CN109490964A - A kind of improved high-precision A VO elastic parameter fast inversion method - Google Patents
A kind of improved high-precision A VO elastic parameter fast inversion method Download PDFInfo
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- G01V1/40—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for well-logging
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of improved high-precision A VO elastic parameter fast inversion methods, comprising the following steps: step 1: the velocity of longitudinal wave, shear wave velocity and the density data that are obtained according to well logging improve the linear forward operator of AVO at drilling well position；Step 2: interpolation being carried out along stratigraphic structure to the linear forward operator of the AVO obtained by step 1 under the guidance of seismic imaging, obtains and corresponds to the linear forward operator of the improved AVO of entire seismic profile；Step 3: being based on the linear AVO inversion method of Bayes, in conjunction with the improved AVO forward operator that step 2 obtains, inverting is carried out to elastic parameter, obtains three velocity of longitudinal wave, shear wave velocity and density elastic parameter inversion sections.Compared with prior art, improved AVO forward operator has higher accuracy at big incidence angle in the present invention, so as to obtain high-precision A VO elastic parameter inversion result.
Description
Technical field
The method that the present invention relates to a kind of with reflection seismic Amplitudeversusangle (AVO) Underground oil and gas reservoir,
It is specifically related to a kind of improved high-precision linear AVO elastic parameter fast inversion method.
Background technique
The purpose of oil-gas seismic exploration is geometric shape, lithology and the physical property distribution in order to verify underground medium, and then is sought
Look for advantageous hydrocarbon trap.Due to the complexity of underground medium, communication process of the seismic wave in underground is extremely complex, so in reality
In the application of border, we typically set up a connection underground elastic parameter and observe the physical model between data, utilize this mould
Type carrys out the elastic parameter of inverting underground, to carry out portraying for oil and gas reservoir.AVO (Amplitude versus Offset) or
AVA (Amplitude versus Incident-angle) is a kind of quickly and effectively prestack seismic inversion method, is surveyed in oil gas
The lithology of spy and fluid identification, pressure prediction and oil reservoir development dynamic monitoring etc. are applied widely.
Currently, the AVO inversion method based on Zoeppritz equation linear approximation, as the linear AVO of Aki-Richards is close
Require seismic data incident angle smaller like formula, usually within 30 degree, but small incidence angle seismic amplitude becomes density information
Change susceptibility is poor, and exact inversion density information usually requires the large offseting distance earthquake record data that incidence angle is greater than 30 degree
(Buland and Omre, 2003；Russell, 2011；Lehochi, 2015).Therefore, it is based on Zoeppritz equation linear approximation
The inversion method of formula limits the raising of prestack inversion precision, especially density information, this knows for subsequent lithology and fluid
Other or even saturation degree and porosity calculation bring very big do not know.In order to overcome the problems, such as this, many scholars, which propose, to be based on
The Nonlinear A VO inversion method of accurate Zoeppritz equation, however, such method calculation amount is larger, and calculating process is more
Complicated (Zhu and McMechan, 2012；Zhi, 2013).The present invention is exactly to propose a kind of to adapt to the quick and accurate of big incidence angle
Linear AVO inversion method.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art and provide a kind of improved high-precisions
Linear AVO elastic parameter fast inversion method.
The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of improved high-precision A VO elastic parameter fast inversion method, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: utilizing longitudinal wave, shear wave and density log data, improve AVO forward operator at drilling well position, adapted to
The linear AVO operator of big incident angle；
Step 2: space interpolation is carried out to the linear AVO operator for adapting to big incident angle using seismic migration imaging data,
Obtain the improved linear AVO forward operator for corresponding to entire seismic profile；
Step 3: using the improved linear AVO forward operator corresponding to entire seismic profile in step 2, to longitudinal wave
Three speed, shear wave velocity and density elastic parameters carry out fast inversion.
Further, the step 1 include it is following step by step:
Step 11: being based on Zoeppritz equation, calculate and obtain PP wave reflection coefficient at well point；
Step 12: approximation PP wave reflection coefficient is calculated according to the linear AVO approximate formula of Aki-Richards；
Step 13: the PP wave being calculated using Zoeppritz equation, the linear AVO approximate formula of Aki-Richards is anti-
The longitudinal wave, shear wave of actual measurement and three true elastic parameters of density at coefficient and drilling well position are penetrated, Aki- is calculated
The correction amount of the linear AVO approximate formula forward operator of Richards obtains the linear AVO operator for adapting to big incident angle.
Further, the Aki-Richards approximate formula in the step 12 are as follows:
In formula, c (t, θ) is the PP wave reflection coefficient changed with incidence angle, and α (t), β (t) and ρ (t) are respectively longitudinal wave speed
Degree, shear wave velocity and density, t are TWT, and θ is incidence angle, aα、aβAnd aρThe linear AVO of respectively Aki-Richards
Three coefficients in approximate formula.
Further, the specific formula for calculation of three coefficients of the linear AVO approximate formula of the Aki-Richards are as follows:
aα=(1+tan2θ)/2
aβ=-4 (β (t)/α (t))2sin2θ
aρ=(1-4 (β (t)/α (t))2sin2θ)/2
A=[aα,aβ,aρ]
In formula, A is forward operator represented by the linear AVO approximate formula of Aki-Richards.
Further, the specific formula for calculation of the forward operator correction amount in the step 13 are as follows:
Δ C=m Δ A
In formula, Δ C is that the reflected P P wave system number that Zoeppritz equation calculation obtains is close with the linear AVO of Aki-Richards
The difference between PP wave reflection coefficient being calculated like formula, m are the true elastic parameter that well logging obtains at drilling well position, Δ A
For the correction amount of forward operator A represented by Aki-Richards approximate formula,
Thus, the specific formula for calculation of the improved linear AVO operator are as follows:
AN=A+ Δ A
In formula, ANFor the linear AVO operator for adapting to big incident angle.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following advantages that
(1) by improving to linear approximation AVO operator, introducing adapts to the linear AVO operator of big incident angle, from
And obtain high-precision AVO elastic parameter inversion result.
(2) since improved inversion operator is still linear, thus calculating speed and original linear approximation formula meter
It is suitable to calculate speed, maintains the quick advantage of linear inversion.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of overall flow schematic diagram of improved high-precision A VO elastic parameter fast inversion method of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the comparison diagram of AVO forward operator of the present invention correction front and back, and dotted line is the operator before correction, and solid line is correction
Operator afterwards, wherein Fig. 2 (a) is coefficient aαComparison diagram, Fig. 2 (b) be coefficient aβComparison diagram, Fig. 2 (c) be coefficient aρPair
Than figure；
Fig. 3 is the analogue data elastic parameter inversion curve graph obtained based on the linear AVO approximate formula of Aki-Richards,
Black solid line is log data, and grey solid line is initial model, and grey dotted line is inversion result, and wherein Fig. 3 (a) is velocity of longitudinal wave inverting
Curve graph, Fig. 3 (b) are S-wave velocity inversion curve graph, and Fig. 3 (c) is inversion of Density curve graph；
Fig. 4 is the present invention is based on the analogue data elastic parameter inversion curve graph of improved AVO forward operator, and black solid line is
Log data, grey solid line are initial model, and grey dotted line is inversion result, and wherein Fig. 4 (a) is velocity of longitudinal wave inversional curve figure, Fig. 4
It (b) is S-wave velocity inversion curve graph, Fig. 4 (c) is inversion of Density curve graph；
Fig. 5 is the analogue data elastic parameter inversion sectional view based on the linear AVO approximate formula of Aki-Richards, wherein
Fig. 5 (a) is velocity of longitudinal wave inverting sectional view, and Fig. 5 (b) is S-wave velocity inversion sectional view, and Fig. 5 (c) is inversion of Density section
Figure；
Fig. 6 is wherein Fig. 6 the present invention is based on the analogue data elastic parameter inversion sectional view of improved AVO forward operator
It (a) is velocity of longitudinal wave inverting sectional view, Fig. 6 (b) is S-wave velocity inversion sectional view, and Fig. 6 (c) is inversion of Density sectional view；
Fig. 7 is the simulation number elastic parameter inversion application condition figure based on the linear AVO approximate formula of Aki-Richards,
Middle Fig. 7 (a) is that velocity of longitudinal wave parameter error compares figure, and Fig. 7 (b) is that shear wave velocity parameter error compares figure, and Fig. 7 (c) is density
Parameter error compares figure；
Fig. 8 is wherein Fig. 8 the present invention is based on the analogue data elastic parameter application condition figure of improved AVO forward operator
(a) compare figure for velocity of longitudinal wave parameter error, Fig. 8 (b) is that shear wave velocity parameter error compares figure, and Fig. 8 (c) is density parameter mistake
Difference is relatively schemed.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiment is a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments.Based on this hair
Embodiment in bright, those of ordinary skill in the art's every other reality obtained without making creative work
Example is applied, all should belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
Embodiment
Before implementing AVO elastic parameter inversion, need to carry out a series of processing to Prestack seismic data, eliminate acquisition because
Element (directional characteristic, geophone coupling situation, observation aperture and the acquisition footprint of such as focus and wave detector) and factor of transmission
Amplitude distortion caused by (multiple wave, geometrical attenuation, inelastic attenuation, transmission loss etc.), accurately restores reflecting interface as far as possible
Upper amplitude is with offset distance or the variation relation of incidence angle.It generallys use offset distance-incidence angular transformation and NMO is corrected into the road Hou CMP
Offset domain common image gathers after collection or migration before stack are mapped to angle domain.After obtaining reliable earthquake angle gathers, according to
Technical solution of the present invention realizes high-precision A VO elastic parameter inversion, improves the precision of reservoir and its oil and gas prediction, improves oil
The success rate of gas exploration exploitation.
Show as shown in Figure 1 for a kind of overall flow of improved high-precision A VO elastic parameter fast inversion method of the present invention
It is intended to, the linear AVO forward operator at big incidence angle with higher approximation quality and computational efficiency is obtained, to improve
The precision of AVO elastic parameter inversion.The technical solution of the present embodiment comprising the following three steps:
1, it is based on the linear AVO approximation relation of Aki-Richards, obtains velocity of longitudinal wave, shear wave velocity and density using well logging
Data improve linear AVO forward operator at well point, obtain the linear AVO operator for adapting to big incident angle, at well logging position,
True elastic parameter is known；
2, under the guidance of seismic imaging data, space interpolation is carried out to improved linear AVO operator, obtains and corresponds to entirely
The improved linear AVO forward operator of seismic profile, after obtaining improved linear AVO forward operator at well point, by it along ground
It shakes structural grain and carries out interpolation, and then obtain the improvement AVO forward operator corresponding to entire seismic profile.Compared to Aki-
Forward operator represented by the linear AVO approximate formula of Richards, improved linear AVO forward operator have at big incidence angle
There is higher approximation quality；
3, it is based on the linear AVO inversion method of Bayes, using improved linear AVO forward operator, to velocity of longitudinal wave, cross
Three elastic parameters of wave velocity and density carry out fast inversion, since the AVO of higher precision is utilized in we in refutation process
Forward operator, therefore the inversion result of elastic parameter is also more acurrate.
Step 1 in the present embodiment is core of the invention technical step, specifically include it is following step by step:
Step 01: being based on Zoeppritz equation, obtain PP wave reflection coefficient at well point；
Step 02: approximate PP wave reflection coefficient is calculated according to the linear AVO approximate formula of Aki-Richards；
Step 03: obtaining the PP wave reflection system of Zoeppritz equation and the linear AVO approximate formula calculating of Aki-Richards
Difference between number；
Step 04: according to the reflection coefficient that well logging acquisition longitudinal wave, shear wave and density data and step 03 obtain at well point
Difference, obtain the linear AVO approximate formula forward operator of Aki-Richards correction amount；
Step 05: by obtained by the AVO forward operator and step 04 represented by the linear AVO approximate formula of Aki-Richards
The correction amount of forward operator obtain improved linear AVO forward operator.
In the present embodiment, Zoeppritz equation describes the reflection and transmission of plane wave at half infinite medium interface, essence
The relationship between reflection coefficient, transmission coefficient and incidence angle and medium parameter really is reflected, is situated between in isotropic elasticity
In matter, PP wave reflection coefficient can be indicated with the linear AVO approximate formula of Aki-Richards:
In formula, c (t, θ) is the PP wave reflection coefficient changed with incidence angle, and α (t), β (t) and ρ (t) are respectively longitudinal wave speed
Degree, shear wave velocity and density, t are TWT, and θ is incidence angle, aα、aβAnd aρThe linear AVO of respectively Aki-Richards
Three coefficients in approximate formula.
The specific formula of three coefficients are as follows:
aα=(1+tan2θ)/2
aβ=-4 (β (t)/α (t))2sin2θ
aρ=(1-4 (β (t)/α (t))2sin2θ)/2
The formula of three above coefficient constitutes the AVO forward operator A of the linear AVO approximate formula of Aki-Richards:
A=[aα,aβ,aρ]
And elastic parameter model m1, specific formula are as follows:
Therefore, formula (1) can indicate are as follows:
C=Am1 (2)
In formula, C is expressed as PP wave reflection coefficient set.
AVO relationship described in formula (2) is only accurately, with incidence in the case where weak contrast, small incidence angle
The increase at angle differs increasing with the reflection coefficient of Zoeppritz equation calculation by formula (2) reflection coefficient calculated,
This residual error can indicate are as follows:
Δ C=m Δ A
In formula, Δ C is close with the linear AVO of Aki-Richards with the PP wave reflection coefficient of Zoeppritz equation calculation
The residual error between PP wave reflection coefficient calculated like formula, m are the true elastic parameter that well logging obtains at drilling well position, and Δ A is
The correction amount of forward operator A represented by the linear AVO approximate formula of Aki-Richards, the i.e. linear AVO of Aki-Richards are close
Difference between the forward operator A like represented by formula and accurate AVO forward operator.
Therefore, the specific formula for calculation of the linear AVO operator of the big incident angle of adaptation in final step 05 are as follows:
AN=A+ Δ A
In formula, ANFor the linear AVO operator for adapting to big incident angle.
The technology of the present invention process according to figure 1, firstly, being estimated at well point by the true elastic parameter that well location is set
Improved AVO forward operator AN(solid line in Fig. 2), with forward operator A represented by the linear AVO approximate formula of Aki-Richards
(dotted line in Fig. 2) is compared, and improved AVO forward operator discloses the complexity of underground medium；Secondly, to well obtained in the previous step
The improved linear forward operator of AVO carries out interpolation along seismotectonics direction at point, obtains corresponding to entire seismic profile
The improved linear forward operator of AVO；Finally, complete elastic parameter inversion based on the linear AVO inversion method of Bayes, Fig. 3 and
Fig. 5 is the elastic parameter inversion curve and sectional view, Fig. 4 and figure obtained based on the linear AVO approximate formula of Aki-Richards
6 be elastic parameter inversion curve and sectional view based on the linear forward operator acquisition of improved AVO, and heavy line is to survey in figure
Well true value, fine line are low frequency model, and dotted line is inverting value, and comparison diagram 3 and Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, which can be seen that, uses this
Invention can obtain more accurate elastic parameter inversion as a result, the inversion accuracy promotion of especially density is larger, such as Fig. 7 and Fig. 8
Elastic parameter error that is shown, being obtained based on the linear AVO approximate formula of Aki-Richards and the linear forward operator of improved AVO
Compare, it can be seen that the elastic parameter that the improved linear forward operator of AVO obtains is conducive to subsequent Lithology Discrimination and reservoir is pre-
Survey research.
The above description is merely a specific embodiment, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, any
Those familiar with the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, can readily occur in various equivalent modifications or replace
It changes, these modifications or substitutions should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be with right
It is required that protection scope subject to.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of improved high-precision A VO elastic parameter fast inversion method, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1: improving linear AVO forward operator at drilling well position, obtain the linear AVO operator for adapting to big incident angle；
Step 2: space interpolation being carried out to the linear AVO operator for adapting to big incident angle using seismic imaging data, is corresponded to
In the improved linear AVO forward operator of entire seismic profile；
Step 3: using in step 2 correspond to the improved linear AVO forward operator of entire seismic profile, to velocity of longitudinal wave,
Three elastic parameters of shear wave velocity and density carry out fast inversion.
2. a kind of improved high-precision A VO elastic parameter fast inversion method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
The step 1 include it is following step by step:
Step 11: being based on Zoeppritz equation, obtain PP wave reflection coefficient at drilling well position；
Step 12: approximation PP wave reflection coefficient is calculated according to the linear AVO approximate formula of Aki-Richards；
Step 13: the PP wave reflection coefficient that is calculated using the linear AVO approximate formula of Zoeppritz equation, Aki-Richards and
The true elastic parameter of actual measurement at drilling well position obtains the correction amount of the linear AVO approximation forward operator of Aki-Richards,
Obtain the linear AVO operator for adapting to big incident angle.
3. a kind of improved high-precision A VO elastic parameter fast inversion method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that
The linear AVO approximate formula of Aki-Richards in the step 12 are as follows:
In formula, c (t, θ) is the PP wave reflection coefficient changed with incidence angle, and α (t), β (t) and ρ (t) are respectively velocity of longitudinal wave, cross
Wave velocity and density, t are TWT, and θ is incidence angle, aα、aβAnd aρThe linear AVO of respectively Aki-Richards is approximate public
Three coefficients in formula.
4. a kind of improved high-precision A VO elastic parameter fast inversion method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that
The specific formula for calculation of three coefficients in the linear AVO approximate formula of Aki-Richards are as follows:
aα=(1+tan2θ)/2
aβ=-4 (β (t)/α (t))2sin2θ
aρ=(1-4 (β (t)/α (t))2sin2θ)/2
A=[aα,aβ,aρ]
In formula, A is forward operator represented by the linear AVO approximate formula of Aki-Richards.
5. a kind of improved high-precision A VO elastic parameter fast inversion method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that
The specific formula for calculation of the correction amount of forward operator in the step 13 are as follows:
Δ C=m Δ A
In formula, Δ C is that the PP wave reflection coefficient that Zoeppritz equation calculation obtains is approximate with the linear AVO of Aki-Richards public
The difference between PP wave reflection coefficient that formula is calculated, m are the true elastic parameter that well logging obtains at drilling well position, and Δ A is
The correction amount of forward operator A represented by Aki-Richards approximate formula,
The specific formula for calculation of the linear AVO operator are as follows:
AN=A+ Δ A
In formula, ANFor the linear AVO operator for adapting to big incident angle.
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| CN113985480A (en) * | 2021-11-08 | 2022-01-28 | 西南石油大学 | AVO inversion method and device based on angle correction |
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Inventor after: Geng Jianhua Inventor after: Niu Liping Inventor after: Wu Xinming Inventor after: Zhao Luanxiao Inventor after: Ma Jiqiang Inventor before: Niu Liping Inventor before: Wu Xinming Inventor before: Zhao Luanxiao Inventor before: Ma Jiqiang |