CN109489969B - TBM hobbing cutter dynamic and static loading linear cutting test bench - Google Patents
TBM hobbing cutter dynamic and static loading linear cutting test bench Download PDFInfo
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- CN109489969B CN109489969B CN201910075966.4A CN201910075966A CN109489969B CN 109489969 B CN109489969 B CN 109489969B CN 201910075966 A CN201910075966 A CN 201910075966A CN 109489969 B CN109489969 B CN 109489969B
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/58—Investigating machinability by cutting tools; Investigating the cutting ability of tools
Abstract
The invention relates to a TBM hob dynamic and static loading linear cutting test bed which comprises a stand column II, a movable cross beam I, a movable cross beam II, a vibration exciter, a transitional connecting support, a hob mounting seat II, a movable cross beam fixing bolt, a vertical position adjusting and fastening device I and the like; the upper end of the transitional connecting support is fixedly connected with a movable cross beam I, and a guide post at the lower end of the transitional connecting support is connected with a guide hole at the upper end of a hob mounting seat II; the movable cross beam II is arranged between the transitional connecting support and the hob mounting seat II, and two ends of the movable cross beam II penetrate through a rectangular guide groove in the upright post II and are fixedly connected with a movable cross beam fixing bolt; the vibration exciter is fixedly connected to the movable cross beam II, and the impact excitation element of the vibration exciter can be used for applying vertical dynamic load to the hob mounting seat II; the vertical position adjusting and fastening device I is used for adjusting the position of the vibration exciter relative to the hob mounting seat II; on the premise that the main body structure and the layout form of the conventional TBM standard linear cutting test bed are not changed, the hob loading device is improved so as to realize the single-cutter rock breaking test under the dynamic and static loading conditions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of underground space engineering, relates to a dynamic and static loading linear cutting test bed for a rock breaking cutter, and particularly relates to a dynamic and static loading linear cutting test bed for a TBM (full-face hard rock tunnel boring machine) hob (disc hob) obtained by modifying the conventional standard linear cutting test bed for the TBM hob.
Background
In the twenty-first century, China entered the era of great development of engineering construction. The TBM (full-face hard rock tunneling machine) is widely applied to a large number of key underground space engineering projects such as water conservancy, traffic, energy, national defense and the like by virtue of the advantages of high efficiency, environmental protection, high automation degree, strong geological adaptability, manpower saving, high construction speed, one-step tunneling, weather resistance, controllable surface subsidence in excavation and the like. According to prediction, the demand of TBM in each major city in China reaches more than 200, and the production value is expected to reach 500 hundred million in the next 5 years in addition to the demand of other industries.
In the face of such huge market demands of TBMs, research investment and strength of TBMs in the technical fields of relevant design, preparation, application and the like are increased in various colleges and universities and scientific research institutes in China in recent years; the research of the hob rolling rock breaking test by means of a TBM standard linear cutting test bed (Linear cutting Machine) is an important way and means for simulating the tunneling process of the TBM and designing key parts of the TBM.
The Zhao Fujun (reference document: rock breaking theory and experimental research under the coupling action of dynamic and static loads) of the university of China and south researches the rock breaking of the PDC cutter under the action of the dynamic and static loads by using theory and experiment to obtain the fracture damage criterion of the rock breaking of the related PDC cutter; meanwhile, Wang et al (reference: Numerical simulation of rock fragmentation process induced by two drill bits from project to static and dynamic (impact) loading) at New Cassiel university, Australia studied double-bit rock breaking under single dynamic load using Numerical simulation; liujie et al (reference: TBM hob dynamic and static load combined rock breaking numerical simulation) at the university of China and south establishes a dynamic and static load combined rock breaking numerical model by adopting particle flow software, researches the rock breaking characteristics of a single hob under the action of dynamic and static loads from the aspects of micro-crack development and macroscopic damage fracture, and the research results show that: under the action of dynamic and static loads with different frequencies and speed amplitudes, a TBM hob cutting and expanding model is similar to a blunt cutter cutting and expanding model, and main differential substances are generated on the areas of compact nuclei and damaged areas and the development of macrocracks; in most cases, the combined dynamic and static loading is favorable for the development of shear microcracks and unfavorable for the development of tension microcracks. Therefore, the dynamic and static coupling loading mode is beneficial to improving the rock breaking efficiency and improving the comprehensive cutting performance of the cutter.
However, because the existing TBM standard linear cutting test bed has limitations in simulating a rock breaking form (only a linear rolling rock breaking process under a single-cutter static load is simulated formally), and especially limitations in functions of a hob loading device used in the existing TBM standard linear cutting test bed (only a static load is applied to a hob but a dynamic load or a dynamic and static coupling load cannot be applied during rock breaking), the TBM hob rock breaking process under an actual tunneling working condition cannot be simulated more truly, and a single-cutter rolling rock breaking test under consideration of the dynamic and static loading cannot be carried out. At present, few test research reports about rock breaking mechanisms under the action of dynamic and static coupling loads of TBM hobs are reported.
On the basis of the existing TBM standard linear cutting test bed, a new scheme of a plurality of TBM hob rolling rock breaking tests is developed and perfected gradually in the academic world at present. For example, the university of China and south has invented an adjustable multi-hob rock cutting and breaking test device (publication number: CN 101046537A), and a plurality of hobs can be simultaneously installed to simulate the condition that the hobs cut rock. Although the device can simulate the rotary rolling rock breaking motion of the hob really, the hob rolling rock breaking test under the dynamic and static loading condition cannot be carried out. The university of the China and south also invents a hard rock hob rock breaking characteristic testing device (publication number: CN 103969101B) for simulating the processes of hob rolling rock breaking, hob rolling impact composite rock breaking and similar hob abrasion, the device adopts a high-performance servo hydraulic cylinder to perform dynamic and static coupling loading tests, and meanwhile, a hydraulic control system and an imported servo hydraulic valve with high precision are required to be configured, so that the device is high in development cost and maintenance cost, and the device is not beneficial to popularization and use. It should be added that in the above solution, the piston rod of the servo hydraulic cylinder generates impact displacement to simulate loading dynamic load, so the cutting depth of the hob is always in a fluctuating state. A TBM rock breaking test device (publication number: CN 102359919B) invented by the medium-speed railway tunnel group Limited liability company can approximately simulate the real working condition of a cutter, but cannot carry out a hob rolling rock breaking test under the condition of dynamic and static loading. Shenyang heavy machinery group Limited company invented a multi-cutter multi-angle rock breaking device (publication number: CN102445336A) for a rock heading machine, which can simulate the annular confining pressure loading function of rock, but has the problems of processing track deviation and the like caused by unreliable cutter positioning during loading, and can not carry out hob rolling rock breaking tests under dynamic and static loading conditions. A TBM hob rotary rock breaking test platform, and a confining pressure device and a rotary device (publication number: CN 103226068B, CN 103226078B, CN 103226077B) matched with the TBM hob rotary rock breaking test platform are jointly invented by Beijing industry university and New European mechanical Limited company in Guangzhou city, and the device can be used for carrying out a double-cutter rotary rolling rock breaking test and simulating a double-cutter rolling rock breaking test under a unidirectional (or bidirectional) confining pressure condition, but cannot be used for carrying out a hob rolling rock breaking test under a dynamic and static loading condition.
In summary, the new TBM hob rolling rock breaking test scheme solves some functional defects of the existing TBM standard linear cutting test bed (for example, a multi-cutter rotary rock breaking process can be simulated, a new hob dynamic and static coupling rock breaking mode can be studied under the drive of a servo hydraulic cylinder, a similar hob abrasion test can be developed, etc.), but the test cost is high because the structure is more complex compared with the existing TBM standard linear cutting test bed. At present, a low-cost technical implementation scheme for realizing a new function of a single-cutter rock breaking test under a dynamic and static loading condition by locally modifying and upgrading a certain component (such as a dynamic and static hobbing cutter loading device) of the existing TBM standard linear cutting test bed on the premise of ensuring that the main structure and the layout form of the existing TBM standard linear cutting test bed are not changed is not provided.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a TBM hob dynamic and static loading linear cutting test bed, which comprises: perpendicular pneumatic cylinder, crossbeam, perpendicular guide rail, stand II, slider, movable cross beam I, movable cross beam II, stone storehouse brace table, longitudinal rail, stone storehouse support base, transitional coupling support, hobbing cutter mount pad II, vibration exciter, hobbing cutter, stone storehouse, horizontal hydro-cylinder, horizontal guide rail, longitudinal cylinder, movable cross beam gim peg, vertical position control fastener I, outrigger, its characterized in that:
the stone bin supporting base is fixedly connected to the base; the longitudinal guide rails are symmetrically arranged on the stone bin supporting base; the stone bin supporting table is movably nested on the longitudinal guide rail; the longitudinal oil cylinder on the stone bin supporting base pushes the stone bin supporting table to move longitudinally relative to the stone bin supporting base along the longitudinal guide rail; the transverse guide rail is arranged on the stone bin supporting table; the stone bin is movably nested and placed on the transverse guide rail; the transverse oil cylinder on the stone bin supporting platform pushes the stone bin to move transversely relative to the stone bin supporting platform along the transverse guide rail; placing a rock sample in the stone bin; two upright posts II are vertically arranged on two sides of the stone bin, and the top ends of the upright posts II are connected through a cross beam to form a gantry frame structure; the cylinder body and the piston rod of the vertical hydraulic cylinder are fixedly connected with the cross beam and the movable cross beam I respectively, and two ends of the movable cross beam I are fixedly connected with the sliding block; the sliding block is nested on the vertical guide rail in the upright post II, and the vertical hydraulic cylinder pushes the movable cross beam I to vertically move relative to the upright post II along the vertical guide rail on the upright post II; the upper part of the transitional connecting support is fixedly connected with the lower end of the movable cross beam I, and the lower part of the transitional connecting support is provided with a guide post; the hob mounting seat II is correspondingly provided with a guide hole matched with the guide post; the guide post is nested in the guide hole; the movable cross beam II horizontally penetrates through a gap between the transitional connecting support and the hob mounting seat II, and two ends of the movable cross beam II are movably embedded into the guide grooves of the upright post II and then are fixedly connected with the movable cross beam fixing bolts respectively; the movable cross beam fixing bolt is connected with the vertical position adjusting and fastening device I; the vibration exciter is fixedly connected with the movable cross beam II;
vertical position control fastener I includes: a screw, a position drive; the screw rod is arranged on the outer side of the upright post II; the upper end of the screw rod is circumferentially and movably arranged on the outrigger fixedly connected with the stand column II, and the lower end of the screw rod movably penetrates through the movable cross beam fixing bolt and is circumferentially and movably arranged on the outrigger fixedly connected with the stand column II; the lead screw is driven by the position driving device to rotate around the axis of the lead screw; the movable cross beam fixing bolt is matched with the lead screw by a lead screw nut pair; the hob is movably arranged in the hob mounting seat II; and the vertical position adjusting and fastening device I adjusts the position of the movable cross beam II on the stand column II.
The invention also includes an end cap cover plate; the lower part of the guide post is provided with a stepped shaft; the large end of the stepped shaft of the guide column is clamped in the guide hole through the end cover plate; the lower part of the transition connection support is symmetrically provided with four guide posts around the symmetrical center plane of the transition connection support.
Preferably, the end cover plate is semicircular; and the large end of the stepped shaft of the guide column is clamped and sleeved in the guide hole through the two end cover plates.
Preferably, the guide hole is a blind hole; the static loading working state is as follows: the end face of the blind hole is in contact with the end face of the guide post; and a gap is reserved between an impact excitation element of the vibration exciter and the upper part of the hob mounting seat II.
Preferably, in a dynamic and static coupling loading working state, the end face of the blind hole is in contact with the end face of the guide column, and the impact excitation element applies a vertical dynamic load to the upper part of the hob mounting seat II.
Preferably, the vibration exciter is a hydraulic cylinder.
More preferably, the vibration exciter is an air hammer.
Preferably, the position driving device comprises a speed change gear set and a power source; the position driving device is arranged on the overhanging support frame; the speed change gear set comprises a gear I and a gear II; the gear I and the lead screw are circumferentially fixed; and the gear II is in power connection with the power source.
Preferably, the guide groove on the stand II is a rectangular guide groove.
Preferably, the lead screw is a trapezoidal thread lead screw.
The invention has the advantages that: the single-cutter rock breaking test bed has a simple structure, is economical and practical, and can be used for locally modifying and upgrading a certain component (such as a hob loading device) of the conventional TBM standard linear cutting test bed on the premise of not changing the main body structure and the layout form of the conventional TBM standard linear cutting test bed so as to realize the single-cutter rock breaking test under the dynamic and static loading conditions and enable the rock breaking process to be closer to the real working condition. And a new test bed is not required to be purchased, so that the utilization rate of the existing equipment is greatly improved, and the energy-saving and environment-friendly effects are achieved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective structure diagram of a conventional TBM standard wire-electrode cutting test bed.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a TBM hob dynamic and static loading linear cutting test bed according to a first specific embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic perspective structure diagram of a second specific embodiment of a TBM hob dynamic and static loading linear cutting test bed of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a front view of fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is a partially enlarged view of a portion a in fig. 2.
Fig. 6 is a partially enlarged view of B in fig. 4.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a third specific embodiment of a TBM hob dynamic and static loading linear cutting test bed of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a fourth specific embodiment of the TBM hob dynamic and static loading linear cutting test bed of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a right side view of fig. 8.
Detailed Description
In order to better describe the technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the existing TBM standard wire cutting test bench includes: perpendicular pneumatic cylinder (1), crossbeam (2), movable beam I (4), hobbing cutter (10), stone storehouse (12), transverse guide (13), vertical hydro-cylinder (14), transverse hydro-cylinder (15), stone storehouse brace table (16), longitudinal rail (17), stone storehouse support base (18), base (19), stand I (20), blade holder connecting seat (21), hobbing cutter mount pad I (22), perpendicular guide rail (24), its characterized in that: the stone bin supporting base (18) is fixedly connected to the base (19); longitudinal guide rails (17) are symmetrically arranged on the stone bin supporting base (18); the stone bin support platform (16) is movably nested on the longitudinal guide rail (17); a longitudinal oil cylinder (14) on the stone bin supporting base (18) pushes the stone bin supporting table (16) to move longitudinally along a longitudinal guide rail (17) relative to the stone bin supporting base (18); the transverse guide rail (13) is arranged on the stone bin support table (16); the stone bin (12) is movably nested and placed on the transverse guide rail (13); a transverse oil cylinder (15) on the stone bin support platform (16) pushes the stone bin (12) to move transversely relative to the stone bin support platform (16) along a transverse guide rail (13); the rock sample (11) is placed in the stone bin (12) for cutting by a rock breaking cutter; generally, in order to facilitate the assembly and disassembly of the rock sample block, the periphery of the lower part of the rock sample (11) is fixed by fastening screws, and the upper part of the rock sample (11) is a free surface; two upright posts I (20) are vertically arranged on two sides of the stone bin (12), and the top ends of the upright posts I are connected through a cross beam (2) to form a gantry frame structure; the cylinder body and the piston rod of the vertical hydraulic cylinder (1) are respectively fixedly connected with the cross beam (2) and the movable cross beam I (4), and the movable cross beam I (4) vertically moves relative to the upright post I (20) along a vertical guide rail (24) on the upright post I (20) by the vertical hydraulic cylinder (1); the movable cross beam I (4) is fixedly connected with a hob mounting seat I (22) through a tool apron connecting seat (21), and the hob (10) is movably mounted in the hob mounting seat I (22); monitoring the rock breaking process and the abrasion process of the hob by adopting an industrial personal computer, a data acquisition card, an acoustic emission device and a high-speed digital camera system; in addition, a strain gauge is adhered to the tool apron connecting seat (21) or the hob mounting seat I (22), and the three-dimensional force of the hob is detected by using a strain test technology. The test bed can carry out a hob linear rolling rock breaking test under a static load condition, and cannot carry out the hob linear rolling rock breaking test under a dynamic and static coupling load condition.
The first embodiment is described in detail.
In order to solve the problem that the hob loading device of the conventional TBM standard linear cutting test bed cannot perform a rock breaking test under a dynamic and static loading condition, the invention provides the TBM hob dynamic and static loading linear cutting test bed on the basis of the conventional TBM standard linear cutting test bed. As shown in fig. 2 and 5, the TBM hob dynamic and static loading linear cutting test bed provided by the present invention includes: perpendicular pneumatic cylinder (1), crossbeam (2), perpendicular guide rail (24), stand I (20), slider (25), movable beam I (4), vibration exciter (7), stone storehouse brace table (16), longitudinal rail (17), stone storehouse support base (18), base (19), transitional coupling support (5), end cover apron (23), vibration exciter mount pad (26), hobbing cutter mount pad II (9), hobbing cutter (10), stone storehouse (12), horizontal hydro-cylinder (15), horizontal guide rail (13), longitudinal oil cylinder (14), its characterized in that:
the top ends of the two upright posts I (20) are connected by a cross beam (2) to form a gantry frame structure; the vertical hydraulic cylinder (1) is arranged on the cross beam (2); two ends of the movable cross beam I (4) are fixedly connected with sliding blocks (25); the sliding block (25) is nested on a vertical guide rail (24) arranged in the upright post I (20); the vertical hydraulic cylinder (1) drives the movable cross beam I (4) to vertically move relative to the upright post I (20) along the vertical guide rail (24);
the upper part of the transition connecting support (5) is fixedly connected with the lower end of the movable cross beam I (4), and the lower part of the transition connecting support is provided with a guide column (5-1); a guide hole (9-1) matched with the guide column (5-1) is correspondingly formed in the hob mounting seat II (9); the guide post (5-1) is nested in the guide hole (9-1);
the vibration exciter mounting seat (26) penetrates through a gap between the transitional connection support (5) and the hob mounting seat II (9) and is fixedly connected to the movable cross beam I (4); the vibration exciter (7) is fixedly connected to the vibration exciter mounting seat (26); an impact excitation element (7-1) of the vibration exciter (7) can abut against the upper part of the hob mounting seat II (9) and is used for applying vertical dynamic load to the hob mounting seat II (9);
it is worth explaining that the vertical dynamic load generated when the vibration exciter (7) works can be transmitted to the vertical hydraulic cylinder (1) through the movable cross beam I (4), so that a piston rod of the vertical hydraulic cylinder (1) vibrates slightly, the cutting depth of the hob (10) pressed into the rock sample (11) fluctuates, and the precision of a test result is influenced finally. In order to ensure that the vertical dynamic load generated by the vibration exciter (7) mainly acts on the hob mounting seat II (9), namely, the coupling impact effect of the vertical dynamic load on the vertical hydraulic cylinder (1) through the movable cross beam I (4) is reduced to the maximum extent, the guide column (5-1) can vertically move up and down for a certain distance relative to the guide hole (9-1);
the hob (10) is movably arranged in the hob mounting seat II (9).
Preferably, the lower part of the transitional connection support (5) is symmetrically provided with four guide columns (5-1) relative to the symmetrical center plane of the transitional connection support (5); the lower part of the guide post (5-1) is provided with a stepped shaft; the big end of the stepped shaft of the guide post (5-1) is clamped in the guide hole (9-1) through the end cover plate (23); it is worth to be noted that the end cover plate (23) is semicircular; and the large end of the stepped shaft of the guide column is clamped and sleeved in the guide hole through the two end cover plates.
More preferably, the guide hole (9-1) is a blind hole; in a static loading working state (namely, a piston rod of the vertical hydraulic cylinder (1) pushes a hobbing cutter (10) fixedly connected on the movable cross beam I (4) to feed downwards so that the hobbing cutter (10) contacts and penetrates into a rock sample (11) to a given cutting depth, then the vertical hydraulic cylinder (1) is locked, and the vibration exciter (7) does not participate in working): in order to transfer larger static load and ensure the rigidity and the strength of the device, the end surface of the blind hole is contacted with the end surface of the guide column (5-1); in order to prevent the impact excitation element (7-1) from being stressed and bent under the static loading working state, a certain gap exists between the impact excitation element (7-1) and the upper part of the hob mounting seat II (9); in other words, if the gap does not exist, in a static loading working state, the static load applied by the vertical hydraulic cylinder (1) is transmitted to the vibration exciter (7) through the movable cross beam I (4), the transitional connecting support (5), the hob mounting seat II (9); in order to prevent a hob (10) fixedly connected to a movable cross beam I (4) from feeding downwards under the dynamic and static coupling loading working state (namely, a piston rod of a vertical hydraulic cylinder (1) pushes the hob (10) to be fixedly connected to the movable cross beam I (4), so that the hob (10) is in contact with and penetrates into a rock sample (11) to a given cutting depth, and then the vertical hydraulic cylinder (1) is locked, a vibration exciter (7) is started, an impact vibration excitation element (7-1) of the vibration exciter starts to act on the upper portion of a hob mounting seat II (9) in a reciprocating mode, a vertical dynamic load is applied to the hob (10) on the hob mounting seat II (9), and the impact vibration excitation element (7-1) cannot abut against the upper portion of the hob mounting seat II (9) due to the fact that the gap is too large, adjustment is conducted by means of repairing the upper end face of the vibration exciter mounting.
Preferably, the vibration exciter (7) is a hydraulic cylinder, and a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder is an impact excitation element (7-1). In the embodiment, in order to save cost, a hydraulic cylinder selected by the vibration exciter (7) is a servo hydraulic cylinder with small rated working pressure (such as 10MPa) so as to apply vertical dynamic load to the hob mounting seat II (9); and the vertical hydraulic cylinder (1) is a common hydraulic cylinder (non-servo hydraulic cylinder) with higher rated working pressure (such as 30MPa) so as to indirectly apply larger vertical static load to the hob mounting seat II (9). In this way, the common hydraulic cylinder applies a large constant static load which is mainly used for controlling the hob to reach and maintain a given cutting depth, and the piston rod of the servo hydraulic cylinder generates impact displacement to simulate and load a relatively small dynamic load, so that the cutting depth of the hob is always in a relatively small fluctuation state; under the combined action of the two hydraulic cylinders, the dynamic and static coupling loading of the hob is finally realized.
More preferably, in order to further save cost, the vibration exciter (7) is a common air hammer, and the impact excitation element (7-1) is a hammer head.
The other technical characteristics of the TBM hob dynamic and static loading linear cutting test bed provided by the invention are the same as those of the existing TBM standard linear cutting test bed, namely:
the stone bin supporting base (18) is fixedly connected to the base (19); longitudinal guide rails (17) are symmetrically arranged on the stone bin supporting base (18); the stone bin support platform (16) is movably nested on the longitudinal guide rail (17); a longitudinal oil cylinder (14) on the stone bin supporting base (18) pushes the stone bin supporting table (16) to move longitudinally along a longitudinal guide rail (17) relative to the stone bin supporting base (18); the transverse guide rail (13) is arranged on the stone bin support table (16); the stone bin (12) is movably nested and placed on the transverse guide rail (13); a transverse oil cylinder (15) on the stone bin support platform (16) pushes the stone bin (12) to move transversely relative to the stone bin support platform (16) along a transverse guide rail (13); the rock sample (11) is placed in the stone bin (12) for cutting by a rock breaking cutter; generally, in order to facilitate the assembly and disassembly of the rock sample block, the periphery of the lower part of the rock sample (11) is fixed by fastening screws, and the upper part of the rock sample (11) is a free surface; the gantry frame structure is fixedly connected with the base (19), and two upright posts I (20) of the gantry frame structure are vertically arranged on two sides of the stone bin (12); monitoring the rock breaking process and the abrasion process of the hob by adopting an industrial personal computer, a data acquisition card, an acoustic emission device and a high-speed digital camera system; in addition, a strain gauge is adhered to the transitional connection support (5) or the hob mounting seat II (9), and the three-way force of the hob is detected by utilizing a strain test technology. The test bed can carry out a hob linear rolling rock breaking test under the condition of static load (or dynamic and static coupling load).
The second embodiment is described in detail.
In order to avoid the transmission of the excitation reaction force to the vertical hydraulic cylinder (1) when the exciter (7) works, as shown in fig. 3, 4 and 6, a movable cross beam II (6) is preferably used for replacing an exciter mounting seat (26) fixedly connected to the movable cross beam I (4); a guide groove is formed in the stand column II (3) to obtain the stand column II (3); the movable cross beam II (6) horizontally penetrates through a gap between the transitional connection support (5) and the hob mounting seat II (9), and two ends of the movable cross beam II (6) are vertically and movably embedded into the guide grooves; the relative position of the movable cross beam II (6) relative to the guide groove is adjustable; in the embodiment, more specifically, two ends of the movable cross beam II (6) pass through the guide grooves and then are fixedly connected with the movable cross beam fixing bolts (8) respectively; a fastening screw hole is formed in the movable cross beam fixing bolt (8), and the movable cross beam II (6) is fixed on the stand column II (3) through the fastening screw;
preferably, the guide groove on the upright II (3) is a rectangular guide groove.
The vibration exciter (7) is fixedly connected to the movable cross beam II (6); other technical features are the same as those of the first embodiment;
the comparative analysis of the first embodiment and the second embodiment shows that:
1) compared with the existing TBM standard linear cutting test bed, the first specific embodiment has the advantages that the modification is small, the equipment modification cost is low, but the excitation counter force is transmitted to the vertical hydraulic cylinder (1) when the vibration exciter (7) works;
2) in the specific embodiment, compared with the existing TBM standard linear cutting test bed, the modification is larger (for example, a guide groove is processed on the upright post I (20) to obtain the upright post II (3)), the equipment modification cost is higher, but the excitation reaction force of the vibration exciter (7) cannot be transmitted to the vertical hydraulic cylinder (1) when the vibration exciter works;
in addition, the movable cross beam II (6) is limited on the stand column II (3) only by means of a set screw, the reliability is poor, and the adjustment is difficult (time and labor are wasted).
The third embodiment.
With reference to the second specific embodiment, in order to conveniently adjust the relative position of the movable cross beam ii (6) (relative to the column ii (3)) and perform reliable fastening and positioning, more preferably, as shown in fig. 7, the TBM hob dynamic and static loading linear cutting test bed further comprises a vertical position adjusting and fastening device i, and is characterized in that:
vertical position control fastener I includes: a screw (27) and a position drive device; wherein the screw rod (27) is arranged on the outer side of the upright post II (3); the upper end of the screw rod (27) is circumferentially and movably arranged on an outrigger (3-1) fixedly connected with the stand column II (3), and the lower end of the screw rod movably penetrates through a movable cross beam fixing bolt (8) and is circumferentially and movably arranged on an outrigger (3-2) fixedly connected with the stand column II (3); the movable cross beam fixing bolt (8) is matched with a screw nut pair; the screw rod (27) is driven by the position driving device to rotate around the axis of the screw rod, so that the movable cross beam II (6) moves up and down along the screw rod (27) relative to the upright post II (3); and the movable cross beam II (6) can be leaned against and fixed relative to the upright post II (3) by utilizing the self-locking characteristic of the screw threads of the lead screw.
Preferably, the screw (27) is a trapezoidal thread screw.
More specifically, the position driving device comprises a speed change gear set and a power source; the position driving device is arranged on the overhanging support frame (3-2); as shown in fig. 5, the speed change gear set includes gear i (28) and gear ii (29); the gear I (28) and the lead screw (27) are circumferentially fixed; and the gear II (29) is in power connection with the power source.
The fourth embodiment.
Considering characteristics such as screw nut pair's high transmission efficiency, location accuracy in the third embodiment, but the auto-lock nature is poor, and the price is comparatively expensive, and it is higher to maintain the maintenance requirement simultaneously (there is a large amount of dust pollution in the test bench scene, leads to lead to the lead screw wearing and tearing to lose efficacy or card extremely easily), more preferably, as shown in fig. 8 and fig. 9, a TBM hobbing cutter sound loading line cutting test bench still includes vertical position adjustment fastener II, its characterized in that:
vertical position control fastener II includes: the screw rod (30), the boss I (3-3) and the boss II (3-4); wherein, the boss I (3-3) and the boss II (3-4) are fixedly connected with the upright post II (3); a threaded rod (30) is vertically installed on the outer side of the upright post II (3), and the threaded rod (30) movably penetrates through the movable cross beam fixing bolt (8) to be fixedly connected with a boss I (3-3) and a boss II (3-4) on the upright post II (3); a movable cross beam II (6) and a movable cross beam fixing bolt (8) are fixed and limited on the threaded rod (30) by a pair of opposite nuts (31);
preferably, a pair of threaded rods (30) are arranged on the outer side of the upright II (3) at the same time, so that the stability of the mechanism is improved;
preferably, the nut (31) is a self-locking nut; double nuts are adopted for fastening the threaded rods (30) on the upper side and the lower side of the movable cross beam fixing bolt (8);
therefore, due to the fact that the screw pair formed by the screw and the nut is adopted, compared with the screw nut pair in the third embodiment, the screw nut pair is compact in structure, high in rigidity and low in cost, and is more suitable for popularization and use.
In order to facilitate understanding of the TBM hob dynamic and static loading linear cutting test bed, the main operation process of the device is briefly described by taking a third specific embodiment as an example:
firstly, a static loading working state: the position of the stone bin (12) is adjusted through a transverse oil cylinder (15) or a longitudinal oil cylinder (14), so that the hob (10) is in the optimal position relative to the surface to be cut of the rock sample (11); under the drive of the vertical hydraulic cylinder (1), a piston rod of the vertical hydraulic cylinder pushes a hob (10) fixedly connected to the movable cross beam I (4) to feed downwards; the vertical hydraulic cylinder (1) applies a vertical static load to the hob (10) through the hob mounting seat II (9), so that the hob (10) is in contact with and penetrates into the rock sample (11) to a given cutting depth, then the vertical hydraulic cylinder (1) is locked, and the vibration exciter (7) is not started; a longitudinal oil cylinder (14) is driven to complete a linear rock breaking test; after the groove-drawing test is completed once, the stone bin (12) can horizontally move under the driving of the transverse oil cylinder (15), so that the rock sample (11) is driven to horizontally move, and the multi-cutter sequential linear cutting process under different cutter intervals is simulated.
Secondly, loading the working state of dynamic and static coupling: the position of the stone bin (12) is adjusted through a transverse oil cylinder (15) or a longitudinal oil cylinder (14), so that the hob (10) is in the optimal position relative to the surface to be cut of the rock sample (11); under the drive of the vertical hydraulic cylinder (1), a piston rod of the vertical hydraulic cylinder pushes a hob (10) fixedly connected to the movable cross beam (2) to feed downwards; the vertical hydraulic cylinder (1) applies quasi-static vertical thrust to the hob (10) through the hob mounting seat II (9), so that the hob (10) contacts and penetrates into the rock sample (11) to a given cutting depth, and then the vertical hydraulic cylinder (1) is locked; the position driving device drives the screw rod (27), and drives the screw rod (27) on the gear I (28) to rotate through the gear II (29), so that the movable cross beam II (6) moves to the optimal position along the screw rod (27); the driving vibration exciter (7) impacts the impact excitation element (7-1) to impact the hob mounting seat II (9), so that a dynamic load is applied to the hob (10), and the purpose of dynamic and static coupling loading is achieved; at the moment, a related hob rolling rock breaking test can be carried out under a dynamic and static coupling loading state.
The invention has the advantages that: the single-cutter rock breaking test bed has a simple structure, is economical and practical, and can be used for locally modifying and upgrading a certain component (such as a hob loading device) of the conventional TBM standard linear cutting test bed on the premise of not changing the main body structure and the layout form of the conventional TBM standard linear cutting test bed so as to realize the single-cutter rock breaking test under the dynamic and static loading conditions and enable the rock breaking process to be closer to the real working condition. And a new test bed is not required to be purchased, so that the utilization rate of the existing equipment is greatly improved, and the energy-saving and environment-friendly effects are achieved.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can substitute or change the technical solution of the present invention and its inventive concept within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a TBM hobbing cutter sound loading linear cutting test bench, includes: perpendicular pneumatic cylinder, crossbeam, perpendicular guide rail, stand II, slider, movable cross beam I, movable cross beam II, stone storehouse brace table, longitudinal rail, stone storehouse support base, transitional coupling support, hobbing cutter mount pad II, vibration exciter, hobbing cutter, stone storehouse, horizontal hydro-cylinder, horizontal guide rail, longitudinal cylinder, movable cross beam gim peg, vertical position control fastener I, outrigger, end cover apron, its characterized in that:
the vertical hydraulic cylinder is a non-servo hydraulic cylinder; the vibration exciter is an air hammer;
the stone bin supporting base is fixedly connected to the base; the longitudinal guide rails are symmetrically arranged on the stone bin supporting base; the stone bin supporting table is movably nested on the longitudinal guide rail; the longitudinal oil cylinder on the stone bin supporting base pushes the stone bin supporting table to move longitudinally relative to the stone bin supporting base along the longitudinal guide rail; the transverse guide rail is arranged on the stone bin supporting table; the stone bin is movably nested and placed on the transverse guide rail; the transverse oil cylinder on the stone bin supporting platform pushes the stone bin to move transversely relative to the stone bin supporting platform along the transverse guide rail; placing a rock sample in the stone bin; two upright posts II are vertically arranged on two sides of the stone bin, and the top ends of the upright posts II are connected through a cross beam to form a gantry frame structure; the cylinder body and the piston rod of the vertical hydraulic cylinder are fixedly connected with the cross beam and the movable cross beam I respectively, and two ends of the movable cross beam I are fixedly connected with the sliding block; the sliding block is nested on the vertical guide rail in the upright post II, and the vertical hydraulic cylinder pushes the movable cross beam I to vertically move relative to the upright post II along the vertical guide rail on the upright post II; the upper part of the transition connecting support is fixedly connected with the lower end of the movable cross beam I; the lower part of the transition connecting support is symmetrically provided with four guide columns around the symmetrical central plane of the transition connecting support; the lower part of the guide post is provided with a stepped shaft; the hob mounting seat II is correspondingly provided with a guide hole matched with the guide post; the large end of the stepped shaft of the guide column is clamped in the guide hole through the end cover plate; the movable cross beam II horizontally penetrates through a gap between the transitional connecting support and the hob mounting seat II, and two ends of the movable cross beam II are movably embedded into the guide grooves of the upright post II and then are fixedly connected with the movable cross beam fixing bolts respectively; the movable cross beam fixing bolt is connected with the vertical position adjusting and fastening device I; the vibration exciter is fixedly connected with the movable cross beam II;
the guide hole is a blind hole;
the static loading working state is as follows: the end face of the blind hole is in contact with the end face of the guide post; a gap is reserved between an impact excitation element of the vibration exciter and the upper part of the hob mounting seat II;
dynamic and static coupling loading working state: the end face of the blind hole is in contact with the end face of the guide column, and the impact excitation element applies a vertical dynamic load to the upper part of the hob mounting seat II;
vertical position control fastener I includes: a screw, a position drive; the screw rod is arranged on the outer side of the upright post II; the upper end of the screw rod is circumferentially and movably arranged on the outrigger fixedly connected with the stand column II, and the lower end of the screw rod movably penetrates through the movable cross beam fixing bolt and is circumferentially and movably arranged on the outrigger fixedly connected with the stand column II; the lead screw is driven by the position driving device to rotate around the axis of the lead screw; the movable cross beam fixing bolt is matched with the lead screw by a lead screw nut pair; the hob is movably arranged in the hob mounting seat II; a strain gauge is adhered to the hob mounting seat II and used for detecting the three-dimensional force of the hob; and the vertical position adjusting and fastening device I adjusts the position of the movable cross beam II on the stand column II.
2. The TBM hob dynamic and static loading linear cutting test bed according to claim 1, characterized in that: the end cover plate is in a semicircular ring shape; and the large end of the stepped shaft of the guide column is clamped and sleeved in the guide hole through the two end cover plates.
3. The TBM hob dynamic and static loading linear cutting test bed according to claim 1, characterized in that: the position driving device comprises a speed change gear set and a power source; the position driving device is arranged on the overhanging support frame; the speed change gear set comprises a gear I and a gear II; the gear I and the lead screw are circumferentially fixed; and the gear II is in power connection with the power source.
4. The TBM hob dynamic and static loading linear cutting test bed according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the guide groove of the stand column II is a rectangular guide groove.
5. The TBM hob dynamic and static loading linear cutting test bed according to claim 1, characterized in that: the lead screw is a trapezoidal thread lead screw.
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| CN109946166A (en) * | 2019-03-22 | 2019-06-28 | 湘潭大学 | A kind of rock confining pressure simulator |
| CN110005423B (en) * | 2019-04-18 | 2020-11-17 | 中铁隧道局集团有限公司 | Method for adjusting installation position of main thrust oil cylinder of hob rock machine comprehensive experiment platform |
| CN109974994B (en) * | 2019-04-18 | 2020-06-09 | 中铁隧道局集团有限公司 | Self-adaptive hobbing cutter device for hobbing cutter experiment platform |
| CN110303606B (en) * | 2019-06-26 | 2020-08-07 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Portable raw rock structural surface topography processing device and operation method thereof |
| CN111624088B (en) * | 2020-04-20 | 2021-07-06 | 山东大学 | TBM hob and high-pressure water jet coupling rock breaking simulation test system and method |
| CN112730134B (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2023-10-13 | 中铁山河工程装备股份有限公司 | Rock breaking cutter material-compact core material counter grinding test method |
| CN112730133B (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2023-03-21 | 湘潭大学 | Rock breaking cutter material-compact nuclear substance pair abrasion test device |
| CN114184379B (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2024-03-19 | 盾构及掘进技术国家重点实验室 | Bearing performance test system |
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| SU697871A1 (en) * | 1978-06-27 | 1979-11-15 | Всесоюзный Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Научно-Исследовательский Институт Гидротехники Имени Б.Е.Веденеева | Device for investigating mechanical properties of specimens of solid bodies |
| CN201589742U (en) * | 2009-12-22 | 2010-09-22 | 中国重型机械研究院有限公司 | Rock cutting tool cutting test device |
| CN202221392U (en) * | 2011-08-26 | 2012-05-16 | 中铁隧道集团有限公司 | Adjusting structure of hobbing cutter holder of core breaking testing machine of TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) |
| KR101322125B1 (en) * | 2011-11-30 | 2013-10-28 | 호서대학교 산학협력단 | Tunnel boring machine simulator |
| CN202814694U (en) * | 2012-08-21 | 2013-03-20 | 中铁隧道装备制造有限公司 | Hob testing stand for shield tunneling machine and TBM |
| CN103969141B (en) * | 2013-01-29 | 2016-08-03 | 中南大学 | A kind of hard rock hob breaks rock characteristic test device |
| CN106248515A (en) * | 2016-08-19 | 2016-12-21 | 中铁隧道集团有限公司 | A kind of shield TBM hob abrasion Forecasting Methodology |
| CN107014603B (en) * | 2017-06-06 | 2019-03-15 | 中铁隧道集团有限公司 | A kind of experimental method obtaining different geology operating condition shield cutter exciting forces |
| CN209342355U (en) * | 2019-01-26 | 2019-09-03 | 湘潭大学 | A kind of TBM hob sound loaded line cutting test platform |
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