CN109488246B - Blowout preventer of pumping unit and pumping unit - Google Patents
Blowout preventer of pumping unit and pumping unit Download PDFInfo
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- CN109488246B CN109488246B CN201710816418.3A CN201710816418A CN109488246B CN 109488246 B CN109488246 B CN 109488246B CN 201710816418 A CN201710816418 A CN 201710816418A CN 109488246 B CN109488246 B CN 109488246B
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- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011897 real-time detection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/02—Surface sealing or packing
- E21B33/03—Well heads; Setting-up thereof
- E21B33/06—Blow-out preventers, i.e. apparatus closing around a drill pipe, e.g. annular blow-out preventers
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
Abstract
The application provides a blowout preventer of a pumping unit and the pumping unit, the device includes: the casing, the inside cavity that is provided with of casing, still be provided with the passageway that runs through the cavity on the casing, the passageway is used for holding the sucker rod, be provided with in the cavity and be used for the cover to establish flexible sealing member at the sucker rod outer wall, detecting element, air supply and control unit, flexible sealing member is fixed with the cavity, detecting element sets up on the surface of flexible sealing member, detecting element is used for detecting whether flexible sealing member takes place deformation, when flexible sealing member takes place deformation, send control signal to control unit, control unit is used for producing gas in order to extrude flexible sealing member according to control signal control air supply, flexible sealing member resumes deformation in order to lock the sucker rod, realize the seal to the passageway, thereby prevent liquid blowout effectively. The device can automatically detect whether blowout occurs, and once blowout occurs, the device can automatically seal the channel immediately, thereby saving manpower and being safer.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of oil exploitation, in particular to a blowout preventer of an oil pumping unit and the oil pumping unit.
Background
Petroleum is a fluid mineral buried in the ground, and petroleum extraction refers to the act of excavating and extracting petroleum in a place where petroleum is stored. Currently, in the petroleum exploitation process, a pumping unit is often used for oil exploitation. When the pumping unit is used for oil extraction, the sucker rod of the pumping unit moves up and down in the pumping well in a reciprocating way, liquid in the pumping well can flow out to a wellhead in a large quantity due to the breakage of the sucker rod or other reasons, blowout accidents occur, huge pressure and shock waves can be generated when blowout occurs, serious consequences such as casualties, property loss and the like are often caused, and therefore strict precautions must be taken.
At present, a blowout preventer for preventing blowout is often arranged at a wellhead, and the blowout preventer adopts a double-layer sealed structure. When the wellhead is provided with a polished rod or a sucker rod, the upper layer is sealed by adopting two semicircular semi-sealing flashboards which are split; when the sucker rod is broken, the lower layer is sealed by a fully-sealed flashboard. Wherein, the upper layer semi-sealing flashboard is formed by combining a steel body and a front sealing rubber part, and adopts a two-side opposite opening (opposite closing) mode. When a polished rod or a sucker rod is needed to be sealed in a well, the locking shafts on two sides of the upper-layer semi-sealing flashboard are simultaneously screwed forward, so that the two upper-layer semi-sealing flashboard simultaneously moves towards the center, the polished rod is tightly wrapped, the lower-layer fully-sealing flashboard adopts a single piece of all-steel flashboard to realize hard sealing on the plane, and the sealing performance is reliable.
However, in the blowout preventer of the prior art, after a blowout accident occurs, a constructor needs to manually start the blowout preventer, and when the constructor is not on site, the blowout preventer cannot be started, so that the blowout preventer is inconvenient to use.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a blowout preventer of a pumping unit and the pumping unit, which can automatically open the blowout preventer when blowout occurs so as to prevent liquid in a pumping well from being sprayed out, so that blowout prevention is automatic and safer.
The first aspect of the application provides a blowout preventer of a pumping unit, comprising:
the oil pumping device comprises a shell, wherein a cavity is arranged in the shell, and a channel penetrating through the cavity is further arranged on the shell and used for accommodating an oil pumping rod;
the flexible sealing element, the detection unit, the air source and the control unit are arranged in the cavity, the flexible sealing element, the detection unit, the air source and the control unit are sleeved on the outer wall of the sucker rod, the detection unit is arranged on the outer surface of the flexible sealing element, the detection unit is connected with the control unit, and the control unit is connected with the air source;
the detection unit is used for detecting whether the flexible sealing element deforms, and when the flexible sealing element deforms, a control signal is sent to the control unit, and the control unit is used for controlling the air source to generate air according to the control signal so as to extrude the flexible sealing element.
The deformation of the flexible sealing element is detected in real time through the detection unit, whether blowout occurs can be detected in real time, and once blowout occurs, the channel can be immediately and automatically sealed, liquid blowout is effectively prevented, and the blowout detection and sealing process do not need participation of staff, so that manpower is saved, and the device is safer.
Optionally, the air source comprises an ignition unit and an inflator, and the ignition unit is connected with the control unit;
the control unit is used for controlling the ignition unit to ignite the inflator according to the control signal so as to generate gas.
By arranging the ignition unit and the inflating agent in the cavity, gas can be automatically manufactured without special gas storage and distribution bottles, so that the high risk of long-term pressurized gas source is avoided, and complicated work such as air pressure supplement is avoided.
Optionally, the detecting unit includes a strain gauge, and when the flexible sealing member is deformed, a resistance value of the strain gauge is changed to generate a first control signal;
the control unit is used for controlling the ignition unit to ignite the inflator according to the first control signal so as to generate gas.
Optionally, the detecting unit further includes an acceleration sensor, where the acceleration sensor is configured to detect whether the flexible seal member is displaced, and when the flexible seal member is displaced, the acceleration sensor generates a second control signal;
the control unit is used for controlling the ignition unit to ignite the inflating agent to generate gas according to the first control signal and/or the second control signal.
The detection unit comprises a strain gauge and a through acceleration sensor, so that blowout can be detected more accurately.
Optionally, the flexible sealing element includes an upper ring, a lower ring, and a connecting portion connecting the upper ring and the lower ring, the connecting portion is hollow and cylindrical, the upper ring and the lower ring are fixed at the upper end and the lower end of the connecting portion in parallel, and the inner diameter of the cylindrical, the inner diameter of the upper ring, and the inner diameter of the lower ring are all equal to the inner diameter of the channel;
the first opening formed by the channels is provided with a circular first limiting step, the second opening formed by the channels is provided with a circular second limiting step, the upper circular ring is limited by the first limiting step, and the lower circular ring is limited by the second limiting step.
Optionally, the method further comprises: the pressure gauge is connected with the monitoring equipment;
the pressure gauge is arranged outside the shell and communicated with the cavity, and is used for measuring the pressure in the cavity and sending the measured pressure in the cavity to the monitoring equipment;
and the monitoring equipment is used for controlling the pumping unit to stop working when the pressure in the cavity is greater than a preset first pressure.
Through setting up manometer and supervisory equipment, when taking place the blowout, the manometer can in time examine the pressure increase in the cavity, and supervisory equipment automatic control beam-pumping unit stop work this moment avoids because the blowout takes place to cause serious consequences such as casualties.
Optionally, the monitoring device comprises a display unit for displaying the pressure in the cavity.
Optionally, the ignition unit is a resistance wire. The resistance wire is adopted as the ignition unit, so that the structure is simple and the implementation is easy.
Optionally, the upper ring is adhered to the step surface of the first limiting step, and the lower ring is adhered to the step surface of the second limiting step;
or the upper circular ring is fixed on the step surface of the first limiting step through at least one bolt, and the lower circular ring is fixed on the step surface of the second limiting step through at least one bolt.
A second aspect of the present application provides a pumping unit comprising: the pumping unit body and the blowout preventer of the pumping unit in the first aspect.
The application provides a blowout preventer of an oil pumping machine and the oil pumping machine, wherein the blowout preventer comprises: the casing, the inside cavity that is provided with of casing, still be provided with the passageway that runs through the cavity on the casing, the passageway is used for holding the sucker rod, be provided with in the cavity and be used for the cover to establish flexible sealing member at the sucker rod outer wall, detecting element, air supply and control unit, flexible sealing member is fixed with the cavity, detecting element sets up on the surface of flexible sealing member, detecting element is used for detecting whether flexible sealing member takes place deformation, when flexible sealing member takes place deformation, send control signal to control unit, control unit is used for producing gas in order to extrude flexible sealing member according to control signal control air supply, flexible sealing member resumes deformation in order to lock the sucker rod, realize the seal to the passageway, thereby prevent liquid blowout effectively. The device can automatically detect whether blowout occurs, and once blowout occurs, the device can automatically seal the channel immediately, thereby saving manpower and being safer.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the application and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the application.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a blowout preventer of a pumping unit according to a first embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of an external shape of the flexible seal;
FIG. 3 is a front view of the flexible seal shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the housing;
FIG. 5 is an external view of the housing;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a blowout preventer of a pumping unit according to a second embodiment of the present application.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1: a housing;
11: a cavity;
12: a channel;
13: a first limit step;
14: a second limit step;
121: a first opening;
122: a second opening;
2: a flexible seal;
21: an upper circular ring;
22: a lower circular ring;
23: a connection part;
3: a control unit;
4: a gas source;
5: a detection unit;
51: a strain gage;
52: an acceleration sensor;
6: a pressure gauge;
7: monitoring equipment;
15: and (5) measuring pressure holes.
Specific embodiments of the present application have been shown by way of the above drawings and will be described in more detail below. The drawings and the written description are not intended to limit the scope of the inventive concepts in any way, but rather to illustrate the inventive concepts to those skilled in the art by reference to the specific embodiments.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to exemplary embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, the same numbers in different drawings refer to the same or similar elements, unless otherwise indicated. The implementations described in the following exemplary examples are not representative of all implementations consistent with the present disclosure. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatus and methods consistent with some aspects of the present disclosure as detailed in the accompanying claims.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a blowout preventer of an oil pumping unit according to an embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 1, where the blowout preventer of the oil pumping unit provided by the embodiment includes: the casing 1, the inside of casing 1 is provided with cavity 11, still is provided with the passageway 12 that runs through cavity 11 on the casing 1, and passageway 12 is used for holding the sucker rod (not shown in fig. 1). The flexible sealing element 2, the detection unit 5, the air source 4 and the control unit 3 which are arranged on the outer wall of the sucker rod in a sleeved mode are arranged in the cavity 11, the flexible sealing element 2 is fixedly connected with the shell 1, the detection unit 5 is arranged on the outer surface of the flexible sealing element 2, the detection unit 5 is connected with the control unit 3, and the control unit 3 is connected with the air source 4.
The flexible sealing element 2 is of a hollow structure and can be sleeved on the outer wall of the sucker rod. The flexible sealing element 2 is made of a flexible material, the flexible sealing element 2 can be made of a rubber material or the like, and the flexible sealing element 2 can deform when being subjected to external force. The flexible sealing element 2 is fixedly connected with the shell 11, and in the pumping process, the pumping rod reciprocates up and down, the flexible sealing element 2 does not move along with the pumping rod, and during normal operation, liquid in the pumping well cannot enter the flexible sealing element 2 along with the pumping rod.
The flexible sealing element 2 and the shell 1 can be fixedly connected in a clamping, bonding, threaded mode and the like. Alternatively, fig. 2 is a schematic external view of the flexible sealing member, fig. 3 is a front view of the flexible sealing member shown in fig. 2, referring to fig. 2 and 3, the flexible sealing member 2 includes an upper ring 21, a lower ring 22, and a connecting portion 23 connecting the upper ring 21 and the lower ring 22, the connecting portion 23 is hollow and cylindrical, the upper ring 21 and the lower ring 22 are fixed at the upper and lower ends of the connecting portion 23 in parallel, and the inner diameter of the cylindrical shape, the inner diameter of the upper ring 21, and the inner diameter of the lower ring 22 are equal to the inner diameter of the channel 12. The outer diameter of the upper ring 21 and the outer diameter of the lower ring 22 are both larger than the inner diameter of the channel 21, and the outer diameter of the upper ring 21 and the outer diameter of the lower ring 22 may be the same or different. The flexible seal 2 is, as a whole, i-shaped. Of course, fig. 2 and 3 are only an alternative implementation of the flexible sealing element, and the specific structure of the flexible sealing element is not limited in this embodiment. For example, the flexible seal may be a cylindrical structure.
Optionally, fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the casing, fig. 5 is an external view of the casing, referring to fig. 4 and 5, a circular first limiting step 13 is disposed at a first opening 121 formed by the channel 12, a circular second limiting step 14 is disposed at a second opening 122 formed by the channel 12, the upper ring 21 is limited by the first limiting step 13, and the lower ring 22 is limited by the second limiting step 14, so that the flexible sealing element 2 can be limited to move up and down along with the sucker rod, and sealing of the channel 12 is achieved. Of course, fig. 4 and 5 are only an alternative embodiment of the housing, and the specific structure of the housing is not limited in this embodiment. For example, the first limiting step 13 is not provided at the first opening 121 formed by the channel 12, and the second limiting step 14 is not provided at the second opening 122 formed by the channel 12.
Wherein the diameter of the first limiting step 13 is larger than the diameter of the channel 12, the diameter of the second limiting step 14 is also larger than the diameter of the channel 12, the diameter of the first limiting step 13 is equal to or larger than the outer diameter of the upper ring 21, and the diameter of the second limiting step 14 is equal to or larger than the outer diameter of the lower ring 22.
Further, in order to prevent the flexible sealing member 2 from moving and improve the sealing performance of the channel 12, the upper ring 21 may be adhered to the step surface of the first limiting step 13, and the lower ring 22 may be adhered to the step surface of the second limiting step 14. Alternatively, the upper ring 21 is fixed to the step surface of the first limiting step 13 by at least one bolt, and the lower ring 22 is fixed to the step surface of the second limiting step 14 by at least one bolt.
Alternatively, the upper ring 21 may be adhered to the step surface of the first limiting step 13 by an adhesive, and the lower ring 22 may be adhered to the step surface of the second limiting step 14 by an adhesive. Or, the upper ring 21 and the first limiting step 13 are adhered together by a magic tape, and similarly, the lower ring 22 and the second limiting step 14 are adhered together by a magic tape.
When the upper ring 21 and the lower ring 22 are fixed by bolts, the upper ring 21 and the lower ring 22 can be fixed by a plurality of bolts respectively, the bolts are uniformly spaced, and the upper and lower bolts are symmetrically arranged, so that the stress uniformity of the flexible sealing element 2 is ensured. For example, the upper ring 21 is fixed on the step surface of the first limiting step 13 by four bolts, and the lower ring 22 is also fixed on the step surface of the second limiting step 14 by four bolts, and the four bolts for fixing the upper ring 21 are uniformly distributed at intervals, and the four bolts for fixing the lower ring 22 are uniformly distributed at intervals.
The detection unit 5 is used for detecting whether the flexible sealing element 2 deforms, when the flexible sealing element 2 deforms, a control signal is sent to the control unit 3, the control unit 3 is used for controlling the air source 4 to generate air according to the control signal, the flexible sealing element 2 can be extruded by air expansion, the flexible sealing element 2 is enabled to recover deformation to lock the sucker rod, sealing of the channel 12 is achieved, and therefore liquid in a pumping well is effectively prevented from being sprayed out. Compared with the prior art, the blowout preventer of the pumping unit of this embodiment detects the deformation of flexible sealing member 2 in real time through detecting element, can real-time detection take place the blowout, and in case take place the blowout, can seal passageway 12 automatically immediately, effectively prevent the liquid blowout, and blowout detection and sealing process all do not need staff's participation, have saved the manpower, also safer.
When blowout occurs, liquid in the pumping well can be ejected upwards, and enters the flexible sealing element 2 along with the pumping rod, and the entered liquid can squeeze the flexible sealing element 2 to drive the flexible sealing element 2 to deform. The detection unit 5 is provided on the outer surface of the flexible seal member 5, and therefore, deformation of the flexible seal member 2 can be detected in time.
Alternatively, the detecting unit 5 may include a strain gauge 51, where the strain gauge 51 may be a resistive strain gauge, and the working principle of the resistive strain gauge is based on a strain effect, that is, when a conductor or a semiconductor material is mechanically deformed under the action of external force, the resistance value of the conductor or the semiconductor material is correspondingly changed, which is called "strain effect". When the flexible sealing element 2 deforms, the flexible sealing element 2 can press the strain gauge 51, the strain gauge 51 mechanically deforms, the resistance value of the strain gauge 51 changes, and when the resistance value of the strain gauge 51 changes, the current in the circuit changes, and the current in the circuit is the first control signal. The control unit 3 detects the first control signal and controls the gas source 4 to generate gas according to the first control signal so as to squeeze the flexible sealing member 2. Alternatively, the strain gage 51 may surround the flexible seal member 2 one turn, so that deformation of the flexible seal member 2 can be accurately detected. The strain gage 51 may be provided in the middle, upper end, lower end or any one of the positions of the flexible seal member 2.
Optionally, the detecting unit 5 further includes an acceleration sensor 52, where the acceleration sensor 52 is configured to detect whether the flexible sealing element 2 is displaced, and when the flexible sealing element 2 is displaced, the acceleration sensor 52 generates the second control signal. When a blowout occurs, the flexible seal member 2 is deformed and possibly displaced, and the blowout can be detected more accurately by providing the acceleration sensor 52. Correspondingly, the control unit 3 is used for controlling the gas source 4 to generate gas according to the first control signal and/or the second control signal.
The gas source 4 is used for generating gas, in one way the gas source 4 comprises a gas cylinder, which is opened in response to a control signal, which control signal comprises the first control signal and/or the second control signal described above, when the control unit 3 receives the control signal. In another way, the gas source 4 comprises an ignition unit and an inflator, the ignition unit is connected with the control unit 3, and the control unit 3 is used for controlling the ignition unit to ignite the inflator to generate gas according to the control signal. In the latter way, the blowout preventer of the pumping unit can automatically manufacture gas without special gas storage and distribution bottles, thereby preventing the high risk of long-term pressurized gas source 4 and avoiding complicated work such as air pressure supplement. The inflator may be any inflator that generates a gas after ignition, and for example, an inflator for an airbag of an automobile is used.
Optionally, the ignition unit 4 is a resistance wire, and the control unit 3 controls the resistance wire to generate heat according to the control signal so as to detonate the inflator and generate gas. The resistance wire is adopted as the ignition unit 4, so that the structure is simple and the implementation is easy.
Alternatively, the control unit 3 may employ a single chip microcomputer, a digital signal processor (digital signal processor, abbreviated as DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (Application Specific Integrated Circuit, abbreviated as ASIC), a programmable logic device (programmable logic device, abbreviated as PLD), a transistor logic device, or the like.
The blowout preventer of beam-pumping unit of this embodiment, including the casing, the inside cavity that is provided with of casing, still be provided with the passageway that runs through the cavity on the casing, the passageway is used for holding the sucker rod, be provided with in the cavity and be used for the cover to establish flexible sealing member at the sucker rod outer wall, detecting element, air supply and control unit, flexible sealing member is fixed with the cavity, detecting element sets up on flexible sealing member's surface, detecting element is used for detecting flexible sealing member and takes place deformation, when flexible sealing member takes place deformation, send control signal to control unit, control unit is used for producing gas in order to extrude flexible sealing member according to control signal control air supply, flexible sealing member 2 resumes deformation and locks the sucker rod, realize the seal to the passageway, thereby prevent liquid blowout effectively. According to the blowout preventer of the oil pumping machine, the change of the flexible sealing element is detected in real time through the detection unit, whether blowout occurs can be detected in real time, and once blowout occurs, the channel can be immediately and automatically sealed, so that liquid blowout is effectively prevented, staff is not needed in blowout detection and sealing processes, labor is saved, and safety is improved.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a blowout preventer of a pumping unit according to a second embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 6, where the blowout preventer of the pumping unit of the present embodiment includes: the casing 1, the inside of casing 1 is provided with cavity 11, still is provided with the passageway 12 that runs through cavity 11 on the casing 1, and passageway 12 is used for holding the sucker rod (not shown in fig. 2). The flexible sealing element 2, the detection unit 5, the air source 4 and the control unit 3 which are arranged on the outer wall of the sucker rod in a sleeved mode are arranged in the cavity 11, the flexible sealing element 2 is fixedly connected with the shell 1, the detection unit 5 is arranged on the outer surface of the flexible sealing element 2, the detection unit 5 is connected with the control unit 3, and the control unit 3 is connected with the air source 4. The pressure gauge 6 is arranged outside the shell 1 and is communicated with the cavity 11, and the pressure gauge is connected with the monitoring equipment 7.
The detecting unit 5 is used for detecting whether the flexible sealing element 2 is deformed, and when the flexible sealing element 2 is deformed, a control signal is sent to the control unit 3, and the control unit 3 is used for controlling the air source 4 to generate air according to the control signal so as to extrude the flexible sealing element 2. The pressure gauge 6 is configured to measure the pressure in the cavity 11, and send the measured pressure in the cavity 11 to the monitoring device 7, where the monitoring device 7 is configured to control the pumping unit to stop working when the pressure in the cavity 11 is greater than a preset first pressure.
Compared with the device shown in fig. 1, the blowout preventer of the pumping unit provided by the embodiment is additionally provided with the pressure gauge 6 and the monitoring equipment 7, so that the pressure in the cavity 11 can be detected in real time through the pressure gauge. As shown in fig. 6, a pressure measuring hole 15 is formed in the housing 1, the pressure measuring hole 15 is communicated with the cavity 11, and a measuring end of the pressure gauge 6 is directly connected with the pressure measuring hole 15, or the measuring end of the pressure gauge 6 passes through the pressure measuring hole 15 to be communicated with the cavity 11, so that the pressure in the cavity 11 can be measured. In the example shown in fig. 6, the pressure measuring hole 15 is perpendicular to the channel 11, and of course, the position and direction of the pressure measuring hole 15 may be changed arbitrarily, and this embodiment is limited by comparison.
The monitoring equipment 7 receives the pressure in the cavity 11 sent by the pressure gauge 6, compares the pressure in the cavity 11 with a preset first pressure value, and sends a stop signal to the pumping unit when the pressure in the cavity 11 is larger than the preset first pressure, and the pumping unit is controlled to stop working after the control cabinet of the pumping unit receives the stop signal. In the absence of a blowout, the pressure in the chamber 11 is maintained at a constant value, which is less than the first pressure, and in particular, may be equal to the external atmospheric pressure. When blowout occurs, the pressure in the cavity 11 is increased due to the gas generated by the gas source 4, the pressure in the cavity 11 measured by the pressure gauge 6 is correspondingly increased, when the monitoring device 7 determines that the pressure in the cavity 11 is larger than the preset first pressure, the monitoring device 7 determines that blowout occurs, and at the moment, the monitoring device 7 automatically controls the pumping unit to stop working, so that serious consequences such as casualties caused by blowout are avoided.
The monitoring device 7 may be a computer, a dedicated device, etc. The monitoring device 7 is typically a remote device, for example, the monitoring device 7 is located at the office of a worker, and the monitoring device 7 may be connected to and communicate with a pressure gauge by wired or wireless means. The monitoring device 7 can also record and store the time of occurrence of blowout and the pressure in the cavity 11 when blowout occurs, and the staff can inquire the time of occurrence of blowout and the pressure in the cavity 11 when blowout occurs by the monitoring device 7.
Optionally, the monitoring device 7 comprises a display unit for displaying the pressure in the cavity 11. The pressure in the chamber 11 can be seen in real time by the staff via the monitoring device 7.
Optionally, in this embodiment, the gas source 4 includes an ignition unit and an inflator, the ignition unit is connected to the control unit, and the control unit 3 is configured to control the ignition unit to ignite the inflator to generate gas according to the control signal. Optionally, the ignition unit is a resistance wire.
Optionally, the detecting unit 5 includes a strain gauge 51, and when the flexible sealing member 2 is deformed, the resistance value of the strain gauge 5 is changed to generate a first control signal, and the control unit 3 is configured to control the ignition unit to ignite the inflator to generate the gas according to the first control signal.
Optionally, the detecting unit 5 further includes an acceleration sensor 52, where the acceleration sensor 52 is configured to detect whether the flexible sealing element 2 is displaced, and when the flexible sealing element 2 is displaced, the acceleration sensor 52 generates a second control signal. The control unit 3 is configured to control the ignition unit to ignite the inflator to generate gas according to the first control signal and/or the second control signal.
Alternatively, referring to fig. 2 and 3, the flexible sealing member 2 includes an upper ring 21, a lower ring 22, and a connecting portion 23 connecting the upper ring 21 and the lower ring 22, the connecting portion 23 is hollow and cylindrical, the upper ring 21 and the lower ring 22 are fixed at the upper and lower ends of the connecting portion 23 in parallel, and the inner diameter of the cylindrical shape, the inner diameter of the upper ring, and the inner diameter of the lower ring are equal to the inner diameter of the channel 12.
A first circular limiting step 13 is arranged at a first opening 121 formed by the channel 12, a second circular limiting step 14 is arranged at a second opening 122 formed by the channel 12, the upper circular ring 21 is limited by the first limiting step 13, and the lower circular ring 22 is limited by the second limiting step 14.
Optionally, the upper ring 21 is adhered to the step surface of the first limiting step 13, and the lower ring 22 is adhered to the step surface of the second limiting step 14. Alternatively, the upper ring 21 is fixed to the step surface of the first limiting step 13 by at least one bolt, and the lower ring 22 is fixed to the step surface of the second limiting step 14 by at least one bolt.
The blowout preventer of the pumping unit of this embodiment includes: the casing, the inside cavity that is provided with of casing, be provided with in the cavity and be used for the cover to establish flexible sealing member, detecting element, air supply, control unit, manometer and supervisory equipment at the sucker rod outer wall, detecting element sets up on the surface of flexible sealing member, detecting element is used for detecting whether flexible sealing member takes place deformation, when flexible sealing member takes place deformation, send control signal to control element, control element is used for producing gas in order to extrude flexible sealing member according to control signal control air supply, make flexible sealing member resume deformation, realize the seal to the passageway, effectively prevent liquid blowout. Further, the pressure gauge measures the pressure in the cavity, the monitoring equipment determines whether blowout occurs according to the pressure change in the cavity measured by the pressure gauge, and when blowout occurs, the monitoring equipment controls the pumping unit to stop. The oil pumping machine can automatically stop when blowout occurs, so that serious consequences such as casualties are avoided, and the use reliability of the blowout preventer of the oil pumping machine well is further improved.
The application also provides an oil pumping unit which comprises an oil pumping unit body and the oil pumping unit blowout preventer shown in the figures 1 and 6. The pumping unit is a machine equipment for exploiting petroleum, and is commonly called as "kowtow machine". The pumping unit is the most main lifting equipment in a sucker rod pumping system, oil is pumped up mainly through the pumping action of a sucker rod, and then is conveyed away through an underground pipeline, and the sucker rod is driven by a motor.
The pumping unit may be classified into a beam pumping unit and a non-beam pumping unit according to whether there is a beam.
The working principle of the beam pumping unit is as follows: the power machine is used for supplying power, the high-speed rotation of the power machine is changed into the low-speed rotation of a crank of the pumping unit through a speed reducer, the rotary motion is changed into the up-and-down reciprocating motion of the horsehead of the pumping unit through a crank-connecting rod-walking beam mechanism, and the deep well pump is driven to work through a rope hanger assembly.
The main components of the beam pumping unit are as follows: the power machine for providing power, the speed reducer for transmitting power and reducing speed, the four-bar mechanism (crank, connecting rod, walking beam, support, cross beam and base) for transmitting power and changing rotary motion into reciprocating motion, the horsehead and rope hanger assembly for transmitting power and ensuring the smooth rod to do reciprocating linear motion, the braking device for enabling the oil pumping unit to stay at any position, the balancing device for enabling the power machine to work in a small load variation range, and the like.
In order to improve the motion performance of the pumping unit, improve the energy-saving effect, reduce the weight and the occupied area of the whole machine, the beam-free pumping unit applied to the oilfield in recent years mainly comprises a chain pumping unit and a steel rope pumping unit.
When the oil pumping machine blowout preventer is used, the oil pumping machine blowout preventer is fixed at the wellhead of the oil pumping machine, the sucker rod of the oil pumping machine penetrates through the channel of the oil pumping machine blowout preventer and then stretches into the oil pumping well, and the oil pumping machine body is located on the ground.
Other embodiments of the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the disclosure disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any adaptations, uses, or adaptations of the disclosure following, in general, the principles of the disclosure and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the disclosure pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the disclosure being indicated by the following claims.
It is to be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the precise arrangements and instrumentalities shown in the drawings, and that various modifications and changes may be effected without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the present disclosure is limited only by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A blowout preventer for a pumping unit, comprising:
the oil pumping device comprises a shell, wherein a cavity is arranged in the shell, and a channel penetrating through the cavity is further arranged on the shell and used for accommodating an oil pumping rod;
the flexible sealing element, the detection unit, the air source and the control unit are arranged in the cavity, the flexible sealing element, the detection unit, the air source and the control unit are sleeved on the outer wall of the sucker rod, the detection unit is arranged on the outer surface of the flexible sealing element, the detection unit is connected with the control unit, and the control unit is connected with the air source;
the detection unit is used for detecting whether the flexible sealing element is deformed, and when the flexible sealing element is deformed, a control signal is sent to the control unit, and the control unit is used for controlling the air source to generate air according to the control signal so as to extrude the flexible sealing element;
the flexible sealing element comprises an upper circular ring, a lower circular ring and a connecting part for connecting the upper circular ring and the lower circular ring, the connecting part is hollow and cylindrical, the upper circular ring and the lower circular ring are parallelly fixed at the upper end and the lower end of the connecting part, and the inner diameter of the cylindrical, the inner diameter of the upper circular ring and the inner diameter of the lower circular ring are equal to the inner diameter of the channel;
a first circular limiting step is arranged at a first opening formed by the channel, a second circular limiting step is arranged at a second opening formed by the channel, the upper circular ring is limited by the first limiting step, and the lower circular ring is limited by the second limiting step;
further comprises: the pressure gauge is connected with the monitoring equipment;
the pressure gauge is arranged outside the shell and communicated with the cavity, and is used for measuring the pressure in the cavity and sending the measured pressure in the cavity to the monitoring equipment;
the monitoring equipment is used for controlling the pumping unit to stop working when the pressure in the cavity is larger than a preset first pressure;
the upper circular ring is adhered to the step surface of the first limiting step, and the lower circular ring is adhered to the step surface of the second limiting step;
or the upper circular ring is fixed on the step surface of the first limiting step through at least one bolt, and the lower circular ring is fixed on the step surface of the second limiting step through at least one bolt.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the gas source comprises an ignition unit and an inflator, the ignition unit being connected to the control unit;
the control unit is used for controlling the ignition unit to ignite the inflator according to the control signal so as to generate gas.
3. The device of claim 2, wherein the detection unit comprises a strain gauge, a resistance value of which changes when the flexible seal is deformed to generate the first control signal;
the control unit is used for controlling the ignition unit to ignite the inflator according to the first control signal so as to generate gas.
4. A device according to claim 3, wherein the detection unit further comprises an acceleration sensor for detecting whether the flexible seal is displaced, the acceleration sensor generating a second control signal when the flexible seal is displaced;
the control unit is used for controlling the ignition unit to ignite the inflating agent to generate gas according to the first control signal and/or the second control signal.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the monitoring device comprises a display unit for displaying the pressure within the cavity.
6. The device of any of claims 2-4, wherein the ignition unit is a resistance wire.
7. An oil pumping unit, comprising: a pumping unit body and a blowout preventer of any one of the preceding claims 1 to 6.
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| CN201710816418.3A CN109488246B (en) | 2017-09-12 | 2017-09-12 | Blowout preventer of pumping unit and pumping unit |
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| CN201710816418.3A CN109488246B (en) | 2017-09-12 | 2017-09-12 | Blowout preventer of pumping unit and pumping unit |
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| CN109488246B true CN109488246B (en) | 2023-09-26 |
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| CN110485965B (en) * | 2019-07-26 | 2021-08-06 | 大连理工大学 | Winding inflatable extrusion type plugging device for crude oil blowout |
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| CN206158655U (en) * | 2016-08-17 | 2017-05-10 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Blowout preventer of oil pumping well |
| CN106958430A (en) * | 2016-01-08 | 2017-07-18 | 于立成 | Rod beam-pumping unit well head sealing apparatus |
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| GB781859A (en) * | 1954-06-22 | 1957-08-28 | Bataafsche Petroleum | Improvements in or relating to well-drilling units |
| CN201262058Y (en) * | 2008-09-27 | 2009-06-24 | 中国石化股份胜利油田分公司河口采油厂 | Blowout prevention system for oil well shaft mouth |
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| CN109488246A (en) | 2019-03-19 |
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