CN109507106A - Snowfield friction coefficient measuring apparatus and measurement method - Google Patents
Snowfield friction coefficient measuring apparatus and measurement method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109507106A CN109507106A CN201811381099.9A CN201811381099A CN109507106A CN 109507106 A CN109507106 A CN 109507106A CN 201811381099 A CN201811381099 A CN 201811381099A CN 109507106 A CN109507106 A CN 109507106A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N19/00—Investigating materials by mechanical methods
- G01N19/02—Measuring coefficient of friction between materials
Abstract
This application involves snowfield friction coefficient measurement technical fields, more particularly, to a kind of snowfield friction coefficient measuring apparatus and measurement method.Flywheel mechanism, dynamic start mechanism and support lowering mechanism；Flywheel mechanism includes flywheel, support shaft, bearing block and speed probe, and flywheel is rotated by rotation axis of support shaft；The both ends of support shaft pass through bearing block respectively and are equipped on support lowering mechanism；Speed probe is set to one end of support shaft, for detecting the revolving speed of flywheel；Dynamic start mechanism is detachably connected with support shaft, for driving flywheel to rotate；Support lowering mechanism can be gone up and down, for driving flywheel mechanism to be in contact with snowfield or being detached from.The snowfield friction coefficient measuring apparatus of the application is rotation acceleration in coefficient of friction solution procedure linear acceleration, and structure is simple, meets portability requirements, have the characteristics that control is accurate, and can adapt to skifield low temperature environment, whole measurement process is stablized, and it is accurate that measurement facilitates.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to snowfield friction coefficient measurement technical fields, more particularly, to a kind of snowfield friction coefficient measuring apparatus
And the measurement method that snowfield coefficient of friction is measured using the device.
Background technique
In the snowy upper competitive sport of institute, all there is friction between athletic equipment and snow face.Just because of the presence of friction is
Derive a plurality of types of ski equipments, suitable technical movements and targetedly ancillary technique.Due to the field of sport on snow
Ground is different, climate condition is different, therefore even if each position in the place of the same sports events snow face coefficient of friction there is also
Very big difference.By taking alpine skiing as an example, starting point region, the height above sea level of intermediate region and land, the density of snow, gas
The indexs such as temperature, snow temperature all have differences, and directly result in snow face coefficient of friction everywhere and are changed with a certain uncertain rule.Different technologies
The sportsman of type must carry out equipment and technology tune to play its own advantage, coach and sportsman according to snow face friction
It is whole.The selection of skis, interim physical strength distribution, the control of excessively curved speed, the adjustment of gliding position, the selection of snow slab wax, very
To also making more careful adjustment in conjunction with the variation of wind speed and landform sometimes.These details are all pre-games alternatively in match scheme
Factor in need of consideration.As it can be seen that snow face coefficient of friction has very important status in avenging upper competitive sport.
However snow face friction coefficient measurement equipment in the prior art generally have it is not readily portable, by such environmental effects
It is larger with or testing time longer defect, can only carry out in the lab, not be suitable for live directly test, thus cannot and
When, accurately snow face coefficient of friction in outdoor sports is directly tested, and then many sportsmen, coach is caused to ignore
The influence of snow face coefficient of friction is formulated match scheme by previous experiences and the phychology coped with shifting events by sticking to a fundamental principle, is not accomplished
It optimizes.
Summary of the invention
The application be designed to provide a kind of snowfield friction coefficient measuring apparatus and the application device rubs to snowfield and is
The measurement method that number measures is not suitable for outdoor scene directly to solve snow face friction coefficient measurement equipment in the prior art
Test, leads to not know that the coefficient of friction of outdoor sports snow face can not technical problem measured directly.
This application provides a kind of snowfield friction coefficient measuring apparatus, comprising: flywheel mechanism, dynamic start mechanism and support
Lowering mechanism；
The flywheel mechanism includes flywheel, support shaft, bearing block and speed probe, and the support shaft passes through described fly
Wheel enables the flywheel to rotate by rotation axis of the support shaft；The support shaft is horizontally disposed, and the two of the support shaft
End is equipped on the support lowering mechanism by the bearing block respectively；The speed probe is set to the support shaft
One end, for detecting the revolving speed of the flywheel；
The dynamic start mechanism is detachably connected with the support shaft, for driving the flywheel to rotate；
The support lowering mechanism can be gone up and down, for driving the flywheel mechanism to be in contact or be detached from snowfield.
Further, the dynamic start mechanism includes motor, motor support slide unit and trundle；
The motor is located on the motor support slide unit, and the output shaft of the motor can pass through the trundle and institute
It states support shaft to be connected, for driving the flywheel to rotate；
The motor support slide unit can drive the motor close to or far from described along the extending direction of the support shaft
Flywheel mechanism connects or separates the trundle with the support shaft.
Further, the support lowering mechanism includes flywheel support slide unit, flywheel support frame and driving device；
The flywheel support frame is located on flywheel support slide unit, and the driving device can drive the flywheel to support
Frame moves up and down along the vertical direction on flywheel support slide unit；
The bearing block of the flywheel mechanism is mounted on the flywheel support frame, and the flywheel support frame is able to drive
The flywheel mechanism moves up and down.
Further, the flywheel mechanism further includes linear guide and sliding block；
The linear guide extends along the vertical direction, and the sliding block can slide in the linear guide；The bearing
Seat is fixedly connected with the sliding block, is oriented to for the up and down motion to the flywheel.
Further, the snowfield friction coefficient measuring apparatus further includes rack；
The linear guide and the dynamic start mechanism are all set in the rack.
Further, the snowfield friction coefficient measuring apparatus further includes controller；
The speed probe by during the flywheel turns of acquisition angular speed and angular acceleration signal be transferred to
The controller, the controller angular velocity and angular acceleration signal handle and measured value are transferred to computer terminal.
Further, the controller is also connected with the dynamic start mechanism and the support lowering mechanism respectively,
For controlling the start and stop of the dynamic start mechanism and the support lowering mechanism.
Further, the bearing is ceramic bearing.
Present invention also provides a kind of measurement methods of snowfield friction coefficient measuring apparatus, include the following steps:
Snowfield friction coefficient measuring apparatus is placed in tested snow face by step 100, and adjustment flywheel support rack position makes flywheel
It is detached from ground certain distance, adjustment motor support slide unit position makes the trundle at motor output shaft end and the support shaft of the flywheel
It is meshed, prepares starting；
Step 200 powers on, and starts the motor, and the motor accelerates and the flywheel is driven to rotate, revolution speed sensing
Device detects the Speed of Reaction Wheels, and signal is uploaded to computer terminal by controller；
Step 300, when the motor accelerates to certain value, adjusting motor support slide unit position keeps the motor defeated
The trundle of shaft end and the support shaft of the flywheel are separated out；
Step 400 adjusts downwards the flywheel support rack position, drives the flywheel to fall along linear guide, until flying
Wheel is in contact with tested snow face, acquires the tachometer value of the flywheel during this, the flywheel of time period is calculated
Angular acceleration is α1；
After step 500, the flywheel are contacted with tested snow face, the flywheel support frame continues to fall until with the flywheel
Bearing block be separated, so that the gravity of flywheel mechanism is acted on tested snow face completely, after contact friction, acquire institute during this
The tachometer value for stating flywheel, the angular acceleration for calculating the flywheel of time period is α2；The angular acceleration for obtaining flywheel is α=α1-
α2；
The quality m, Rotary Inertia of Flywheel J, flywheel diameter d, then by formula of step 600, the measurement flywheel mechanismObtain the coefficient of friction of tested snow face.
Further, in the step 300, after the motor is separated with the flywheel, make the flywheel operating one
It fixes time and carries out next step after making flywheel stabilization again.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the benefit that
This application provides a kind of snowfield friction coefficient measuring apparatus, comprising: flywheel mechanism, dynamic start mechanism and support
Lowering mechanism；
The flywheel mechanism includes flywheel, support shaft, bearing block and speed probe, and the support shaft passes through described fly
Wheel enables the flywheel to rotate by rotation axis of the support shaft；The support shaft is horizontally disposed, and the two of the support shaft
End is equipped on the support lowering mechanism by the bearing block respectively；The speed probe is set to the support shaft
One end, for detecting the revolving speed of the flywheel, to obtain the angular speed and angular acceleration of flywheel.
The dynamic start mechanism is used to provide rotary power to flywheel, so that flywheel is reached certain initial speed, to make
Flywheel outer surface and tested snow face friction, the angular acceleration values by calculating the speed probe after contacting friction calculate friction
Torque, gravity, that is, flywheel mechanism total force of this part are the normal pressure being measured in snow face；And dynamic start mechanism and institute
It states support shaft to be detachably connected, when flywheel reaches certain initial speed, dynamic start mechanism can mutually be separated with flywheel, make to fly
Wheel idle running, the measurement after being are ready.
The support lowering mechanism can be gone up and down, and flywheel mechanism is equipped on support lowering mechanism, therefore flywheel mechanism energy
The support lowering mechanism is enough followed to go up and down.Specifically, when testing beginning, support lowering mechanism holds up the flywheel mechanism
So that it is separated with snowfield, starts dynamic start mechanism at this time, flywheel is made to obtain certain revolving speed；After flywheel turns are steady,
Lowering mechanism decline is supported, flywheel is made to be in contact with snowfield；Rear support lowering mechanism decline again, support lowering mechanism it is no longer right
Flywheel mechanism plays supporting role, and the gravity of flywheel mechanism acts on snowfield completely at this time.
Snowfield friction coefficient measuring apparatus of the invention is that rotation accelerates in coefficient of friction solution procedure linear acceleration
Degree, structure is simple, meets portability requirements, has the characteristics that control is accurate, and can adapt to skifield low temperature environment, whole to survey
Amount process is stablized, wherein the measurement accuracy to variables such as gravity, rotary inertia, revolving speed and times is high, it is accurate that measurement facilitates.
Detailed description of the invention
It, below will be to specific in order to illustrate more clearly of the specific embodiment of the invention or technical solution in the prior art
Embodiment or attached drawing needed to be used in the description of the prior art be briefly described, it should be apparent that, it is described below
Attached drawing is some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, before not making the creative labor
It puts, is also possible to obtain other drawings based on these drawings.
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of snowfield friction coefficient measuring apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the flywheel mechanical model of flywheel mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the schematic illustration of snowfield friction coefficient measuring apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the system device connection schematic diagram of control acquisition system provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the operational flow diagram of control acquisition system provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Appended drawing reference:
1- flywheel mechanism, 11- flywheel, 12- support shaft, 13- bearing block, 14- speed probe, 15- linear guide, 16-
Sliding block, 2- dynamic start mechanism, 21- motor, 22- motor support slide unit, 23- trundle, 3- support lowering mechanism, 31- flywheel
Support slide unit, 32- flywheel support frame, 4- rack.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is clearly and completely described below in conjunction with attached drawing, it is clear that described implementation
Example is a part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.
The component for the embodiment of the present invention for usually describing and showing in attached drawing here can be with a variety of different configurations
To arrange and design.Therefore, the detailed description of the embodiment of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit below and is wanted
The scope of the present invention of protection is sought, but is merely representative of selected embodiment of the invention.
Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained without making creative work
The every other embodiment obtained, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that term " center ", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical",
The orientation or positional relationship of the instructions such as "horizontal", "inner", "outside" be based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, merely to
Convenient for description the present invention and simplify description, rather than the device or element of indication or suggestion meaning must have a particular orientation,
It is constructed and operated in a specific orientation, therefore is not considered as limiting the invention.In addition, term " first ", " second ",
" third " is used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or suggesting relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, term " installation ", " phase
Even ", " connection " shall be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be being fixedly connected, may be a detachable connection, or be integrally connected；It can
To be mechanical connection, it is also possible to be electrically connected；It can be directly connected, can also can be indirectly connected through an intermediary
Connection inside two elements.For the ordinary skill in the art, above-mentioned term can be understood at this with concrete condition
Concrete meaning in invention.
Snowfield friction coefficient measuring apparatus and application according to some embodiments of the invention are described referring to Fig. 1 to Fig. 5
The measurement method that the device measures snowfield coefficient of friction.
Shown in Figure 1, this application provides a kind of snowfield friction coefficient measuring apparatus, comprising: flywheel mechanism 1, power
Actuating mechanism 2 and support lowering mechanism 3；
Flywheel mechanism 1 includes flywheel 11, support shaft 12, bearing block 13 and speed probe 14, and support shaft 12 passes through flywheel
11, enable flywheel 11 with support shaft 12 for rotation axis rotation；Support shaft 12 is horizontally disposed, and the both ends difference of support shaft 12
It is equipped on support lowering mechanism 3 by bearing block 13；Speed probe 14 is set to one end of support shaft 12, winged for detecting
The revolving speed of wheel 11, to obtain the angular speed and angular acceleration of flywheel 11.
Dynamic start mechanism 2 is used to provide rotary power to flywheel 11, and flywheel 11 is made to reach certain initial speed, thus
Make 11 outer surface of flywheel and tested snow face friction, by the angular acceleration values meter for calculating the speed probe 14 after contacting friction
Moment of friction is calculated, the gravity of this part is the normal pressure being measured in snow face；And dynamic start mechanism 2 and support shaft 12 are removable
Connection is unloaded, when flywheel 11 reaches certain initial speed, dynamic start mechanism 2 can be separated with 11 phase of flywheel, keep flywheel 11 empty
Turn, the measurement after being is ready.
Support lowering mechanism 3 can be gone up and down, and flywheel mechanism 1 is equipped on support lowering mechanism 3, therefore 1 energy of flywheel mechanism
Support lowering mechanism 3 is enough followed to go up and down.Specifically, when testing beginning, the picking-up of flywheel mechanism 1 is made it by support lowering mechanism 3
It is separated with snowfield, starts dynamic start mechanism 2 at this time, flywheel 11 is made to obtain certain revolving speed；After 11 stability of rotation of flywheel,
It supports lowering mechanism 3 to decline, flywheel 11 is made to be in contact with snowfield；Rear support lowering mechanism 3 decline again, support lowering mechanism 3
Supporting role no longer is played to flywheel mechanism 1, the gravity of flywheel mechanism 1 acts on snowfield completely at this time.
Snowfield friction coefficient measuring apparatus principle in the present invention is " braking flywheel method ", test process are as follows: whole measurement
Device is fixed in tested snow face, is given 11 1 initial velocities of intermediate flywheel using power source, after initial velocity is stablized, is removed
Then power source supports lowering mechanism 3 to fall with intermediate flywheel 11, contacts 11 disc of flywheel with tested snow face, by turning
It is W that fast sensor 14, which writes down 11 revolving speed of flywheel at this time,1, after T time after flywheel 11 and tested snow face CONTACT WITH FRICTION, record
11 revolving speed of flywheel at this time is W2,The as acceleration alpha of time period.
According to classical mechanical friction theory, frictional force is directly proportional to normal pressure suffered by friction pair, and wherein ratio is joined
Number as coefficient of friction, coefficient of friction calculation formula:
F --- frictional force (N)；
F --- normal pressure (N)；
μ --- coefficient of friction.
The mechanical model of the flywheel of the snowfield friction coefficient measuring apparatus of the application, can be by following formula meter as shown in Fig. 2
Calculation obtains friction coefficient μ
By
M=J α
It obtains
And N=mg
It obtains
Wherein μ --- coefficient of friction；
N --- normal pressure；
F --- frictional force；
11 diameter of d --- flywheel；
M --- moment of friction；
11 rotary inertia of J --- flywheel；
11 angular speed of α --- flywheel；
M --- measurement 1 gross mass of flywheel mechanism；
11 rotation time of T --- flywheel；
Wherein, d, J, m are constant, and W1、W2It can be measured by the speed induction machine of snowfield friction coefficient measuring apparatus, T is
The flywheel turns time.
Snowfield friction coefficient measuring apparatus of the invention is that rotation accelerates in coefficient of friction solution procedure linear acceleration
Degree, structure is simple, meets portability requirements, has the characteristics that control is accurate, and can adapt to skifield low temperature environment, whole to survey
Amount process is stablized, wherein the measurement accuracy to variables such as gravity, rotary inertia, revolving speed and times is high, it is accurate that measurement facilitates.Especially
Suitable for measuring snowfield coefficient of friction during alpine skiing, the pass between coefficient of friction and sportsman's sliding speed is determined
Needle has been made in system, the posture selection for the suitable snow slab of coach, sportsman's selection, suitable waxing scheme and process of skiing
To the counte-rplan of property.
Preferably, flywheel 11 takes spoke structure, and outer surface can wax, and reduces the frictional force of flywheel 11 and snow face, makes
It must measure more accurate.
Preferably, speed probe 14 selects Omron incremental photoelectric encoder, model E6H-CWZ3E, list
Circle pulse value is 1024 pulses, can obtain the real-time tachometer value of flywheel 11, ask angular acceleration, Jin Erqiu by angular speed differential
Solve moment of friction.
It is shown in Figure 1, in one embodiment of the application, it is preferable that dynamic start mechanism 2 includes motor 21, electricity
Machine supports slide unit 22 and trundle 23；
Motor 21 is located on motor support slide unit 22, and the output shaft of motor 21 can pass through trundle 23 and 12 phase of support shaft
Connection, for driving flywheel 11 to rotate；
Motor support slide unit 22 can drive motor 21 close to or far from flywheel mechanism 1 along the extending direction of support shaft 12,
Connect or separate trundle 23 with support shaft 12.
In this embodiment, dynamic start mechanism 2 includes motor 21, motor support slide unit 22 and trundle 23, motor 21
It is connected by trundle 23 with one end of support shaft 12, to drive flywheel 11 to rotate by motor 21；And the biography of motor 21
Dynamic pin 23 is to be detachably connected, and motor 21 is fixed on motor support slide unit 22 with support shaft 12, under motor support slide unit 22
It is provided with slideway, motor support slide unit 22 can be along slideway to the direction sliding close to or far from flywheel mechanism 1, to drive
21 trundle 23 of motor is meshed with the trundle 23 of 11 support shaft 12 of flywheel or mutually separates；Therefore motor 21 is worked as and is leaned on to flywheel 11
When closely and connecting, starting motor 21 can drive flywheel 11 to rotate, and flywheel 11 is made to reach a certain revolving speed w；Motor support is sliding later
Platform 22 separates motor 21 with flywheel 11, that is, withdraws power source, and flywheel 11 is made to dally, and measurement is ready for after.
Preferably, the extending direction of glide direction with support shaft 12 of motor support slide unit 22 is identical, makes the biography of motor 21
Dynamic pin 23 is easier to engage or separate with support shaft 12.It is further preferred that motor support slide unit 22 is electronic slide unit.
It is further preferred that motor support slide unit 22 is stepper motor 21 plus ball-screw linear guide slide unit mould group.
Preferably due to which the present apparatus is higher to the accurate index request of revolving speed, therefore motor 21 selects model 57HB250-
5B closed loop stepper motor 21.
It is shown in Figure 1, in one embodiment of the application, it is preferable that support lowering mechanism 3 includes that flywheel support is slided
Platform 31, flywheel support frame 32 and driving device；
Flywheel support slide unit 31 extends along the vertical direction, and flywheel support frame 32 is located on flywheel support slide unit 31, driving dress
Setting can drive flywheel support frame 32 to move up and down along flywheel support slide unit 31；
The bearing block 13 of flywheel mechanism 1 is mounted on flywheel support frame 32, and flywheel support frame 32 is able to drive flywheel mechanism 1
It moves up and down.
In this embodiment, support lowering mechanism 3 includes that flywheel supports slide unit 31, flywheel support frame 32 and driving device,
Driving device can drive flywheel support slide unit 31 to slide the liter up and down for realizing flywheel support slide unit 31 on flywheel support frame 32
Drop.The bearing block 13 of flywheel mechanism 1 is equipped on sliding block 16, flywheel mechanism 1 from distance be tested snow face certain distance to quilt
When snow survey face is in contact, sliding block 16 plays a supporting role to flywheel mechanism 1；When sliding block 16 continues to move downward and flywheel mechanism 1
When separating, support lowering mechanism 3 no longer play a supporting role to flywheel mechanism 1, the gravity of flywheel mechanism 1 act on completely by
Snow survey face.
It should be noted that driving device can be motor 21, cylinder or hydraulic-driven etc., preferably motor 21 is driven,
The slide unit 31 of flywheel support at this time is electronic slide unit.
It is shown in Figure 1, in one embodiment of the application, it is preferable that flywheel mechanism 1 further includes 15 He of linear guide
Sliding block 16；
Linear guide 15 extends along the vertical direction, and sliding block 16 can slide in linear guide 15；Bearing block 13 and sliding block
16 are fixedly connected, and are oriented to for the up and down motion to flywheel 11.
In this embodiment, to guarantee stability of the flywheel mechanism 1 in dropping process, flywheel mechanism 1 further includes straight line
Guide rail 15 and sliding block 16, linear guide 15 is located at the side of flywheel 11, and linear guide 15 extends along the vertical direction, and sliding block 16 is sliding
It is dynamic to be set in linear guide 15, and bearing block 13 is fixedly connected with sliding block 16, therefore flywheel 11 being capable of edge in dropping process
Linear guide 15 is slided, so that the dropping process of flywheel mechanism 1 is more stable.
It is shown in Figure 1, in one embodiment of the application, it is preferable that snowfield friction coefficient measuring apparatus further includes
Rack 4；
Linear guide 15 and dynamic start mechanism 2 are all set in rack 4.
It in this embodiment, is the stability for guaranteeing whole device, the snowfield friction coefficient measuring apparatus of the application also wraps
Including rack 4, linear guide 15 and dynamic start mechanism 2 are all set in rack 4, and the work for stablizing support is played to whole device
With.
In one embodiment of the application, it is preferable that snowfield friction coefficient measuring apparatus further includes controller；
Speed probe 14 by 11 rotation process of flywheel of acquisition angular speed and angular acceleration signal be transferred to control
Device, controller angular velocity and angular acceleration signal handle and measured value are transferred to computer terminal.
In this embodiment, snowfield friction coefficient measuring apparatus further includes controller, and controller can receive revolution speed sensing
The angular speed and angular acceleration signal in 11 rotation process of flywheel that device 14 acquires, and be transmitted to computer terminal and carry out at data
Reason, obtains friction coefficient μ to be measured.
Preferably, controller is AVR single chip.
It should be noted that shown in Figure 3, the snowfield friction coefficient measuring apparatus of the application, including coefficient of friction are surveyed
Amount part and signal acquisition and processing part, wherein friction coefficient measurement part include flywheel mechanism 1, dynamic start mechanism 2 and
Lowering mechanism 3 is supported, the motor 21 of dynamic start mechanism 2 imparts power to the flywheel in flywheel mechanism 1 by trundle 23
11, so that flywheel 11 is reached a certain revolving speed, the slide unit of dynamic start mechanism 2 drives motor 21 to be detached from transmission, supports whereabouts machine at this time
32 support of flywheel support frame of structure 3 fall on tested snow face under flywheel mechanism 1, contact 11 outer surface of flywheel with tested snow face and rub
It wipes, the angular acceleration values of 11 revolving speed of flywheel is acquired by speed probe 14, flywheel 11 can be obtained by Formula Solution and by snow survey
Frictional force between face, and then acquire coefficient of friction.
Signal acquisition and processing unit point include power supply module, collecting sensor signal module, wireless serial module and calculating
Machine, specifically, power supply module take direct current 24V power supply to power to motor 21 and each electronic slide unit, and are converted by voltage-stablizer
Direct current 5V gives collecting sensor signal module for power supply.Collecting sensor signal module includes speed probe 14 and AVR single chip
The measured value of speed probe 14 is passed to computer terminal and handled by composition, wireless serial module.
In one embodiment of the application, it is preferable that controller also respectively with dynamic start mechanism 2 and support whereabouts machine
Structure 3 is connected, for controlling dynamic start mechanism 2 and supporting the start and stop of lowering mechanism 3.
In this embodiment, controller is also connected with dynamic start mechanism 2 and support lowering mechanism 3 respectively, controller
Dynamic start mechanism 2 can be controlled and support the start and stop of lowering mechanism 3, to realize the automation of entire measurement process.
In one embodiment of the application, it is preferable that bearing is ceramic bearing.
In this embodiment, bearing is selected as ceramic bearing, and ceramic bearing coefficient of friction is small, wear-resisting, and damage thermal expansion coefficient is small,
It is lower to the susceptibility of temperature gradient；And ceramic bearing density is small, has oil-free self lubrication, is suitable for low temperature environment, is suitable for
The measurement of outdoor snowfield；In addition, full-ceramic bearing, using ceramic seat ring, lighter in weight, pivoting friction resistance is smaller, is suitable for
High revolving speed, the operating condition of low-load, so that the measuring device measurement of the application is more accurate.
Present invention also provides present invention also provides a kind of measurement methods of snowfield friction coefficient measuring apparatus, including such as
Lower step:
Snowfield friction coefficient measuring apparatus is placed in tested snow face and is done system initialization by step 100, adjusts flywheel branch
32 position of support makes flywheel 11 be detached from ground 10mm, and adjustment 22 position of motor support slide unit makes the trundle of 21 output shaft end of motor
23 are meshed with the support shaft 12 of flywheel 11, prepare starting；
Step 200 connects 24v DC power supply, starts motor 21, and motor 21 accelerates and flywheel 11 is driven to rotate, and revolving speed passes
Sensor 14 detects 11 revolving speed of flywheel, and the collection value of encoder is recorded and pass through wireless module and uploaded to data are acquired by single-chip microcontroller
Computer terminal；
Step 300, when motor 21 accelerates to 160rad/s, adjustment 22 position of motor support slide unit make 21 output shaft of motor
The trundle 23 at end is separated with the support shaft 12 of flywheel 11；
Step 400, downwards adjustment 32 position of flywheel support frame, drive flywheel 11 to fall along linear guide 15, make flywheel 11
Tested snow face is fallen under slowly, until flywheel 11 is in contact with tested snow face, encoder acquires the tachometer value during this, and
The angular acceleration that time period is calculated is α1, i.e., 11 angular speed of flywheel brought by the intrinsic friction of system under vacant state
Decaying；
After step 500, flywheel 11 are contacted with tested snow face, flywheel support frame 32 continues the bearing to fall until with flywheel 11
Seat 13 is separated, and so that the gravity of flywheel mechanism 1 is acted on tested snow face completely and acquires flywheel during this after contact friction
11 tachometer value, the angular acceleration for calculating the flywheel 11 of time period is α2, α2For because accelerating brought by contact accumulated snow friction
Degree；The angular acceleration for obtaining flywheel 11 is α=α1-α2, i.e., system is subtracted with the brought acceleration of contact accumulated snow friction inherently rub
Wipe bring error；
Step 600, the quality m, 11 rotary inertia J of flywheel, 11 diameter d of flywheel, then by formula for measuring flywheel mechanism 1Obtain the coefficient of friction of tested snow face.
It should be noted that in step 400 and step 500, angular acceleration α1And α2It is by acquiring corresponding test process
In real-time tachometer value, then angular acceleration is acquired by angular speed differential.
In one embodiment of the application, it is preferable that in step 300, after motor 21 is separated with flywheel 11, make
Flywheel 11, which operates 5s, to be made to carry out next step again after flywheel 11 is stable, to guarantee the accuracy of measurement.
In addition, shown in Figure 4, present invention also provides the control acquisition systems of snowfield friction coefficient measuring apparatus, main
It consists of the following parts: (1) Arduino Mega2560；(2) E6H-CWZ3E encoder；(3) APC220 wireless serial；
(4)lcd128*64；(5) 21 controller of stepper motor；(6) electronic slide unit direct current generator 21；(7) FC054 relay；(8)
The adjustable voltage reduction module of LM2596 685.This system is powered by 24V DC power supply, makees control panel using Arduino Mega2560,
Each component sequential movements are controlled by included A/D mouth and acquire data, and data are passed to by computer by wireless serial, handle number
According to calculating coefficient of friction.
Specifically, shown in Figure 4, control collecting flowchart the following steps are included:
S1: initializing screen, is subsequent display working foundation；LCD128*64 screen is serial by spi bus
It is connected to control panel, control is carried out to screen by control panel library function LCD12864RSPI.h and is shown；
S2: setting baud rate is 25600, and computer sends character ' test ' to control panel by wireless serial, if control panel
It returns ' TEST ', then wireless module transmission is correct, otherwise carries out S3；
S3: reexamining the wiring and operation conditions of wireless serial module, returns to S2, checks transmission correctness；
S4: wireless outlet delivery is normal；
S5: 11 motor 21 of flywheel is started to work；Ski maximum speed about 20m/s, 11 radius 125mm of flywheel, maximum angular speed
It spends about 20/0.125=160rad/s=1527.88rpm < 3000rpm (21 limit speed of motor), 11 stepper motor 21 of flywheel
400 steps of controller high-subdividing number/circle, required pulse frequency 400*160/2 π=10185Hz.It is defeated using the tone function of control panel
The square wave that frequency is adjustable out, duty ratio is 50% realizes the input to 21 controller of stepper motor.To prevent impact motor 21, choosing
Slow acceleration is selected, using sin function in the thought that 0-90 degree is incremented by, 90-180 degree successively decreases, setting frequency is changed by sin function,
It realizes that the acceleration of flywheel 11 and motor 21 are slowed down to stop；
S6:E6H-CWZ3E encoder every revolution exports 1024 pulses, is arranged using control panel and is interrupted to count coding
Device umber of pulse.It consults and controls board parameter interruption stitch 0 (digital pin 2) triggering interruption, interrupt mode is set and is triggered for rising edge,
After down trigger, counting function counter counting encoder pulse is set；
S7: the micros function that counting encoder pulse utilizes control panel included simultaneously calculates the time, calculates fixed pulse
The time T of number C, can obtain the angular speed w=(C/1024*2 π) of flywheel 11；Each angular speed segment data when to guarantee to acquire angular speed
It is uniform, C value be variable, with angular speed reduction C value reduce；The angular speed currently recorded is not in contact with snow face, system
Magnitude of angular velocity after the acceleration of motor 21；
S8: wireless serial sends magnitude of angular velocity to computer；
S9: while carrying out S8, every the current angular velocity value of display in 1 second, intuitive display；
S10: 11 motor 21 of flywheel is detached from flywheel 11, makes 11 rotation of flywheel by the operation of 21 slide unit motor 21 of motor.Remember at this time
5s magnitude of angular velocity is recorded, the deceleration value of system itself can be acquired by the magnitude of angular velocity of this 5s.Lifting sliding table direct current generator 21 after 5s
It controls and starts to work through relay, flywheel 11 declines with lifting sliding table, contacts snow face with rear flywheel 11 and reduces speed now degree according to adopting
Collection, lifting sliding table continue to decline, and so that flywheel mechanism 1 is detached from slide unit, flywheel mechanism 1 is supported by snow face completely at this time；
S11: the magnitude of angular velocity that flywheel 11 is slowed down is transmitted by wireless serial, is recorded in Datafile.txt file,
Follow-up data is facilitated to handle；
S12: flywheel 11 is because friction, angular speed are gradually reduced, until stopping；Each component playback, acquisition terminate；S13: by
The collected magnitude of angular velocity of S10 can be in the hope of the deceleration of system itself, can be in the hope of system by the collected magnitude of angular velocity of S11
Deceleration after snow face rubs, the latter, which subtracts the former, can obtain the deceleration value that system is only generated by snow face friction；According to rigid body
Fixed-axis rotation rule, moment of friction M=J α,F=μ N, can acquire coefficient of friction, and wherein α is that above-mentioned angle accelerates
Degree, J are that rotating part is around the rotary inertia of support shaft axis in system, and f is snow face frictional force, and d is flywheel diameter, and N is winged
Take turns the gravity of mechanism 1.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention., rather than its limitations；To the greatest extent
Pipe present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: its according to
So be possible to modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or to some or all of the technical features into
Row equivalent replacement；And these are modified or replaceed, various embodiments of the present invention technology that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution
The range of scheme.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of snowfield friction coefficient measuring apparatus characterized by comprising under flywheel mechanism, dynamic start mechanism and support
Fall mechanism；
The flywheel mechanism includes flywheel, support shaft, bearing block and speed probe, and the support shaft passes through the flywheel, makes
The flywheel can be rotated by rotation axis of the support shaft；The support shaft is horizontally disposed, and the both ends of the support shaft point
It is not equipped on the support lowering mechanism by the bearing block；The speed probe is set to the one of the support shaft
End, for detecting the revolving speed of the flywheel；
The dynamic start mechanism is detachably connected with the support shaft, for driving the flywheel to rotate；
The support lowering mechanism can be gone up and down, for driving the flywheel mechanism to be in contact or be detached from snowfield.
2. snowfield friction coefficient measuring apparatus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the dynamic start mechanism includes
Motor, motor support slide unit and trundle；
The motor is located on the motor support slide unit, and the output shaft of the motor can pass through the trundle and the branch
Support axis is connected, for driving the flywheel to rotate；
The motor support slide unit can drive the motor close to or far from the flywheel along the extending direction of the support shaft
Mechanism connects or separates the trundle with the support shaft.
3. snowfield friction coefficient measuring apparatus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the support lowering mechanism includes
Flywheel supports slide unit, flywheel support frame and driving device；
The flywheel support frame is located on flywheel support slide unit, and the driving device can drive the flywheel support frame to exist
It is moved up and down along the vertical direction on the flywheel support slide unit；
The bearing block of the flywheel mechanism is mounted on the flywheel support frame, and the flywheel support frame is able to drive described
Flywheel mechanism moves up and down.
4. snowfield friction coefficient measuring apparatus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the flywheel mechanism further includes straight
Line guide rail and sliding block；
The linear guide extends along the vertical direction, and the sliding block can slide in the linear guide；The bearing block with
The sliding block is fixedly connected, and is oriented to for the up and down motion to the flywheel.
5. snowfield friction coefficient measuring apparatus according to claim 4, which is characterized in that further include rack；
The linear guide and the dynamic start mechanism are all set in the rack.
6. snowfield friction coefficient measuring apparatus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that further include controller；
The speed probe by during the flywheel turns of acquisition angular speed and angular acceleration signal be transferred to it is described
Controller, the controller angular velocity and angular acceleration signal handle and measured value are transferred to computer terminal.
7. snowfield friction coefficient measuring apparatus according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the controller also respectively with institute
It states dynamic start mechanism to be connected with the support lowering mechanism, fall for controlling the dynamic start mechanism and the support
The start and stop of mechanism.
8. snowfield friction coefficient measuring apparatus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the bearing is ceramic bearing.
9. a kind of measurement method of snowfield friction coefficient measuring apparatus, which comprises the steps of:
Snowfield friction coefficient measuring apparatus is placed in tested snow face by step 100, and adjustment flywheel support rack position is detached from flywheel
Ground certain distance, adjustment motor support slide unit position nibble the trundle at motor output shaft end and the support shaft of the flywheel mutually
It closes, prepares starting；
Step 200 powers on, and starts the motor, and the motor accelerates and the flywheel is driven to rotate, speed probe inspection
The Speed of Reaction Wheels is surveyed, and signal is uploaded into computer terminal by controller；
Step 300, when the motor accelerates to certain value, adjusting motor support slide unit position makes the motor output shaft
The trundle at end and the support shaft of the flywheel are separated；
Step 400 adjusts downwards flywheel support rack position, and the flywheel is driven to fall along linear guide, until flywheel with
Tested snow face is in contact, and acquires the tachometer value of the flywheel during this, the angle that the flywheel of time period is calculated adds
Speed is α1；
After step 500, the flywheel are contacted with tested snow face, the flywheel support frame continues the axis to fall until with the flywheel
It holds seat to be separated, the gravity of flywheel mechanism is made to act on tested snow face completely, after contact friction, it is described winged in the process to acquire this
The tachometer value of wheel, the angular acceleration for calculating the flywheel of time period is α2；The angular acceleration for obtaining flywheel is α=α1-α2；
The quality m, Rotary Inertia of Flywheel J, flywheel diameter d, then by formula of step 600, the measurement flywheel mechanism
Obtain the coefficient of friction of tested snow face.
10. the measurement method of snowfield friction coefficient measuring apparatus according to claim 9, which is characterized in that the step
In 300, after the motor is separated with the flywheel, carried out down again after so that the flywheel operating certain time is made flywheel stabilization
One step.
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| CN109799187A (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2019-05-24 | 河北科技大学 | Coefficient of sliding friction test device and test method |
| CN110231284A (en) * | 2019-07-16 | 2019-09-13 | 上海宝冶集团南京建筑有限公司 | A kind of rigidity friction coefficient measuring apparatus |
| CN112663550A (en) * | 2021-01-14 | 2021-04-16 | 成都简寸苛电子商务有限公司 | Self-adaptively-adjustable pavement icing detection knockout device |
| CN112683673A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-04-20 | 哈尔滨商业大学 | Snow-removing rolling brush mechanical property test experiment table and test method |
| CN113051994A (en) * | 2020-11-18 | 2021-06-29 | 泰州市华仕达机械制造有限公司 | Real-time lifting system of grip ability based on environmental monitoring |
| CN113624676A (en) * | 2021-09-01 | 2021-11-09 | 东北大学 | Portable intelligent robot for automatically measuring snow surface friction coefficient |
| DE102021117038B3 (en) | 2021-07-01 | 2022-09-15 | Hochschule Kaiserslautern | Determination of friction between a material and a snow or ice surface |
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| CN112683673A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-04-20 | 哈尔滨商业大学 | Snow-removing rolling brush mechanical property test experiment table and test method |
| CN112683673B (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2024-03-19 | 哈尔滨商业大学 | Snow-removing rolling brush mechanical property test experiment table and test method |
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| CN112663550B (en) * | 2021-01-14 | 2022-11-08 | 江苏坤典交通建设工程有限公司 | Laying road icing detection knockout device capable of being adjusted in self-adaption mode |
| DE102021117038B3 (en) | 2021-07-01 | 2022-09-15 | Hochschule Kaiserslautern | Determination of friction between a material and a snow or ice surface |
| CN113624676A (en) * | 2021-09-01 | 2021-11-09 | 东北大学 | Portable intelligent robot for automatically measuring snow surface friction coefficient |
| CN113624676B (en) * | 2021-09-01 | 2022-05-24 | 东北大学 | Portable intelligent robot for automatically measuring snow surface friction coefficient |
| WO2023029067A1 (en) * | 2021-09-01 | 2023-03-09 | 东北大学 | Portable intelligent robot for automatic measurement of snow surface friction coefficient |
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