CN109496730A - A kind of fertilizer and fertilizing method of Central Jilin spring maize single fertilization - Google Patents
A kind of fertilizer and fertilizing method of Central Jilin spring maize single fertilization Download PDFInfo
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- CN109496730A CN109496730A CN201811581044.2A CN201811581044A CN109496730A CN 109496730 A CN109496730 A CN 109496730A CN 201811581044 A CN201811581044 A CN 201811581044A CN 109496730 A CN109496730 A CN 109496730A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention belongs to fertilizer preparation technical fields, disclose the fertilizer and fertilizing method of a kind of Central Jilin spring maize single fertilization.Effective element weight percent in terms of pure nutrient are as follows: nitrogen 24%~28%, phosphorus pentoxide 8%~12%, potassium oxide 10%~14%, sulphur 0.9%~1.1%, zinc 0.4%~1.2%；All material fertilizers are carried out using mechanical or manpower to be uniformly mixed to prepare bulk blended fertilizer；Topsoil soils are disposably applied before corn seeding or using fertilizer as base manure when sowing, amount of application is 650~850kg/ hectares, and fertilizer placement is at 5~8cm of seed side-lower.The present invention has the characteristics that nutrient is complete, with strong points, effectively meets the nutrient demand in the region spring maize time of infertility, realizes and increases yield, improves apply fertilizer efficiency and utilization rate of fertilizer, the target for reducing environmental pollution and increasing economic efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fertilizer preparation technical field more particularly to a kind of fertilizer of Central Jilin spring maize single fertilization
And fertilizing method.
Background technique
Corn is the current first generalized grain crop in China, is also important feeding, industrial and energy source raw material, 20th century corn
The rapid growth of yield is made that major contribution to the survival and development of the Chinese nation.The Northeast is that the important corn in China is raw
Is produced from base, wherein there are seven to be located at the region in national ten big major grain-producing counties again using Central Jilin area as advantage main producing region, because
This region maize production occupies very important status in national Maize Industry.Current census continues to increase, food disappears
Take in the case that structure change and cultivated area constantly decline, stablizes and simultaneously continue growing the maize production in the region to ensureing China
Corn Industrialization and state food are of great significance safely.
In recent years, since labor cost increases, high-N compound fertilizer uses and middle and later periods top dressing is inconvenient, northeast corn kind
The single fertilization mode of growing area peasant increases sharply, and Central Jilin area single fertilization ratio has been approached 80% according to investigations.
Studies have shown that spring maize seedling stage nitrogen requirement in northeast is less, after Nitrogen Absorption peak typically occurs in jointing, instant nitrogenousfertilizer is primary
Property a large amount of bases apply and be contrary to its nitrogen demand rule, it is unfavorable to emergence and seedling growth.Moreover, because the activity and rapid wear of nitrogen
Mistake feature, instant nitrogenousfertilizer is under the conditions of disposably a large amount of bases are applied, later growth period then easily de- fertilizer and cause yield to decline, and fertilizer
The increase of investment also reduces economic benefit.And excessively applying nitrogen loss caused by nitrogen significantly reduces nitrogen utilization efficiency, can also
Cause the environmental problems such as water eutrophication, soil acidification and the nitrogen discharged increase of atmosphere activity.Therefore, universal for Current Farmers
It is expected that simplify fertilizer practice using light, and existing fertilizer product and single fertilization technology are difficult to meet high yield, high-quality, environmentally friendly
The practical problem of green production target, urgent need study a kind of fertilizer for being suitable for the spring maize single fertilization measure of Central Jilin area
Material formula and fertilizing method.
Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer has the characteristics that nutrients release is synchronous with crop absorption, is to increase yield, improve having for nitrogenous fertilizer efficiency
Effect approach.Rational Application Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer can meet the nitrogen nutrient demand of corn growth stage, and enhancing development obtains high yield, and
Reduce Groundwater Nitrate-nitrogen pollution.Currently, the price of Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer is generally higher, and single administration Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer environment because
Will lead to nutrients release early period under the conditions of plain unfavorable (such as Low Temperature in Spring or arid) slowly influences plant growth, and stage can be led
It causes inorganic nitrogen in soil residual excessive and increases ecological risk.It therefore, is effectively to solve by Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer and instant nitrogenousfertilizer blending application
The certainly best-of-breed technology approach of two kinds of measure correlation disadvantages of single administration instant nitrogenousfertilizer or single administration control nitrogen fertilizer application, on the one hand can be with
Realize it is quick-acting, slow nitrogen coordinate supply to better adapt to the nitrogen demand of crop, on the other hand can reduce fertilizer and
Cost of labor is to improve the economic well-being of workers and staff of peasant.The technological approaches carries out on some crops such as summer corn, winter rape
Research and probe, and relevant product development has been carried out, achieve preferable application effect.But for the Central Jilin regional spring
The Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer of corn and instant nitrogenousfertilizer blending application technique research are also less, and are all based on single test point or single test
Time, result of study lack general applicability, it is difficult to effectively regional production be instructed to practice, also affect spring maize and apply fertilizers scientifically
The development and perfection of technology.
In conclusion problem of the existing technology is:
(1) peasant household generallys use single fertilization mode, disposable a large amount of bases of instant nitrogenousfertilizer in the production of northeast spring maize
The nutrient requirement characteristics for running counter to spring maize are applied, emergence of corn is easily inhibited and cause a large amount of nitrogens loss, reduction utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer,
Increase environmental pollution and causes the later period underproduction.
(2) that there are prices is high, effect is unstable and soil nitrogen residual is more for existing single administration Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer technology
The problem of, and it is also less for the Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer of Central Jilin area spring maize and instant nitrogenousfertilizer blending application technique research, and
It is all based on single test point or single test time, experimental result lacks general applicability, it is difficult to effectively instruct region raw
Practice is produced, spring maize is also affected and applies fertilizers scientifically the development and perfection of technology.
Solve the difficulty and meaning of above-mentioned technical problem:
Bulk blended fertilizer and fertilizing method suitable for spring maize single fertilization have important application value and wide
Market prospects push resource-conserving and environmentally friendly green to China's the year two thousand twenty agrochemical " zero growth rate " target is realized
Agricultural development is also of great significance.
Summary of the invention
In view of the problems of the existing technology, the present invention provides a kind of fertilizer of Central Jilin spring maize single fertilization
And fertilizing method.
The invention is realized in this way a kind of fertilizer of Central Jilin spring maize single fertilization, in the fertilizer effectively
Element weight percent in terms of pure nutrient are as follows: nitrogen 24%~28%, phosphorus pentoxide 8%~12%, potassium oxide 10%~14%,
Sulphur 0.9%~1.1%, zinc 0.4%~1.2%.
Further, the auxiliary material in the bulk blended fertilizer be kaolin, diatomite, bentonite, account for fertilizer total weight 4%~
10%.
Further, controlled release nitrogen accounts for 30% in the sources of nitrogen of the bulk blended fertilizer, and quick-acting nitrogens account for 70%, potassium source
Middle potassium sulfate accounts for 15%, and potassium chloride accounts for 85%.
Further, effective element weight percent in terms of pure nutrient in the bulk blended fertilizer are as follows: nitrogen 26%, phosphorus 10%, potassium
12%, sulphur 1.0%, zinc 0.8%, auxiliary material account for the 7% of fertilizer total weight.
Further, Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer uses acquisition time for 60 days, nitrogen content 45% in the sources of nitrogen of the bulk blended fertilizer
Resin coated urea, instant nitrogenousfertilizer use nitrogen content for 46% common urea；Distinguished using potassium oxide content in potassium source
For 50%, 60% granular potassium sulfate and granule potassium chloride.
Further, the phosphorus element source of the bulk blended fertilizer uses nitrogen content for 18%, and phosphorus pentoxide content is 46%
Diammonium phosphate (DAP) particle；Thionin source uses sulfur content for 18.4% granular potassium sulfate and sulfur content is 17.9% a hydration sulphur
Sour zinc, zinc usually source use zinc content for 40.3% Zinc sulfate monohydrate.
Further, the preparation method of the fertilizer of the Central Jilin spring maize single fertilization is blending method, that is, uses machine
Tool or manpower are uniformly mixed all material fertilizers.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of applications of the fertilizer of Central Jilin spring maize single fertilization
Method, feature include:
(1) topsoil soils are disposably applied before corn seeding or when sowing using fertilizer as base manure；
(2) fertilizer placement is at 5~8cm of seed side-lower.
(3) amount of application is 650~850kg/ hectares.
Further, when yield level is lower than 8 ton/hectare, dose is 650kg/ hectares；Yield level is 8~10 tons/public affairs
Hectare when, dose be 650~750kg/ hectares；When yield level is 10~12 ton/hectare, dose is 750~850kg/ public
Hectare；When yield level is higher than 12 ton/hectare, dose is 850kg/ hectares.
In conclusion advantages of the present invention and good effect are as follows:
Single fertilization formula provided by the invention according to the soil nutrient supply characteristic of Central Jilin main maize area and
Spring maize time of infertility growth and development is to the demand characteristic and absorbing rule of nutrient, especially in accordance with the spring maize prometaphase to nitrogen
Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer and instant nitrogenousfertilizer are cooperated in suitable ratio, while being adjusted phosphorus, potassium etc. and is main by the demand and demand percentage of nutrient
The ratio of nutrient is wanted, and rationally matches and applies microelement in sulphur, zinc etc., thus have the characteristics that nutrient is complete, with strong points, it can be effective
Meet the nutrient demand in the region spring maize time of infertility, realizes and increase yield, improve fertilising efficiency and utilization rate of fertilizer, reduction
Environmental pollution and the target increased economic efficiency.
The present invention, as auxiliary material, can effectively be dispersed, balance nutrient element using kaolin, diatomite, bentonite, be realized
Reduce the target of abridged edition, increasing both production and income, high-efficiency environment friendly, single fertilization measure suitable for the region spring maize.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the application method process of the fertilizer of Central Jilin spring maize single fertilization provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Figure.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to embodiments, to the present invention
It is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, it is not used to
Limit the present invention.
Application process of the invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawing.
Bulk blended fertilizer effective element provided in an embodiment of the present invention for spring maize single fertilization is counted weight with pure nutrient
Measure percentage are as follows: 24%~28%, phosphorus pentoxide 8%~12%, potassium oxide 10%~14%, sulphur 0.9%~1.1%, zinc
0.4%~1.2%；Auxiliary material used is kaolin, diatomite, bentonite, accounts for the 4%~10% of fertilizer total weight.
Controlled-release nitrogen accounts for 30% in nitrogen provided in an embodiment of the present invention, and available nitrogen accounts for 70%, and potassium sulfate accounts for 15% in potassium,
Potassium chloride accounts for 85%.
Effective element is in terms of pure nutrient in the fertilizer of Central Jilin spring maize single fertilization provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Optimal weight percent are as follows: nitrogen 26%, phosphorus pentoxide 10%, potassium oxide 12%, sulphur 1.0%, zinc 0.8%；Auxiliary material is most
Excellent weight percent is 7%.
Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer uses the resin packet that acquisition time is 45% for 60 days, nitrogen content in nitrogen provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Film urea, instant nitrogenousfertilizer use nitrogen content for 46% common urea；In potassium using be respectively 50% containing potassium oxide content,
60% granular potassium sulfate and granule potassium chloride.
Phosphorus element source provided in an embodiment of the present invention uses nitrogen content for 18%, the phosphoric acid that phosphorus pentoxide content is 46%
Diammonium particle；Thionin source uses the sulfuric acid monohydrate that sulfur content is 17.9% for 18.4% granular potassium sulfate and sulfur content
Zinc, zinc usually source use zinc content for 40.3% Zinc sulfate monohydrate.
As shown in Figure 1, the fertilizer application method packet of Central Jilin spring maize single fertilization provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Include following steps:
S101: according to formula, all raw materials are carried out uniformly to be mixed to prepare bulk blended fertilizer using mechanical or manpower；
S102: topsoil soils are disposably applied before corn seeding or when sowing using bulk blended fertilizer as base manure；
S103: fertilizer placement is at 5~8cm of seed side-lower；
S104: amount of application is 650~850kg/ hectares.
Bulk blended fertilizer amount of application provided in an embodiment of the present invention is determined according to yield level, specifically: yield level
When lower than 8 ton/hectare, dose is 650kg/ hectares；Yield level be 8~10 ton/hectare when, dose be 650~
750kg/ hectares；When yield level is 10~12 ton/hectare, dose is 750~850kg/ hectares；Yield level is higher than 12
When ton/hectare, dose is 850kg/ hectares.
The present invention is described further below with reference to embodiment.
Embodiment 1
Effective element in the fertilizer of the Central Jilin spring maize single fertilization weight percent in terms of pure nutrient are as follows:
N26%, P2O510%, K2O 12%, S1.0%, Zn0.8%.The specific composition of raw materials of above-mentioned fertilizer is: resin coated urea
173kg, bulky grain common urea 311kg, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 217kg, potassium chloride 170kg, potassium sulfate 36kg, monohydrate zinc sulphate
22kg, auxiliary material 71kg.Above-mentioned raw materials progress mechanical mixture is uniform, suitable Central Jilin area spring maize single fertilization is made
Special bulk blended fertilizer.
The special bulk blended fertilizer of suitable Central Jilin area spring maize single fertilization of the invention is applied in Jilin Province
Lishu County, Gongzhuling City, the Nongan County in portion.Compared with local farmers habits fertilization measure, bulk blended fertilizer per hectare of the invention
Averagely subtract and applies 53kgN, 21.7kg P2O5With 19.3kg K2O, averagely volume increase 821kg corn kernel, increase income 1563 yuan, nitrogen, phosphorus,
14.3kg/kg, 38.4kg/kg and 27.0kg/kg is respectively increased in potassium utilization rate.
Embodiment 2
Effective element in the fertilizer of the Central Jilin spring maize single fertilization weight percent in terms of pure nutrient are as follows:
N24%, P2O511%, K2O 13%, S1.1%, Zn0.8%.The specific composition of raw materials of above-mentioned fertilizer is: resin coated urea
160kg, bulky grain common urea 272kg, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 239kg, potassium chloride 184kg, potassium sulfate 39kg, monohydrate zinc sulphate
22kg, auxiliary material 84kg.Above-mentioned raw materials progress mechanical mixture is uniform, suitable Central Jilin area spring maize single fertilization is made
Special bulk blended fertilizer.
The special bulk blended fertilizer of suitable Central Jilin area spring maize single fertilization of the invention is applied in Jilin Province
The Jiutai City in portion, Yongji County.Compared with local farmers habits fertilization measure, bulk blended fertilizer per hectare of the invention, which averagely subtracts, to be applied
60.3kgN、37.5kgP2O5And 27.3kgK2O, averagely volume increase 973kg corn kernel increase income 1927 yuan, and nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer utilize
18.1kg/kg, 46.1kg/kg and 30.4kg/kg is respectively increased in rate.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention
Made any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention within mind and principle.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of fertilizer of Central Jilin spring maize single fertilization, which is characterized in that the Central Jilin spring maize is disposable
Effective element weight percent in terms of pure nutrient in the fertilizer of fertilising are as follows: nitrogen 24%~28%, phosphorus pentoxide 8%~12%,
Potassium oxide 10%~14%, sulphur 0.9%~1.1%, zinc 0.4%~1.2%.
2. the fertilizer of Central Jilin spring maize single fertilization as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the fertilizer
Auxiliary material is kaolin, diatomite, bentonite, accounts for the 4%~10% of fertilizer total weight.
3. the fertilizer of the Central Jilin spring maize single fertilization as described in claim 1 and 2, which is characterized in that the fertilizer
Middle effective element weight percent in terms of pure nutrient are as follows: nitrogen 26%, phosphorus 10%, potassium 12%, sulphur 1.0%, zinc 0.8%, auxiliary material accounts for
The 7% of fertilizer total weight.
4. the fertilizer of Central Jilin spring maize single fertilization as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that controlled in the nitrogen
It releases nitrogen and accounts for 30%, available nitrogen accounts for 70%, and potassium sulfate accounts for 15% in potassium, and potassium chloride accounts for 85%.
5. the fertilizer of Central Jilin spring maize single fertilization as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the nitrogen raw material
Middle Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer uses the resin coated urea that acquisition time is 45% for 60 days, nitrogen content, instant nitrogenousfertilizer use nitrogen content for
46% common urea；Potassium raw material uses that potassium oxide content is 60% for 50% granular potassium sulfate and potassium oxide content
Grain potassium chloride.
6. the fertilizer of Central Jilin spring maize single fertilization as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the phosphorus element source
Use nitrogen content for 18%, the Diammonium phosphate (DAP) particle that phosphorus pentoxide content is 46%；Thionin source use sulfur content for
The Zinc sulfate monohydrate that 18.4% granular potassium sulfate and sulfur content is 17.9%, usually source uses zinc content for 40.3% to zinc
Zinc sulfate monohydrate.
7. a kind of preparation method of the fertilizer of Central Jilin spring maize single fertilization as described in claim 1, feature exist
In: all material fertilizers are uniformly mixed using mechanical or manpower.
8. a kind of fertilizing method of the fertilizer of Central Jilin spring maize single fertilization as described in claim 1, feature exist
In: topsoil soils are disposably applied before corn seeding or using fertilizer as base manure when sowing, fertilizer placement is seed side-lower 5
At~8cm, amount of application is 650~850kg/ hectares.
9. the fertilizing method of the fertilizer of Central Jilin spring maize single fertilization as claimed in claim 8, which is characterized in that produce
When amount level is lower than 8 ton/hectare, dose is 650kg/ hectares；When yield level is 8~10 ton/hectare, dose 650
~750kg/ hectares；When yield level is 10~12 ton/hectare, dose is 750~850kg/ hectares；Yield level is higher than 12
When ton/hectare, dose is 850kg/ hectares.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109534894A (en) * | 2018-11-29 | 2019-03-29 | 吉林农业大学 | A kind of the spring maize formula fertilizer special and its method of administration of suitable West Area of Jilin Province |
| BE1027424B1 (en) * | 2020-03-23 | 2021-02-03 | Inst Agricultural Resources & Environment Shandong Academy Agricultural Sciences | PROCESS FOR FERTILIZING CORN IN A SEMI-HUMID REGION IN A SINGLE TIME |
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