CN109495063B - Energy storage type driving system of season-adjustable single-shaft photovoltaic tracking support - Google Patents
Energy storage type driving system of season-adjustable single-shaft photovoltaic tracking support Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 230000001932 seasonal effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 claims description 14
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- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
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- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010277 constant-current charging Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
- H02S20/30—Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment
- H02S20/32—Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment specially adapted for solar tracking
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
- G05F1/66—Regulating electric power
- G05F1/67—Regulating electric power to the maximum power available from a generator, e.g. from solar cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric motors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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Abstract
The invention discloses an energy storage type driving system of a season-adjustable single-shaft photovoltaic tracking support, which obtains energy input from a photovoltaic cell panel and comprises a short-time electric energy storage subsystem based on a capacitor and a mechanical energy storage subsystem based on potential energy of a balancing weight, wherein the stored energy is used for driving the season-adjustable single-shaft photovoltaic tracking support to act according to the annual change rule of a solar altitude angle. Aiming at the ultra-slow motion characteristic that the seasonal adjustable photovoltaic tracking support moves back and forth one year, an intermittent working mode that a capacitor is charged at a low speed by a small current and discharges to drive a motor at a large current for a short time is designed, the power requirements of a battery panel and a power supply converter are effectively reduced, and the overall cost of equipment is further reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of sun tracking devices, and relates to an energy storage type driving system of a season-adjustable single-shaft photovoltaic tracking support.
Background
The photovoltaic tracking support is widely applied to the field of solar photovoltaic power generation, and has the function that a photovoltaic cell panel arranged on the support tracks the space position of the sun by adjusting the working angle of the tracking support, so that the aim of receiving solar radiation energy to the maximum extent is fulfilled.
Tracking the sun completely in space requires both azimuth and elevation tracking, and this type of mount is called a dual axis tracking mount. In order to improve the cost-effectiveness ratio of the photovoltaic tracking mount, one of the azimuth angle and the pitch angle may be fixed and only the other may be tracked, and such a tracking mount is referred to as a single-axis tracking mount. A single-axis photovoltaic tracking support with its axis of rotation approximately parallel to the ground plane is referred to as a flat single axis. The flat single-shaft photovoltaic tracking support can be divided into a south-north flat single shaft and an east-west flat single shaft.
The north-south flat single axis refers to the arrangement of the main rotating axis in the north-south direction, and the normal line of the plane of the cell panel tracks the change of the azimuth angle of the sun from east to west; the east-west single axis refers to the arrangement of the main rotating axis in the east-west direction, and the normal direction of the solar panel tracks the change of the solar altitude angle. The north-south single axis is required to track the sun azimuth changes from west to east every day and return after the sun falls.
Because the change range of the solar altitude angle is small in one day, and the cosine effect between the solar panel and the sunlight is weak, the east-west horizontal single-axis tracking support does not usually consider the change of the solar altitude angle in each day, and only needs to adjust the average pitch angle of the photovoltaic tracking support along with the seasonal change in one year. This kind of east-west unipolar photovoltaic tracking support that adjusts the angle of pitch according to seasonal variation in a year is also called "adjustable unipolar photovoltaic tracking support in season".
Due to different tracking action rules, the south-north flat single shaft for tracking the azimuth angle of the sun in real time every day and the east-west flat single shaft tracking support for adjusting the pitch angle according to seasons have the following important differences in structure:
in the aspect of a mechanical structure of a driving system, the south-north flat single shaft is frequently moved and adjusted to and fro one by one every day, so a final-stage driving mechanism of the driving system mostly adopts a structure with bearings and lubrication, such as a disk type speed reducer, an electric push rod and the like. The east-west horizontal single shaft which can be adjusted in seasons can be adjusted to and fro one year, the action frequency is obviously lower than that of the south-north horizontal single shaft, and only dozens of times of adjustment to and fro are carried out in the whole service life cycle, so the final-stage driving mechanism of the device mainly adopts simple driving structures such as a scissor jack, a gear rack and the like.
In the aspect of the principle of tracking action of the driving system, the real-time action of the north-south flat single shaft usually needs to be driven by a motor, so that equipment such as a power supply and a power supply cable needs to be equipped to support the operation of the electric driving system. The driving power supply of the single shaft of the south-north China platform generally has two working modes of 'centralized distribution of service power' and 'power taking of a photovoltaic cell panel on site'. Need lay a large amount of power supply private cables in photovoltaic power plant when adopting the centralized distribution mode of station service power, the complicated cost of construction is higher. When a power supply mode that the photovoltaic cell panel directly gets electricity on site is adopted, the power of the cell panel is generally required to be equivalent to that of a driving motor. And a large-capacity storage battery is required to be equipped for the power supply system, so that when the power generation capacity of the photovoltaic cell panel is insufficient due to reduction of solar irradiance, the tracking system has enough electric energy to rotate and reset the cell panel to the power generation position of the next day, or the cell panel is rotated to the wind-resistant reset position when power generation cannot be performed in extreme weather. Because a photovoltaic power generation device and an energy storage battery with larger capacity are needed, the equipment investment of the traditional photovoltaic cell panel field self-electricity-taking working mode is larger.
And because the speed of the change of the angle of the east-west horizontal single shaft is extremely slow, the east-west horizontal single shaft usually adopts the working principle of manual adjustment according to seasons or months, an expensive electrical system is omitted, and the cost of the tracking support system is effectively reduced. Because the horizontal unipolar photovoltaic tracking support of adjustable east-west in season adopts the manual work mode according to manual adjustment in season more, consequently this kind of photovoltaic tracking support is also called "manual adjustable support" for short.
The seasonal adjustable photovoltaic tracking support adopts a working mode of manual adjustment according to seasons, the adjustment time interval is large, so that the tracking support cannot act timely, the average cosine effect between a solar panel and sunlight is increased, and a certain proportion of photovoltaic power generation is lost.
The initial construction cost of the photovoltaic tracking support adjustable in season is lower, but the workload of manual adjustment in the operation process of the power station is larger, so that the later maintenance cost is higher.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an energy storage type driving system of a season-adjustable single-shaft photovoltaic tracking support, which solves the problems of high working strength and high later maintenance cost of the conventional manual adjusting mode of the season-adjustable photovoltaic tracking support.
The energy storage type driving system comprises a photovoltaic cell panel, wherein electric energy output by the photovoltaic cell panel is transmitted to a DC/DC converter, the DC/DC converter divides the obtained electric energy into two paths for transmission, and one path is transmitted to a tracking support controller with detection and control functions and used for providing a working power supply for the tracking support controller; the other path of the voltage is output to an energy storage capacitor after voltage grade conversion, so that electric energy storage is realized;
the tracking support controller controls a motor driver through signals, the motor driver is used for driving a motor to rotate, and the motor drives a mechanical energy storage mechanism to act.
The present invention is also characterized in that,
the mechanical energy storage mechanism comprises a reduction gear box, the input end of the reduction gear box is connected with a main shaft of the motor, a gear box output shaft of the reduction gear box is connected to one end of an input shaft of the posture adjusting mechanism, the input shaft of the posture adjusting mechanism is connected to the posture adjusting mechanism, and a shell of the reduction gear box is connected to the upper end of a driving swing arm which is arranged in a drooping mode.
And the driving swing arm is also provided with an inclination angle sensor, the inclination angle sensor is used for measuring the inclination angle alpha of the driving swing arm, and the tracking support controller is used for reading the inclination angle alpha.
When the length of drive swing arm itself and dead weight can not provide more than or equal to during the rotatory required moment of torsion of gesture adjustment mechanism input shaft at the in-process that deflects, the lower extreme of drive swing arm is connected with the balancing weight, and the balancing weight is used for: in the rotating process of the driving swing arm, the storage of the driving energy of the driving swing arm is realized along with the increase of the swing height H of the driving swing arm.
After the tracking controller reads the inclination angle alpha, the torque T applied to the input shaft of the attitude adjusting mechanism can be obtained by calculation according to the length L of the driving swing arm and the weight G of the balancing weight, and when the torque T exceeds a maximum threshold value, the tracking support controller sends a signal to the motor driver to stop driving the motor, so that stop protection is realized.
The tracking support controller is used for detecting the port voltage of the energy storage capacitor, and when the port voltage of the energy storage capacitor rises to a preset value, the tracking support controller starts the motor driver through a signal, and the electric energy stored in the energy storage capacitor is used for driving the motor to rotate.
When the rated power of the photovoltaic cell panel and the rated power of the DC/DC converter are both smaller than the rated power of the motor, the electric power for driving the motor to work can be generated only by utilizing the energy storage of the energy storage capacitor, and after the energy storage of the energy storage capacitor is finished, the maximum time for the motor to consume the electric energy stored in the energy storage capacitor to finish one-time motor driving is not more than 30 s.
The energy storage type driving system of the season-adjustable single-shaft photovoltaic tracking support has the advantages that the photovoltaic tracking support is driven by low-power energy output by the photovoltaic cell panel through energy storage, the structure of a power supply device is simplified, and the cost is reduced; aiming at the characteristics that the seasonal adjustable support works at a low speed and has no energy storage return requirement, a capacitor is adopted to replace a common high-capacity energy storage battery in a photovoltaic tracking system, so that the problems of service life and maintenance of the storage battery are solved; the swing arm structure is adopted to carry out mechanical potential energy storage on the output of the motor, so that the supporting structure of the electric driving device is simplified, and meanwhile, the transmission efficiency is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an energy storage drive system for a seasonally adjustable single-shaft photovoltaic tracking rack of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the mounting of the energy storing drive system of the seasonally adjustable single-shaft photovoltaic tracking rack of the present invention on a photovoltaic rack;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a connection structure of a mechanical energy storage mechanism and an input shaft of an attitude adjustment mechanism in the energy storage type driving system of the season-adjustable single-shaft photovoltaic tracking support of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a connection structure of an attitude adjusting mechanism and an input shaft of the attitude adjusting mechanism in the energy storage type driving system of the season-adjustable single-shaft photovoltaic tracking support of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the electrical connections of the DC/DC converter, the energy storage capacitor and the motor driver support in the energy storage drive system of the seasonally adjustable single-axis photovoltaic tracking support of the present invention;
fig. 6(a) and (b) are schematic diagrams of the state that the season-adjustable single-shaft photovoltaic tracking support rotates to drive the swing arm to rotate in the energy storage type driving system of the season-adjustable single-shaft photovoltaic tracking support.
In the figure, 1, a photovoltaic cell panel, 2, a tracking support controller, 3, a DC/DC converter, 4, an energy storage capacitor, 5, a motor driver, 6, a motor, 7, a reduction gear box, 8, a gear box output shaft, 9, an attitude adjusting mechanism, 10, a season-adjustable single-shaft photovoltaic tracking support, 11, an attitude adjusting mechanism input shaft, 12, a high-power cell panel group, 13, a driving swing arm, 14, a balancing weight, 15, an inclination angle sensor 16, a pitching mechanism cross beam, 17, a pitching rotating shaft, 18, a tracking support upright post, 19, 20, a lower end point of the attitude adjusting mechanism, 21, a scissor jack support arm, 22, a scissor jack horizontal end point, 23 and a DC/DC controller are included.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention relates to an energy storage type driving system of a season-adjustable single-shaft photovoltaic tracking support, which comprises a photovoltaic cell panel 1, wherein electric energy output by the photovoltaic cell panel 1 is sequentially transmitted to a DC/DC converter 3, an energy storage capacitor 4, a motor driver 5 and a motor 6, and the motor 6 is connected with a mechanical energy storage mechanism;
the tracking support controller 2 is further included, and the tracking support controller 2 is respectively connected with the DC/DC converter 3, the energy storage capacitor 4 and the motor driver 5.
The mechanical energy storage mechanism comprises a reduction gear box 7, the input end of the reduction gear box 7 is connected with the main shaft of the motor 6, the gear box output shaft 8 of the reduction gear box 7 is connected to one end of an attitude adjusting mechanism input shaft 11, and the attitude adjusting mechanism input shaft 11 is connected to an attitude adjusting mechanism 9. The casing of the reduction gear box 7 is connected to the upper end of a drooping driving swing arm 13. The reduction gear box 7 has a self-locking structure.
And the driving swing arm 13 is also provided with an inclination angle sensor 15, and the inclination angle sensor 15 is connected with the tracking support controller 2.
The lower end of the driving swing arm 13 is connected with a counterweight 14.
The season-adjustable single-shaft photovoltaic tracking support 10 comprises a high-power battery plate group 12, the high-power battery plate group 12 is installed on a pitching mechanism beam 16, the pitching mechanism beam 16 is connected to the upper portion of a tracking support upright post 18 through a pitching rotating shaft 17, a posture adjusting mechanism 9 can select common transmission forms such as a scissor jack, a lead screw rod or a gear rack, and the posture adjusting mechanism 9 in the embodiment adopts the existing scissor jack; the photovoltaic tracking support driven by the scissor jack is taken as an example for explanation.
A scissor jack is a common lifting device, which is composed of four diamond-shaped articulated scissor jack arms 21, and a rotatably adjustable lead screw is horizontally arranged in the middle of the four scissor jack arms 21, as shown in fig. 4. In this embodiment, the lower node of the scissor jack, i.e., the lower end point 20 of the attitude adjustment mechanism, is connected to the tracking gantry column 18 by a rotatable hinge. The upper node of the scissor jack, i.e. the attitude adjustment mechanism upper end 19, is connected to the pitch mechanism cross beam 16 by a rotatable hinge. When the scissor jack leveling screw, i.e. the attitude adjustment mechanism input shaft 11, is rotated, the distance between the attitude adjustment mechanism upper end point 19 and the attitude adjustment mechanism lower end point 20 can be changed. When the distance between the upper end point 19 of the attitude adjusting mechanism and the lower end point 20 of the attitude adjusting mechanism is changed, the beam 16 of the pitching mechanism can be driven to rotate around the pitching rotating shaft 17, and the purpose of adjusting the pitching angle of the high-power battery plate group 12 is achieved.
Taking the reduction of the pitch angle as an example, the input shaft 11 of the attitude adjusting mechanism rotates, under the action of the screw rod and the nut, the distance between two horizontal end points of the scissor jack is reduced, the height between the upper end point 19 of the attitude adjusting structure and the lower end point 20 of the attitude adjusting structure is increased, and the pushing function of the beam 16 of the pitch mechanism is realized. Under the pushing action of the scissor jack, the beam 16 of the pitching mechanism rotates around the pitching rotating shaft 17 to the horizontal direction, so that the pitching angle of the high-power battery plate group 12 is reduced and adjusted. The adjustment process for increasing the pitch angle of the high power cell plate group 12 is similar but in the opposite direction.
The scissor jack can be independently installed or installed in a plurality of series connection modes on the season-adjustable single-shaft photovoltaic tracking support, and rotating shafts of different jacks need to be connected in series for synchronous rotation during series connection installation. The situation is similar when actuating mechanism such as lead screw and rack and pinion is applied to adjustable unipolar photovoltaic tracking support in season, and unified characteristic is that there is an input shaft that the level set up, and the input shaft can the level establish ties, and the distance between two extreme points changes about actuating mechanism when the horizontal axis is rotatory to realize the adjustment of 16 angles of every single move mechanism crossbeam.
The pitching angle of the high-power battery plate group 12 on the season-adjustable photovoltaic support is adjusted, and the input shaft 11 of the attitude adjusting mechanism 9 needs to be rotated. When the end of the input shaft 11 of the attitude adjusting mechanism is displaced, the energy storage type driving system structure consisting of the DC/DC converter 3, the energy storage capacitor 4, the motor driver 5 and the motor 6 can move along with the displacement.
The tracking support controller 2 is a control device which all automatic adjustment tracking type photovoltaic supports must have, and the core of the tracking support controller is a microprocessor with operation processing capacity, the processor can automatically send out an instruction to control a motor according to the deviation between the target angle and the actual angle of the current photovoltaic tracking support, and the motor drives the tracking support to reach the target angle range. Meanwhile, functions like power management, working state monitoring, safety protection and the like can be realized by means of the operation processing capacity of the tracking support controller 2. The photovoltaic tracking support controller adds the management function of the energy storage power supply on the basis of the existing photovoltaic tracking support controller 2.
The core of the invention lies in an energy storage type power system of the season-adjustable single-shaft photovoltaic tracking support, the specific method for detecting and controlling the pitching angle of the high-power battery plate group by the tracking support controller 2 does not influence the implementation of the technical scheme of the invention, and the specific installation position of the tracking support controller 2 does not influence the implementation of the technical scheme of the invention.
The parameters of a power supply part in the energy storage type driving system of the season-adjustable single-shaft photovoltaic tracking support are as follows:
photovoltaic cell panel 1: rated voltage DC6V, rated current 200mA, power 1.2W;
the motor 6: rated voltage 12V, rated current 2.2A, power >25W, and starting current 4.5A.
DC/DC converter 3: the input voltage is 2-7V, and the maximum input working current is 250 mA.
As shown in fig. 5, the electric energy output by the photovoltaic cell panel 1 is sent to the DC/DC converter 3, and the DC/DC converter 3 is composed of a DC/DC controller 23 and peripheral electrical components, and its core function is to realize charging and energy storage of the energy storage capacitor 4. The energy storage capacitor 4 is formed by connecting 4 super capacitors with voltage resistance of 5.5V and capacity of 4F, wherein the total number of the super capacitors is C1, C2, C3 and C4. The internal resistance of a single capacitor is 200m omega, the rated current is 2.5A, the maximum working current is 10.0A, the capacity of the energy storage capacitor bank after series connection is 1.0F, the withstand voltage is 22V, and the internal resistance is 0.8 omega.
In order to prevent overvoltage of individual capacitors caused by difference of internal resistance of series capacitors, voltage equalizing treatment is carried out on voltage stabilizing diodes D11, D12, D13 and D14 which are respectively arranged in parallel on each capacitor at 5.6V. When the single capacitor is over-voltage, the zener diode will provide a current bypass loop.
The DC/DC converter 3 in this embodiment adopts a controllable Boost DC/DC converter with MPPT tracking function, and the whole circuit is a Boost structure. The DC/DC controller 23 controls the MOSFET Q1 through the DRV port to form a Boost voltage Boost circuit with the inductor L1 and the diode D0. During the charging process, the DC/DC controller 23 detects the charging current on the sampling resistor R8 through the port CSP and the CSN to realize the constant-current charging of the energy storage capacitor 4. The circuit inputs the terminal voltage of the capacitor bank to the FB feedback measuring end of the DC/DC controller 23 through the voltage dividing resistors R7 and R6, when the terminal voltage of the capacitor bank rises to the preset 20V, the DC/DC controller 23 stops working, and the charging process is finished.
To achieve a signal connection between the capacitive charging circuit consisting of the DC/DC converter 3 and the energy storage capacitor 4 and the tracking stent controller 2, the DC/DC controller 23 in the DC/DC converter 3 may receive start and stop commands from the tracking stent controller 2 via the SHDN port. When the SHDN port is at a low level, the energy storage capacitor 4 is charged, and when the SHDN port is at a high level, the energy storage capacitor 4 stops charging. In the charging process of the energy storage capacitor 4, the CHRG end of the DC/DC controller 23 is at a low level, and when the voltage is charged to a preset voltage of 20V, the CHRG end outputs a high level to inform the tracking bracket controller 2 that the energy storage capacitor 4 is charged completely, and the working condition is met.
In the charging process, the DC/DC controller 23 detects the inductor current flowing through the Q1 through the sampling resistor R5, and inputs the inductor current to the DC/DC controller 23 through the filter circuit formed by R4 and C02, thereby realizing detection and protection of the inductor working current.
When the illumination intensity is insufficient, the output energy of the photovoltaic cell panel 1 is insufficient, and the energy storage capacitor 4 cannot be charged according to the preset rated current. The DC/DC controller 23 inputs the voltage state of the photovoltaic cell panel 1 through the MPPT port through the sampling resistor networks R1 and R2, when the voltage of the photovoltaic cell panel 1 is lower than the rated value of 6V, the DC/DC controller 23 automatically adjusts the set value of the charging current, reduces the actual value of the charging current, and realizes the maximum power tracking of the power of the photovoltaic cell panel 1, which is called MPPT control for short.
In fig. 5, the electric energy output by the photovoltaic cell panel 1 is branched into a branch power supply inside the DC/DC converter 3 to provide working power supply for the tracking rack controller 2. The DC/DC converter 3 circuit can provide power to the tracking mount controller 2 before and after voltage conversion as the case may be. The present embodiment supplies power before voltage conversion.
In the state where charging is completed, if the tracking stand angle deviation exceeds the limit, the tracking stand controller 2 may start the motor driver 5 to drive the motor 6. In the embodiment, the motor driver 5 is an H-bridge type direct current motor driving circuit composed of four transistors Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4, and includes a PWM type voltage reduction driving function, and can reduce the terminal voltage of a capacitor bank of 20.0-14.0V to 12V for output, wherein the maximum starting working current is greater than 5A, and the rated working time is 2.2A.
Under the working parameters, the electric energy released by the energy storage capacitor 4 with the equivalent capacitance of 1.0 farad from 20V to 14V in one discharge is as follows:
W＝0.5CU2＝0.5×1×20×20＝200J。
W＝0.5CU2＝0.5×1×14×14＝98J。
the maximum primary discharge capacity is 102J-200J-98J
Assuming that the efficiency of the H-bridge type PWM drive circuit is about 85%, the effective output of the 102 joule energy storage is about 86.7 joules, and the 25W motor 6 can be driven for over 3.47 s. The rotation speed of the output shaft 8 of the motor 6 after being reduced by the reduction gearbox 7 is set to be 0.5RPM, and the motor can rotate for more than 10.4 degrees in 3.47 s.
When the irradiance reaches the rated value of the cell panel, the power of the photovoltaic cell panel 1 is 1.2W, the conversion efficiency of the Boost booster circuit is set to be 82%, and then the charging power is 0.98W. The charging to 98J takes 100s to complete.
Due to the adoption of the capacitor energy storage structure, the power of the photovoltaic cell panel 1 is obviously smaller than that of the motor 6, and the power of the photovoltaic cell panel 1 can reach 10% or even smaller than that of the motor 6. The photovoltaic cell panel 1 has the advantages that the cost is reduced, the size is reduced, and the field installation is convenient. Compared with a storage battery, the energy storage capacitor 4 has small electricity storage capacity and short electric energy storage time, but just meets the requirement of slow intermittent driving of the season-adjustable single-shaft support.
In this embodiment, the length L of the driving swing arm 13 is 0.5m, the mass m of the weight 14 is 4Kg, and the weight G of the weight 14 is mg.
Without loss of generality, as shown in fig. 6(a), fig. 6(a) is an initial installation state diagram of the driving swing arm; after initial installation, the driving swing arm 13 is vertically downward, and the output shaft 8 of the gear box has no torque output to the input shaft 11 of the attitude adjusting mechanism. As shown in fig. 6(b), fig. 6(b) is a schematic diagram of the state that the swing arm 13 is driven to rotate by an angle α with the input shaft 11 of the attitude adjusting mechanism; after the output shaft 8 of the gear box rotates anticlockwise, the driving swing arm 13 swings to the left side under the action of counterforce, the driving system continuously obtains the solar driving motor 6 to rotate, the deflection angle alpha of the driving swing arm 13 is continuously increased, the height increment H of the balancing weight 14 is continuously increased, and the purpose of mechanical energy storage driving is achieved.
The energy storage amount E can be calculated by the following equation
E＝mg H＝mg(L-L×cosα) (1)；
The torque developed by simultaneously driving the swing arm 13 and the counterweight 14 to the attitude adjustment mechanism input shaft 11 can be calculated by:
T＝mg L sinα (2)；
when the swing arm deflection angle α is 90 degrees, the torque formed by the swing arm 13 and the counterweight 14 to the input shaft 11 of the attitude adjusting mechanism is maximum, in this example, L is 0.5m, and under the condition that the mass of the counterweight 14 is 4Kg, the maximum input torque is: t is 4 × 9.8 × 0.5 × 1 is 19.6 n.m.
Setting the attitude adjustment mechanism input shaft 11 to rotate 100 turns and adjust the pitch angle of the tracking bracket by 45 degrees, the average rotation reduction ratio is 800, assuming that the transmission efficiency of this scissor jack (attitude adjustment mechanism 9) in this example is 30%. While assuming a final panel trim torque demand of 1920n.m for the tracking cradle.
The input torque request is 8n.m (1920 ═ 800 × 30% × 8)
Assuming that the torque requirement for the attitude adjusting mechanism 9 to overcome the static friction rotation is 8n.m, the input torque requirement for starting the tracking bracket action is as follows:
T＝8+8＝16N.m
when the angle is increased to 54.8 degrees, the input torque T is 4 × 9.8 × 0.5 × sin54.8 is 16n.m, and after the input torque of 16n.m overcomes the static friction torque of 8n.m, the input shaft 11 of the attitude adjusting mechanism of the season-adjustable single-shaft photovoltaic tracking support 10 inputs a net torque of 8 n.m. Under the conditions that the speed reduction ratio is 800 times and the transmission efficiency is 30%, a torque of 1920N.m can be input into the last-stage battery panel support, so that the season-adjustable single-shaft photovoltaic tracking support 10 is driven to rotate, the balancing weight 14 begins to fall down, and the deflection angle alpha is reduced.
Assuming that the torque demand of the driving mechanism of the season-adjustable single-shaft photovoltaic tracking support 10 for overcoming the dynamic friction is 2n.m, when the deflection angle continuously decreases to be less than or equal to 30.7 degrees, the input torque is less than the sum of the torque of T being 4 × 9.8 × 0.5 × sin30.7 being 10.0n.m, the torque input by the driving swing arm 13 is less than the sum of the torque of 8n.m for overcoming the resistance of the season-adjustable single-shaft photovoltaic tracking support 10 and the torque of 2n.m for overcoming the dynamic friction, and the input shaft 11 of the posture adjusting mechanism stops operating.
In this example, the drift angle α of the seasonal adjustable single-axis photovoltaic tracking support 10 is increased from 0 ° to 54.7 °, and the process of driving the seasonal adjustable single-axis photovoltaic tracking support 10 to fall back to 30.7 ° after moving is a single-drive adjustment. The action range is 24 degrees, and the electric system is required to store energy for 2-3 times. After the adjustment of one drive is finished, the system continues to increase the deflection angle alpha under the action of the motor 6 and the reduction gear box 7, and then the next adjustment process is started.
When α is 54.7 degrees, the potential energy of the driving swing arm 13 and the counterweight block 14 is:
E＝4×9.8×(0.5(1-cos54.7°))＝4×9.8×0.422＝16.5J
when α is 30.7 degrees, the potential energy of the driving swing arm 13 and the counterweight block 14 is:
E＝4×9.8×(0.5(1-cos30.7°))＝4×9.8×0.14＝5.5J
the energy released is 16.5-5.5 ═ 11 joules.
In the working process of the driving swing arm 13, the tilt angle sensor 15 can actually measure the tilt angle α of the driving swing arm, and can calculate and obtain the driving torque T according to the formula (2), and the driving torque T can reach the maximum value after the driving swing arm 13 reaches the horizontal position. The maximum driving torque T of the system can be controlled by adjusting the length L of the driving swing arm 13 and the weight G of the counterweight 14.
When mechanical failure causes that the support cannot rotate, the deflection angle alpha is continuously increased, and the tracking support controller 2 can realize maximum torque protection after measuring the deflection angle alpha through the tilt angle sensor 15 and calculating the driving torque T of the input shaft 11 of the attitude adjusting mechanism. In this embodiment, when α > is set to 75 degrees, the torque overrun alarm is performed, and the corresponding protection torque is:
T＝4×9.8×0.5×sin75＝19.0N.m
when alpha exceeds 75 degrees after the maximum set value, the torque exceeds 19.0N.m, the system stops the driving of the motor 6 and gives an alarm, and the stop protection is realized.
In the energy storage type driving system of the season-adjustable single-shaft photovoltaic tracking support, the rated power of a photovoltaic cell panel 1 and the rated power of a DC/DC converter 3 are both less than 20% of the rated power of a motor 6, electric power for driving the motor 6 to work can be generated only by energy storage of an energy storage capacitor 4, and after the energy storage is finished, the maximum time for driving the motor 6 once in a short time by consuming electric energy stored in the energy storage capacitor 4 by the motor 6 is not more than 30 s;
the photovoltaic cell panel 1 can be arranged independently, and can also be taken from a high-power cell panel group 12.
The capacitive energy storage structure and the mechanical energy storage structure can be combined to form a whole, and can also be independently and separately used.
The counter weight 14 can be eliminated when the length and self weight of the driving swing arm 13 itself can provide a torque after the yaw that is larger than the torque required for the rotation of the attitude adjusting mechanism input shaft 11.
The energy storage type driving system of the season-adjustable single-shaft photovoltaic tracking support is characterized in that a mechanical energy storage subsystem based on a suspension swing arm and a balancing weight is designed aiming at the problems that an intermittent short-time action machine needs to overcome the low driving efficiency caused by static friction force frequently and the position of the end head of a driving shaft changes along with the posture of the support, the driving torque is input to the driving shaft of the tracking support through the matching work of the suspension swing arm and the balancing weight, and meanwhile, the mechanical energy storage is realized by the aid of the potential energy raised by the rotation of the balancing weight, so that the purposes of simplifying the installation mode of a driving mechanism and improving the energy utilization efficiency.
Claims (6)
1. Energy storage formula actuating system of adjustable unipolar photovoltaic tracking support in season, its characterized in that: the system is used for driving the seasonal adjustable photovoltaic tracking support for adjusting the pitching angle of the photovoltaic panel intermittently according to seasons, and comprises a photovoltaic cell panel (1), wherein electric energy output by the photovoltaic cell panel (1) is transmitted to a DC/DC converter (3), the DC/DC converter (3) divides the acquired electric energy into two paths for transmission, and one path of electric energy is transmitted to a tracking support controller (2) with detection and control functions and used for providing a working power supply for the tracking support controller (2); the other path of the voltage is output to an energy storage capacitor (4) after voltage grade conversion, so that electric energy storage is realized;
the tracking support controller (2) controls a motor driver (5) through signals, the motor driver (5) is used for driving a motor (6) to rotate, and the motor (6) drives a mechanical energy storage mechanism to act;
the DC/DC converter (3) comprises a DC/DC controller (23), and the function of the DC/DC converter (3) is to realize charging and energy storage of an energy storage capacitor;
the mechanical energy storage mechanism comprises a reduction gear box (7), the input end of the reduction gear box (7) is connected with a main shaft of the motor (6), a gear box output shaft (8) of the reduction gear box (7) is connected to one end of an attitude adjusting mechanism input shaft (11), the attitude adjusting mechanism input shaft (11) is connected to an attitude adjusting mechanism (9), and a shell of the reduction gear box (7) is connected to the upper end of a driving swing arm (13) which is arranged in a drooping mode.
2. The energy-storing drive system of a seasonally adjustable single-shaft photovoltaic tracking support according to claim 1, characterized in that: the driving swing arm (13) is further provided with an inclination angle sensor (15), the inclination angle sensor (15) is used for measuring the inclination angle alpha of the driving swing arm (13), and the tracking support controller (2) is used for reading the inclination angle alpha.
3. The energy-storing drive system of a seasonally adjustable single-shaft photovoltaic tracking support according to claim 2, wherein: when the length and the dead weight of the driving swing arm (13) can not provide torque which is more than or equal to the torque required by the rotation of the input shaft (11) of the posture adjusting mechanism in the deflection process, the lower end of the driving swing arm (13) is connected with a balancing weight (14), and the balancing weight (14) is used for: in the rotating process of the driving swing arm (13), the storage of the driving energy of the driving swing arm (13) is realized along with the increase of the swing height H of the driving swing arm (13).
4. The energy-storing drive system of a seasonally adjustable single-shaft photovoltaic tracking support according to claim 3, wherein: after the tracking support controller (2) reads the inclination angle alpha, the torque T applied to the input shaft (11) of the attitude adjusting mechanism can be obtained through calculation according to the length L of the driving swing arm (13) and the weight G of the balancing weight (14), and when the torque T exceeds a maximum threshold value, the tracking support controller (2) sends a signal to the motor driver (5) to stop driving the motor (6), so that stop protection is realized.
5. The energy-storing drive system of a seasonally adjustable single-shaft photovoltaic tracking support according to claim 1, characterized in that: the tracking support controller (2) is used for detecting the port voltage of the energy storage capacitor (4), when the port voltage of the energy storage capacitor (4) rises to a preset value, the tracking support controller (2) starts the motor driver (5) through a signal, and the motor (6) is driven to rotate by using the electric energy stored in the energy storage capacitor (4).
6. The energy-storing drive system of the seasonally adjustable single-shaft photovoltaic tracking support according to claim 5, wherein: when the rated power of the photovoltaic cell panel (1) and the rated power of the DC/DC converter (3) are both smaller than the rated power of the motor (6), the electric power for driving the motor (6) to work can be generated only by utilizing the energy storage of the energy storage capacitor (4), and after the energy storage of the energy storage capacitor (4) is completed, the maximum time for the motor (6) to finish the driving of the motor (6) once by consuming the electric energy stored in the energy storage capacitor (4) by the motor (6) is not more than 30 s.
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| CN112271990A (en) * | 2020-10-28 | 2021-01-26 | 无锡昊阳新能源科技有限公司 | Photovoltaic system, adjusting bracket subsystem, control assembly and working method of photovoltaic system |
| WO2022088557A1 (en) * | 2020-10-28 | 2022-05-05 | 无锡昊阳新能源科技有限公司 | Photovoltaic system |
| CN112350648B (en) * | 2020-10-28 | 2022-06-03 | 无锡昊阳新能源科技有限公司 | Working method, control assembly, storage medium and motor drive subsystem of photovoltaic system |
| CN116545362B (en) * | 2023-05-16 | 2024-01-19 | 华能黑龙江发电有限公司新能源分公司 | Coordinated type photovoltaic tracking bracket system is supported to parallel screw rod multiple spot diamond |
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| CN206878546U (en) * | 2017-07-11 | 2018-01-12 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A kind of solar recharging system of automatic tracing sunlight |
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