotor core is six, at this time, the first axial end of the third rotor segment 33 is connected to the first rotor segment 31, the second axial end of the third rotor segment 33 is connected to the second rotor segment 32, and the second preset angle is smaller than the first preset angle α, that is, the centers of the magnetic steel units with the same magnetization direction in each rotor segment in the skewed pole rotor are in a W-shaped staggered distribution.
Taking an 8-pole 48-slot motor as an example, the effect on 6-and 12-frequency harmonic components after changing the first preset angle α is shown in table 1.
|
In conventional manner |
First embodiment |
Torque ripple 6 double frequency component (Nm) |
1.76 |
0.92 |
Torque ripple 12 frequency multiplication component (Nm) |
5.24 |
3.39 |
Table 1: as can be seen from table 1, the six-segment type skewed pole rotor adopting the staggered pole structure according to the embodiment of the invention has significantly suppressed torque harmonic components of 2×q×m times and q×m times in the motor output torque (where m is the number of phases and q is the number of slots per pole per phase).
Meanwhile, as shown in table 2, the six-section oblique pole rotor with the staggered pole structure can well reduce the torsion effect generated by the motor rotor on the shaft, and further optimize the NVH performance of the power assembly.
|
Conventional method |
First embodiment |
First order torsional vibration (amplitude/mms-1) |
0.57 |
0.10 |
Second order torsional vibration (amplitude/mms-1) |
0.43 |
0.10 |
Table 2: torsional vibration of conventional staggered pole structure and staggered pole structure of first embodiment
For simplifying the structure, the center lines of the magnetic steel units with the same magnetization direction in the second rotor segment 32 and the first rotor segment 31 can be overlapped, that is, the second preset angle is zero, that is, the center lines of the magnetic steel units with the same magnetization direction in the first rotor segment 31 and the second rotor segment 32 are positioned on the same straight line.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a skewed pole rotor according to a second embodiment of the invention. The oblique pole rotor in the embodiment also comprises a rotating shaft and a rotor core, the rotor core comprises a plurality of rotor sections which are adjacently arranged along the axial direction, a plurality of magnetic steel units which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft are respectively arranged on each rotor section, and the magnetization directions of the adjacent magnetic steel units are opposite. The rotor core in the present embodiment includes eight rotor segments in which two fourth rotor segments 44 respectively located between the first rotor segment 41 and the third rotor segment 43 are included in addition to the first rotor segment 41 located at an end portion in the axial direction of the rotor core, the second rotor segment 42 located at a center in the axial direction of the rotor core, and the third rotor segment 43 located between the first rotor segment 41 and the second rotor segment 42.
The center lines of the magnetic steel units with the same magnetization direction in the third rotor section 43 and the first rotor section 41 are offset by a first preset angle β, the center lines of the magnetic steel units with the same magnetization direction in the second rotor section 42 and the first rotor section 41 are offset by a second preset angle, and the center lines of the magnetic steel units with the same magnetization direction in the fourth rotor section 44 and the first rotor section 41 are offset by a third preset angle smaller than the first preset angle β.
In particular, the second preset angle may be smaller than the third preset angle, that is, the centers of the magnetic steel units with the same magnetization direction in each rotor segment of the skewed pole rotor in the embodiment are also in W-shaped staggered distribution.
Specifically, the fourth rotor section 44 is connected to the first rotor section 41 at a first axial end thereof, and the fourth rotor section 44 is connected to the third rotor section 43 at a second axial end thereof. In particular, the second axial end of the third rotor segment 43 meets the second rotor segment 42, and the second predetermined angle is non-zero.
As shown in table 3, the eight-segment skewed pole rotor adopting the above structure can also significantly suppress the 2×q×m times and q×m times torque harmonic components in the motor output torque (where m is the number of phases and q is the number of slots per pole per phase).
|
In conventional manner |
Second embodiment |
Torque ripple 6 double frequency component (Nm) |
1.76 |
1.29 |
Torque ripple 12 frequency multiplication component (Nm) |
5.24 |
1.04 |
Table 3: effects of conventional and second embodiment mispolar Structure on specific times of Torque ripple
As shown in Table 4, the eight-section oblique pole rotor with the structure can also well reduce the torsion effect generated by the motor rotor on the shaft, thereby optimizing the NVH performance of the power assembly.
|
Conventional method |
First embodiment |
First order torsional vibration (amplitude/mms-1) |
0.57 |
0.10 |
Second order torsional vibration (amplitude/mms-1) |
0.43 |
0.30 |
Table 4: torsional vibration of conventional staggered pole structure and staggered pole structure of second embodiment
In addition, the rotor core of the skewed pole rotor of the embodiment of the invention can also comprise other rotor segments with different numbers, so long as the center line phase-to-phase angle of the magnetic steel units with the same magnetization direction meets the structure in the embodiment, harmonic components of specific frequency doubling times in the output torque of the motor can be restrained, and the NVH performance of the motor is optimized.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a permanent magnet synchronous motor which can output torque to related equipment and has good NVH performance. The permanent magnet synchronous motor in this embodiment includes a stator and a skewed pole rotor as described above.
The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily understood by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.