CN109490964B - Improved high-precision AVO elastic parameter fast inversion method - Google Patents

Improved high-precision AVO elastic parameter fast inversion method Download PDF

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CN109490964B
CN109490964B CN201811338695.9A CN201811338695A CN109490964B CN 109490964 B CN109490964 B CN 109490964B CN 201811338695 A CN201811338695 A CN 201811338695A CN 109490964 B CN109490964 B CN 109490964B
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牛丽萍
伍新明
赵峦啸
麻纪强
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Abstract

The invention relates to an improved high-precision AVO elastic parameter fast inversion method, which comprises the following steps: step 1: improving an AVO linear positive operator at a drilling position according to longitudinal wave velocity, transverse wave velocity and density data obtained by logging; step 2: interpolating the AVO linear positive operator obtained in the step 1 along the stratum structure under the guidance of seismic imaging to obtain an improved AVO linear positive operator corresponding to the whole seismic section; and step 3: and (3) based on a Bayesian linear AVO inversion method, combining the improved AVO positive operator obtained in the step (2), inverting the elastic parameters to obtain three elastic parameter inversion profiles of longitudinal wave velocity, transverse wave velocity and density. Compared with the prior art, the improved AVO positive operator has higher accuracy at a large incident angle, so that a high-precision AVO elastic parameter inversion result can be obtained.

Description

Improved high-precision AVO elastic parameter fast inversion method
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for detecting an underground oil and gas reservoir by using reflection seismic Amplitude Variation (AVO) along with incidence angle variation, in particular to an improved high-precision linear AVO elastic parameter fast inversion method.
Background
The purpose of oil and gas seismic exploration is to find out the geometrical form, lithology and physical distribution of underground media and further to find out favorable oil and gas traps. Due to the complexity of the underground medium, the process of seismic wave propagation in the underground is very complex, so in practical application, a physical model which is connected between the underground elastic parameters and observation data is generally established, and the model is used for inverting the underground elastic parameters, so that the oil and gas reservoir is depicted. AVO (Amplitude coverage offset) or AVA (Amplitude coverage inclusion-angle) is a rapid and effective pre-stack seismic inversion method, and is widely applied to lithology and fluid identification of oil and gas exploration, pressure prediction, dynamic monitoring of oil reservoir development and the like.
At present, an AVO inversion method based on Zoeppritz equation linear approximation, such as Aki-Richards linear AVO approximation formula, requires that the incident angle of seismic data is small and is usually within 30 degrees, but the sensitivity of small incident angle seismic amplitude to density information change is poor, and accurate inversion of density information generally requires large offset distance seismic record data with the incident angle greater than 30 degrees (Buland and Omre, 2003; Russell, 2011; L ehochi, 2015).
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide an improved high-precision linear AVO elastic parameter fast inversion method.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
an improved high-precision AVO elastic parameter fast inversion method comprises the following steps:
step 1: improving an AVO forward operator at a drilling position by utilizing longitudinal wave, transverse wave and density logging data to obtain a linear AVO operator suitable for a large incident angle;
step 2: carrying out spatial interpolation on the linear AVO operator adapting to the large incident angle by using the seismic migration imaging data to obtain an improved linear AVO positive operator corresponding to the whole seismic section;
and step 3: and (3) rapidly inverting the three elastic parameters of the longitudinal wave velocity, the transverse wave velocity and the density by using the improved linear AVO positive operator corresponding to the whole seismic section in the step (2).
Further, the step 1 comprises the following sub-steps:
step 11: calculating and obtaining a PP wave reflection coefficient at a well point based on a Zoeppritz equation;
step 12: calculating the approximate PP wave reflection coefficient according to an Aki-Richards linear AVO approximate formula;
step 13: and calculating the correction quantity of a forward operator of the Aki-Richards linear AVO approximation formula by utilizing the PP wave reflection coefficient calculated by the Zoeppritz equation and the Aki-Richards linear AVO approximation formula and three real elastic parameters of longitudinal waves, transverse waves and density actually measured at the drilling position, and obtaining the linear AVO operator adapting to the large incidence angle.
Further, the Aki-Richards approximation formula in step 12 is:
Figure BDA0001861919020000021
wherein c (t, theta) is PP wave reflection coefficient varying with incident angle, α (t), β (t) and rho (t) are longitudinal wave velocity, transverse wave velocity and density, respectively, when t is two-way travel, theta is incident angle, aα、aβAnd aρThree coefficients in the Aki-Richards linear AVO approximation formula, respectively.
Further, the specific calculation formula of the Aki-Richards linear AVO approximation formula for the three coefficients is as follows:
aα＝(1+tan2θ)/2
aβ＝-4(β(t)/α(t))2sin2θ
aρ＝(1-4(β(t)/α(t))2sin2θ)/2
A＝[aα,aβ,aρ]
in the formula, A is a forward operator represented by Aki-Richards linear AVO approximate formula.
Further, the specific calculation formula of the positive sub-correction amount in step 13 is:
ΔC＝mΔA
in the formula, the delta C is the difference between the reflection PP wave coefficient calculated by the Zoeppritz equation and the reflection coefficient of the PP wave calculated by the Aki-Richards linear AVO approximate formula, m is the real elastic parameter obtained by logging at the drilling position, the delta A is the correction quantity of the positive operator A expressed by the Aki-Richards approximate formula,
thus, the specific calculation formula of the improved linear AVO operator is:
AN＝A+ΔA
in the formula, ANTo accommodate linear AVO operators for large angles of incidence.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) by improving the linear approximation AVO operator, the linear AVO operator suitable for large incident angle is introduced, so that the high-precision AVO elastic parameter inversion result is obtained.
(2) Because the improved inversion operator is still linear, the calculation speed is equivalent to that of the original linear approximation formula, and the advantage of high linear inversion speed is kept.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic overall flow chart of an improved high-precision AVO elastic parameter fast inversion method according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a comparison graph before and after correction of the AVO positive operator of the present invention, wherein the dotted line is the operator before correction, the solid line is the operator after correction, and FIG. 2(a) is the coefficient aαFIG. 2(b) is a comparison graph of the coefficient aβFIG. 2(c) shows the coefficient aρA comparison graph of (A);
FIG. 3 is a graph of inversion of elastic parameters of simulated data obtained based on the Aki-Richards linear AVO approximation formula, wherein the solid black line is log data, the solid gray line is an initial model, and the dashed gray line is an inversion result, wherein FIG. 3(a) is a graph of inversion of compressional velocity, FIG. 3(b) is a graph of inversion of shear velocity, and FIG. 3(c) is a graph of inversion of density;
fig. 4 is a simulated data elastic parameter inversion graph based on an improved AVO forward operator, where a black solid line is logging data, a gray solid line is an initial model, and a gray dotted line is an inversion result, where fig. 4(a) is a longitudinal wave velocity inversion graph, fig. 4(b) is a transverse wave velocity inversion graph, and fig. 4(c) is a density inversion graph;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of elastic parameter inversion of simulated data based on the Aki-Richards linear AVO approximation formula, wherein FIG. 5(a) is a compressional velocity inversion cross-sectional view, FIG. 5(b) is a shear velocity inversion cross-sectional view, and FIG. 5(c) is a density inversion cross-sectional view;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of inversion of elastic parameters of simulated data based on an improved AVO forward operator, where FIG. 6(a) is a compressional velocity inversion cross-sectional view, FIG. 6(b) is a shear velocity inversion cross-sectional view, and FIG. 6(c) is a density inversion cross-sectional view;
FIG. 7 is a comparison graph of inversion errors of elastic parameters of a simulation number based on the Aki-Richards linear AVO approximation formula, wherein FIG. 7(a) is a comparison graph of longitudinal wave velocity parameters, FIG. 7(b) is a comparison graph of transverse wave velocity parameters, and FIG. 7(c) is a comparison graph of density parameters;
fig. 8 is a comparison graph of elastic parameter errors of simulation data based on an improved AVO forward operator according to the present invention, in which fig. 8(a) is a comparison graph of longitudinal wave velocity parameter errors, fig. 8(b) is a comparison graph of transverse wave velocity parameter errors, and fig. 8(c) is a comparison graph of density parameter errors.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Examples
Before AVO elastic parameter inversion is carried out, a series of processing needs to be carried out on pre-stack seismic data, amplitude distortion caused by acquisition factors (such as direction characteristics of a seismic source and a detector, the coupling condition of the detector, an observation aperture, an acquisition footprint and the like) and propagation factors (multiple waves, geometric diffusion, inelastic attenuation, transmission loss and the like) is eliminated, and the change relation of the amplitude on a reflection interface along with the offset distance or the incidence angle is recovered as accurately as possible. Offset-to-angle of incidence transforms are typically used to map NMO corrected CMP gathers or prestack offset domain common image point gathers to the angle domain. After a reliable seismic angle gather is obtained, high-precision AVO elastic parameter inversion is realized according to the technical scheme of the invention, the precision of reservoir stratum and oil-gas containing property prediction of the reservoir stratum is improved, and the success rate of oil-gas exploration and development is improved.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall flow of the improved high-precision rapid inversion method for AVO elastic parameters, and a linear AVO positive operator with higher approximation precision and calculation efficiency at a large incident angle is obtained, so that the accuracy of the AVO elastic parameter inversion is improved. The technical scheme of the embodiment comprises the following three steps:
1. based on Aki-Richards linear AVO approximate relation, longitudinal wave velocity, transverse wave velocity and density data are obtained by logging, a linear AVO forward operator at a well point is improved, a linear AVO operator adapting to a large incident angle is obtained, and real elastic parameters are known at a logging position;
2. under the guidance of seismic imaging data, performing spatial interpolation on the improved linear AVO operator to obtain an improved linear AVO positive operator corresponding to the whole seismic section, and after the improved linear AVO positive operator at the well point is obtained, performing interpolation along the seismic structure direction to obtain an improved AVO positive operator corresponding to the whole seismic section. Compared with a forward operator represented by Aki-Richards linear AVO approximation formula, the improved linear AVO forward operator has higher approximation precision at a large incident angle;
3. based on a Bayesian linear AVO inversion method, the improved linear AVO forward operator is utilized to quickly invert three elastic parameters of longitudinal wave velocity, transverse wave velocity and density, and because the AVO forward operator with higher precision is utilized in the inversion process, the inversion result of the elastic parameters is more accurate.
Step 1 in this embodiment is a core technical step of the present invention, and specifically includes the following sub-steps:
step 01: acquiring a PP wave reflection coefficient at a well point based on a Zoeppritz equation;
step 02: calculating an approximate PP wave reflection coefficient according to an Aki-Richards linear AVO approximate formula;
step 03: acquiring the difference between the reflection coefficients of the PP waves calculated by a Zoeppritz equation and an Aki-Richards linear AVO approximate formula;
step 04: obtaining correction quantity of a forward operator of an Aki-Richards linear AVO approximation formula according to the difference of the reflection coefficient obtained in the step 03 and the longitudinal wave, the transverse wave and the density data obtained in the well point logging;
step 05: the AVO positive operator represented by Aki-Richards linear AVO approximation formula and the correction amount of the positive operator obtained in step 04 are improved to obtain the linear AVO positive operator.
In this embodiment, the Zoeppritz equation describes the reflection and transmission of plane waves at the interface of semi-infinite medium, accurately reflecting the relationship between reflection coefficient, transmission coefficient and incident angle, and medium parameters, and in isotropic elastic medium, the PP wave reflection coefficient can be expressed by Aki-Richards linear AVO approximation formula:
Figure BDA0001861919020000051
wherein c (t, theta) is PP wave reflection coefficient varying with incident angle, α (t), β (t) and rho (t) are longitudinal wave velocity, transverse wave velocity and density, respectively, when t is two-way travel, theta is incident angle, aα、aβAnd aρThree coefficients in the Aki-Richards linear AVO approximation formula, respectively.
The specific formula of the three coefficients is:
aα＝(1+tan2θ)/2
aβ＝-4(β(t)/α(t))2sin2θ
aρ＝(1-4(β(t)/α(t))2sin2θ)/2
the formula of the three coefficients forms an AVO positive operator A of Aki-Richards linear AVO approximation formula:
A＝[aα,aβ,aρ]
and the elastic parameter model m1 has the specific formula:
Figure BDA0001861919020000061
thus, equation (1) can be expressed as:
C＝Am1 (2)
in the formula, C represents a PP wave reflection coefficient set.
The AVO relationship described by equation (2) is accurate only for weak contrast, small angles of incidence, and as the angle of incidence increases, the reflectance calculated by equation (2) differs more and more from the reflectance calculated by the Zoeppritz equation, and this residual can be expressed as:
ΔC＝mΔA
in the formula, Δ C is a residual error between the PP wave reflection coefficient calculated by the Zoeppritz equation and the PP wave reflection coefficient calculated by the Aki-Richards linear AVO approximation formula, m is a real elastic parameter obtained by logging at a drilling position, and Δ a is a correction amount of the positive operator a represented by the Aki-Richards linear AVO approximation formula, i.e., a difference between the positive operator a represented by the Aki-Richards linear AVO approximation formula and the precise AVO positive operator.
Therefore, the specific calculation formula of the linear AVO operator adapted to the large incident angle in the final step 05 is:
AN＝A+ΔA
in the formula, ANTo accommodate linear AVO operators for large angles of incidence.
According to the technical process of the present invention as shown in FIG. 1, first, the improved AVO positive operator A at the well point is estimated from the real elastic parameters at the well locationN(solid line in FIG. 2), the improved AVO positive operator reveals the complexity of the subsurface medium compared to the forward operator A (dashed line in FIG. 2) represented by Aki-Richards' linear AVO approximation formula; secondly, interpolating the improved AVO linear positive operator at the well point obtained in the last step along the seismic structure direction to obtain an improved AVO linear positive operator corresponding to the whole seismic section; finally, elastic parameter inversion is completed based on a Bayesian linear AVO inversion method, and an elastic parameter inversion curve and a section diagram obtained based on Aki-Richards linear AVO approximation formula are shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 5, FIGS. 4 and 6 are inversion curves and cross-sectional views of elastic parameters obtained based on the modified AVO linear forward operator, in which the thick solid line is the true log value, the thin solid line is the low-frequency model, and the dotted line is the inversion value, comparing fig. 3 and 4 with fig. 5 and 6, it can be seen that more accurate inversion results of elastic parameters can be obtained by using the present invention, especially the inversion accuracy of density is improved greatly, as shown in fig. 7 and 8, compared with the elasticity parameter error obtained from the modified AVO linear positive operator based on the Aki-Richards linear AVO approximation formula, it can be seen that the elastic parameters obtained by the improved AVO linear positive operator are beneficial to subsequent lithology identification and reservoir prediction.And (5) testing and researching.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, the invention is not limited thereto, and various equivalent modifications and substitutions can be easily made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (3)

1. An improved high-precision AVO elastic parameter fast inversion method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: improving a linear AVO forward operator at the drilling position to obtain a linear AVO operator suitable for a large incident angle;
step 2: carrying out spatial interpolation on the linear AVO operator adapting to the large incident angle by using the seismic imaging data to obtain a linear AVO positive operator after the improvement corresponding to the whole seismic section;
and step 3: rapidly inverting three elastic parameters of longitudinal wave velocity, transverse wave velocity and density by using the improved linear AVO positive operator corresponding to the whole seismic section in the step 2;
the step 1 comprises the following sub-steps:
step 11: acquiring a PP wave reflection coefficient at a drilling position based on a Zoeppritz equation;
step 12: calculating the approximate PP wave reflection coefficient according to an Aki-Richards linear AVO approximate formula;
step 13: obtaining correction quantity of Aki-Richards linear AVO approximate forward operator by utilizing PP wave reflection coefficient calculated by a Zoeppritz equation and an Aki-Richards linear AVO approximate formula and actual measured elastic parameters at a drilling position, and obtaining a linear AVO operator adapting to a large incident angle;
the specific calculation formula of the correction amount of the forward operator in step 13 is as follows:
ΔC＝mΔA
in the formula, the delta C is the difference between the reflection coefficient of the PP wave calculated by the Zoeppritz equation and the reflection coefficient of the PP wave calculated by an Aki-Richards linear AVO approximation formula, m is a real elastic parameter obtained by logging at a drilling position, the delta A is the correction quantity of a positive operator A represented by a Aki-Richards approximation formula,
the specific calculation formula of the linear AVO operator is as follows:
AN＝A+ΔA
in the formula, ANTo accommodate linear AVO operators for large angles of incidence.
2. The improved fast inversion method of high-precision AVO elastic parameters of claim 1, wherein the Aki-Richards linear AVO approximation formula in step 12 is:
Figure FDA0002427184770000011
wherein c (t, theta) is PP wave reflection coefficient varying with incident angle, α (t), β (t) and rho (t) are longitudinal wave velocity, transverse wave velocity and density, respectively, when t is two-way travel, theta is incident angle, aα、aβAnd aρThree coefficients in the Aki-Richards linear AVO approximation formula, respectively.
3. The improved high-precision rapid inversion method of AVO elastic parameters of claim 2, wherein the specific calculation formula of the three coefficients in the Aki-Richards linear AVO approximation formula is:
aα＝(1+tan2θ)/2
aβ＝-4(β(t)/α(t))2sin2θ
aρ＝(1-4(β(t)/α(t))2sin2θ)/2
A＝[aα,aβ,aρ]
in the formula, A is a forward operator represented by Aki-Richards linear AVO approximate formula.
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