CN110525005A - 一种建筑用防火、耐刺穿保温装饰复合板制备方法 - Google Patents
一种建筑用防火、耐刺穿保温装饰复合板制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种建筑用防火、耐刺穿保温装饰复合板制备方法，包括真空绝热板层、功能层和保护层，其特征在于所述功能层位于真空绝热板层两侧，保护层位于功能层两侧。所述功能层厚度为20~80μm，由酚醛树脂气凝胶复合石墨烯填充相和基体树脂组成，所述填充相中酚醛树脂气凝胶粒径为20~1000nm，均匀包覆于石墨烯表面。本发明所具有的有益效果是：
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种保温装饰复合板及其制备方法，特别是涉及一种建筑用防火、耐刺穿保温装饰复合板及其制备方法。
背景技术
真空绝热板（Vacuum Insulation Panel，VIP）是目前世界上最先进的高效保温材料保温性能好，从而使得复合板的保温性能好；但是应用于建筑保温领域的推广和使用过程中单独的真空绝热板容易被刺穿，影响施工质量和产品寿命。为了改善这种问题，市场开发了VIP用层压外包装材料，用于防止VIP因外部的冲击、折叠(Fold)而发生针孔、撕裂、裂纹等的保护功能，通常层压外包装材料多使用玻璃纤维布、不锈钢超薄板等金属材料。但是这些材料存在密度厚、不容易处理、容易发生接合部的焊接不良的问题。并且，即使内部处于真空状态，有用通过作为外包装材料的不锈钢等金属材料的热传导高，因此难以期待所希望的绝热性能。
公布号2000-108255的韩国专利公开了一种通过热熔敷层层叠具有不同熔点的聚乙烯膜的技术，这种技术即使在进行热熔敷时存在异物也可确保气密性。公布号为CN202467049 U的中国专利公开了一种由多种材料组成的外墙用的保温板。该技术在真空绝热板上下两侧粘接了石材层和纤维增强硅酸钙板层，可以解决真空绝热板容易被刺穿的问题，同时石材作为复合板的外立面，可以增加保温板的美观性，纤维增强硅酸钙板强度高、受温度和湿度影响小，适合与外墙表面相连；且所用石材层、真空绝热板层和纤维增强硅酸钙板层都是轻质材料，使得整个复合板也能保证轻质的特点，从而使得该复合板在用于高层建筑时降低复合板掉落的风险。公布号为CN 109747256 A的中国专利公开了真空绝热板用外包装材料、利用其的建筑用真空绝热板及建筑用真空绝热板的制造方法。与现有绝热板相比，该技术方案的建筑用真空绝热板的轻量性优秀，从而可使结构加固最小化，并可扩大建筑物内部的有效使用空间。
但是，建筑环境中的真空绝热板复合结构不仅需要解决因外部冲击而导致真空绝热材料的外包装材料的破损和/或因芯材破碎而导致破坏真空的问题和施工上的困难，也需要考虑由于病菌、潮湿等环境对于材料老化性能的影响，还需要考虑复合结构的使用对于空间效率的利用。此外，由于火灾等隐患对于人民生命财产安全的威胁，防火性能成为衡量建筑用材料性能的重要指标。因此，在将现有的真空绝热材料用作建筑用方面存在局限性。
发明内容
本发明的目的旨在克服现有技术的不足，提供一种建筑用防火、耐刺穿保温装饰复合板及其制备方法。通过在真空绝热板层双面依次形成功能层和保护层，使真空绝热板的防刺穿性能和防火性能都得到极大的提高。功能层由纳米级酚醛树脂气凝胶均匀包覆石墨烯增强相和酚醛树脂基体相复合而成。通过酚醛树脂气凝胶的均匀包覆阻碍了石墨烯表面，阻碍了石墨烯在范德华作用下的团聚现象；此外，均匀包覆于石墨烯表面的酚醛树脂纳米气凝胶颗粒增加了增强相与树脂基体之间界面面积，既提升了石墨烯对于高温热流抵抗作用，也提高了复合结构在运输、安装和遇到尖锐物条件下的应力的抵抗能力。再通过功能层结合石墨烯改性环氧酚醛树脂保护层，形成有效的阻水、阻气和抗老化性能，增加材料的使用寿命。
为实现本发明的目的采用的技术方案是：一种建筑用防火、耐刺穿保温装饰复合板，包括真空绝热板层、功能层和保护层，其特征在于所述功能层位于真空绝热板层两侧，保护层位于功能层两侧；所述功能层厚度为20~80μm，由酚醛树脂气凝胶复合石墨烯填充相和基体树脂组成，所述填充相中酚醛树脂气凝胶粒径为20~1000nm，均匀包覆于石墨烯表面；所述基体树脂为热塑性酚醛树脂，基体树脂和填充相的质量比例为1：0.2~1；所述保护层为石墨烯改性环氧酚醛树脂漆，厚度为10~35μm；所述功能层与真空绝热板层之间有粘结剂层；该复合板的制备方法包括下述顺序的步骤：
（1）按比例取酚醛树脂气凝胶复合石墨烯和热塑性酚醛树脂，加入固化剂均匀混合，120~160℃热压成20~80μm厚度；
（2）在真空绝热板层两侧均匀涂覆粘结剂，形成粘结剂层，并将步骤（1）获得的2层功能层分别贴于2个粘结剂层外侧，均匀加压0.5~5h，获得双层功能层复合真空绝热板层结构；
（3）在步骤（2）获得的双层功能层复合真空绝热板层结构的2个功能层外侧涂覆石墨烯改性环氧酚醛树脂漆，在15~30℃条件下自然干燥1~5h。
所述的粘结剂为无机粘结剂。
所述的石墨烯改性环氧酚醛树脂漆中石墨烯和环氧酚醛树脂的质量比例为1：（20~50）。
本发明所具有的有益效果是：抗刺穿性能优异。通过功能层由纳米级酚醛树脂气凝胶均匀包覆石墨烯增强相和酚醛树脂基体相复合而成。通过酚醛树脂气凝胶的均匀包覆阻碍了石墨烯表面，阻碍了石墨烯在范德华作用下的团聚现象；此外，均匀包覆于石墨烯表面的酚醛树脂纳米气凝胶颗粒增加了增强相与树脂基体之间界面面积，提升了复合结构在运输、安装和遇到尖锐物条件下的应力的抵抗能力。②阻燃性能优异。酚醛树脂残碳率高，即使在1700℃条件下也无烟雾释放，本发明通过纳米级酚醛凝胶、微米级石墨烯片，以及宏观尺度酚醛基体和保护层，形成酚醛材料的多级组合，既发挥了酚醛石墨烯对于热流的阻碍和酚醛树脂的阻燃特性，也放置了石墨烯形成连续网络结构而造成的导热系数降低。③抗老化性能优异。石墨烯改性环氧酚醛树脂保护层，形成有效的阻水、阻气和抗老化性能，增加材料的使用寿命。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例，进一步阐明本发明，应理解这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围，在阅读了本发明之后，本领域技术人员对本发明的各种等价形式的修改均落于本申请所附权利要求所限定。
实施例1
一种建筑用防火、耐刺穿保温装饰复合板，包括真空绝热板层、功能层和保护层，其特征在于所述功能层位于真空绝热板层两侧，保护层位于功能层两侧；所述功能层厚度为20μm，由酚醛树脂气凝胶复合石墨烯填充相和基体树脂组成，所述填充相中酚醛树脂气凝胶粒径为20nm，均匀包覆于石墨烯表面；所述基体树脂为热塑性酚醛树脂，基体树脂和填充相的质量比例为1：0.2；所述保护层为石墨烯改性环氧酚醛树脂漆，厚度为10μm；所述功能层与真空绝热板层之间有粘结剂层；该复合板的制备方法包括下述顺序的步骤：
（1）按比例取酚醛树脂气凝胶复合石墨烯和热塑性酚醛树脂，加入固化剂均匀混合，120℃热压成20μm厚度；
（2）在真空绝热板层两侧均匀涂覆粘结剂，形成粘结剂层，并将步骤（1）获得的2层功能层分别贴于2个粘结剂层外侧，均匀加压0.5h，获得双层功能层复合真空绝热板层结构；
（3）在步骤（2）获得的双层功能层复合真空绝热板层结构的2个功能层外侧涂覆石墨烯改性环氧酚醛树脂漆，在15℃条件下自然干燥5h。
该复合保温板导热系数小于0.010W/m·K，可用于冷链保温以及冷库内保温领域，节约空间，节省能源，经济社会效益显著。
实施例2
一种建筑用防火、耐刺穿保温装饰复合板，包括真空绝热板层、功能层和保护层，其特征在于所述功能层位于真空绝热板层两侧，保护层位于功能层两侧；所述功能层厚度为80μm，由酚醛树脂气凝胶复合石墨烯填充相和基体树脂组成，所述填充相中酚醛树脂气凝胶粒径为1000nm，均匀包覆于石墨烯表面；所述基体树脂为热塑性酚醛树脂，基体树脂和填充相的质量比例为1：1；所述保护层为石墨烯改性环氧酚醛树脂漆，厚度为35μm；所述功能层与真空绝热板层之间有粘结剂层；该复合板的制备方法包括下述顺序的步骤：
（1）按比例取酚醛树脂气凝胶复合石墨烯和热塑性酚醛树脂，加入固化剂均匀混合，160℃热压成80μm厚度；
（2）在真空绝热板层两侧均匀涂覆粘结剂，形成粘结剂层，并将步骤（1）获得的2层功能层分别贴于2个粘结剂层外侧，均匀加压5h，获得双层功能层复合真空绝热板层结构；
（3）在步骤（2）获得的双层功能层复合真空绝热板层结构的2个功能层外侧涂覆石墨烯改性环氧酚醛树脂漆，在30℃条件下自然干燥1h。
该复合保温板导热系数小于0.012W/m·K，耐穿刺好，可用于外墙保温领域，减少外墙保温层厚度30%，减少建筑能耗20%，经济社会效益显著。
上述仅为本发明的两个具体实施方式，但本发明的设计构思并不局限于此，凡利用此构思对本发明进行非实质性的改动，均应属于侵犯本发明保护的范围的行为。但凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容，依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何形式的简单修改、等同变化与改型，仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。
Claims (1)
1.一种建筑用防火、耐刺穿保温装饰复合板制备方法，包括真空绝热板层、功能层和保护层，其特征在于所述功能层位于真空绝热板层两侧，保护层位于功能层两侧；所述功能层厚度为20~80μm，由酚醛树脂气凝胶复合石墨烯填充相和基体树脂组成，所述填充相中酚醛树脂气凝胶粒径为20~1000nm，均匀包覆于石墨烯表面；所述基体树脂为热塑性酚醛树脂，基体树脂和填充相的质量比例为1：0.2~1；所述保护层为石墨烯改性环氧酚醛树脂漆，厚度为10~35μm；所述功能层与真空绝热板层之间有粘结剂层；该复合板的制备方法包括下述顺序的步骤：
（1）按比例取酚醛树脂气凝胶复合石墨烯和热塑性酚醛树脂，加入固化剂均匀混合，120~160℃热压成20~80μm厚度；
（2）在真空绝热板层两侧均匀涂覆粘结剂，形成粘结剂层，并将步骤（1）获得的2层功能层分别贴于2个粘结剂层外侧，均匀加压0.5~5h，获得双层功能层复合真空绝热板层结构；
（3）在步骤（2）获得的双层功能层复合真空绝热板层结构的2个功能层外侧涂覆石墨烯改性环氧酚醛树脂漆，在15~30℃条件下自然干燥1~5h。
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