CN109489835B - System and method for detecting phase and polarization of odd point light based on GS iterative algorithm - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a system and a method for detecting the phase and polarization of odd point light based on a GS iterative algorithm, wherein the system comprises: the odd point light generation module is used for generating odd point light with different topological charge numbers and different polarization orders; the polarization separation module is used for separating the left-handed circular polarization component and the right-handed circular polarization component in the odd point light to obtain two vortex light beams with different topological charge numbers; the light intensity acquisition module is used for acquiring light intensity information of the focus position of the separated vortex light beam after Fourier transform through the cylindrical lens; and the data processing module is used for respectively reducing the phases of the two vortex light beams and superposing the two vortex light beams with different polarization components to obtain the phase and polarization distribution of the odd point light. Compared with the traditional detection method, the method provided by the invention can be used for more accurately obtaining the phase and polarization distribution condition of the odd point light, and is simpler in system, short in time consumption and convenient and fast to operate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of information optics, in particular to a system and a method for detecting the phase and polarization of odd point light based on a GS iterative algorithm.
Background
The singularity light beam is a special structural light beam with light intensity distribution similar to that of a doughnut-shaped dark hollow distribution, and vortex rotation, column vector light and column vector vortex rotation belong to the singularity light. The vortex light carries orbital angular momentum, has a spiral special phase structure and can be expressed as exp (il theta), l is the topological charge number of the vortex light, the vortex light among different topological charge numbers is orthogonal to each other, and theoretically l can take any integer value. The cylindrical vector light is a light beam with uneven polarization distribution, and a polarization singular point exists in the center of the light beam, so that the light intensity is also in dark hollow distribution. The cylindrical vector light can obtain a strong longitudinal polarized light field at the focal position under the action of a tight focusing field, and has a smaller focal spot size compared with a common Gaussian beam. According to the characteristic, the column vector beam is widely applied to the fields of data storage, particle acceleration, super-resolution imaging, optical tweezers and the like. The cylindrical vector vortex light beam is a special singular point light beam which simultaneously comprises a cylindrical vector polarization state and a vortex phase, has the characteristics of the cylindrical vector light and the vortex light, and has great application potential. The cylindrical vector light and the cylindrical vector vortex light can be decomposed into left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized vortex optical rotations with different topological charge numbers. Phase and polarization are two very important parameters for describing the beam, and analyzing the phase and polarization structure of the beam becomes important to further understand the singularity of the beam.
However, the general method for measuring the spiral phase of the vortex optical rotation generally uses plane waves or plane wave interference, and the method for detecting the polarization state of the column vector light mainly uses a Stokes parameter method, which has higher requirements on the collimation of an optical path and the coherence of light beams, and the experimental optical path is difficult to adjust. The two methods can only measure the phase or polarization respectively, and the experimental light path is complex, the requirement on the collimation of the light path is high, time and labor are wasted, and the measurement precision is low. Although many experts and scholars propose many iterative algorithms to recover the phase, the problems of large errors of the recovered phase, large number of iterations, large calculation amount and the like still exist.
Accordingly, the prior art is yet to be improved and developed.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a system and a system for detecting the phase and polarization of an odd-point light based on a GS iterative algorithm, aiming at solving the problems of large error, low measurement accuracy, complex experimental optical path, large calculation amount, etc. in the method for measuring the phase and polarization of an odd-point light in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows:
a phase and polarization detection system for odd-point light based on GS iterative algorithm, wherein the system comprises:
the odd point light generating module is used for generating odd point light with different topological charge numbers and different polarization orders;
the polarization separation module is used for separating a left-handed circular polarization component and a right-handed circular polarization component in the odd-point light to obtain two vortex light beams with different topological charge numbers;
the light intensity acquisition module is used for acquiring light intensity information of the focus position of the separated vortex light beam after Fourier transform is carried out on the vortex light beam through the cylindrical lens;
and the data processing module is used for respectively restoring the phases of the two vortex light beams and superposing the two vortex light beams with different polarization components to obtain the phase and polarization distribution of the odd point light.
The phase and polarization detection system of the odd point light based on the GS iterative algorithm, wherein the odd point light generation module comprises: a light source for generating a gaussian beam;
the polarizer is connected with the light source and used for changing the polarization direction of incident light;
and the odd point light generating device is connected with the polarizer and is used for changing the phase and the polarization structure of incident light and generating odd point light without topological charge number and different polarization orders.
The phase and polarization detection system of the odd-point light based on the GS iterative algorithm comprises: and the polarization splitter is connected with the singularity light generating device and used for realizing polarization separation.
The phase and polarization detection system of the odd point light based on the GS iterative algorithm, wherein the light intensity acquisition module comprises: the Fourier transform unit is connected with the polarization decomposer and used for realizing Fourier transform; and the light intensity shooting device is connected with the Fourier transform unit and is used for collecting the light intensity patterns of the separated vortex light beams.
The phase and polarization detection system of the odd-point light based on the GS iterative algorithm is characterized in that the light source is set to be a He-Ne laser with the wavelength of 632.5nm, the polarizer is a Glan prism, and the odd-point light generating device comprises a quarter-wave plate and a Q-plate.
The phase and polarization detection system of the odd-point light based on the GS iterative algorithm is characterized in that the odd-point light generating device further comprises a vortex super-surface or a spatial light modulator.
The phase and polarization detection system of the odd-point light based on the GS iterative algorithm comprises a quarter-wave plate and a polarization beam splitter.
The phase and polarization detection system of the odd-point light based on the GS iterative algorithm further comprises a quarter-wave plate and an analyzer.
The phase and polarization detection system of the odd-point light based on the GS iterative algorithm is characterized in that the Fourier transform unit is a cylindrical lens with the focal length of 10 cm; the light intensity collecting device is a CCD detector.
A method for detecting the phase and polarization of odd-point light based on a GS iterative algorithm is based on any one of the above methods, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
generating odd point light with different topological charge numbers and different polarization orders by using an odd point light generating device;
separating a left-handed circular polarization component and a right-handed circular polarization component in the odd point light to obtain two vortex light beams with different topological charge numbers;
collecting light intensity information of a focus position of the separated vortex light beam after Fourier transformation of the vortex light beam through a cylindrical lens;
and respectively reducing the phases of the two vortex light beams, and superposing the two vortex light beams with different polarization components to obtain the phase and polarization distribution of the odd point light.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, by generating the odd point light with different topological charge numbers and different polarization orders, carrying out polarization separation on the odd point light, then carrying out Fourier transform on the two vortex lights obtained after separation, acquiring light intensity information, and carrying out iterative calculation on the light intensity information to obtain the phase and polarization distribution of the odd point light.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of the phase and polarization detection system of the odd-point light based on the GS iterative algorithm of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a calculation schematic diagram of a GS iterative algorithm in the phase and polarization detection system of the odd-point light based on the GS iterative algorithm.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an experimental apparatus of a first preferred embodiment of the phase and polarization detection system of the odd-point light based on the GS iterative algorithm.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an experimental apparatus of a second preferred embodiment of the phase and polarization detection system of the odd-point light based on the GS iterative algorithm.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an experimental apparatus of a third preferred embodiment of the phase and polarization detection system of the odd-point light based on the GS iterative algorithm.
Fig. 6 is a schematic flow chart of the phase and polarization detection method of the odd-point light based on the GS iterative algorithm.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer and clearer, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Aiming at the problems of large error, low measurement precision, complex experimental light path, large calculation amount and the like of the method for measuring the phase and polarization of the odd point light in the prior art, the invention provides a system for detecting the phase and polarization of the odd point light based on a GS iterative algorithm, and the system comprises the following components: a singular point light generating module 100, a polarization separating module 200, a light intensity collecting module 300, and a data processing module 400. Specifically, in the present embodiment, the singular point light generating module 100 is configured to generate the singular point lights with different topological charge numbers and different polarization orders; the polarization separation module 200 is configured to separate a left-handed circular polarization component and a right-handed circular polarization component in the odd-point light to obtain two vortex light beams with different topological charge numbers; the light intensity acquisition module 300 is used for acquiring light intensity information of a focus position of the separated vortex light beam after Fourier transform is carried out on the vortex light beam through a cylindrical lens; and the data processing module 400 is configured to reduce the phases of the two vortex light beams respectively, and superimpose the two vortex light beams with different polarization components to obtain the phase and polarization distribution of the singularity light. In the embodiment, the phase and polarization distribution of the odd point light are obtained by generating the odd point light with different topological charge numbers and different polarization orders, performing polarization separation on the odd point light, performing Fourier transform on two vortex lights obtained after separation, acquiring light intensity information, and performing iterative calculation on the light intensity information.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, The calculation principle of The GS (The Gerchberg-Saxton) algorithm used in The present invention is given in fig. 2. As shown in FIG. 2, the incident light is UinFourier transform is carried out on the light field distribution through a cylindrical lens with the phase phi to obtain the following light field distribution:
where A is the amplitude term of the light field,
for the phase item of the light field, keeping the phase item unchanged, replacing the amplitude item of the light field with corresponding light intensity collected in a CCD detector to obtain new light field distribution
And then carrying out inverse Fourier transform through corresponding cylindrical lenses to obtain new light field distribution:
in order to improve the accuracy of reduction, the deflection angle of the cylindrical lens is changed, wherein i is the number of times of rotation in one period of the cylindrical lens, multiple groups of data are obtained and then averaged, and then the obtained light field is used as input to perform the next iteration. Wherein l is the number of iterations,
where k 2 pi/λ is the wave number, λ is the wavelength of the incident light, and f is the focal length of the cylindrical lens. After M iterations to obtain an accurate light field distribution, the phase distribution of the incident light beam is angle (u).
The invention processes two vortex light beams with different topological charge numbers separated from the singular point light based on the GS algorithm so as to obtain the phase distribution of the singular point light, and the whole algorithm process is simple, the calculated amount is small, and the error is small, so that more accurate phase, namely polarization detection is realized.
The singular point light generating module 100 in the present embodiment preferably includes: a light source for generating a gaussian beam; the polarizer is connected with the light source and used for changing the polarization direction of incident light; and the odd point light generating device is connected with the polarizer and is used for changing the phase and the polarization structure of incident light and generating odd point light without topological charge number and different polarization orders. The polarization separation module 200 includes: and the polarization splitter is connected with the singularity light generating device and used for realizing polarization separation. The light intensity collecting module 300 includes: the Fourier transform unit is connected with the polarization decomposer and used for realizing Fourier transform; and the light intensity shooting device is connected with the Fourier transform unit and is used for collecting the light intensity patterns of the separated vortex light beams. The data processing module 400 includes, but is not limited to, a computer having a data processing function.
Further, in the present embodiment, the light source is provided as a He-Ne laser having a wavelength of 632.5nm, the polarizer is a glan prism, and the singular point light generating means is composed of a quarter wave plate and a Q-plate. The polarization decomposer consists of a quarter-wave plate and a polarization beam splitter. The Fourier transform unit is a cylindrical lens with the focal length of 10 cm; the light intensity collecting device is a CCD detector. It should be noted that the above-mentioned devices are only used for illustrating the present invention, and are not used for limiting the present invention, and other devices with corresponding functions may be substituted. The singularity light generating means may also be a vortex super surface or a spatial light modulator, for example. The polarization splitter can also be composed of a quarter-wave plate and an analyzer. The cylindrical lens in the Fourier transform unit is not limited to the focal length of 10cm, and other Fourier transform devices which can realize Fourier transform and have obvious characteristics of light intensity after Fourier transform can be used for replacing the cylindrical lens.
Further, the present invention provides three specific embodiments, which take vortex light, column vector light and column vector vortex rotation as examples to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and the following details are provided.
Implement one
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a diagram of an experimental apparatus of the system of the present invention, which is an example of vortex rotation. The experimental apparatus in this embodiment is composed of 12 parts, where 1 is a light source, 2 is a glan mirror with an optical axis direction on the X axis, 3 is a first Quarter Wave Plate (QWP) with an angle of 45 ° with the X axis, 4 is a super surface, 5 is a second quarter wave plate with an angle of 45 ° with the X axis, 6 is a polarizing beam splitter, 7 and 9 are cylindrical lenses, 8 is a mirror, 10 and 11 are CCD detectors, and 12 is a computer. Specifically, the light emitted from the light source 1 is gaussian and passes through the glan prism 2 having an optical axis direction on the x-axis to be polarized in the x-direction. Preferably, the present embodiment uses a super-surface with a sub-wavelength structure etched on the surface to generate the vortex rotation, and the super-surface can change the phase and polarization of the incident light (for circular polarized light passing through the super-surface, the emergent light is vortex rotation with opposite circular polarization, and for linear polarized light incidence, the emergent light is vector light). In this embodiment, for the x-direction linearly polarized light after passing through the glan prism 2, it is converted into left-handed circularly polarized light by using a Quarter Wave Plate (QWP)3 forming an angle of 45 ° with the x-axis, and then changed into vortex light of right-handed circularly polarized state after passing through the super surface 4; the polarization separation part is characterized in that the left-handed circular polarization component and the right-handed circular polarization component of odd-point light are respectively converted into linearly polarized light in the x direction and the y direction by using another quarter-wave plate 5 with the optical axis forming an included angle of 45 degrees with the x axis, the linearly polarized components in the x direction and the y direction are separated by using a Polarization Beam Splitter (PBS)6, one part of the decomposed light beams are subjected to Fourier transformation through a cylindrical lens 7, the other part of the decomposed light beams are reflected by a reflecting mirror 8 and then subjected to Fourier transformation through a cylindrical lens 9, then a CCD detector 10 and a CCD detector 11 are respectively placed at the focal positions of the cylindrical lens 7 and the cylindrical lens 9 for light intensity collection, and finally the light beams are input into a computer 12 for iterative operation.
Example two
Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a diagram of an experimental apparatus of the system of the present invention, which is exemplified by a cylindrical vector light. The experimental setup in this example consists of 11 parts, where 1 is the light source, 2 is the glan mirror with its optical axis oriented in the X-axis, 3 is the Quarter Wave Plate (QWP) at 45 ° to the X-axis, 4 is the super surface, 5 is the polarizing beam splitter, 6 and 8 are the cylindrical lenses, 7 is the mirror, 9 and 10 are the CCD detectors, and 11 is the computer. In the present embodiment, the gaussian light generated by the light source 1 passes through the glans prism 2 with the optical axis direction being the x axis, and then becomes linearly polarized light polarized in the x direction, and then passes through the super surface 4, and then the cylindrical vector light is generated. In this embodiment, a quarter-wave plate with an optical axis at a 45 ° angle to the x-axis is reduced compared to the first embodiment. For cylindrical vector light, the embodiment decomposes the cylindrical vector light into two beams of left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized vortex optical rotations with opposite topological charge numbers, and the specific principle is as follows:
wherein erAnd
the cylindrical vector light is formed by combining left-handed vortex light and right-handed vortex light with topological charge numbers which are opposite to each other. In this embodiment, an iterative algorithm is used to calculate the phases of the vortex optical rotations in the two polarization directions, and then the vortex phases in the two known polarization states are superimposed to obtain the polarization distribution of the column vector light.
EXAMPLE III
Referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a diagram of an experimental apparatus of the system of the present invention, which is exemplified by column vector vortex rotation. The experimental apparatus of this embodiment is composed of 14 parts, where 1 is a light source, 2 is a glan mirror with an optical axis direction on an X axis, 3 is a first quarter-wave plate forming an angle of 45 ° with the X axis, 4 is a first super surface, 5 is a second quarter-wave plate forming an angle of 45 ° with the X axis, 6 is a second super surface, 7 is a third quarter-wave plate forming an angle of 45 ° with the X axis, 8 is a polarization beam splitter, 9 and 11 are cylindrical lenses, 10 is a mirror, 12 and 13 are CCD detectors, and 14 is a computer. In this embodiment, the gaussian light generated by the light source 1 is converted into linearly polarized light in the x direction after passing through the glan prism 2 in the x axis direction, then converted into left circularly polarized gaussian light after passing through the first quarter wave plate 3 in which the optical axis and the x axis form an angle of 45 degrees, converted into right circularly polarized vortex light after passing through the first super surface 4, converted into linearly polarized vortex optical rotation in the y direction after passing through the second quarter wave plate 5 in which the optical axis and the x axis form an angle of-45 degrees, converted into cylindrical vector vortex optical rotation after passing through the second super surface 6, and then respectively solved the phases of the vortex optical rotations of two circularly polarized components in the cylindrical vector vortex optical rotation through a series of devices 7-14, and the phases and polarization distribution information of the cylindrical vector vortex optical rotation can be obtained by overlapping the vortex optical rotations of two known polarization states and the vortex optical rotations of the phases. In this embodiment, it is proved by the jones matrix that the column vector vortex optical rotation can be formed by superposing two beams of left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized vortex optical rotations with different topological charge numbers:
from the above calculation formula, the column vector vortex optical rotation can be formed by combining the left-handed vortex light and the right-handed vortex light with the topological charge numbers of l + m and l-m respectively, wherein m is the polarization order of the column vector vortex optical rotation, and l is the topological charge number of the column vector vortex optical rotation.
It can be seen that, in this embodiment, the accurate phase distribution of the eddy rotation can be obtained as shown in the first embodiment, and as shown in the second and third embodiments, the phase and polarization structure of the cylindrical vector light and the cylindrical vector eddy rotation can be obtained by superposing the two eddy components by using the characteristic that the cylindrical vector light and the cylindrical vector eddy light can be decomposed into circular polarized eddy rotation with different topological charge numbers and different directions of rotation.
Based on the above embodiment, the present invention further provides a phase and polarization detection method for odd point light based on GS iterative algorithm, as shown in fig. 6. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
s100, generating odd point light with different topological charge numbers and different polarization orders by using an odd point light generating device;
s200, separating a left-handed circular polarization component and a right-handed circular polarization component in the odd point light to obtain two vortex light beams with different topological charge numbers;
s300, collecting light intensity information of a focus position of the separated vortex light beam after Fourier transformation of the vortex light beam through a cylindrical lens;
and S400, respectively reducing the phases of the two vortex light beams, and superposing the two vortex light beams with different polarization components to obtain the phase and polarization distribution of the odd point light.
In the embodiment, the phase and polarization of any singularity light beam are detected based on a GS iterative algorithm, the characteristic that amplitude information and phase information of the light beam can be exchanged when the light beam is transformed in a time domain and a frequency domain is successfully utilized, multiple iterative constraints are performed on incident light by utilizing the light intensity of collected vortex light after Fourier transform, and finally the accurate phase distribution of the singularity light is obtained. Compared with the traditional detection method, the method provided by the invention can be used for more accurately obtaining the phase and polarization distribution condition of the odd point light, and is simpler in system, short in time consumption and convenient and fast to operate.
In summary, the present invention provides a system and a method for detecting phase and polarization of odd-point light based on GS iterative algorithm, the system includes: the odd point light generation module is used for generating odd point light with different topological charge numbers and different polarization orders; the polarization separation module is used for separating the left-handed circular polarization component and the right-handed circular polarization component in the odd point light to obtain two vortex light beams with different topological charge numbers; the light intensity acquisition module is used for acquiring light intensity information of the focus position of the separated vortex light beam after Fourier transform through the cylindrical lens; and the data processing module is used for respectively reducing the phases of the two vortex light beams and superposing the two vortex light beams with different polarization components to obtain the phase and polarization distribution of the odd point light. Compared with the traditional detection method, the method provided by the invention can be used for more accurately obtaining the phase and polarization distribution condition of the odd point light, and is simpler in system, short in time consumption and convenient and fast to operate.
It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the examples described above, but that modifications and variations may be effected thereto by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the foregoing description, and that all such modifications and variations are intended to be within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A GS iterative algorithm-based system for phase and polarization detection of odd-point light, the system comprising:
the odd point light generating module is used for generating odd point light with different topological charge numbers and different polarization orders;
the polarization separation module is used for separating a left-handed circular polarization component and a right-handed circular polarization component in the odd-point light to obtain two vortex light beams with different topological charge numbers;
the light intensity acquisition module is used for acquiring light intensity information of the focus position of the separated vortex light beams after Fourier transform is carried out on the vortex light beams through the cylindrical lens;
the data processing module is used for respectively restoring the phases of the two vortex light beams based on a GS iterative algorithm and superposing the two vortex light beams with different polarization components to obtain the phase and polarization distribution of the odd point light;
the singular point light generating module, the polarization separation module, the light intensity collecting module and the data processing module are connected in sequence.
2. The GS iterative algorithm-based phase and polarization detection system for odd-point light according to claim 1, wherein the odd-point light generation module comprises: a light source for generating a gaussian beam;
the polarizer is connected with the light source and used for changing the polarization direction of incident light;
and the odd point light generating device is connected with the polarizer and is used for changing the phase and the polarization structure of incident light and generating odd point light without topological charge number and different polarization orders.
3. The GS iterative algorithm-based phase and polarization detection system for odd-point light according to claim 2, wherein the polarization separation module comprises: and the polarization splitter is connected with the singularity light generating device and used for realizing polarization separation.
4. The GS iterative algorithm-based phase and polarization detection system for singularity light, according to claim 3, wherein the light intensity collection module comprises: the Fourier transform unit is connected with the polarization decomposer and used for realizing Fourier transform; and the light intensity shooting device is connected with the Fourier transform unit and is used for collecting the light intensity patterns of the separated vortex light beams.
5. The GS iterative algorithm-based phase and polarization detection system for singularity light according to claim 2, wherein the light source is a He-Ne laser with a wavelength of 632.5nm, the polarizer is a Glan prism, and the singularity light generating device comprises a quarter wave plate and a Q-plate.
6. The GS iterative algorithm-based phase and polarization detection system for singularity light, according to claim 5, wherein the singularity light generating device further comprises a vortex super surface or a spatial light modulator.
7. The GS iterative algorithm-based phase and polarization detection system for odd-point light according to claim 3, wherein the polarization splitter comprises a quarter wave plate and a polarization beam splitter.
8. The GS iterative algorithm-based phase and polarization detection system for odd-point light according to claim 7, wherein the polarization splitter further comprises a quarter wave plate and an analyzer.
9. The GS iterative algorithm-based phase and polarization detection system for odd-point light according to claim 4, wherein the Fourier transform unit is a cylindrical lens with a focal length of 10 cm; the light intensity collecting device is a CCD detector.
10. A detection method of the GS iterative algorithm-based odd-point light phase and polarization detection system based on any one of the preceding claims 1-9, wherein the method comprises:
generating odd point light with different topological charge numbers and different polarization orders by using an odd point light generating device;
separating a left-handed circular polarization component and a right-handed circular polarization component in the odd point light to obtain two vortex light beams with different topological charge numbers;
collecting light intensity information of focus positions of the separated vortex light beams after Fourier transformation of the vortex light beams through the cylindrical lenses respectively;
and respectively restoring the phases of the two vortex light beams based on a GS iterative algorithm, and superposing the two vortex light beams with different polarization components to obtain the phase and polarization distribution of the odd point light.
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