CN109489768B - System and method for monitoring bubble boundary line position on surface of glass melt and glass kiln - Google Patents

System and method for monitoring bubble boundary line position on surface of glass melt and glass kiln Download PDF

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CN109489768B
CN109489768B CN201811434686.XA CN201811434686A CN109489768B CN 109489768 B CN109489768 B CN 109489768B CN 201811434686 A CN201811434686 A CN 201811434686A CN 109489768 B CN109489768 B CN 109489768B
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glass
foam
temperature
boundary line
signal
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CN109489768A (en
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阎韬
瑞米·奇亚瓦
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
    • C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
    • C03B5/24—Automatically regulating the melting process
    • C03B5/245—Regulating the melt or batch level, depth or thickness

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a system and a method for monitoring bubble boundary line positions on the surface of a glass melt and a glass kiln. The system comprises: a foam monitoring device disposed within the glass furnace, the foam monitoring device configured to monitor foam-related information at a predetermined monitoring point on a surface of the glass melt; and a control device in communication connection with the foam monitoring device, the control device being configured to determine whether foam is present at the predetermined monitoring point and to output a corresponding control signal based on foam-related information from the foam monitoring device. The invention can monitor the glass liquid level at different positions in the kiln in real time and in a grading way through the foam monitoring device, can timely and accurately alarm when the bubble boundary line exceeds the target bubble boundary line or approaches the hot point of the kiln, and can regulate and control the operating parameters of the kiln through the adjusting device, reduce the foam and control the position of the bubble boundary line; the device is particularly suitable for real-time monitoring and early warning of the bubble boundary position or the position of a large piece of foam on the liquid surface of the glass melt in the glass kiln.

Description

System and method for monitoring bubble boundary line position on surface of glass melt and glass kiln
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a system and method for monitoring/monitoring the position of a bubble boundary line on the surface or level of a glass melt within a glass furnace, and in particular to a real-time monitoring system and monitoring method for monitoring the position of a bubble boundary line or the position of a large piece of foam on the level of a glass melt within a glass furnace.
Background
In the glass production process, the raw materials such as silica sand, sulfate, carbonate and the like can release SO in the high-temperature decomposition and melting processes2、H2O、CO2When a large amount of gas and some gas are carried naturally by the batch or introduced into the molten glass by a combustion heat sourceIs made of glass. Most of the gas escapes already in the initial molten phase, but some is entrained in the melt to form dispersed gas inclusions, so-called bubbles or soot. Sufficient time is allowed during the melting operation, so-called "fining" or "refining" phase, so that these gas inclusions rise to the surface and escape from the melt. After rising to the surface of the molten glass, a large number of bubbles are stagnated on the surface of the molten glass, and the appearance of the glass is represented as a foam layer. The foam layer of the common glass kiln covers about one third of the area of the melting area of the glass kiln, and the thickness of the foam layer is about 10mm-100 mm.
The presence of the foam may prevent heat transfer from the heat source of the glass melting furnace to the starting raw materials and/or molten material present beneath the foam. In conventional systems, the heat source must therefore typically provide additional heat to compensate for the insulating effect of the foam. The presence of foam increases the operating costs of the glass furnace and affects the yield of glass products. In a flame heated glass furnace, the foam reflects a large amount of heat, which is wasted as well as accelerating refractory erosion of the furnace, affecting the service life of the furnace and/or increasing the production of certain exhaust gases (e.g., NOx gases and toxic metal oxide gases). When certain conditions, such as changes in raw material particle size moisture or furnace temperature schedules, are used to produce glass products from glass melts on a large scale and at high throughput, the foam layer on the glass melt can become very thick, can drag very long, and can be a significant manufacturing hazard. Whether oxygen burners or air burners are used, it is desirable to suppress or eliminate the foam layer on the glass melt.
In view of the above, reducing the foam in the glass melting furnace can improve the efficiency of energy utilization. It is estimated that the cumulative effect of removing about half of the foam in a U.S. combustion heated glass furnace may result in energy savings of up to 12 to 14 trillion BTUs per year. The initial oxy-glass kilns had no relatively efficient means for degassing the bubbles, primarily by the buoyancy of the glass bubbles acting on the glass surface, which naturally removed. During the product formation process, most of the foam breaks and escapes by breaking through the surface tension at the surface of the molten glass, but a small amount of foam still exists, and open bubbles and elongated bubble defects are formed along with the production flow due to the failure of breaking through the glass tension. Therefore, the quality of the entire glass is inferior, and high quality glass is difficult to form at all times.
They are typically broken by the addition of an anti-foaming agent, which is currently most commonly an alkali metal compound or a compound containing a metal such as titanium or aluminium or cerium, to cause the surface of the foam to polymerize and/or to break the surface tension of the foamed film. Or a bubbler is arranged to accelerate the clarification and the homogenization of the molten glass through gas stirring, and divide the melting area into two separate circulating areas to form two circulation areas flowing in opposite directions, wherein the former circulation area has the function of blocking the backflow of the molten glass, the latter circulation area forces the batch to stay in the melting area for a longer time to be fully melted, and the bubbler is generally arranged at the downstream of the bubble boundary line to help stabilize or control the foam position, so that the melting quality of the glass is improved.
In a glass furnace, glass raw materials are continuously fed from a raw material inlet at the upstream end, burners are provided on both sides of the glass furnace, and the burners are generally air burners or oxygen burners using gas fuel such as natural gas or fossil solid fuel as fuel. The glass raw materials are melted by flame sprayed by a burner, and after the raw materials are melted, the formed glass melt is fully clarified and then taken out from the downstream end to form a glass product with a specific shape. Wherein the air burner takes air as a combustion oxygen source, and the oxygen burner takes oxygen-enriched air or pure oxygen as the combustion oxygen source.
Fig. 1 is a schematic top view of a glass furnace, and fig. 1a is a bubble boundary line in a normal state, wherein 1 is the glass furnace, 2 is a feeding end, 3 is a material mountain line, 4 is a target bubble boundary line (in an ideal state, an actual-measured bubble boundary line 7 is consistent with the target bubble boundary line), 5 is a foam area, 6 is a bubbler, 8 is a hot spot, and 9 is a mirror area.
The raw glass material is fed from the feeding end 2, and during the feeding process, the flame sprayed from the burner heats the surface of the raw material layer to melt gradually, the raw material layer is melted while advancing, the unmelted raw glass material gradually decreases along the advancing direction of the raw material inlet to the central part of the furnace, and then disappears at the position where the feeding amount is equal to the melting rate, and the boundary line of the disappearance of the raw material is generally called as a mountain line, see 3 in fig. 1 a.
Around the area where the raw material layer disappears, foam is formed due to the reaction of the raw materials, and the formed foam region extends from the area where the raw material layer disappears to the area where the temperature of the glass liquid in the furnace is the highest (hot spot, see 8 in fig. 1 a), and covers the surface of the glass melt. Due to the temperature difference between the hot spot and the feeding end, the surface layer glass liquid at the hot spot flows back towards the direction of the feeding end, and the two forces act together, so that the bubbles gradually disappear to become the mirror surface of the glass liquid before the hot spot, and an obvious limit, namely a bubble boundary line, is formed, and is shown in 4 of 1a in figure 1. Downstream of the bubble boundary line, a bubbler 6 is provided. In a glass kiln, the hot spot is observed by naked eyes at a position which is about 1 to 3 meters away from the bubble boundary in the mirror surface area outside the bubble boundary, and the shapes of the bubble boundary of different types of kilns are different. The bubble region on the surface of the glass melt generally refers to a region from the upstream side of the gob line to the downstream side of the bubble boundary line. Under some operating conditions, the foam zone may move and spread downstream as the foam increases.
Under the normal operation condition of the glass kiln, the thrust force of the charging machine to the inside of the kiln, the traction force of the material discharging flow and the acting force of a hot point formed by the convection of the glass melt due to the temperature difference to the direction of the charging end can achieve a dynamic balance. This balance makes the location of the mountain line and bubble boundary line relatively fixed. When designing a glass furnace, the positions of a target material mountain line and a target bubble boundary line (see 4 of 1a in fig. 1) are calculated according to material characteristics and furnace parameters. The bubble boundary line stability is one of the most critical factors in the glass melting process, and the fluctuation of the material mountain line and the bubble boundary line becomes a key factor influencing the stability of the whole melting process. An important requirement of the glass melting process is that the bubble boundary is stable and cannot exceed the hot spot, otherwise the glass quality is severely deteriorated. The more stable and clear the bubble boundary, the better the glass quality, the wider the process band, and the more fluctuation it can withstand, but at the same time the more control measures or energy consumption is required. There are bubble boundaries at different locations on the glass melt surface, see fig. 1, where 1a is the bubble boundary in the normal state (i.e., target bubble boundary 4), 1b is the bubble boundary expanding downstream 7, 1c is the bubble boundary expanding heavily downstream, 1d is the extreme case of foam covering the melt pool surface throughout the glass furnace, and 1e is the bubble boundary retreating upstream.
In summary, in a glass furnace, bubble boundary line stabilization is the root of glass melting control, and the fluctuation of the material mountain line and the bubble boundary line becomes a key factor influencing the stability of the whole melting process. The ideal situation in the glass melting process is to control the bubble boundaries to be stable and not to exceed hot spots, otherwise the quality of the glass will deteriorate significantly. The more stable and clear the bubble boundary, the better the glass quality, the wider the process band, and the more robust it can withstand large fluctuations, but at the same time the more control measures or energy consumption are required.
Known from chinese utility model patent CN204369749U, a bubble removing device for oxy-fuel glass kiln, includes: the device comprises a liquid pumping device, a pressurizing tank, a compressed air supply pipeline and a spray gun; the liquid pumping device is connected with the pressurizing tank through a pipeline, and the pressurizing tank is connected with the spray gun through a pipeline; the compressed air supply pipeline is provided with two paths, one path is connected with the pressurizing tank, and the other path is connected with the spray gun. The atomized defoaming combustion liquid can be conveyed to the kiln for combustion, so that the air pressure of the kiln is changed, the stress on the surface of the glass liquid is damaged, the foam on the surface of the glass liquid is automatically broken, the purpose of removing a foam layer on the surface of the glass is achieved, and the quality of the glass is greatly improved.
Chinese patent application CN101437764B provides a method for efficiently removing bubbles remaining on the surface of molten glass, a bubble removing device, and a method for manufacturing glass using the bubble removing method, in which at least 1 laser beam is irradiated to floating bubbles on the surface of molten glass at a predetermined angle, thereby solving the problem that bubbles remaining on the surface of molten glass during the manufacturing of glass substrates are taken into the inside during the molding and become internal bubbles, providing glass substrates with good quality, and improving the productivity of glass substrates.
U.S. patent application No. 6795484B1 discloses a method for reducing or removing foam present in a glass furnace that includes providing ultrasonic energy from at least one ultrasonic energy source to the foam above the surface of molten material in the glass furnace, the ultrasonic energy being effective to reduce or remove at least a portion of the foam.
Chinese patent CN1007059B discloses a foam control method for vacuum refining glass frit, which is a method for applying foam breaking substances to foam to accelerate the breaking of the foam in the process of vacuum refining molten glass or the like. The foam breaking substances include water, alkali metal compounds such as sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate and solutions of these compounds. Chinese patent CN1177771C discloses a method for melting glass, which comprises feeding raw materials for melting glass into a glass melting furnace to obtain a glass melt, and supplying at least one metal compound selected from aluminum, titanium, silicon, zinc, magnesium, iron, chromium, cobalt, cerium or calcium to a foam layer formed on the glass melt to reduce or eliminate the foam layer.
Chinese patent application CN100337949C proposes a method for melting and refining vitrifiable substances, in which all or part of the heat energy required for melting the vitrifiable substances is provided by combustion of one or more fossil fuels with at least one combustion promoter gas, and the said fuel/gas or gaseous products from the combustion are injected below the level of the mass of vitrifiable substances, so that the vitrifiable substances after melting are at least partially refined in lamellar layers.
Although there are several methods for reducing or eliminating foam in glass kilns currently on the market, there is no effective method for accurately monitoring the position of the foam layer, and in particular the bubble boundary. For monitoring the bubble boundary line, an observation hole is mainly arranged on the side breast wall of the molten pool and is observed by means of naked eyes.
Disclosure of Invention
The object of the invention consists in achieving the monitoring of the position of the bubble in the glass furnace, in particular the position of the bubble boundary line and/or the position of the piece of foam on the surface of the glass melt, in order to signal in time when the bubble boundary line extends beyond the alarm line, in particular beyond the hot spot of the furnace, in order to adjust the combustion conditions, controlling the movement of the bubble boundary line. The invention designs a monitoring device and a monitoring method for a foam position on the surface of a glass melt, and particularly relates to a real-time and grading monitoring device and a monitoring method for monitoring the foam position on the liquid level of the glass melt in a glass kiln, in particular to the foam position.
In practice, glass melt melted in a glass furnace is not "flush and" forward flowing "and is influenced by the distribution of liquid flow within the glass bath, typically the viscosity of the glass melt near the wall of the bath is high, the flow is slow, the viscosity of the middle zone is low and the flow is fast. The mountain line and the boundary line of the target bubble described in the present invention are not straight lines but curved lines in many cases. Occasionally, discrete pieces of foam are formed on the surface of the glass melt without very distinct bubble boundaries. The foam location as referred to herein generally refers to the location of the bubble boundary and, in extreme cases, may also refer to the most downstream leading position of the discrete pieces of foam.
The flow direction of the molten glass is the direction from one end of the glass furnace as a raw material inlet (upstream) to the other end as an outlet (downstream) of the formed product.
In the invention, the material mountain line and the bubble boundary line in the ideal state of the kiln are called a target material mountain line and a target bubble boundary line.
The present invention relates to a system for monitoring the location of a bubble boundary line on the surface of a glass melt comprising: a foam monitoring device disposed within the glass furnace, the foam monitoring device configured to monitor foam-related information at a predetermined monitoring point on a surface of the glass melt; and a control device in communication connection with the foam monitoring device, the control device being configured to determine whether foam is present at the predetermined monitoring point and to output a corresponding control signal based on foam-related information from the foam monitoring device.
In some aspects, the bubble monitoring device comprises at least one pair of a laser light source and a photoelectric element arranged above the surface of the glass melt, the laser light source is configured to emit light to the predetermined monitoring point on the surface of the glass melt, the photoelectric element is configured such that it can receive the reflected light of the light on the surface of the glass melt and generate a corresponding electrical signal only in the absence of bubbles at the predetermined monitoring point, the bubble-related information comprises the presence or absence of the electrical signal, and the control device is in communication with the photoelectric element and configured to determine that bubbles are present at the predetermined monitoring point and generate a first control signal for the corresponding monitoring point when the electrical signal emitted by the photoelectric element is not received.
In other aspects, the foam monitoring apparatus includes a high-temperature-resistant imaging device that images the predetermined monitoring point on the surface of the glass melt and transmits the captured image to the control apparatus as the foam-related information, and the control apparatus is configured to analyze the received image to determine whether or not foam is present at the predetermined monitoring point, and to generate a first control signal corresponding to the monitoring point when it is determined that foam is present at the predetermined monitoring point.
In some aspects, the system further comprises an alarm device and/or an adjustment device communicatively coupled to the control device, the alarm device configured to issue an alarm upon receiving the first control signal from the control device, the adjustment device configured to adjust an operating parameter of the glass furnace to adjust a bubble boundary line location on a surface of the glass melt upon receiving the first control signal from the control device.
According to some aspects of the invention, the predetermined monitoring points are disposed within a foam area and/or a mirror area of the glass melt surface, in particular at one or more of the following locations: a first position downstream from the target bubble boundary line in the direction of flow of the glass melt, the first position preferably being in the range of 0-50cm from the target bubble boundary line, more preferably in the range of 30-50cm from the target bubble boundary line; a third position upstream of the hot spot of the glass furnace in the flow direction of the glass melt, the third position preferably being in the range of 1-50cm from the hot spot of the glass furnace, more preferably in the range of 30-50cm from the hot spot of the glass furnace; and a second position located between said first and third positions, the second position preferably being intermediate between said first and third positions.
In still other aspects, the system further comprises: the device comprises a first temperature sensor arranged on the arch top of the glass kiln above a glass melt foam zone to detect temperature change of the arch top, and a second temperature sensor arranged on the pool bottom of the glass kiln below the glass melt foam zone to detect temperature change of the pool bottom, wherein the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor are in communication connection with the control device to send corresponding temperature signals to the control device, and the control device generates second control signals when the foam is judged to exist at the preset monitoring point and the temperature signals of the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor are respectively in a preset range.
In some aspects including the temperature sensor described above, the system further includes an alarm device and/or an adjustment device communicatively coupled to the control device, the alarm device configured to issue an alarm upon receiving the second control signal from the control device, the adjustment device configured to adjust an operating parameter of the glass furnace to adjust a bubble boundary line position on the glass melt surface upon receiving the second control signal from the control device.
In some aspects, the control device outputs a first indication signal as the primary second control signal in the event that the temperature signal of the first temperature sensor indicates an increase in the roof temperature relative to the roof set temperature above a first threshold and the temperature signal of the second temperature sensor indicates a decrease in the pool bottom temperature relative to the pool bottom set temperature not exceeding a second threshold. To indicate that the position of the bubble boundary line on the surface of the glass melt extends to a region 0-50cm downstream from the target bubble boundary line. Preferably, the first threshold value is greater than or equal to 5 ℃ and the second threshold value is greater than or equal to 2 ℃.
In some aspects, the control device outputs a second indication signal as a secondary second control signal to indicate that a bubble boundary position on the glass melt surface extends downstream of the target bubble boundary, about the target bubble boundary and about a midpoint position of the hot spot, in the event that the ceiling temperature represented by the temperature signal of the first temperature sensor increases relative to the ceiling set temperature by more than a third threshold value greater than the first threshold value and the pool bottom temperature represented by the temperature signal of the second temperature sensor decreases relative to the pool bottom set temperature by more than a fourth threshold value greater than the second threshold value. Preferably, the third threshold is greater than or equal to 10 ℃ and the fourth threshold is greater than or equal to 5 ℃.
In some aspects, in the event that the ceiling temperature represented by the temperature signal of the first temperature sensor increases relative to the ceiling set temperature by more than a fifth threshold value greater than the third threshold value and the pool bottom temperature represented by the temperature signal of the second temperature sensor decreases relative to the pool bottom set temperature by more than a sixth threshold value greater than or equal to the fourth threshold value, the control device outputs a third indicator signal as a three-level second control signal to indicate that the bubble boundary position on the glass melt surface extends to an area 0-50cm upstream of the hot spot from the hot spot. Preferably, the fifth threshold is greater than or equal to 15 ℃ and the sixth threshold is greater than or equal to 5 ℃.
In some aspects, the first temperature sensor is disposed at a glass kiln crown above the target bubble boundary line and the second temperature sensor is disposed at a glass kiln pool floor below the target bubble boundary line.
In some aspects, the control device comprises a programmable logic controller or a process control computer.
In some aspects, the operating parameters include one or more of a fuel composition, a flame condition, a feedstock composition, a charge, an amount of a defoamer of the glass kiln.
The present invention also relates to a glass furnace comprising a furnace wall defining a combustion chamber, at least one combustion port, a feed inlet, a discharge outlet, and one or more burners arranged near an edge of the at least one combustion port, the glass furnace further comprising the system of any of the above embodiments.
In some aspects, the glass furnace uses pure oxygen or oxygen-enriched air as a combustion oxygen source.
The invention also relates to a method for monitoring the bubble boundary line position on the surface of the glass melt, which uses any system to monitor the bubble boundary line position, when the control device outputs a first control signal corresponding to a monitoring point at a first position, the alarm device sends a first-level alarm after receiving the first control signal, and the adjusting device makes a first-level adjustment after receiving the first-level alarm; when the control device outputs a first control signal corresponding to a monitoring point at a second position, the alarm device sends out a second-level alarm after receiving the first control signal, and the adjusting device makes a second-level adjustment after receiving the second control signal; when the control device outputs a first control signal corresponding to the monitoring point at the third position, the alarm device sends out a third-level alarm after receiving the first control signal, and the adjusting device makes a third-level adjustment after receiving the third-level alarm. The method in the embodiment gives alarm signals in a grading mode along with the extension of foam by monitoring the glass liquid level near the target bubble boundary line and the hot spot so as to guide the adjustment of the kiln parameters.
The first position is preferably in a range of 0-50cm from the target bubble boundary line downstream of the target bubble boundary line, more preferably in a range of 30-50cm from the target bubble boundary line, when the control device outputs a first control signal corresponding to a monitoring point at the first position, the alarm device sends out a first-level alarm after receiving the first control signal, the adjusting device makes a first-level adjustment after receiving the first-level alarm, and the foam position just extends beyond the target bubble boundary line at the moment, so that the adjustment can be carried out according to the operation parameters of the kiln, and the foam boundary line is controlled to further extend downstream;
said third position is preferably in the range of 1-50cm upstream from the hot spot of the glass furnace, more preferably in the range of 30-50cm from the hot spot of the glass furnace; when the control device outputs a first control signal corresponding to a monitoring point at a third position, the alarm device sends out a third-level alarm after receiving the first control signal, the adjusting device makes a third-level adjustment after receiving the third-level alarm, and the foam position moves downstream to approach a hot point of the kiln, so that the foam position needs to be adjusted rapidly according to the operating parameters of the kiln, otherwise, the quality of glass produced by the kiln is seriously influenced;
the second position is at any position intermediate the first and third positions, preferably at a position midway between the first and third positions. When the control device outputs a first control signal corresponding to the monitoring point at the second position, the alarm device sends out a second-level alarm after receiving the first control signal, the adjusting device makes a second-level adjustment after receiving the second control signal, and at the moment, the foam position exceeds the boundary position of the target foam, the foam position continues to move to a downstream kiln hot spot, and needs to be adjusted in time according to kiln operation parameters, and the foam position is controlled not to be close to the kiln hot spot.
In the above method, the first level alarm, the second level alarm and the third level alarm may be increased in alarm level by level, for example, three warning sounds with frequency increased in level by level and/or with urgency level increased in level by level, and/or three warning lights emitting blue, yellow and red lights respectively to indicate that the alarm level is increased in level by level, or alarms using visual numerical values that are sequentially increased. Accordingly, the degree of regulation involved in the first, second and third stages of regulation is also increased in stages so as to be able to suppress the bubble boundary line from moving downstream with increasing degree and more rapidly. For example, the first stage of conditioning may include having the fuel feed control device add solid fuel, adjust the gas/solid fuel heating value ratio from 100:0 to 80:20 to suppress foam diffusion; the second-stage regulation can comprise further regulating the heating value ratio of the gas/solid fuel from 80:20 to 50:50, and increasing the heating value ratio of the solid fuel to about 50% so as to quickly prevent the foam layer from diffusing; the third level of adjustment may include further increasing the proportion of the solid fuel in the total fuel heating value, adjusting the gas/solid fuel heating value ratio from 50:50 to 20:80, and increasing the solid fuel heating value ratio to about 80% to control the movement of the bubble boundary line.
The invention makes up the blank in the prior art, and provides a system and a method for monitoring the bubble boundary line position on the glass melt surface in a glass kiln, which are simple and convenient to operate and are digital, in particular, a foam monitoring device is used for carrying out real-time and graded monitoring on the glass liquid level at different positions in the kiln, and an alarm is given timely and accurately when the bubble boundary line exceeds the target bubble boundary line or approaches a hot point of the kiln, so that the operating parameters of the kiln can be regulated and controlled subsequently through a P L C or a computer system, the foam is reduced, and the bubble boundary line position is controlled.
The invention is further illustrated in the following figures and detailed description. However, these drawings and specific embodiments should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, and modifications readily ascertainable by those skilled in the art would be included within the spirit of the invention and the scope of the appended claims.
Drawings
The invention, together with its objects, advantages, features and related aspects, will be best understood from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The figures are generally schematic and are not drawn to scale for the sake of clarity. All figures share the same reference numerals for the same or corresponding features.
FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of a glass furnace in different states, viewed in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the glass melt, wherein 1a is the bubble boundary line in the normal state, 1b is the bubble boundary line which expands downstream, 1c is the bubble boundary line which expands heavily downstream, 1d is the extreme case where the foam covers the melt pool surface of the entire glass furnace, and 1e is the bubble boundary line which recedes upstream.
Fig. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of a glass furnace including a monitoring system according to one embodiment of the present invention, wherein the monitoring system includes a foam monitoring device in the form of a photosensor for monitoring the foam location of the glass melt level within the glass furnace.
Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the reflection of the photosensor of fig. 2 on a glass/foam surface.
Fig. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of a glass furnace comprising a monitoring system according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, wherein the monitoring system comprises a foam monitoring device in the form of a camera device.
FIG. 5 shows a top view of a glass melt level in a glass furnace including a monitoring system according to yet another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, wherein the monitoring system includes three photosensors.
1-glass furnace, 2-charging end, 3-material mountain line, 4-target bubble boundary line, 5-foam area, 6-bubbler, 7-bubble boundary line, 8-hot spot, 9-mirror area, 12 furnace arch top, 13-furnace pool bottom, 14-furnace side wall, 15-glass melt surface, 16-flame, 17-laser light source of optical sensor, 18-photoelectric element of optical sensor, 19-data collector, 20-temperature sensor, 21-temperature sensor, 22-data collector, 23-data collector, 24-burner, 25-programmable logic control system P L C, 26-fuel feeding control device, 27-high temperature resistant camera equipment and 28-data collector.
Detailed Description
Unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein have the meanings commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs, and when partial definitions of the following terms are used, terms used in the singular may also include the plural, and vice versa. Some of the definitions of terms set forth herein are for purposes of describing particular embodiments only and are not intended to be limiting.
Fig. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of a glass furnace including a monitoring system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, wherein the monitoring includes a foam monitoring device in the form of a photosensor for monitoring the foam location of the glass melt level within the glass furnace. Wherein 1 is a glass kiln, a burner 24 and a foam monitoring device are arranged in a side wall 14 of the glass kiln, wherein the foam monitoring device is a photoelectric sensor, and the photoelectric sensor comprises a laser light source 17 arranged on the side wall of one side of the kiln and a photoelectric element 18 oppositely arranged on the side wall of the other side of the kiln. The laser light source 17 is positioned on the surface of the glass melt and emits laser light to a predetermined monitoring point on the surface of the glass melt, the photoelectric element 18 receives the reflected light of the laser light reflected on the surface 15 of the glass melt and converts the light signal into an electric signal to be output to the data collector 19 in communication connection with the photoelectric element, the data collector 19 outputs the electric signal to the programmable logic control system 25 in communication connection with the data collector, and the programmable logic control system 25 judges whether the laser light has foam at the predetermined monitoring point position of the mirror surface area or the foam area on the surface of the glass melt according to the electric signal.
Fig. 3 shows a schematic of the reflection of the photosensor on the glass/foam surface in the embodiment described with reference to fig. 2, where 3a is the reflection of the laser light on the glass melt surface without foam on the surface and 3b is the reflection of the laser light on the foam on the glass melt surface. It can be seen that when there is foam on the surface of the glass melt, the laser light will be reflected on the foam, the angle of the reflected light is different from the angle of the reflected light reflected on the surface of the glass melt, the angle of the reflected light changes, the photoelectric element cannot receive the optical signal of the reflected light, and therefore cannot generate a corresponding electrical signal, and at this time, the programmable logic control system 25 determines that there is foam at the predetermined monitoring point and generates a first control signal corresponding to the monitoring point when it does not receive the electrical signal of the photoelectric element. The programmable logic control system 25 sends a first control signal to the fuel feed control device 26, and the fuel feed control device 26 adjusts the fuel feed ratio or feed rate of the glass furnace to regulate the bubble boundary line position on the glass melt surface upon receiving the first control signal. Optionally, an alarm device (not shown in fig. 2) is provided, which is in communication with the control device and which emits an alarm upon receipt of the first control signal.
FIG. 5 shows a top view of a glass melt level in a glass furnace including a monitoring system according to yet another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, wherein the monitoring device includes three photosensors. As shown in FIG. 5, three photosensors are provided at intervals in the glass-liquid flow direction, wherein the irradiation point of the laser light from the first photosensor 17-1 on the glass melt surface is located upstream of the irradiation point of the laser light from the third photosensor 17-3 on the glass melt surface, and the irradiation point of the laser light from the second photosensor 17-2 on the glass melt surface is located between the irradiation points of the laser light from the first and third photosensors on the glass melt surface. The laser source of the first photoelectric sensor is positioned at the downstream of a target bubble boundary line at the irradiation point of the surface of the glass melt and is in a region with the distance of 0-50cm from the target bubble boundary line along the flowing direction of the glass liquid; the laser source of the third photoelectric sensor is positioned in the area, which is located at the upstream of the hot spot of the glass furnace and is within 1-50cm from the hot spot in the flowing direction of the glass liquid, of the irradiation point on the surface of the glass melt; the irradiation point of the laser source of the second photoelectric sensor on the surface of the glass melt is at the midpoint position of the irradiation points of the laser sources of the first and third photoelectric sensors on the surface of the glass melt. The laser light sources of the three photoelectric sensors are arranged on the axial line of the glass furnace at the radial direction of the furnace at the irradiation points on the surface of the glass melt.
In fig. 2, it can also be seen that a first temperature sensor 20 and a second temperature sensor 21 are respectively arranged on the arch crown 12 of the glass kiln above the foam zone of the glass melt and on the pool bottom 13 of the glass kiln below the foam zone, and are respectively used for detecting the temperature of molten glass at the upper space and the pool bottom of the glass kiln and converting the temperature signals into electric signals to be output to data collectors 22 and 23, the data collectors output the electric signals to a programmable logic control system 25 in communication connection with the data collectors, and the programmable logic control system 25 generates a second control signal when the programmable logic control system 25 judges that foam exists at a preset monitoring point and the temperature signals of the first and second temperature sensors are respectively in respective preset ranges, and sends the second control signal to a fuel feeding control device 26 and/or an alarm device not shown.
After the temperature set values of all the areas of the glass tank furnace are determined, the glass tank furnace has a normal fluctuation range, and belongs to a normal phenomenon in the range without adjustment. The fluctuation range can be very different for different glass products and different furnaces, for example, the normal fluctuation range of some electronic glass control arches is plus or minus 2 ℃, but the range of some daily glass tank furnaces can be as high as plus or minus 8 ℃ or even more. In general, when the relationship between the set temperature value Ts (including the furnace top set temperature, the pool bottom set temperature, and the like), the allowable fluctuation range Ta (i.e., the temperature change threshold), and the measured temperature Tp satisfies the following conditions, it is determined that the temperature exceeds the normal fluctuation range: | Tp-Ts | > | Ta |. Different types, different products, different quality requirements and different operating conditions of the glass kiln have larger differences in target temperature set values Ts, allowable fluctuation ranges Ta and the like of all points in the kiln. Wherein the temperature set point Ts refers to the temperature at each point within the glass furnace under ideal operating conditions, i.e. when the actual bubble boundary line is located at the target bubble boundary line (e.g. 1b of fig. 1). The temperature threshold value in the application needs to be calculated according to the working parameters and specific products of the kiln, and the normal fluctuation of the temperature in the kiln needs to be considered.
FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of a glass furnace including a monitoring system according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, wherein 1 is a glass furnace, a burner 24 is provided in a side wall 14 of the glass furnace, the burner generates a flame 16, and a foam monitoring device is installed on the opposite side wall, wherein the foam monitoring device is a high temperature-resistant camera 27 for acquiring image information of a surface of the glass melt and outputting the image information to a data collector 28, the data collector outputs a signal to a P L C programmable logic control system 25 through a network for image information analysis, and determines whether foam is present at the monitored position according to the analysis result, and particularly monitors foam conditions near 1) a target bubble downstream boundary line located at a distance of 0-50cm from the target bubble boundary line in a glass flow direction, 2) an area upstream of a glass furnace hot spot located at a distance of 1-50cm from the hot spot in the glass flow direction, and in FIG. 4, a glass furnace roof 12 above the foam area and a glass furnace floor 13 below the foam area are provided with a first temperature sensor 20 and a second temperature sensor 20, respectively, and a glass furnace floor 13 below the foam sensor 20 is connected to a glass furnace floor control system for detecting temperature of the glass furnace, and a glass melt feeding device, and a glass furnace floor control system for outputting an electrical signal for converting the glass flow control device into a control signal, and a control signal for controlling the glass melt via a temperature sensor 23, and a programmable logic control device, and a programmable furnace control device for outputting a signal for converting the glass melt output by a fuel output by a wireless network, and a programmable logic control device, and.
The following describes in detail the apparatus and method for monitoring the foam position on the surface of the glass melt according to the present invention with reference to the examples.
In one embodiment of the present invention, a 550T/D daily flat glass furnace is used with a typical sulfate-containing soda-lime-silica glass formulation. 11 burners are arranged on two sides of the kiln at intervals, and pure oxygen/natural gas transverse flame combustion is adopted. A row of bubblers is positioned about 1800mm upstream of the hot spot in the kiln, and under the designed target production conditions, the target foam location is about 1800mm upstream of the bubblers, and the target stock line location is about 2500mm upstream of the target foam location.
In order to monitor and control the foam position on the surface of the glass melt, namely the foam position, three photoelectric sensors are arranged, and the foam conditions on the surface of the glass melt near a target bubble boundary line, near a hot spot and at the midpoint of the hot spot and the hot spot are respectively monitored. In the embodiment, laser light is reflected by the glass liquid surface and then emitted to the photoelectric element, and the cylindrical lens in the photoelectric element focuses the light on the optical fiber light-passing tube. Light entering the photocell travels along the light pipe and falls on the photomultiplier tube at the end of the light pipe, where the photomultiplier tube produces an electrical output proportional to the amount of light received. If there is foam on the glass surface at the laser irradiation point, the reflection angle of the laser on the foam surface will change, and the photoelectric element corresponding to the laser source can not receive the reflected light of the original angle, so the instantaneous signal disappears.
The laser light source of the first photoelectric sensor is positioned in a region which is located at the downstream of the boundary line of the target bubble at the irradiation point of the surface of the glass melt and has a distance of 500mm from the boundary line of the target bubble along the flowing direction of the glass liquid. The laser light source of the second photoelectric sensor is positioned at the irradiation point on the surface of the glass melt in the area which is located upstream of the hot spot of the glass kiln and is 500mm away from the hot spot in the flowing direction of the glass liquid. The point of irradiation of the laser source of the third photosensor on the surface of the glass melt is at a midpoint between the points of irradiation of the laser sources of the first and second photosensors on the surface of the glass melt. And a crown thermocouple and a pool bottom thermocouple are respectively arranged on the upper crown and the lower pool bottom of the foam area between the set target material mountain line and the target bubble boundary line and used as temperature sensors to monitor the temperature of the upper space of the foam area and the temperature of the glass metal on the pool bottom.
Under the ideal normal production condition, three foam monitoring devices, namely photoelectric sensors, are arranged for monitoring and controlling different positions of the surface of the glass melt, emitted laser irradiates a mirror surface area of the surface of the glass melt, and because no foam exists in the mirror surface area under the normal production condition, the corresponding photoelectric elements can receive the reflected light of the laser on the surface of the glass melt, output optical signals to a data collector and then transmit the optical signals to a programmable logic control system, and can also directly transmit the optical signals to the programmable logic control system. When the actual bubble boundary line does not reach the position 500mm downstream of the target bubble boundary line, the three photoelectric sensors can output optical signals, the programmable logic control system does not receive first control signals corresponding to the three monitoring points, and the position of the bubble boundary line is automatically detected and judged to be in a normal state. When the bubble boundary line exceeds the position 500mm downstream of the target bubble boundary line, the first photoelectric sensor cannot capture and output a reflected light signal, and the programmable logic control system receives a first control signal corresponding to a monitoring point at a first position and judges that the position of the bubble boundary line is in a first abnormal state. Optionally, when the bubble boundary line extends to the downstream of the target bubble boundary line beyond the first position but does not reach a third position 500mm upstream of the hot spot, the second photosensor at a second position between the first position and the third position cannot capture and output the optical signal of the reflected light, and the programmable logic control system receives the first control signal corresponding to the monitoring point at the second position and automatically detects and judges that the bubble boundary line is at the second abnormal state. When the bubble boundary line extends to the position 500mm upstream of the hot spot towards the downstream of the target bubble boundary line, the third photoelectric sensor cannot capture and output the optical signal of the reflected light, the third photoelectric sensor at the third position cannot capture and output the optical signal of the reflected light, and the programmable logic control system receives the first control signal corresponding to the monitoring point at the third position and automatically detects and judges that the position of the bubble boundary line is in a third abnormal state. In the embodiment, the fuel used by the glass kiln is mainly natural gas, and simultaneously petroleum coke powder is used as a standby auxiliary fuel, when the programmable logic control system receives the first control signal and automatically detects and judges that the glass kiln is in an abnormal state, the programmable logic control system sends out a corresponding alarm signal, and the proportion of the two fuels can be correspondingly adjusted step by step through a fuel feeding control device in communication connection with the programmable logic control system subsequently, so that foams are reduced, and the bubble boundary line is controlled.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, when the bubble boundary line extends downstream to reach an extension distance of 500mm due to changes in the raw material granularity, moisture, and the like, the first photo sensor loses a signal, and the programmable logic control system automatically determines that the bubble boundary line extends to 500mm downstream of the target bubble boundary line. At the moment, the temperature sensor arranged at the arch top of the glass kiln above the foam area detects obvious temperature change, the programmable logic control system sends out a first indication signal, namely the temperature above the foam area rises by more than 5 ℃, and at the moment, the temperature sensor arranged at the pool bottom of the glass kiln does not detect obvious temperature reduction or the temperature reduction is less than 2 ℃. At the moment, on the basis of the original gas/solid fuel ratio, the fuel feeding control device adds the solid fuel, and adjusts the heating value ratio of the gas/solid fuel from 100:00 to 80:20 to inhibit the diffusion of foam, which is the first-stage adjustment; optionally, the warning device may emit a first level warning indicating the position of the bubble boundary at the time, such as a warning sound with a low frequency and/or a low urgency, and/or a blue light with a warning light.
When the second photoelectric sensor loses the signal, the programmable logic control system sends out a signal, and the situation that the foam continues to expand towards the downstream of the target bubble boundary line is shown. Normally, temperature sensors are arranged at the arch top of the glass kiln above the foam area and at the pool bottom of the glass kiln below the foam area, and have obvious abnormal changes, namely the temperature of the upper part is increased by more than 10 ℃ and the pool bottom of the glass kiln is reduced by more than 5 ℃, and the programmable logic control system sends out a second indicating signal. Under the condition that the photoelectric monitoring system and the temperature measuring system simultaneously find abnormality, the programmable logic control system definitely judges that the bubble boundary line is too long, further adjusts the heat productivity ratio of the gas/solid fuel from 80:20 to 50:50, increases the heat productivity ratio of the solid fuel to about 50 percent so as to quickly prevent the foam layer from diffusing, and the adjustment is the second-stage adjustment; optionally, the warning device may issue a second level warning indicating the position of the bubble boundary at the time, such as a warning sound with a moderate frequency and/or a moderate urgency, and/or a yellow light with a warning light.
When the third photoelectric sensor loses a signal, which indicates that the foam has diffused downstream and approaches the hot spot, the process duration is usually longer than 2 hours, and at the moment, temperature sensors are arranged at the arch top of the glass kiln above the foam area and at the pool bottom of the glass kiln below the foam area, so that abnormal changes of the temperature can be found, and the programmable logic control system sends out a third indicating signal, namely that the temperature above the foam area is increased by more than 15 ℃ and the temperature at the pool bottom is reduced by more than 6 ℃. The electric signals output by the photoelectric sensor and the temperature sensor are sent to a programming logic control system by a data collector through a wired network, the programming logic control system sends signals, a fuel feeding control device connected with the programming logic control system further increases the proportion of the solid fuel in the total fuel heat productivity, the heat productivity ratio of gas/solid fuel is adjusted from 50:50 to 20:80, the solid fuel is increased to about 80 percent according to the heat productivity ratio to control the movement of a bubble boundary line, and the third-level adjustment is realized; optionally, the alarm device may emit a third level of alarm indicative of the bubble boundary position condition at that time, such as a warning tone of higher frequency and/or a higher urgency, and/or a red light with a warning light.
The method for regulating bubble boundary line includes not only increasing solid fuel proportion, but also regulating glass material prescription, regulating fining agent dosage, regulating kiln heat point value and kiln temperature distribution, etc.
In the foregoing, preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described. It is however obvious to a person skilled in the art that many modifications may be made to the described embodiments without departing from the basic idea of the invention. In general, all of the embodiments described above are combinable, if applicable.
It will be appreciated that there are many more possible combinations between the various embodiments described above that may be used for a particular application. The invention is therefore not limited to the embodiments described but may be varied within the full scope of the appended claims.

Claims (23)

1. A system for monitoring a bubble boundary line location on a surface of a glass melt, the system comprising:
a foam monitoring device disposed within the glass furnace, the foam monitoring device configured to monitor foam-related information at a predetermined monitoring point on a surface of the glass melt; and
a control device communicatively connected to the foam monitoring device, the control device being configured to determine whether foam is present at the predetermined monitoring point and to output a corresponding control signal based on foam-related information from the foam monitoring device,
the foam monitoring device comprises at least one pair of laser light source and photoelectric element, wherein the laser light source is arranged above the surface of the glass melt, the laser light source is configured to emit light rays to the preset monitoring point on the surface of the glass melt, the photoelectric element is configured to enable the photoelectric element to receive the reflected light of the light rays on the surface of the glass melt and generate corresponding electric signals only under the condition that no foam exists at the preset monitoring point, the foam related information comprises the existence of the electric signals, and the foam related information comprises the existence of the electric signals
The control device is connected with the photoelectric element in communication and is configured to judge that the foam exists at the preset monitoring point and generate a first control signal corresponding to the monitoring point when the electric signal sent by the photoelectric element is not received.
2. The system of claim 1,
the foam monitoring device comprises a high-temperature-resistant camera device which takes a picture of the preset monitoring point on the surface of the glass melt and transmits the taken picture as the foam related information to the control device, and
the control device is configured to analyze the received image to determine whether or not foam is present at the predetermined monitoring point, and to generate a first control signal corresponding to the monitoring point when it is determined that foam is present at the predetermined monitoring point.
3. The system of claim 1 or 2, further comprising an alarm device and/or an adjustment device communicatively connected to the control device, the alarm device configured to issue an alarm upon receiving the first control signal from the control device, the adjustment device configured to adjust an operating parameter of the glass furnace to adjust a bubble boundary line position on the glass melt surface upon receiving the first control signal from the control device.
4. The system of claim 3, wherein the predetermined monitoring points are disposed within a foam area and/or a mirror area of the surface of the glass melt.
5. The system of claim 4, wherein the predetermined monitoring points are provided at one or more of:
a first location downstream from the target bubble boundary line in a direction of flow of the glass melt, the first location being in a range of 0-50cm from the target bubble boundary line;
a third location upstream of the glass furnace hot spot in the direction of flow of the glass melt, the third location being in the range of 1-50cm from the glass furnace hot spot; and
a second position between the first and third positions, the second position being intermediate between the first and third positions.
6. The system of claim 5, wherein the first location is within 30-50cm of the target bubble boundary.
7. The system of claim 5, wherein the third location is within a range of 30-50cm from the hot spot of the glass furnace.
8. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 2, further comprising:
a first temperature sensor arranged on the arch top of the glass kiln above the glass melt foam zone for detecting the temperature change of the kiln top, and a second temperature sensor arranged on the pool bottom of the glass kiln below the glass melt foam zone for detecting the temperature change of the pool bottom, wherein the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor are respectively in communication connection with the control device for sending corresponding temperature signals to the control device,
the control means generates a second control signal when it is determined that foam is present at the predetermined monitoring point and the temperature signals of the first and second temperature sensors are within respective predetermined ranges.
9. The system of claim 8, further comprising an alarm device and/or an adjustment device communicatively coupled to the control device, the alarm device configured to issue an alarm upon receiving the second control signal from the control device, the adjustment device configured to adjust an operating parameter of the glass furnace to adjust a bubble boundary line position on the glass melt surface upon receiving the second control signal from the control device.
10. The system according to claim 8, wherein the control device outputs a first indication signal as a primary second control signal in case the temperature signal of the first temperature sensor indicates an increase of the furnace top temperature relative to the furnace top set temperature above a first threshold value and the temperature signal of the second temperature sensor indicates a decrease of the pool bottom temperature relative to the pool bottom set temperature not exceeding a second threshold value.
11. The system according to claim 9, wherein the control device outputs a first indication signal as the primary second control signal in case the temperature signal of the first temperature sensor indicates an increase of the ceiling temperature relative to the ceiling set temperature above a first threshold value and the temperature signal of the second temperature sensor indicates a decrease of the pool bottom temperature relative to the pool bottom set temperature not exceeding a second threshold value.
12. The system according to claim 10, wherein the control device outputs a second indication signal as a secondary second control signal in the event that the temperature signal of the first temperature sensor indicates an increase in the ceiling temperature relative to the ceiling set temperature above a third threshold value greater than the first threshold value and the temperature signal of the second temperature sensor indicates a decrease in the pool bottom temperature relative to the pool bottom set temperature above a fourth threshold value greater than the second threshold value.
13. The system according to claim 11, wherein the control device outputs a second indication signal as a secondary second control signal in the event that the temperature signal of the first temperature sensor indicates an increase in the ceiling temperature relative to the ceiling set temperature above a third threshold value greater than the first threshold value and the temperature signal of the second temperature sensor indicates a decrease in the floor temperature relative to the floor set temperature above a fourth threshold value greater than the second threshold value.
14. The system according to claim 12, wherein in the case where the temperature signal of the first temperature sensor indicates an increase in the ceiling temperature relative to the ceiling set temperature by more than a fifth threshold value greater than the third threshold value and the temperature signal of the second temperature sensor indicates a decrease in the pool bottom temperature relative to the pool bottom set temperature by more than a sixth threshold value greater than or equal to the fourth threshold value, the control device outputs a third indication signal as the third-stage second control signal.
15. The system of claim 13 wherein the control means outputs a third indicator signal as a three-stage second control signal in the event that the temperature signal from the first temperature sensor indicates an increase in the ceiling temperature relative to the ceiling set temperature above a fifth threshold greater than the third threshold and the temperature signal from the second temperature sensor indicates a decrease in the pool bottom temperature relative to the pool bottom set temperature above a sixth threshold greater than or equal to the fourth threshold.
16. The system as claimed in claim 8, wherein the first temperature sensor is disposed at a glass kiln crown above the target bubble boundary line and the second temperature sensor is disposed at a glass kiln pool floor below the target bubble boundary line.
17. The system of claim 9, wherein the first temperature sensor is disposed at a glass kiln crown above the target bubble boundary line and the second temperature sensor is disposed at a glass kiln pool floor below the target bubble boundary line.
18. The system of claim 1, wherein the control device comprises a programmable logic controller or a process control computer.
19. The system of claim 3, wherein the operating parameters include one or more of a fuel composition, a flame condition, a feedstock composition, a charge, and an amount of a defoamer of the glass kiln.
20. The system of claim 9, wherein the operating parameters include one or more of a fuel composition, a flame condition, a feedstock composition, a charge, and an amount of a defoamer of the glass kiln.
21. A glass furnace comprising furnace walls defining a combustion chamber, at least one combustion port, a feed inlet, a discharge outlet, and one or more burners arranged at the edge of the at least one combustion port, characterized in that the glass furnace further comprises a system according to any one of claims 1 to 20.
22. The glass furnace of claim 21, wherein the glass furnace uses pure oxygen or oxygen-enriched air as a source of combustion oxygen.
23. A method of monitoring the position of a bubble boundary on the surface of a glass melt, characterized by monitoring the position of the bubble boundary using the system of claim 4 or 5,
when the control device outputs a first control signal corresponding to a monitoring point at a first position, the alarm device sends out a first-level alarm after receiving the first control signal, and the adjusting device makes a first-level adjustment after receiving the first control signal;
when the control device outputs a first control signal corresponding to a monitoring point at a second position, the alarm device sends out a second-level alarm after receiving the first control signal, and the adjusting device makes a second-level adjustment after receiving the second control signal;
when the control device outputs a first control signal corresponding to the monitoring point at the third position, the alarm device sends out a third-level alarm after receiving the first control signal, and the adjusting device makes a third-level adjustment after receiving the third-level alarm.
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