CN109503195A - 一种建筑用石墨烯改性粘胶基炭纤维吸声板的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种建筑用石墨烯改性粘胶基炭纤维吸声板的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN109503195A
CN109503195A CN201811649500.2A CN201811649500A CN109503195A CN 109503195 A CN109503195 A CN 109503195A CN 201811649500 A CN201811649500 A CN 201811649500A CN 109503195 A CN109503195 A CN 109503195A
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韩旭
马开梅
何平伟
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Xinghua Precision Casting And Forging Industry Research Institute Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种建筑用石墨烯改性粘胶基炭纤维复合材料吸声板的制备方法,采用短纤维针刺体作为预制体骨架,采用树脂浸渍、固化、炭化的工艺进行硬化处理。该方法为:一、采用粘胶基炭纤维针刺体作为预制体材料;二、树脂浸渍液的配置;三、树脂浸渍;四、固化处理;五、炭化处理;六、机械加工后,制得建筑用石墨烯改性粘胶基炭纤维复合材料吸声板。本发明采用粘胶基炭纤维作为骨架,树脂炭基体作为增强体且经过石墨烯改性的低密度、多孔炭/炭吸声板,具有防水、防火、抗老化、抗冲击能力好,用材低能耗、环保、废弃后对环境无污染,在使用过程中,吸声效果好等优点。

Description

一种建筑用石墨烯改性粘胶基炭纤维吸声板的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于新材料领域,具体涉及一种耐腐蚀、抗老化、粘胶基炭纤维复合材料吸声板材。
背景技术
吸音板是一种理想的吸声装饰材料,具有吸音、环保、阻燃、隔热、保温、防潮、防霉变、易除尘、易切割、可拼花、施工简便、稳定性好、抗冲击能力好、独立性好和性价比高,可满足不同风格和层次的吸音装饰需求。
市场上有一些吸音板是在两块板之间安装橡胶层、减振材料或隔音毡等做成的,采用这种方法,在短期里可以在一定程度上提高隔音效果,但是其隔音效果会随着时间而逐渐降低。众所周知,橡胶等材料在空气中会慢慢老化,导致其逐渐变硬而丧失弹性,从而导致隔音效果随着时间而逐渐降低。另一方面,这种在两块板中间安装橡胶层或隔音毡层的做法,工程造价也非常高。
市场上有一些普通吸音板,为了提高隔音效果,都是增加墙板的厚度和重量来实现的,这种方法固然在一定程度上可以提高隔音效果,但是却带来很多缺点:1)隔音效率(也即隔声量的提高)低,因为根据物理定律,板材面密度增加一倍,其隔音量理论上最多只能增加6分贝;墙板面密度增加四倍,隔音量最多只能增加12分贝。2)墙板越厚,占用的空间就越多,人们损失的宝贵的居住空间就越多。3)墙板越重,安装越困难;而且墙板太重,还需要考虑楼层能否承受的问题。4)墙板越厚越重,生产墙板用到的原材料越多,墙板价格越高,安装费用也就越高,以及损失的居住空间的价值越高,导致最后工程的综合造价越高。吸音板是一种基于完全新型隔声原理的隔音材料,其显著提高的隔音效果不是通过增加重量和厚度来实现的,实际上的吸音板厚度仅18毫米,甚至可以更薄,但是由其组成的轻钢龙骨墙隔音效果可以达到53分贝,采用合适的墙体组合方案,墙体的隔音效果甚至可以达到80分贝。这种吸音板在市场上同样厚度和重量的吸音板产品当中,不仅隔音效果最好,而且比任何同样厚度和重量的吸音板的隔音效果都要好很多倍。
低密度炭纤维复合材料对各个频率的声音均具有优良的吸声效果,加速吸音效率,起到了隔声降噪的效果,同时还具有阻燃隔热的作用。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有技术的不足,而提供一种工艺简单、硬化效果好、具有防水、防火、抗老化、抗冲击能力好,用材低能耗、环保、废弃后对环境无污染,在使用过程中,吸声效果好等优点的建筑用石墨烯改性粘胶基炭纤维复合材料吸声板的制备方法。
为了实现上述目的,本发明所采用的技术方案是:一种建筑用石墨烯改性粘胶基炭纤维复合材料吸声板的制备方法,其特征在于该方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一:采用粘胶基炭纤维针刺体作为预制体材料,预制体密度控制在0.08 g/cm3-0.18g/cm3
步骤二:配置树脂浸渍液,将树脂和酒精按一定的比例混合搅拌,其混合比例为树脂:酒精=1:(2-10),搅拌均匀。然后将石墨烯按一定比例添加到树脂浸渍液中,搅拌均匀。
步骤三:将步骤二中配置好的树脂浸渍液加压浸渍在预制体坯体内,压力为0.8MPa-4.0MPa下进行浸渍。
步骤四:将步骤三中浸渍处理后坯体置于固化炉内进行固化处理,固化温度为110℃-200℃。
步骤五:将步骤四中固化处理的坯体置于炭化炉内进行炭化处理,炭化温度为700℃-900℃。
步骤六:将步骤五出炉的粘胶基炭纤维复合材料坯体经过机械加工后,制得建筑用石墨烯改性粘胶基炭纤维复合材料吸声板。其最终密度为0.30 g/cm3-1.40 g/cm3
上述的一种建筑用石墨烯改性粘胶基炭纤维复合材料吸声板的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤一中所述的粘胶基炭纤维丝束为1K-12K,粘胶基炭纤维针刺体布针密度为10针/cm2-40针/cm2,粘胶基炭纤维长度控制在5mm-100mm。
上述的一种建筑用石墨烯改性粘胶基炭纤维复合材料吸声板的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤二中所述的树脂为环氧树脂或酚醛树脂,酒精为工业酒精,纯度≥95%,石墨烯添加量为0.05wt%-0.5 wt%。
上述的一种建筑用石墨烯改性粘胶基炭纤维复合材料吸声板的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤三中所述的浸渍工艺,浸渍时间为1h-10h。
上述的一种建筑用石墨烯改性粘胶基炭纤维复合材料吸声板的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤四中所述的固化升温速率为5℃/h-20℃/h,保温1h-5h。
上述的一种建筑用石墨烯改性粘胶基炭纤维复合材料吸声板的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤五中所述的炭化升温速率为5℃/h-30℃/h,保温1h-6h。
本发明与现有技术相比具有以下优点:
1、与传统吸声板的制备技术相比,本发明采用炭纤维作为骨架,树脂炭基体作为增强体且经过石墨烯改性的低密度、多孔炭/炭吸声板具有一定的机械强度,抗老化和耐腐蚀性能好等优点。
2、本发明工艺简单,吸声效果好,并且易于大批量生产,可按照不同要求将材料随意进行加工切割成型。
附图说明
图1是本发明制备建筑用石墨烯改性粘胶基炭纤维复合材料吸声板的工艺流程框图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
步骤一:采用粘胶基炭纤维针刺体作为预制体材料,预制体密度控制在0.08 g/cm3,粘胶基炭纤维丝束为1K,布针密度为10针/cm2,炭纤维长度控制在5mm-100mm。
步骤二:配置树脂浸渍液,将树脂和酒精按一定的比例混合搅拌,其混合比例为树脂:酒精=1:2,树脂为环氧树脂,酒精为工业酒精,纯度≥95%,石墨烯添加量为0.05wt%,搅拌均匀。
步骤三:将步骤二中配置好的树脂浸渍液加压浸渍在预制体坯体内,压力为0.8MPa下进行浸渍,浸渍时间为1h。
步骤四:将步骤三中浸渍处理后坯体置于固化炉内进行固化处理,固化温度为110℃,固化升温速率为5℃/h,保温1h。
步骤五:将步骤四中固化处理的坯体置于炭化炉内进行炭化处理,炭化温度为700℃,炭化升温速率为5℃/h,保温1h。
步骤六:将步骤五出炉的粘胶基炭纤维复合材料坯体经过机械加工后,制得建筑用石墨烯改性粘胶基炭纤维复合材料吸声板。其最终密度为0.30 g/cm3
实施例2
步骤一:采用粘胶基炭纤维针刺体作为预制体材料,预制体密度控制在0.10 g/cm3,粘胶基炭纤维丝束为6K,布针密度为20针/cm2,炭纤维长度控制在5mm-100mm。
步骤二:配置树脂浸渍液,将树脂和酒精按一定的比例混合搅拌,其混合比例为树脂:酒精=1:5,树脂为酚醛树脂,酒精为工业酒精,纯度≥95%,石墨烯添加量为0.1wt%,搅拌均匀。
步骤三:将步骤二中配置好的树脂浸渍液加压浸渍在预制体坯体内,压力为2.0MPa下进行浸渍,浸渍时间为2h。
步骤四:将步骤三中浸渍处理后坯体置于固化炉内进行固化处理,固化温度为150℃,固化升温速率为16℃/h,保温2.5h。
步骤五:将步骤四中固化处理的坯体置于炭化炉内进行炭化处理,炭化温度为800℃,炭化升温速率为16℃/h,保温2.5h。
步骤六:将步骤五出炉的粘胶基炭纤维复合材料坯体经过机械加工后,制得建筑用石墨烯改性粘胶基炭纤维复合材料吸声板。其最终密度为1.05 g/cm3
实施例3
步骤一:采用粘胶基炭纤维针刺体作为预制体材料,预制体密度控制在0.18g/cm3,粘胶基炭纤维丝束为12K,布针密度为40针/cm2,炭纤维长度控制在5mm-100mm。
步骤二:配置树脂浸渍液,将树脂和酒精按一定的比例混合搅拌,其混合比例为树脂:酒精=1:10,树脂为环氧树脂,酒精为工业酒精,纯度≥95%,石墨烯添加量为0.5 wt%,搅拌均匀。
步骤三:将步骤二中配置好的树脂浸渍液加压浸渍在预制体坯体内,压力为4.0MPa下进行浸渍,浸渍时间为10h。
步骤四:将步骤三中浸渍处理后坯体置于固化炉内进行固化处理,固化温度为200℃,固化升温速率为20℃/h,保温5h。
步骤五:将步骤四中固化处理的坯体置于炭化炉内进行炭化处理,炭化温度为900℃,炭化升温速率为20℃/h,保温5h。
步骤六:将步骤五出炉的粘胶基炭纤维复合材料坯体经过机械加工后,制得建筑用石墨烯改性粘胶基炭纤维复合材料吸声板。其最终密度为1.40 g/cm3
以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例,并非对本发明作任何限制,凡是根据本发明技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、变更以及等效结构变换,均仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围内。

Claims (6)

1.一种建筑用石墨烯改性粘胶基炭纤维复合材料吸声板的制备方法,其特征在于该方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一:采用粘胶基炭纤维针刺体作为预制体材料,预制体密度控制在0.08 g/cm3-0.18g/cm3
步骤二:配置树脂浸渍液,将树脂和酒精按一定的比例混合搅拌,其混合比例为树脂:酒精=1:(2-10),搅拌均匀,然后将石墨烯按一定比例添加到树脂浸渍液中,搅拌均匀;
步骤三:将步骤二中配置好的树脂浸渍液加压浸渍在预制体坯体内,压力为0.8MPa-4.0MPa下进行浸渍;
步骤四:将步骤三中浸渍处理后坯体置于固化炉内进行固化处理,固化温度为110℃-200℃;
步骤五:将步骤四中固化处理的坯体置于炭化炉内进行炭化处理,炭化温度为700℃-900℃;
步骤六:将步骤五出炉的粘胶基炭纤维复合材料坯体经过机械加工后,制得建筑用石墨烯改性粘胶基炭纤维复合材料吸声板,其最终密度为0.30 g/cm3-1.40g/cm3
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种建筑用石墨烯改性粘胶基炭纤维复合材料吸声板的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤一中所述的粘胶基炭纤维丝束为1K-12K,粘胶基炭纤维针刺体布针密度为10针/cm2-40针/cm2,粘胶基炭纤维长度控制在5mm-100mm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种建筑用石墨烯改性粘胶基炭纤维复合材料吸声板的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤二中所述的树脂为环氧树脂或酚醛树脂,酒精为工业酒精,纯度≥95%,石墨烯添加量为0.05wt%-0.5 wt%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种建筑用石墨烯改性粘胶基炭纤维复合材料吸声板的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤三中所述的浸渍工艺,浸渍时间为1h-10h。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种建筑用石墨烯改性粘胶基炭纤维复合材料吸声板的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤四中所述的固化升温速率为5℃/h-20℃/h,保温1h-5h。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种建筑用石墨烯改性粘胶基炭纤维复合材料吸声板的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤五中所述的炭化升温速率为5℃/h-30℃/h,保温1h-6h。
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110525005A (zh) * 2019-08-28 2019-12-03 苏州宏久航空防热材料科技有限公司 一种建筑用防火、耐刺穿保温装饰复合板制备方法
WO2024174363A1 (zh) * 2023-02-20 2024-08-29 瑞声科技(南京)有限公司 复合导热吸声材料及其制备方法以及扬声器

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110525005A (zh) * 2019-08-28 2019-12-03 苏州宏久航空防热材料科技有限公司 一种建筑用防火、耐刺穿保温装饰复合板制备方法
WO2024174363A1 (zh) * 2023-02-20 2024-08-29 瑞声科技(南京)有限公司 复合导热吸声材料及其制备方法以及扬声器

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