CN109490881A - Interference SAR measurement of higher degree system and measurement method based on vortex electromagnetic wave - Google Patents
Interference SAR measurement of higher degree system and measurement method based on vortex electromagnetic wave Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of interference SAR measurement of higher degree system and measurement method based on vortex electromagnetic wave, which includes: vortex electromagnetic antenna, has different modalities；Transmission channel, the frequency of control vortex electromagnetic antenna transmitting vortex electromagnetic wave；Receiving channel receives the corresponding echo data of vortex electromagnetic wave launched under vortex electromagnetic antenna different modalities；Acquisition unit handles the echo data that receiving channel receives and exports measurement result.This programme is based on vortex electromagnetic wave SAR image-forming principle, inverting target elevation information is handled by carrying out interferometric phase to multi-modal vortex electromagnetic wave echo, fundamentally avoid dependence of the conventional InSAR for baseline, system complexity and the requirement to flying platform are greatly reduced, the popularization and application of interference SAR measurement of higher degree technology are conducive to；Meanwhile the present invention fundamentally avoids the problems such as baseline decoherence, signal coherency is more preferable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of radars, and particularly relates to an interference SAR elevation measurement system and a measurement method based on vortex electromagnetic waves.
Background
Synthetic Aperture Radars (SAR) have been widely used in military and civilian applications such as reconnaissance, surveying and mapping, agriculture and forestry, etc., due to their full-time, all-weather, and long-range imaging capabilities. At present, the demand of production activities and military activities on target three-dimensional information is higher and higher, and accurate acquisition of target three-dimensional information including elevation information has important values in the aspects of military reconnaissance, topographic mapping, oil exploration, mountain opening and road building, bridge erection and the like, however, the traditional SAR can only acquire two-dimensional images of distance and direction, cannot acquire elevation information, and is influenced by overlapping and perspective shrinkage, and the traditional SAR imaging system cannot completely meet the requirements of practical application. The interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) utilizes echo data obtained by multiple observations of multiple receiving antennas or a single antenna to perform interference processing, can estimate ground elevation information, has the capability of generating a ground elevation model in a large area, and is widely applied in recent years.
In recent years, vortex electromagnetic waves carrying Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) have received wide attention of scholars at home and abroad, and the vortex electromagnetic waves have great potential in the aspects of wireless communication, radio astronomy, radar imaging and the like. The staring imaging based on vortex electromagnetic waves can realize target two-dimensional imaging, but in the staring imaging, a radar and a target are relatively static, and a synthetic aperture technology is not utilized. In the prior art, the most important technical defects further include: the method comprises the following steps that a, an interferometric baseline with a certain length is needed for achieving elevation estimation of the InSAR system, the longer the baseline is, the higher the elevation precision is, but the longer the baseline increases the complexity of the system and puts higher requirements on a flight platform, the system development and use cost is higher, and the popularization and application of the InSAR system are limited; the elevation estimation accuracy of the InSAR depends on high-quality interference phases, and a long baseline can cause serious baseline decoherence problems and influence signal coherence, which is a pair of contradictions difficult to reconcile, thereby greatly limiting the improvement of the elevation measurement capability of the InSAR system.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides an interferometric SAR elevation measurement system and a measurement method based on vortex electromagnetic waves, so as to at least partially solve the above problems.
The invention provides an interference SAR elevation measurement system based on vortex electromagnetic waves, which comprises:
vortex electromagnetic wave antennas having different modes;
the transmitting channel is used for controlling the frequency of the vortex electromagnetic wave transmitted by the vortex electromagnetic wave antenna;
the receiving channel is used for receiving echo data corresponding to the vortex electromagnetic waves emitted by the vortex electromagnetic wave antenna in different modes;
and the acquisition unit is used for processing the echo data received by the receiving channel and outputting a measurement result.
Furthermore, the system also comprises a switch component for controlling the running state of the system.
Furthermore, the vortex electromagnetic wave antenna is a uniform circular array antenna, a parabolic antenna or a super surface material antenna.
Furthermore, the transmitting channel comprises a frequency device and a transmitter, and the frequency of the vortex electromagnetic wave transmitted by the vortex electromagnetic wave antenna is controlled.
Furthermore, the number of the receiving channels can be 1, and the receiving channels are used for receiving echo data corresponding to the vortex electromagnetic waves emitted by the vortex electromagnetic wave antenna in different modes in a time-sharing manner.
Furthermore, the number of the receiving channels can be at least two, and the receiving channels are used for simultaneously receiving echo data corresponding to the vortex electromagnetic waves emitted by the vortex electromagnetic wave antenna in all modes.
The invention also provides an interferometric SAR elevation measurement method based on vortex electromagnetic waves, which comprises the following steps:
the vortex electromagnetic wave antenna transmits vortex electromagnetic waves of different modes to a target to be detected;
the vortex electromagnetic wave is reflected by a target to be measured to obtain echo data of the corresponding modal vortex electromagnetic wave;
imaging by utilizing vortex electromagnetic waves SAR;
and calculating target elevation information.
Further, the vortex electromagnetic wave antenna emits vortex electromagnetic waves of different modes to the target to be measured simultaneously or in a time-sharing manner.
Further, SAR imaging uses an RD imaging algorithm or an ω K algorithm.
Further, calculating the target elevation information includes:
the echo data of the corresponding modal vortex electromagnetic wave is received as follows:
wherein t ismIs azimuth slow time, t is fast time, 1 is vortex electromagnetic wave mode, omegaaIs the azimuthal envelope, ωrIs the distance envelope, r (t)m) Is the target slant distance, c is the speed of light in vacuum, KrFor frequency modulation of a chirp signal, JlIs a first order Bessel function to which the phase termAnd the skew term r (t)m) After approximate treatment, the following can be obtained:
s(tm，t，l)≈Aωa(tm-x0/v)ωr(t-2r(tm)/c)exp{iπKr[t-2r(tm)/c]2}
exp{-iπKa(tm-x0/v)2}exp{i2lφ+i2lvtm/y0} (2)
wherein,
A＝σN2Jl 2[k(tm)asinθ(tm)]exp{ilπ}exp(-i4πR0/λ) (3)
a is the amplitude of the echo, KaFrequency modulation of azimuth, R0Is a reference slope distance;
performing range compression and range migration correction on the echo:
s(tm，t，l)≈Aωa(tm-x0/v)pr(t-2R0/c)
exp{-iπKa(tm-x0/v)2}exp{i2lφ+i2lvtm/y0} (4)
wherein p isrEnvelope after distance compression;
with reference to the centre of the object to be measured, i.e. y0＝R0sinθcWherein thetacCompensating an OAM phase term which is changed along with the space of the ground distance in an azimuth time domain for a scene center incidence angle:
s(tm，t，l)≈Aωa(tm-x0/v)pr(t-2R0/c)
exp{-iπKa(tm-x0/v)2}exp{i2lφ} (5)
azimuth compression:
and performing interference processing on the echo phase to invert the target elevation information.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
a. according to the scheme, based on the vortex electromagnetic wave SAR imaging principle, target elevation information is inverted by performing interference phase processing on multi-mode vortex electromagnetic wave echoes, wherein dual-mode vortex electromagnetic waves can be transmitted and received by adopting a single antenna phase center without interfering a base line, so that the dependence of the traditional InSAR on the base line is fundamentally avoided, the system complexity and the requirement on a flight platform are greatly reduced, and the popularization and application of the interference SAR elevation measurement technology are facilitated;
b. in the embodiment of the scheme, the single antenna phase center and the single transceiving channel are utilized to realize transceiving of the bimodal vortex electromagnetic waves, so that the problems of baseline decoherence and the like are fundamentally avoided, and the signal coherence is better.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a vortex-based electromagnetic wave interference elevation measurement system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method of elevation measurement according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a vortex electromagnetic wave SAR imaging geometric model according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a result of the interferometric phase of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a target elevation model according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order that the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with the following specific embodiments.
The invention provides an interferometric SAR elevation measurement system and a measurement method based on vortex electromagnetic waves aiming at the problems of InSAR elevation measurement. Different from the traditional method, the method avoids the dependence of the traditional InSAR on the baseline, and obtains the target elevation information by interference processing on the multi-mode vortex electromagnetic wave echo.
An embodiment of the present invention provides an interferometric SAR elevation measurement system based on a vortex electromagnetic wave, including:
vortex electromagnetic wave antennas having different modes;
the transmitting channel is used for controlling the frequency of the vortex electromagnetic wave transmitted by the vortex electromagnetic wave antenna;
the receiving channel is used for receiving echo data corresponding to the vortex electromagnetic waves emitted by the vortex electromagnetic wave antenna in different modes;
and the acquisition unit is used for processing the echo data received by the receiving channel and outputting a measurement result.
In some embodiments, the system further comprises a switch assembly that controls the operational state of the system.
In some embodiments, the vortex electromagnetic wave antenna is a uniform circular array antenna, a parabolic antenna, or a metamaterial antenna.
In some embodiments, the transmission channel comprises a frequency converter and a transmitter, and the frequency of the vortex electromagnetic wave transmitted by the vortex electromagnetic wave antenna is controlled.
In some embodiments, the number of the receiving channels may be 1, and the receiving channels are used to receive echo data corresponding to the vortex electromagnetic waves emitted by the vortex electromagnetic wave antenna in different modes in a time-sharing manner.
In some embodiments, the number of the receiving channels may also be at least two, and the receiving channels are used to simultaneously receive echo data corresponding to the vortex electromagnetic waves emitted by the vortex electromagnetic wave antenna in all modes.
Referring to FIG. 1, the present invention employs a bimodal vortical electromagnetic wave as one embodiment. The whole system comprises a bimodal vortex electromagnetic wave antenna, a switch component, a transmitting channel, a receiving channel, an acquisition unit and the like. Under the time sequence control, the system transmits different vortex electromagnetic waves in a time-sharing mode, and echo data of the corresponding modal vortex electromagnetic waves are obtained after the echo data are reflected by a target. Therefore, one type of modal echo data is obtained in one pulse, the other type of modal echo is obtained in the next pulse, and finally vortex electromagnetic wave echo data of two types of modes can be obtained. It should be noted that although the system described in this embodiment adopts bimodal eddy electromagnetic waves and the echoes are output in a time-sharing manner, in fact, a multimodal eddy electromagnetic wave may also be adopted, and a plurality of receiving channels may also be used to obtain echo data of all modes at the same time, and the method is communicated and will not be described again.
Another embodiment of the present invention provides an interferometric SAR elevation measurement method based on vortex electromagnetic waves, including:
the vortex electromagnetic wave antenna transmits vortex electromagnetic waves of different modes to a target to be detected;
the vortex electromagnetic wave is reflected by a target to be measured to obtain echo data of the corresponding modal vortex electromagnetic wave;
imaging by utilizing vortex electromagnetic waves SAR;
and calculating target elevation information.
In some embodiments, the vortex electromagnetic wave antenna emits vortex electromagnetic waves of different modes to the target to be measured simultaneously or in a time-sharing manner.
In some embodiments, the SAR imaging uses an RD imaging algorithm or an ω K algorithm.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 2, calculating the target elevation information includes the following steps:
step 1, the invention emits bimodal eddy electromagnetic waves, and SAR echo expressions are as follows by using the SAR imaging of the bimodal eddy electromagnetic waves:
wherein t ismIs azimuth slow time, t is fast time, 1 is vortex electromagnetic wave mode, omegaaIs the azimuthal envelope, ωrIs a distanceThe envelope of the deviation, r (t)m) Is the target slant distance, c is the speed of light in vacuum, KrFor frequency modulation of a chirp signal, JlIs a first order bessel function. For phase term thereinAnd the skew term r (t)m) After approximate treatment, the following can be obtained:
s(tm，t，l)≈Aωa(tm-x0/v)ωr(t-2r(tm)/c)exp{iπKr[t-2r(tm)/c]2}
exp{-iπKa(tm-x0/v)2}exp{i2lφ+i2lvtm/y0} (2)
wherein,
A＝σN2Jl 2[k(tm)asinθ(tm)]exp{ilπ}exp(-i4πR0/λ) (3)
a is the amplitude of the echo, KaFrequency modulation of azimuth, R0Is a reference pitch.
And step 2, after distance compression and distance migration correction are carried out on the echo, the following results can be obtained:
s(tm，t，l)≈Aωa(tm-x0/v)pr(t-2R0/c)
exp{-iπKa(tm-x0/v)2}exp{i2lφ+i2lvtm/y0} (4)
wherein p isrIs the distance compressed envelope.
Step 3, with the center of the scene as a reference, i.e. y0＝R0sinθcWherein thetacFor the scene center incidence angle, the OAM phase term which is changed along with the space of the ground distance can be compensated in the azimuth time domain, and the following results can be obtained:
s(tm，t，l)≈Aωa(tm-x0/v)pr(t-2R0/c)
exp{-iπKa(tm-x0/v)2}exp{i2lφ} (5)
and 4, performing azimuth compression to obtain a two-dimensional time domain echo expression:
step 5, at this time, the target initial azimuth phi and the OAM mode 1 are in a pair-coupling relationship, if the bimodal SAR echo phase is subjected to interference processing, the target initial azimuth phi can be solved, and the target initial azimuth phi can be obtained according to the geometric relationship in fig. 3:
sinβ＝sinθcosφ (7)
wherein, β ═ x0/R0And theta is an azimuth angle corresponding to the target azimuth position, and theta is an initial incident angle of the target.
From the geometry in fig. 3, one can obtain:
h＝H-rcosθ (8)
and H is the altitude, r is the initial slant distance of the target, and finally the target elevation information can be obtained.
The effect of the present invention will be further described with reference to the simulation data experiment. The simulation parameters are shown in the table below, and assume that there are two point targets in the scene.
FIG. 4 shows the interference phase result, and finally, according to the interference phase and the imaging geometric relationship, the obtained target elevation estimation result is shown in FIG. 5, the precision of both the two target elevations is better than 1m, and the simulation result preliminarily verifies the effectiveness of the method. The method breaks through the traditional InSAR system, overcomes the requirement on a base line, and reduces the requirement on a flight platform; meanwhile, the problems of baseline decoherence and the like are avoided, and the signal coherence is better; and a foundation is laid for the subsequent multi-mode vortex electromagnetic wave SAR-based three-dimensional imaging.
Based on the above embodiment, the invention has the following alternative technical scheme:
(1) in the form of vortex electromagnetic wave receiving and transmitting antennas, the form of uniform circular array antennas can be replaced by the form of parabolic antennas or super surface material antennas;
(2) in the imaging process of the eddy electromagnetic wave SAR, the RD imaging algorithm can be replaced by an omega K algorithm;
(3) the selection of the vortex electromagnetic wave mode is not limited to the +1 mode and the-1 mode, and vortex electromagnetic waves of any two different modes can be used instead.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An interference SAR elevation measurement system based on vortex electromagnetic waves is characterized by comprising:
vortex electromagnetic wave antennas having different modes;
the emission channel controls the frequency of the vortex electromagnetic wave emitted by the vortex electromagnetic wave antenna;
the receiving channel is used for receiving echo data corresponding to the vortex electromagnetic waves emitted by the vortex electromagnetic wave antenna in different modes;
and the acquisition unit is used for processing the echo data received by the receiving channel and outputting a measurement result.
2. The interferometric SAR elevation measurement system based on vortex electromagnetic waves as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a switch assembly for controlling the operation state of the system.
3. The interferometric SAR elevation measurement system based on vortex electromagnetic waves of claim 1, wherein the vortex electromagnetic wave antenna is a uniform circular array antenna, a parabolic antenna or a super surface material antenna.
4. The interferometric SAR elevation measurement system based on vortex electromagnetic waves as claimed in claim 1, wherein the transmission channel comprises a frequency device and a transmitter, and the frequency of the vortex electromagnetic waves transmitted by the vortex electromagnetic wave antenna is controlled.
5. The interferometric SAR elevation measurement system based on vortex electromagnetic waves according to claim 1, wherein the number of the receiving channels is 1, and the receiving channels are used for receiving echo data corresponding to the vortex electromagnetic waves emitted by the vortex electromagnetic wave antenna in different modes in a time-sharing manner.
6. The interferometric SAR elevation measurement system based on vortex electromagnetic waves according to claim 1, wherein the number of the receiving channels is at least two, and the receiving channels are used for simultaneously receiving echo data corresponding to the vortex electromagnetic waves emitted by the vortex electromagnetic wave antenna in all modes.
7. An interference SAR elevation measurement method based on vortex electromagnetic waves is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the vortex electromagnetic wave antenna transmits vortex electromagnetic waves of different modes to a target to be detected;
the vortex electromagnetic wave is reflected by a target to be measured to obtain echo data of the corresponding modal vortex electromagnetic wave;
imaging by utilizing vortex electromagnetic waves SAR;
and calculating target elevation information.
8. The interferometric SAR elevation measurement method based on the vortex electromagnetic waves as claimed in claim 7, wherein the vortex electromagnetic wave antenna transmits vortex electromagnetic waves of different modes to a target to be measured simultaneously or in a time-sharing manner.
9. The interferometric SAR elevation measurement method based on eddy electromagnetic waves as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that the SAR imaging uses RD imaging algorithm or ω K algorithm.
10. The interferometric SAR elevation measurement method based on eddy electromagnetic waves according to claim 7, wherein the calculating target elevation information comprises:
the echo data of the corresponding modal vortex electromagnetic wave is received as follows:
wherein t ismIs azimuth slow time, t is fast time, 1 is vortex electromagnetic wave mode, omegaaIs the azimuthal envelope, ωrIs the distance envelope, r (t)m) Is the target slant distance, c is the speed of light in vacuum, KrFor frequency modulation of a chirp signal, JlIs a first order Bessel function to which the phase termAnd the skew term r (t)m) After approximate treatment, the following can be obtained:
s(tm，t，l)≈Aωa(tm-x0/v)ωr(t-2r(tm)/c)exp{iπKr[t-2r(tm)/c]2}
exp{-iπKa(tm-x0/v)2}exp{i2lφ+i2lvtm/y0} (2)
wherein,
A＝σN2Jl ２[k(tm)asinθ(tm)]expilπ}exp(-i4πR0/λ) (3)
a is the amplitude of the echo, KａFrequency modulation of azimuth, R0Is a reference slope distance;
performing range compression and range migration correction on the echo:
s(tm，t，l)≈Aωa(tm-x0/v)pr(t-2R0/c)
exp{-iπKa(tm-x0/v)2}exp{i2lφ+i2lvtm/y0} (4)
wherein p isrEnvelope after distance compression;
with reference to the centre of the object to be measured, i.e. y0＝R0sinθcWherein thetacCompensating an OAM phase term which is changed along with the space of the ground distance in an azimuth time domain for a scene center incidence angle:
s(tm，t，l)≈Aωa(tm-x0/v)pr(t-2R0/c)
exp{-iπKa(tm-x0/v)2}exp{i2lφ} (5)
azimuth compression:
and performing interference processing on the echo phase to invert the target elevation information.
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| CN110501707A (en) * | 2019-08-27 | 2019-11-26 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Electromagnetic vortex imaging method based on orbital angular momentum bimodal multiplexing |
| CN110501707B (en) * | 2019-08-27 | 2021-07-02 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Electromagnetic vortex imaging method based on orbital angular momentum bimodal multiplexing |
| CN111208511A (en) * | 2020-01-15 | 2020-05-29 | 西安电子科技大学 | Super-surface antenna three-dimensional imaging method based on linear frequency modulation signals |
| CN111208511B (en) * | 2020-01-15 | 2023-07-28 | 西安电子科技大学 | Super-surface antenna three-dimensional imaging method based on linear frequency modulation signals |
| WO2022117019A1 (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2022-06-09 | 华为技术有限公司 | Communication method and apparatus, and computer readable storage medium |
| CN112834980A (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2021-05-25 | 北京理工大学 | Vortex electromagnetic wave super-resolution direction finding method based on propagation operator |
| CN112834980B (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2024-01-26 | 北京理工大学 | Vortex electromagnetic wave super-resolution direction finding method based on propagation operator |
| CN117849882A (en) * | 2023-12-28 | 2024-04-09 | 山东科技大学 | Submerged oil detection method based on sound vortex technology |
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Application publication date: 20190319 |