CN109500481A - A kind of thin plate brass does not preheat plasma arc welding method - Google Patents
A kind of thin plate brass does not preheat plasma arc welding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109500481A CN109500481A CN201811382903.5A CN201811382903A CN109500481A CN 109500481 A CN109500481 A CN 109500481A CN 201811382903 A CN201811382903 A CN 201811382903A CN 109500481 A CN109500481 A CN 109500481A
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 207
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IADRPEYPEFONML-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ce].[W] Chemical compound [Ce].[W] IADRPEYPEFONML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000137852 Petrea volubilis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 30
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 5
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910017518 Cu Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910017752 Cu-Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910017943 Cu—Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- TVZPLCNGKSPOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper zinc Chemical compound [Cu].[Zn] TVZPLCNGKSPOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910007610 Zn—Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- BERDEBHAJNAUOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(I) oxide Inorganic materials [Cu]O[Cu] BERDEBHAJNAUOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- KRFJLUBVMFXRPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cuprous oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Cu+].[Cu+] KRFJLUBVMFXRPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940112669 cuprous oxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K10/00—Welding or cutting by means of a plasma
- B23K10/02—Plasma welding
- B23K10/022—Spot welding
Abstract
Plasma arc welding method is not preheated the invention discloses a kind of thin plate brass, this method uses straight polarity direct current, welding current is 77A, ion-gas flow is 2.2L/min, weldering speed 200mm/min, wire feed rate 1.7m/min, it in the case where not preheating, is welded using welding wire, thin plate brass sheet material is not preheated, back does not use backing plate, single-sided welding two-sides forming, simple process, cost is relatively low；The weld seam that weld seam is formed is beautiful, and microstructure is clear, and property of welded joint is good, and mechanical property is more than base material, and weld seam tensile strength rises, and reaches base material 105.7%, and tensile sample is broken on base material.
Description
Technical field
Plasma arc welding method is not preheated the present invention relates to welding technology field more particularly to a kind of thin plate brass.
Background technique
Brass is ormolu, is T+U duplex structure, and the hardness and strength of material can be improved in Zn-ef ficiency, is using wide
General engineering material.After the techniques such as rolling or casting, need to be welded further processing to part thin edges, furthermore thin plate brass
Welding production, these are required efficiently, appearance of weld and welding method of good performance.
The defects of being easy to produce stomata, deformation for welding methods such as MIG, TIG of brass at present, speed of welding is limited；
Since reflectivity of the plate surface to light is very big in laser welding, since most energy can be reflected in welding process,
To need very high output energy, cause welding cost very high.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention is intended to provide a kind of thin plate brass does not preheat PLASMA ARC WELDING side
Method, for the welding method using plasma arc welding method, plasma arc, which has, welds higher energy density than TIG and MIG
And temperature, it is well suited for welding high thermal conductivity coefficient and to excessively thermo-responsive copper and copper alloy.Plasma arc be it is a kind of after compression
Electric arc, energy density height increases, and welding heat affected zone is smaller.Thin plate can not preheat square groove and once be welded into, connector
Quality can achieve base material level.
To achieve the goals above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of thin plate brass does not preheat plasma arc welding method, comprising the following steps:
(1) plate pre-welding treatment: first with alcohol remove plate surface greasy dirt, then with sand paper polish plate surface, then use acetone
Clean the surface is finally dried, and cannot be overheated during the grinding process, and temperature is no more than 100 DEG C；
(2) it assembles plate: sheet material workpiece is fixed on fixture, using I shape groove, control assembly precision, back does not use pad
Plate；
(3) spot welding: installing run-on tab and end tab additional at plate both ends, in striking version and point of intersection to welding line with formal before weldering
Welding current, the time spot welding for carrying out 1 ~ 2s forms after complete solder joint that the starting the arc is welded on run-on tab again, and is drawing
Stop to weld blow-out on ejecting plate, postwelding removes run-on tab；
(4) it welds: being welded using plasma arc welding (PAW) welding system, adjust the position of welding gun, welding wire, regulate welding parameter, carry out
Welding；
(5) natural cooling；
(6) visual examination and test.
Preferably, the fixture includes bottom plate, left compressing member, right compressing member, the left compressing member and the right compression
Part is made of top weight and lower section weight, and one piece of top weight is correspondingly arranged up and down with one piece of lower section weight,
Between the two it is plate accommodating cavity, and forms welding chamber between the left compressing member and the right compressing member, the plate is set
In it is described welding it is intracavitary and to accommodating cavity extend fixed placement, in the soleplate heart position also set up protection gas venthole.
Preferably, also setting up compression point on the top weight, the lower section weight height is 20mm, top weight
Height be 15mm, two pieces of weight spacing distance s control is in 60 ~ 70mm.
Preferably, the plasma nozzle aperture of the plasma arc welding (PAW) welding system is 2.5mm, cerium tungsten electrode diameter is
3.2mm, nozzle bore ratio be 1.0 ~ 1.2, tungsten electrode neck-in be 2.0mm, plasma nozzle to weldment height be 5mm, welding gun and
Workpiece is vertical, protection air-flow amount 12-16L/min.
Preferably, the welding current is 75-79A, speed of welding 180-220mm/min, plasma gas flow rate is
2.0-2.4L/min, wire feed rate 1.7m/min.
Preferably, the welding current is 77A, speed of welding 200mm/min, plasma gas flow rate 2.2L/
min。
Preferably, controlling between plate gap width≤0.1mm in the welding process.
Preferably, the welding wire uses S221 brass welding wire, the welding wire and plate angle, θ are 20 ° ~ 40 °, end of welding
Portion is 1 ~ 2.5mm away from workpiece height, and welding wire end is 2 ~ 4mm away from ignition tip centre distance.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention does not preheat thin plate brass sheet material using the PLASMA ARC WELDING that fills silk,
Back does not use backing plate, and single-sided welding two-sides forming, simple process, cost is relatively low.
The weld seam that weld seam is formed is beautiful, and microstructure is clear, and property of welded joint is good, and mechanical property is more than base material, weldering
It stitches tensile strength to rise, reaches base material 105.7%, tensile sample is broken on base material.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is present invention welding schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is present clip installation diagram.
Fig. 3 is back floor diagram.
Fig. 4 is that welding wire end of the present invention adjusts schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is spot welding position schematic diagram.
Fig. 6 is plate groove schematic diagram.
Fig. 7 a is that the positive and negative of not sealing weld wire bond jointed sheet material shape figure.
Fig. 7 b is the weld seam macro morphology of not sealing weld wire bond jointed sheet material.
Fig. 8 a is that the positive and negative of sealing weld wire bond jointed sheet material shape figure.
Fig. 8 b is the weld seam macro morphology of sealing weld wire bond jointed sheet material.
Fig. 9 a is to shape comparative diagram using the welded blank positive and negative of welding current 75A.
Fig. 9 b is to shape comparative diagram using the welded blank positive and negative of welding current 79A.
Figure 10 a is to shape comparative diagram using the welded blank positive and negative of speed of welding 180mm/min.
Figure 10 b is to shape comparative diagram using the welded blank positive and negative of speed of welding 220mm/min.
Figure 11 a is to shape figure using the welded blank front of plasma gas flow rate 2.0L/min.
Figure 11 b is to shape figure using the welded blank front of plasma gas flow rate 2.4L/min.
A, b, c are respectively the welded blank front forming comparative diagram of workpiece gap 0.1mm, 0.2mm, 0.5mm in Figure 12.
A, b, c, d, e are not sealing weld wire bond jointed sheet material respectively in 50 × welding point microstructure 200 × nearly seam in Figure 13
Area's microstructure 200 × base material microstructure 200 × fusion area microscopic structure and 500 × Microstructure of Weld Metal comparative diagram.
A, b, c, d, e are that sealing weld wire bond jointed sheet material is aobvious in 50 × welding point, 200 × toe of weld of microstructure respectively in Figure 14
Micro-group, 200 × fusion area, 200 × microstructure of overheated of microstructure and 500 × Microstructure of Weld Metal comparative diagram.
Figure 15 a is fracture position figure after sample 1-1 is stretched.
Figure 15 b is fracture position figure after sample 1-2 is stretched.
Figure 16 a is sample 1-1 welding point fracture apperance figure.
Figure 16 b is sample 1-2 welding point fracture apperance figure.
Figure 17 a is the fracture spectroscopy detection figure of sample 1-2.
Figure 17 b is the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of sample 1-2 stretching fracture.
Wherein: 1- tungsten electrode, 2- nozzle, 3- welding gun, 4- plasma (orifice) gas, 5- protect gas, 6- welding wire wire leading pipe, 7- fixture, 8-
Plate, 9- air inlet, 10- venthole, the top 11- weight, the lower section 12- weight, 13- bottom plate, 14- compress point, 15- welding gun, 16-
Welding wire, 17- run-on tab, 18- spot welding point, 19- end tab.
Specific embodiment
In order to make those skilled in the art be better understood on technical solution of the present invention, with reference to the accompanying drawing and
Embodiment is further described technical solution of the present invention.
Embodiment: referring to shown in attached drawing 1-6, a kind of thin plate brass does not preheat plasma arc welding method, including following
Step:
(1) plate pre-welding treatment: first with alcohol remove 8 surface and oil contaminant of plate, then with 400# sand paper polishing 8 surface of plate, to go
Then oxide film dissolving uses acetone clean the surface, to remove the greasy dirt and impurity on weldment surface, finally drying keeps drying for standby,
Cannot overheat during the grinding process, temperature be no more than 100 DEG C, used thin plate plate 8 with a thickness of 2mm；The chemistry of material
Ingredient is as shown in the table
(2) it assembles plate: 8 workpiece of plate is fixed on fixture 7, using I shape groove, control assembly precision, back does not use
Backing plate；The fixture 7 includes bottom plate 13, left compressing member, right compressing member, and the left compressing member and the right compressing member are by top
Weight 11 and lower section weight 12 form, and one piece of top weight 11 is correspondingly arranged with one piece of about 12 lower section weight, and two
It is 8 accommodating cavity of plate between person, and forms welding chamber between the left compressing member and the right compressing member, the plate 8 is set
In it is described welding it is intracavitary and to accommodating cavity extend fixed placement, 13 center of bottom plate also set up protection 5 venthole 10 of gas；?
Compression point 14 is also set up on the top weight 11,12 height of lower section weight is 20mm, and the height of top weight 11 is
15mm, two pieces of weight spacing distance s controls are in 60 ~ 70mm；By using the air circulation of bottom after above-mentioned fixture 7, make to weld
The zinc fume evaporated in the process can be discharged, and 13 upper side of bottom plate is equipped with air inlet 9, connect with protection 5 pipe of gas, 13 bottom of bottom plate
Venthole 10 is set；Fit-up gap a for the stability for guaranteeing plasma arc welding (PAW) termination process, weldment is controlled within 0.1mm, wrong
Side amount b will be controlled 0 ~ 0.1t (t is test plate (panel) thickness)；
(3) spot welding: in thin plate plasma arc butt welding, due to the effect of liquid metal surface tension, weld seam is at 8 both ends of plate
Edge often generates notch, to overcome this phenomenon the starting the arc and can stop arc at 3 ~ 4mm within edges of boards, most preferably the two of plate
End installs run-on tab 17 and end tab 15 additional；Therefore run-on tab 17 and end tab 15 are installed additional at 8 both ends of plate, before weldering in striking version and
To the formal welding current of point of intersection of welding line, the time spot welding for carrying out 1 ~ 2s is formed after complete solder joint again in run-on tab
The starting the arc on 17, and welded by spot welding point 18 shown in fig. 5, and stop to weld blow-out on end tab 15, postwelding removes striking
Plate 17；The weldment of point postwelding must be welded on the same day, if cannot weld in time, be needed with the coverings such as polybag, next time
It needs to handle surface again when welding；For used thin plate, welding deformation is larger, and suitable spot-welding technology can make work
Part has certain non-deformability, if having used unreasonable spot-welding technology that workpiece can be made just to generate remaining welding before welding
Stress has an impact the accumulation of subsequent welding residual stress；
(4) weld: welded using plasma arc welding (PAW) welding system, PLASMA ARC WELDING engineer testing system used herein be by
The Fronius company of Austria provides the series of digitized automatic welder of Trans Tig5000 of production, matches Plasma
Module10 plasma arc generator, entire welding system further include: the source of welding current, wire feed system and welding control cabinet etc.；It should
Plasma welding welding system specifically includes tungsten electrode 1, nozzle 2, welding gun 3, plasma (orifice) gas 4, protection gas 5,16 wire leading pipe 6 of welding wire；
Lead to protection 10 ~ 20s of gas, protection air-flow amount 12-16L/min, first to guarantee that protection gas 5 is arranged at weld seam bottom and upper surface.By
Zinc fume is had in welding process, therefore weld fumes clarifier is used to absorb zinc fume and other welding exhaust gas, using direct current
Just meeting polarity connection, the starting the arc delay 1s, wire feed 3 ~ 5s of lag time；
2 aperture of plasma nozzle of the plasma arc welding (PAW) welding system is 2.5mm, and 1 diameter of cerium tungsten electrode is 3.2mm, 2 duct of nozzle
Than being 1.0 ~ 1.2,1 neck-in of tungsten electrode is 2.0mm, and plasma nozzle 2 to weldment height is 5mm, and welding gun 3 is vertical with workpiece；It adjusts
The position for saving welding gun 3, welding wire 16, regulates welding parameter, is welded；The welding current is 75-79A, and speed of welding is
180-220mm/min, 4 flow of plasma (orifice) gas are 2.0-2.4L/min, and wire feed rate 1.7m/min is controlled in the welding process
Between 8 gap widths of plate≤0.1mm；The welding wire 16 uses S221 brass welding wire 16, the welding wire 16 and 8 angle, θ of plate
It is 20 ° ~ 40 °, 16 end of welding wire is 1 ~ 2.5mm away from workpiece height c, and 16 end of welding wire is 2 ~ 4mm away from ignition tip centre distance d；
The welding current is 77A in embodiment, and speed of welding 200mm/min, 4 flow of plasma (orifice) gas is 2.2L/min, welding
Fit-up gap width is 0.1mm；
Specific welding operation are as follows: will be reduced in tungsten electrode 1 inside conductive nozzle 2,1 end of tungsten electrode ionizes plasma (orifice) gas 4 and generates electricity
Arc, when electric arc is by conductive nozzle 2, by the compression of nozzle 2, so that electric arc degree of ionization is higher, energy density is more concentrated, temperature
Du Genggao is additionally needed and is protected gas 5 and influenced with protecting welding process not by outside air；Needing to add welding wire 16
In test, select suitable spatial position that welding wire 16 is sent into electric arc；
(5) natural cooling: postwelding waits workpiece natural cooling, is cooled to after room temperature loose clamp 7 again, removes workpiece, can be right
Weld seam carries out hammering appropriate, to discharge residual stress；
(6) visual examination and test.
Present invention employs 8 embodiments to be tested, and do not filled silk first plate butt welding, and adjustment parameter is welded
It is seamed into the best experimental data of type.The plate butt welding that fills silk is carried out again, chooses welding current, speed of welding and plasma gas flow rate
These three technological parameters carry out Experimental comparison as variable, inquire into the tissue shape of welding point under different welding conditions
The changing rule of looks and performance.It is as shown in table 1 below respectively
Table 1 is that H62 brass direct current welds embodiment
Experimental analysis one: structure observation and method after present invention welding
The macro morphology of face of weld is looked first at, whether observation weld seam macro morphology is regular scalelike mark shape, and whether is had
Apparent welding defect such as collapses, undercut, and takes pictures to it.
Choose the same position of welding point under different welding procedures, carry out wire cutting, do it is cold inlay, materials and prepare gold
Phase sample, successively in 240#, 400#, 800#, 1000#, 1500# grind sample on the carborundum paper of 1800#, then will examination
Sample is placed on polishing machine and is mechanically polished, and polishing cloth selects spun gold flannelette, and it is W2.5, W1.5 that granularity is selected when polishing,
The diamond paste of W0.5 is polished step by step.After the completion of polishing, corrosive agent is selected to corrode polished sample.
Because there are many specific proportions of material, specific corrosive agent to be shown in Table 3
3 corrosive agent of table proportion
The metallographic specimen etched observes the macro morphology of welding point first under Olympus stereomicroscope and measures weldering
The fusion penetration and molten wide of seam, measurement are averaged three times and find out its depth-to-width ratio, then use Axiovert.200MAT metallography microscope
The observation and analysis and research of mirror progress metallographic structure.
Experimental analysis two: tension test test
Tension test is implemented according to " GB_T2651-2008 welding point stretching test method ", and every group stretches 2 samples, with
More universal result is observed, particularity and contingency are excluded.More universal result is finally chosen to analyze.Tensile sample is standard tensile
Sample, sample thickness 2mm, all tensile samples are butt welding complete penetraction and fusion in welding connector, and weld seam topside height and root reinforcement are equal
It is removed.
After stretching, the length section of about 10mm under the saw blade saw of fracture surface of sample position uses in ultrasonic cleaning instrument
Acetone and alcohol washes fracture are put under scanning electron microscope later and observe fracture apperance.
One, welding point macro morphology and size are observed using sealing weld silk and not sealing weld silk
Shown in attached drawing 7a, 7b, be do not fill silk PLASMA ARC WELDING engineer testing the positive and negative (sample 1-1) forming figure and it is macro
Shape appearance figure is seen, face of weld has portion concave, and observable goes out the molding form in molten bath, but weld seam protection is insufficient, there is oxide
It is formed, back of weld has certain reinforcement, and reinforcement shaping surface is poor.Plate is relatively thin, in the welding process plate bulk temperature
It increases, deforms, so that weld seam tail portion heat input is excessively high, form burn-through.3.28mm on weld pool width；Lower 4.44mm；
Welding point microstructure is carried out to sample 1-1, as shown in a, b, c, d, e in Figure 13, it can be seen that joint edge in Figure 13 a
Edge has stomata, and the thermal conductivity of brass is good, and the cooling velocity of welding pool is fast, so that the gas floating time is short in liquid state molten pool, gas
Body has little time evolution and just forms stomata, this is the main reason for there are stomatas in weld seam.To have two in the existence form of stomata
Kind: first is that brass can dissolve a large amount of hydrogen in liquid, in cooling and process of setting, solubility, which will be greatly reduced, leads to hydrogen
Have little time evolution and forms stomata；Second is that the hydrogen in molten bath can be chemically reacted with cuprous oxide, shape in brass welding process
At vapor do not dissolve in copper liquid, having little time evolution when cooling leads to the generation of stomata；
In Figure 13 b, the tissue in the area Jin Feng is α and β phase that is heated and recrystallizing, and crystal grain recrystallizes, in welding, Zn content
Decline, β phase are reduced, and have more α phases to be precipitated.In Figure 13 c, base material is apparent alpha+beta tissue, wherein white is α phase,
Black is β phase.In Figure 13 d, it can be observed to be evident that fusion area, weld edge has column crystal raw since cooling is very fast
It is longer, it organizes thinner.In Figure 13 e, seam organization crystal grain is tiny, the αsolidsolution largely in dendritic segregation occurs, greyish black
Color is β phase, this is because Zn is by thermal evaporation in high temperature in the welding process, so that Zn content is few, β phase amount is reduced.
To the microstructure observation of sample 1-2 silk filling PLASMA ARC WELDING connector, as shown in a, b, c, d, e in Figure 14；?
In Figure 14 a, there are apparent difference in weld seam and heat affected area, and melt run is obvious, and histological difference is larger, in Figure 14 b, recrystallization zone
Edge due to cooling velocity it is fast, organize it is elongated, hole is shrinkage cavity, fusing metal shrink and generate in process of setting
Hole, in Figure 14 c, d, the variation of base material, heat affected area changes class with the base material for the weld seam that do not fill silk in Figure 13, heat affected area
Seemingly；
Using S221 brass welding wire, containing a certain amount of Sn, seam organization is Cu-Zn-Sn ternary alloy three-partalloy tissue, a small amount of tin
Can be dissolved in α and alpha+beta.In Figure 14 e, matrix is α phase, remaining is (α+γ) eutectoid, and γ phase is analysed from β phase
Out.
To sum up, to sample 1-1,1-2, tension test is carried out, to compare the influence to fill silk, does 2 stretching examinations with group test
It tests, is averaged, drafting results such as table 4, fracture position figure shows as shown in Figure 15 a, b respectively using the plasma that fills silk after stretching
The tensile strength of weld seam can be improved in arc welding.Fracture position after sample stretches；
4 H62 brass of table welds tension test
It is the original maximum, force of two stretching samples in ().
The mechanical property of brass and amount containing Zn, the state of phase, quantity and close relationship is distributed with, the plasticity of α contains with Zn
The increase of amount and increase, but can sharply decline after β phase occurs, and tensile strength can increase always, just when γ phase occurs
It can occur significantly to decline；Such as Figure 12, in the weld seam that do not fill silk, α is increased significantly, and β is reduced, and Zn content sharply declines in weld seam,
So that the tensile strength of weld seam declines；
After a small amount of tin is added in Cu-Zn alloy, tin can be dissolved into α and alpha+beta, so that α phase, β phase are in multicomponent alloy
Solid solution, strengthening effect compared with Cu-Zn bianry alloy α phase, β phase is much better than, have higher corrosion resistance, intensity and hardness.
In Figure 14 e, after adding welding wire, seam organization is the α phase for having tin to be dissolved and α+γ eutectoid, is resisted relative to base material α phase, β phase
Tensile strength will increase, so that weld seam tensile strength rises, will make tensile sample fracture on base material, respectively sample 1-1,
Fracture position figure after 1-2 is stretched.
It is carried out by the pattern of scanning electron microscopic observation stretching fracture, as a result as shown in Figure 16 a, 16b, sample 1-2 is to fill silk
The weld seam of welding cracks at base material, observed a large amount of dimple pattern, illustrates welding point under tensile load effect
Fracture mode is ductile rupture.Some particles are arranged at dimple bottom, and Figure 17 a is spectroscopy detection figure, and Figure 17 b is electron-microscope scanning figure, table 5
For particle constituent content as a result, being Cu-Zn alloy.
5 spectroscopy detection constituent content result (%) of table
Sample 1-1 is the weld seam that welding wire is not added, and cracks in weld edge, equally has dimple on fracture, but dimple size subtracts
Small, dimple bottom is substantially without field trash, the equal very little of diameter and depth of the dimple generated under the action of direct stress, and shape
It is parenchymatous.The dimple diameter and depth that sample 1-2 occurs are relatively large, and shape includes isometric shape and elongated,
Occurs new small dimple around relatively large dimple.This is because shear mode has occurred when tensile load continues to increase,
The shape of dimple is widened elongation.Thus can illustrate, the load ratio sample 1-1 that sample 1-2 is born is big, this makes tiny
Equiaxial dimple becomes dimple that is relatively large and elongating.
Therefore, the plastic deformation that sample 1-2 is occurred is larger, therefore the mechanical performance of Sample A 3 such as intensity and plasticity
Stronger than sample 1-1, this is also identical with the stretch test result being listed in table 3-3.
Attached drawing 8a, 8b are the positive and negative forming figure and macro morphology figure of silk filling PLASMA ARC WELDING engineer testing, are obtained
When welding parameter is: welding current 77A, plasma gas flow rate 2.2L/min, weldering speed 200mm/min, wire feed rate are
When 1.7m/min, i.e. sample 1-2, appearance of weld is beautiful, and non-welding surface meets defect generation, 5.83mm on weld pool width；Under
4.39mm。
Two, the influence of welding current Welded Joints macro morphology and size
When ion-gas flow is 2.2L/min, weldering speed 200mm/min, wire feed rate are 1.7m/min, welding current difference
For 75A, 77A, 79A, i.e. sample 1-3,1-2,1-4, as shown in Fig. 9 a, 8a, 9b, welding current increases appearance of weld, weldering
Heat input increase is connect, so that part weld seam burn-through；Welding current becomes smaller, and cannot form aperture, belongs to the welding of penetration type, welding electricity
If stream is too small, back of weld is through welding；
When welding current is 75A, 77A, the front and back molding of weld seam is all preferable, but when welding current is 79A, weld seam
There is interruption burn-through in front, and deposited metal is sprawled very poor, and back of weld penetration metal is more.
Three, the influence of speed of welding Welded Joints macro morphology and size
When ion-gas flow is 2.2L/min, welding current 77A, wire feed rate are 1.7m/min, speed of welding is respectively
180mm/min, 200mm/min, 220mm/min, i.e. test 1-5,1-2,1-6, appearance of weld such as Figure 10 a, 8a, 10b institute
Show.
Four, the influence of plasma gas flow rate Welded Joints macro morphology and size
When welding current is 77A, speed of welding 200mm/min, wire feed rate are 1.7m/min, ion-gas flow is respectively
2.0L/min, 2.2L/min, 2.4L/min, i.e. test 1-7,1-2,1-8, appearance of weld such as Figure 11 a, 8a, 11b institute
Show.
Five, the influence of plate gap width Welded Joints macro morphology and size
In the actual production process, it is possible that the workpiece gap of one fixed width, when gap enlargement is to 0.2mm, originally
Welding parameter cannot be used, and adjustment parameter is needed, because being welded after expanding gap with original parameter, appearance of weld is too poor,
Therefore when the clearance increases, it is in order to illustrate best that other parameters, which need adaptability to increase, therefore do the experiment of different gap
Under welding parameter, workpiece gap maximum can be 1mm when assembly, now controls workpiece gap width and is tested, is shown in Table 2, gap
Width is set to 0.1mm, 0.2mm, 0.5mm, i.e., as shown in a, b, c in Figure 12；
Table 2 is the embodiment for changing workpiece gap width
In conclusion the present invention has shown that thin plate brass is not pre- by using above-mentioned process, by 8 control embodiments
The parameter of thermal weld: being 2.5mm for copper conduction nozzle bore, and cerium tungsten electrode is 3.2mm, and tungsten electrode neck-in is 2.0mm, conductive nozzle
It is 5mm to weldment height, welding protection gas and plasma (orifice) gas are 99.99% pure Ar gas, and misalignment is assembled in fit-up gap≤1mm
Amount≤0.1t (t is test plate (panel) thickness), without preheating before welding, using straight polarity direct current, welding current 77A, ion-gas flow
For 2.2L/min, weldering speed 200mm/min, wire feed rate 1.7m/min；Parameter is to weld seam macro morphology in welding procedure
Be affected, when technological parameter selection not at that time, be also easy to produce the welding such as through welding, stomata, incompletely filling, weld seam upper surface recess and lack
It falls into；When technological parameter selection is suitable, obtained weld seam has suitable weld size and generates without macroscopical welding defect；And this
Invention uses plasma welding connection technology in thin plate brass not preheated weld, and using after above-mentioned parameter, appearance of weld is preferable, weldering
There is certain reinforcement on the two sides of seam, and shapes good；So that weld seam tensile strength rises, reach base material 105.7%, stretches examination
Sample is broken on base material.
The basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention have been shown and described above.The technology of the industry
Personnel are it should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and description only describe this
The principle of invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various changes and improvements may be made to the invention, these changes
Change and improvement all fall within the protetion scope of the claimed invention.The claimed scope of the invention by appended claims and its
Equivalent thereof.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of thin plate brass does not preheat plasma arc welding method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) plate pre-welding treatment: first with alcohol remove plate surface greasy dirt, then with sand paper polish plate surface, then use acetone
Clean the surface is finally dried, and cannot be overheated during the grinding process, and temperature is no more than 100 DEG C；
(2) it assembles plate: sheet material workpiece is fixed on fixture, using I shape groove, control assembly precision, back does not use pad
Plate；
(3) spot welding: installing run-on tab and end tab additional at plate both ends, in striking version and point of intersection to welding line with formal before weldering
Welding current, the time spot welding for carrying out 1 ~ 2s forms after complete solder joint that the starting the arc is welded on run-on tab again, and is drawing
Stop to weld blow-out on ejecting plate, postwelding removes run-on tab；
(4) it welds: being welded using plasma arc welding (PAW) welding system, adjust the position of welding gun, welding wire, regulate welding parameter, carry out
Welding；
(5) natural cooling；
(6) visual examination and test.
2. a kind of thin plate brass according to claim 1 does not preheat plasma arc welding method, it is characterised in that: described
Fixture includes bottom plate, left compressing member, right compressing member, and the left compressing member and the right compressing member are pressed by top weight and lower section
Iron composition, one piece of top weight are correspondingly arranged up and down with one piece of lower section weight, are between the two plate accommodating cavity, and
And welding chamber is formed between the left compressing member and the right compressing member, it is intracavitary and to accommodating cavity that the plate is placed in the welding
Extend fixed placement, heart position also sets up protection gas venthole in the soleplate.
3. a kind of thin plate brass according to claim 2 does not preheat plasma arc welding method, it is characterised in that: in institute
It states and also sets up compression point on the weight of top, the lower section weight height is 20mm, and the height of top weight is 15mm, two pieces of weights
Spacing distance s is controlled in 60 ~ 70mm.
4. a kind of thin plate brass according to claim 1 does not preheat plasma arc welding method, it is characterised in that: described
The plasma nozzle aperture of plasma arc welding (PAW) welding system be 2.5mm, cerium tungsten electrode diameter be 3.2mm, nozzle bore ratio be 1.0 ~
1.2, tungsten electrode neck-in is 2.0mm, and plasma nozzle to weldment height is 5mm, and welding gun is vertical with workpiece, protection air-flow amount 12-
16L/min。
5. a kind of thin plate brass according to claim 1 does not preheat plasma arc welding method, it is characterised in that: described
Welding current is 75-79A, speed of welding 180-220mm/min, plasma gas flow rate 2.0-2.4L/min, wire feed rate
For 1.7m/min.
6. a kind of thin plate brass according to claim 5 does not preheat plasma arc welding method, it is characterised in that: described
Welding current is 77A, speed of welding 200mm/min, plasma gas flow rate 2.2L/min.
7. a kind of thin plate brass according to claim 1-6 does not preheat plasma arc welding method, feature
It is: controls between plate gap width≤0.1mm in the welding process.
8. a kind of thin plate brass according to claim 7 does not preheat plasma arc welding method, it is characterised in that: described
Welding wire uses S221 brass welding wire, and the welding wire and plate angle, θ are 20 ° ~ 40 °, welding wire end away from workpiece height be 1 ~
2.5mm, welding wire end are 2 ~ 4mm away from ignition tip centre distance.
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| CN113210836A (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2021-08-06 | 四川航天长征装备制造有限公司 | Weak-bonding-free friction stir welding method for long straight longitudinal seam of aluminum alloy medium-thickness plate cylinder section |
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