CN109507734B - Method for comparing single sand bodies in offshore oilfield composite sand body - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for comparing single sand bodies in a composite sand body of an offshore oilfield. It comprises the following steps: measuring a section of the composite sand body between the wells of the offshore oil field transversely cutting the long axis direction of the sediment body to obtain a backbone section of the composite sand body; selecting the middle-term or short-term gyre flooding surface shale top surface of the composite sand body aiming at the selected backbone profile to obtain an isochronous interface with the flooding surface shale top surface being leveled; leveling the isochronous interface, and dividing the development period of the composite sand body in the vertical direction according to the data of earthquake, well logging and well data of a single well; on the basis of dividing the development period, identifying the lateral boundary of the composite sand body between wells according to the sensitive earthquake attribute; and analyzing the internal structure of the composite sand body according to the development period in the vertical direction and the lateral boundary of the composite sand body, and obtaining the comparison of the single sand body in the composite sand body. The invention can provide the structural relation in the sand body; and by combining the seismic data of the offshore oil field, the relationship of sand bodies among wells can be accurately depicted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for comparing single sand bodies in a composite sand body of an offshore oilfield, and belongs to the field of oil and gas field development.
Background
At present, in the exploration and development process of an oil field, the phenomenon that an oil production well close to a water injection well is not effective, and an oil production well far away from the water injection well is good in connectivity often occurs. It has been found that most laterally stable spread sand bodies are actually composite sand bodies that are stable in distribution. The composite sand body is formed by the way that in the deposition and evolution process of rivers and delta, due to the change of factors such as a reference surface, terrain gradient and hydrodynamic condition, the riverway and a sand dam continuously move and swing in the vertical direction and the lateral direction, and are combined and superposed in space. The composite sand body is formed by splicing and superposing a plurality of single sand bodies. The single sand body refers to a sand body which has the same cause, has a single phase in the same microphase, has similar sediment hydrodynamic conditions and has no great change in water flow direction. Due to the fact that the waste riverways and the sand bodies are combined, spliced and superposed, the internal structure of the composite sand body is complex, and the reservoir heterogeneity is strong, so that a universal development configuration interface, namely an oil-gas-water seepage barrier, is formed between the internal configuration units of the composite sand body. Therefore, the research of the single sand bodies in the composite sand body plays an important guiding role in analyzing the space superposition relationship and the reservoir connectivity of the internal units and indicates the direction for the excavation of the residual oil.
Sand contrast is the manifestation of the configuration on a profile and is a reservoir configuration contrast method focused on the comparative analysis of depositional features. Three problems exist in the traditional sand body contrast: the sand bodies of the small layer or unit are communicated, and the deposition cause and the internal structure relationship are not reflected. Secondly, the reliability of the inter-well comparison depends on the density of the well pattern, the smaller the well spacing is, the higher the reliability is, and the multi-solution is high under the condition of large well spacing on the sea. And thirdly, the timeliness of the sand bodies between wells is to be examined. The traditional comparison method can only show the spatial distribution of sand bodies, and is difficult to show the sand body level, so that reservoir prediction and evaluation are realized. The fundamental limitation is that the method cannot solve the problem of heterogeneity inside the reservoir, and analyze the internal structure, connectivity and injection-production receiving relationship of the reservoir sand body, so that the graph drawn by the method is inconvenient to apply and practice in the later stage of offshore oilfield development.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for comparing single sand bodies in a composite sand body of an offshore oilfield, which comprehensively utilizes logging and seismic data on the basis of reasonable equal-time interface selection of the composite sand body, adopts a sand body comparison method based on seismic attribute guidance to depict inter-well characteristics, and restrains a configuration interface of a few-well and no-well area by means of the seismic data to realize the comparison of the composite sand body of the offshore oilfield.
The invention provides a method for comparing single sand bodies in a composite sand body of an offshore oilfield, which comprises the following steps: (1) selecting a backbone section: measuring a section of the composite sand body between the wells of the offshore oil field transversely cutting the long axis direction of the sediment body to obtain a backbone section of the composite sand body;
(2) selecting an isochronous interface: selecting the middle-term or short-term gyrating top surface of the flood surface shale of the composite sand body aiming at the backbone profile selected in the step (1) to obtain an isochronous interface with the top surface of the flood surface shale being leveled;
(3) dividing the composite sand body in a vertical stage: leveling the isochronous interface of the top surface of the flood surface mudstone, and dividing the development period of the composite sand body in the vertical direction according to the data of earthquake, well logging and well data of a single well;
(4) identifying the lateral boundary of the composite sand body: on the basis of dividing the development period in the step (3), identifying the lateral boundary of the composite sand body between wells according to the sensitive seismic attribute;
(5) and (3) comprehensive comparison: and (4) analyzing the internal structure of the composite sand body according to the lateral boundaries of the composite sand body obtained in the step (3) and the vertical development period and the step (4), and obtaining the comparison of the single sand body in the composite sand body.
In the step (1), the single well in the profile is a vertical well and/or a directional well, and the well spacing is 100-1000 m.
In the method, the conditions for selecting the top surface of the flood surface mudstone are as follows: and selecting a set of regionally sedimentary flooding mudstone sections on the upper part of the composite sand body as a regional sedimentary isochronous interface, wherein the interface corresponds to a set of stronger seismic reflection event, and the seismic event is stable in shape and does not change along with the change of the seismic wave frequency.
In the step (3), the division of the composite sand body in the vertical direction includes the following steps: 1) dividing a single well period into two parts: analyzing the thickness, lithology, well logging curve form and amplitude change of the single sand body in the composite sand body on each single well in the backbone profile by combining earthquake, well logging and well data, and distinguishing the structure type and period of the composite sand body on the single well; 2) dividing the well-connecting section period into a plurality of sections: and (2) combining the sand body period identified on the single well in the step 1), placing the sand body period under the height difference constraint between the leveled equal-time interface of the flood surface shale top surface and the sand body top surface of the backbone profile, and analyzing the vertical period of the backbone profile composite sand body.
When the thickness of different parts of each well drilling meeting the composite sand body is measured in the step (3) -1) of the method, the standard for distinguishing vertical two-stage sand bodies on a single well is as follows: the single-stage sand body is a sand body with the thickness of more than 2 meters and the granularity of coarser than that of the siltstone; the lithologic section with lithology finer than that of the argillaceous siltstone and thickness greater than 0.5 m is an interlayer between the upper sand body and the lower sand body.
In the step (3) -2), dividing the vertical period of the sand body according to the standard of the following formula I, and analyzing to obtain the vertical period of the composite sand body on the section;
i H2-H1I/H is not less than 1/3 formula I
In the formula I, | H2-H1| represents the height difference, and H represents the sand body thickness.
The identification step of the lateral boundary of the composite sand body in the step (4) of the method is as follows: 1) extracting sensitive seismic attributes capable of reflecting the transverse discontinuity of seismic data in a target layer range, and predicting the plane distribution of a discontinuous boundary in a reservoir; 2) calibrating mudstone with the thickness of more than 15 meters on the horizontal well and sensitive seismic attributes, and verifying the accuracy and the reasonableness of the seismic attributes on the prediction of the discontinuous boundary; 3) and (5) guiding the sand body lateral boundary division by taking the attribute as space guidance.
The method takes a high-resolution sequence stratigraphic theory as guidance, takes the flood mudstone at the middle-term cycle or the short-term cycle end as an isochronous interface, analyzes the vertical development characteristics of the sand body by combining well logging and seismic information according to the height difference between the top of the sand body and the isochronous interface, determines the vertical phase of the composite sand body, identifies the lateral boundary of the composite sand body under the navigation of the optimized sensitive attribute, finally, comprehensively analyzes to realize the comparison of the composite sand body of the offshore oilfield, has more objective and fine sand body division comparison results, and reduces the multi-solution property.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention provides a composite sand body identification comparison method aiming at the current situation of offshore oilfield data, which analyzes the internal structural relationship of sand bodies; 2. the sand relation among wells is accurately depicted by fully combining the seismic data of offshore oil fields. In conclusion, the method can be widely applied to the contrast division of the single sand bodies in the composite sand body of the offshore oilfield so as to be applied to the exploration and development of the offshore oilfield.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a selected backbone profile in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of an isochronous interface of a sand unit A;
FIG. 4 is a comparative view of a sand body backbone section well connection in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of sensitive seismic attributes in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of the calibrated sand boundary of the A sand horizontal well in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a sand body contrast comprehensive analysis chart of the sand body backbone section A in the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and examples, which should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Examples of the following,
The invention relates to a method for comparing single sand bodies in a composite sand body of an offshore oilfield, which is further explained by taking a sand body A of a Bohai sea BZ oilfield in the eastern China as an example.
The lower section of the BZ oilfield brightening ballast group is a diversion sand dam type shallow water deltaic phase sedimentary stratum, the oil group grade is equivalent to the medium-term gyratory scale, and 23 wells are arranged in the range of A sand bodies.
Aiming at the lower section III oil group target composite sand body of the sand body brightening ballast group A in the area, the invention adopts the following technical scheme to compare the composite sand bodies:
firstly, backbone section selection. The backbone section satisfies (1) the section is vertical to the direction of the object source, namely transverse to the long axis direction of the sediment body; (2) the single well in the section is mainly a straight well and a directional well, and the well distance is 100-1000 m. The study selected a well tie a1-a2-A3-a4, which was vertical to the source direction, with well spacing of an average of hundreds of meters, and was dominated by directional wells, as shown in fig. 2.
And secondly, selecting an isochronous interface. The top surface of the mud rock of the flood surface which is circled in the middle period or the short period is selected as an isochronous interface, so that the interface corresponds to a set of stronger seismic reflection event, and the seismic event has stable shape and does not change along with the change of the seismic wave frequency. And establishing a rotation comparison and division scheme of the oil group II and the oil group III in the BZ oil field, and screening an isochronous interface which accords with the sand body deposition distribution rule A. According to the characteristics of strong isochronism, stable distribution and easy recognition of well vibration of the flood mudstone on the upper part of the circumgyrate stratum of the facies reference surface of the delta, the short-term circumgyrate flood surface can be leveled up to be used as an isochronism reference. According to the sedimentary facies type of the sand body A and the response characteristic analysis of seismic data, taking a backbone section A1-A2-A3-A4 as an example, the GR curve values of 4 wells at the interface are obviously increased, the shale content is increased, and the short-term cycle flood surface mudstone is easy to identify on the well from the logging curve; meanwhile, the earthquake is easy to identify, the wave impedance difference between the set of mudstone and the sandstone on the upper part and the lower part of the mudstone is obvious, the earthquake reflection energy is strong, and the regional distribution is stable, as shown in figure 3. Thus, the short-term convoluted flood plane may act as an isochronous interface with sand A.
Thirdly, dividing the composite sand body into a plurality of vertical periods. And leveling the isochronous interface selected in the step two, and dividing the development period of the target sand body in the vertical direction by combining the comprehensive research of earthquake, well logging and well data of a single well.
Taking a backbone section A1-A2-A3-A4 as an example, firstly analyzing the single well period of the backbone section, wherein the A1 well is thick at the top and thin at the bottom, the thickness is nearly 20 meters, the GR and Rt curves of upper and lower sand bodies have obvious difference, and the later sand body part is laterally overlapped at the edge of the early sand body, so A1 is two periods; a2 is bell-shaped, the upper and lower thicknesses are similar, the thickness is more than 10 m, and the late sand body is vertically superposed on the early sand body, so A2 is two stages; the GR curve of the A3 well is that the thickness of an interlayer in the middle of two bell-shaped superposed single-stage sand bodies is less than 2m, which indicates that the upper thin sand body is the edge part of the nearby sand body, but the thickness of the well drilling sand body is less than 10 m, and the thickness of the upper part is thinner and less than 2m, which has no obvious influence on the whole layering, so the A3 is determined as a first stage; a4 wells were less than 5 meters thick and were typical single-stage sand bodies. Secondly, the well-connecting section is divided for a plurality of times, under the constraint of elevation difference, the deposition time of the upper sand bodies of A1 and A2 is similar to that of the sand bodies of A3 and A4 in the backbone section, the distance difference of sand tops of two stages is H2-H1 which is 10 m through a single well, the ratio of the distance difference to the sand bodies at the bottom is obviously larger than 1/3, the section is proved to be the vertical superposition of the sand bodies of the 2-stage, and the vertical period of the composite sand body is shown in figure 4.
And fourthly, identifying the lateral boundary of the composite sand body. On the basis of the vertical stage subdivision of the composite sand bodies in the third step, the lateral boundaries of the composite sand bodies among wells are identified by means of preferred sensitive attributes:
(1) sensitive seismic attributes capable of reflecting the transverse discontinuity of seismic data are extracted in the range of the target layer, and the plane distribution of the discontinuous boundary in the reservoir is predicted. As shown in fig. 5, sensitive seismic attributes used to predict discontinuous boundary distributions within a reservoir are extracted for BZ field a sand. The abnormal values in the seismic attributes reflect the positions of sudden changes of seismic waveforms, amplitudes, frequencies and the like in seismic data, so that the distribution of the abnormal bands of the plane seismic attributes can be used for reflecting the distribution of seepage bands which have a control effect on fluid flow in a sand unit, and have a control effect on the internal structure of a composite sand body.
(2) And calibrating the mudstone with the thickness of more than 15 meters on the horizontal well and the sensitive seismic attribute, and verifying the accuracy and the reasonability of the seismic attribute on the discontinuous boundary prediction. Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the calibration for the BZ field a sand a10H horizontal well. The bottom graph is the preferred sensitivity attribute and A10H shows 4 distinct demarcations on the sensitivity attribute graph. According to the well logging curve and result explanation of the horizontal well, the A10H well has the advantages that a large set of sandstone develops in a horizontal interval and just clamps 4 sections of thick-layer mudstones or poor oil layers and the like, the thickness is about 20-120 m, the 4 mudstones are obviously returned in the well logging curve, the obvious response is also realized in the earthquake, the well earthquake is good in correspondence, and the result of the sensitive property on the discontinuous boundary line prediction is accurate and reliable.
(3) And (3) taking the attribute as space guide, guiding the sand body lateral boundary division to calibrate the sensitive attribute by using a horizontal well. 9 boundaries were identified on the seismic profile and preferred susceptibility attribute of A1-A2-A3-A4, respectively, as shown in FIG. 7. The two have a high degree of correspondence, and the boundary on the seismic section has a cut, a dislocation, an amplitude intensity variation, and the like, which correspond to the boundary on the attribute map. For example, the boundary lines 1 and 9 are the boundaries of the composite sand body of the section, which are most clear on the preferred sensitive attribute graph and have the maximum display intensity; the strength of the boundaries 2, 3, 5 in seismic section and preferred sensitivity attributes is inferior; the boundaries 4, 6, 7, 8 are weak but are identifiable on the seismic section, with the correspondence being invisibly visible on the preferred sensitivity attribute. By comparing these 9 borderlines, the analysis of the lateral boundaries of the diaphyseal section is completed.
And fifthly, comprehensively comparing. And (4) integrating the vertical phase and the lateral boundary identified in the third step and the fourth step, and analyzing the comparison of the single sand bodies in the composite sand body.
Combining the vertical period sub-division and the lateral boundary identification of the composite sand body in the third step and the fourth step, and analyzing the boundary lines 1 and 9 as the boundaries of the composite sand body; the boundary line 2 is a contact type boundary of the sand bodies a and c, and the seismic axis has obvious stretching and dislocation; the boundary lines 3, 4 and 5 have high seismic axis amplitude strength, and by combining the characteristic that A2 is vertically overlapped with a sand body developed between A1 and A2 and the characteristic that the overlapping degree of the A2 sand body is higher, the sand bodies c, d and e are laterally overlapped and contacted in a cutting way, the whole sand body f is vertically overlapped, the boundary lines 2 and 4 are the left and right boundaries of the sand body c, the boundary lines 3 and 5 are the boundaries of the sand body d, and the boundary line 6 is thinned towards the east of the seismic axis, so the boundary lines 4 and 6 are the boundaries of the sand body e, and the boundary lines 3 and 6 are the boundaries of the sand body f; the left side contact type lapping sand body e of the sand body g is divided by a boundary line 6, the right side boundary line 8 is a cutting and overlapping type contact boundary of the sand bodies g and h, the left side of the sand body h extends leftwards, the edge part of the sand body h develops on the main body part of the sand body g, the boundary line 7 is a left side boundary, and the right side boundary is a boundary line 9. By utilizing the elevation difference of the isochronous interface in the whole area, the vertical stage combined with a single well, the lateral demarcation of seismic attribute guidance and the sand body scale are integrated, 9 configuration interfaces and 8 single sand bodies are identified, and the sand body structure comparison in the composite sand body of the backbone section A1-A2-A3-A4 is completed, as shown in FIG. 7.
And step three, leveling the isochronous interface in step two, and reflecting the vertical phase relation of the isochronous interface and the top surface of the composite sand body through the height difference. The vertical stage secondary division of the composite sand body comprises the following steps: 1) dividing a single well period into two parts: analyzing the thickness, lithology, well logging curve form and amplitude variation of the single sand in the composite sand on each single well in the backbone profile by combining well logging information, and further distinguishing the structural type of the sand encountered by drilling on the single well; 2) dividing the well-connecting section period into a plurality of sections: and (3) combining the sand body period identified on the single well, placing the sand body period under the constraint of the equal-time interface height difference of the backbone profile, and analyzing the vertical period of the backbone profile composite sand body.
And 1) counting the thickness of different parts of each well drilling meeting the composite sand body. And (3) secondary division of the composite sand body period: the single-stage sand body is at least a sand body with the thickness more than 2 meters and the granularity coarser than the siltstone; the lithologic section with lithology thinner than argillaceous siltstone and thickness larger than 0.5 m can be used as an interlayer between an upper sand body and a lower sand body, namely the standard of distinguishing vertical two-stage sand bodies on a single well.
And 2) in the third step, the height difference between the thick interface flattened by the isochronous interface and the top of the sand body is used as an important means for vertical stage subdivision. The standard for dividing the vertical period of the sand body is shown as the following formula I, so that the vertical period of the composite sand body on the section is analyzed.
I H2-H1I/H is not less than 1/3 formula I
In the formula I, | H2-H1| represents the height difference, and H represents the sand body thickness.
In the fourth step, the identification step of the lateral boundary of the composite sand body comprises the following steps: 1) extracting sensitive seismic attributes capable of reflecting the transverse discontinuity of seismic data in a target layer range, and predicting the plane distribution of a discontinuous boundary in a reservoir; 2) calibrating mudstone with the thickness of more than 15 meters on the horizontal well and sensitive seismic attributes, and verifying the accuracy and the reasonableness of the seismic attributes on the prediction of the discontinuous boundary; 3) and (5) guiding the sand body lateral boundary division by taking the attribute as space guidance.
The above embodiments are only used for illustrating the present invention, wherein the steps and the like of the method implementation can be changed, the optimization of the isochronous interface, the determination of the single well type, the calibration of the horizontal well, the seismic attribute extraction method, the consideration of the comprehensive comparison and the like can be changed, and all the equivalent changes and improvements performed on the basis of the technical scheme of the present invention should not be excluded from the protection scope of the present invention.
Those not described in detail in this specification are within the skill of the art.
Claims (4)
1. A contrast method of single sand bodies in offshore oilfield composite sand bodies comprises the following steps: (1) selecting a backbone section: measuring a section of the composite sand body between the wells of the offshore oil field transversely cutting the long axis direction of the sediment body to obtain a backbone section of the composite sand body;
(2) selecting an isochronous interface: selecting the middle-term or short-term gyrating top surface of the flood surface shale of the composite sand body aiming at the backbone profile selected in the step (1) to obtain an isochronous interface with the top surface of the flood surface shale being leveled;
the conditions for selecting the top surface of the flood surface mudstone are as follows: selecting a set of regionally sedimentary flooding mudstone sections on the upper part of the composite sand body as a regional sedimentary isochronous interface, wherein the interface corresponds to a set of stronger seismic reflection event, and the seismic event is stable in shape and does not change along with the change of the seismic wave frequency;
(3) dividing the composite sand body in a vertical stage: leveling the isochronous interface of the top surface of the flood surface mudstone, and dividing the development period of the composite sand body in the vertical direction according to the data of earthquake, well logging and well data of a single well;
in the step (3), the division of the composite sand body in the vertical direction is as follows: 1) dividing a single well period into two parts: analyzing the thickness, lithology, well logging curve form and amplitude change of the single sand body in the composite sand body on each single well in the backbone profile by combining earthquake, well logging and well data, and distinguishing the structure type and period of the composite sand body on the single well; 2) dividing the well-connecting section period into a plurality of sections: combining the sand body period identified on the single well in the step 1), placing the sand body period under the height difference constraint between the leveling isochronous interface of the flood surface shale top surface and the sand body top surface of the backbone profile, and analyzing the vertical period of the backbone profile composite sand body;
(4) identifying the lateral boundary of the composite sand body: on the basis of dividing the development period in the step (3), identifying the lateral boundary of the composite sand body between wells according to the sensitive seismic attribute;
the step (4) of identifying the lateral boundary of the composite sand body comprises the following steps: 1) extracting sensitive seismic attributes capable of reflecting the transverse discontinuity of seismic data in a target layer range, and predicting the plane distribution of a discontinuous boundary in a reservoir; 2) calibrating mudstone with the thickness of more than 15 meters on the horizontal well and sensitive seismic attributes, and verifying the accuracy and the reasonableness of the seismic attributes on the prediction of the discontinuous boundary; 3) guiding the sand body lateral boundary division by taking the attribute as space guidance;
(5) and (3) comprehensive comparison: and (4) analyzing the internal structure of the composite sand body according to the lateral boundaries of the composite sand body obtained in the step (3) and the vertical development period and the step (4), and obtaining the comparison of the single sand body in the composite sand body.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), the single well in the section is a vertical well and/or a directional well, and the well distance is 100-1000 meters.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: when the thickness of different parts of each well drilling meeting the composite sand body is measured in the step (3) -1), the standard for distinguishing vertical two-stage sand bodies on a single well is as follows: the single-stage sand body is a sand body with the thickness of more than 2 meters and the granularity of coarser than that of the siltstone; the lithologic section with lithology finer than that of the argillaceous siltstone and thickness greater than 0.5 m is an interlayer between the upper sand body and the lower sand body.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step (3) -2), dividing the vertical period of the sand body according to the standard of the following formula I, and analyzing to obtain the vertical period of the composite sand body on the section;
i H2-H1I/H is not less than 1/3 formula I
In the formula I, | H2-H1| represents the height difference, and H represents the sand body thickness.
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