CN109499554A - 一种镉离子印迹材料的制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents

一种镉离子印迹材料的制备方法及其应用 Download PDF

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CN109499554A
CN109499554A CN201811591958.7A CN201811591958A CN109499554A CN 109499554 A CN109499554 A CN 109499554A CN 201811591958 A CN201811591958 A CN 201811591958A CN 109499554 A CN109499554 A CN 109499554A
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康澍
王利平
王倩
兰天
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Beijing Purkinje General Instrument Co Ltd
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    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/22Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
    • B01J20/26Synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • B01J20/268Polymers created by use of a template, e.g. molecularly imprinted polymers
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    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D15/00Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with solid sorbents; Apparatus therefor
    • B01D15/08Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28014Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
    • B01J20/28016Particle form

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Abstract

一种镉离子印迹材料的制备方法及其应用,一、将1mmol氯化镉和1~6mmol表面活性剂胶束与1mol高纯水混合,在室温条件下搅拌1h,制得溶液;二、在步骤一的溶液中,加入1~6mmol功能单体,在室温条件下搅拌1h,形成镉离子配合物;所述功能单体为3‑巯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷;三、将10~20mmol原硅酸四乙酯溶解于2~10ml甲醇中,与步骤二制得的配合物混合,在室温条件下磁力搅拌24~48h,再于90℃水浴反应24h,形成聚合物;四、将步骤三形成的聚合物在乙醇溶液中进行索提24h,再用1mol/L盐酸溶液多次洗涤,至洗脱液中未检出镉离子止,最后用高纯水洗至中性,干燥箱干燥即可。本发明制备的镉离子印迹聚合物,采用分子印迹技术,对镉离子具有特异性选择性。

Description

一种镉离子印迹材料的制备方法及其应用
技术领域
本发明涉及一种镉离子印迹材料的制备方法及其应用,属于镉离子印迹材料的制备方法及其应用技术领域。
背景技术
重金属污染不同于其他有机物的污染,重金属具有富集性,很难在环境中降解。如随废水排出的重金属,即使含量很低,也会在藻类和底泥中积累,被鱼和贝类吸附,产生食物链浓缩,造成公害。镉是毒性最强的重金属元素之一,即使在很低的浓度水平,也会对人类和健康带来影响。国际癌症研究机构(IRAC,1993)将镉归类为人类致癌物。由于镉污染物对人类及动物的危害,国内外出台了很多相关管理法规,并多次修订镉污染物限量,要求越来越严格,涵盖的样品种类也越来越多。如对饮用水,世界卫生组织WHO规定的限量值为3.0μg L-1(WHO,2006),美国5.0μg L-1(USEPA,2003),我国规定的限量值10.0μg L-1;对谷物类,我国规定的镉限量值为0.2mg kg-1。然而,生物及环境样品中镉的含量是很低的,且基质复杂,需要经过预分离富集,才能进行检测。目前,富集分离过程的研究主要包括富集分离方法的改进和开发具有富集分离功能的材料两个方面。对于后者,从早期的活性炭等天然吸附材料到现今的吸附树脂等合成材料,对金属离子的吸附没有选择性,不能实现对某种金属离子专一性吸附。而印迹技术就是仿照抗体形成机理,围绕模板分子形成高度交联的刚性高分子,除去模板分子后,在聚合物的网络结构中留下了与模板分子大小和形状相匹配的立体空穴,同时空穴中含有识别模板分子的结合位点,对模板客体分子表现高度的选择识别性能。利用该技术制备的金属离子印迹聚合物具有亲和性和选择性高、稳定性好、应用范围广等优点,可以实现从复杂基体中预富集和分离被分析物的目的。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决上述现有技术存在的问题,进而提供一种镉离子印迹材料的制备方法及其应用。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种镉离子印迹材料的制备方法,
步骤一、将1mmol氯化镉和1~6mmol表面活性剂胶束与1mol高纯水混合,在室温条件下搅拌1h,制得溶液;
步骤二、在步骤一的溶液中,加入1~6mmol功能单体,在室温条件下搅拌1h,形成镉离子配合物;所述功能单体为3-巯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷;
步骤三、将10~20mmol原硅酸四乙酯溶解于2~10ml甲醇中,与步骤二制得的配合物混合,在室温条件下磁力搅拌24~48h,再于90℃水浴反应24h,形成聚合物;
步骤四、将步骤三形成的聚合物在乙醇溶液中进行索提24h,再用1mol/L盐酸溶液多次洗涤,至洗脱液中未检出镉离子止,最后用高纯水洗至中性,干燥箱干燥即可。
所述步骤一中,将1mmol氯化镉和2.5mmol表面活性剂胶束与1mol高纯水混合。
所述步骤二中,加入4.1mmol功能单体。
所述步骤三中,将16.2mmol原硅酸四乙酯溶解于4.7ml甲醇中。
本发明的有益效果:
1、本发明制备的镉离子印迹聚合物,采用分子印迹技术,对镉离子具有特异性选择性。
2、本发明制备的镉离子印迹聚合物,采用溶胶-凝胶法,得到的聚合物为微球,粒径均匀,避免了研磨导致的识别位点破坏。
3、本发明制备的镉离子印迹聚合物,经再生,可反复利用。
附图说明
图1为镉离子印迹聚合物吸附镉离子等温线图。
图2为镉离子印迹聚合物电镜图。
图3为镉离子印迹聚合物电镜图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本发明做进一步的详细说明:本实施例在以本发明技术方案为前提下进行实施,给出了详细的实施方式,但本发明的保护范围不限于下述实施例。
实施例1
镉离子印迹聚合物的制备
(1)将1mmol氯化镉和1~6mmol表面活性剂胶束与1mol高纯水混合,在室温下搅拌1h;
(2)在步骤(1)的溶液中,加入1~6mmol功能单体,在室温下搅拌1h,形成镉离子配合物;所述功能单体为3-巯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷;
(3)将10~20mmol原硅酸四乙酯溶解于2~10ml甲醇中,与步骤(2)中的溶液混合,在室温下磁力搅拌24~48h,再于90℃水浴反应24h,形成聚合物;
(4)步骤(3)中形成的聚合物在乙醇溶液中进行索提24h,再用1mol/L盐酸溶液多次洗涤,至洗脱液中未检出镉离子止,最后用高纯水洗至中性,干燥箱干燥。
本实施例所提供的镉离子印迹聚合物,采用印迹技术与溶胶-凝胶技术相结合的方法,粒径均匀、吸附-脱附速度快、吸附容量大,可用于食品、环境等样品中镉离子污染物的分离富集。
实施例2
镉离子印迹聚合物的吸附容量
准确称取多份100mg的镉离子印迹聚合物于15mL的离心管中,分别加入10mL不同浓度的镉离子溶液(100~600μg/ml),振荡0.5h,离心分离,用原子吸收仪测定上清液中镉离子的浓度。(如图1所示)结果表明,镉(II)离子印迹聚合物的饱和吸附量为107.97μg/mg,具有较好的吸附性能。
实施例3
富集倍数测定
将实施例制备的镉离子印迹聚合物装填入固相萃取柱中,考察了不同上样体积条件下,镉离子印迹聚合物对镉离子的富集性能。实验中,增加试样溶液的体积,并保持镉离子总量在100μg,在最佳吸附条件下分别过柱,而洗脱均采用10ml的洗脱试剂,收集洗脱液,然后通过对镉离子回收率的测定来研究其富集倍数。结果如表1所示,在试样体积1000ml时,镉离子的回收率为91.9%,表明镉离子印迹聚合物对镉离子具有良好的富集能力,其富集倍数为100。
表1镉离子印迹聚合物对水样中镉离子的富集试验
实施例4
镉离子印迹聚合物的选择性吸附测定
准确称取实施例制备的镉离子印迹聚合物100mg于15mL离心管中,加入10mL含镉离子和竞争离子(如汞离子或铜离子)的溶液,振荡0.5h,离心分离,上清液检测吸附后溶液中镉离子浓度,沉淀物中加入10ml1M盐酸溶液,振荡0.5h,离心分离,取上清液检测洗脱后溶液中镉离子浓度。
表2是镉离子印迹聚合物对不同浓度铜(II)和汞(II)的竞争吸附结果。可以看出,镉离子印迹聚合物对模板镉离子的吸附率远高于其他离子,体现了印迹的效果。
表2镉离子印迹聚合物选择性吸附试验(n=5)
实施例5
实际样品中镉离子的净化富集
称取被镉污染红米样品2个,各平行5份,按国标方法消解后,通过镉离子印迹聚合物净化富集后通过原子吸收仪检测,检测结果如下表:
试验结果表明,样品经镉离子印迹聚合物净化富集后,检测结果相对误差5.5%-6.4%,相对标准偏差均小于10%。
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,这些具体实施方式都是基于本发明整体构思下的不同实现方式,而且本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到的变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此,本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书的保护范围为准。

Claims (5)

1.一种镉离子印迹材料的制备方法,其特征在于,
步骤一、将1mmol氯化镉和1~6mmol表面活性剂胶束与1mol高纯水混合,在室温条件下搅拌1h,制得溶液;
步骤二、在步骤一的溶液中,加入1~6mmol功能单体,在室温条件下搅拌1h,形成镉离子配合物;所述功能单体为3-巯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷;
步骤三、将10~20mmol原硅酸四乙酯溶解于2~10ml甲醇中,与步骤二制得的配合物混合,在室温条件下磁力搅拌24~48h,再于90℃水浴反应24h,形成聚合物;
步骤四、将步骤三形成的聚合物在乙醇溶液中进行索提24h,再用1mol/L盐酸溶液多次洗涤,至洗脱液中未检出镉离子止,最后用高纯水洗至中性,干燥箱干燥即可。
2.根据权利要求1所述的镉离子印迹材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤一中,将1mmol氯化镉和2.5mmol表面活性剂胶束与1mol高纯水混合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的镉离子印迹材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤二中,加入4.1mmol功能单体。
4.根据权利要求1所述的镉离子印迹材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤三中,将16.2mmol原硅酸四乙酯溶解于4.7ml甲醇中。
5.一种权利要求1所述方法制备的镉离子印迹材料的应用。
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Application publication date: 20190322