CN109486534B - Coal gas dust removal and desulfurization method - Google Patents
Coal gas dust removal and desulfurization method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109486534B CN109486534B CN201811564025.9A CN201811564025A CN109486534B CN 109486534 B CN109486534 B CN 109486534B CN 201811564025 A CN201811564025 A CN 201811564025A CN 109486534 B CN109486534 B CN 109486534B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
- C10J3/84—Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D45/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces
- B01D45/12—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces by centrifugal forces
- B01D45/16—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces by centrifugal forces generated by the winding course of the gas stream, the centrifugal forces being generated solely or partly by mechanical means, e.g. fixed swirl vanes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
- B01D53/50—Sulfur oxides
- B01D53/508—Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with solids
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/81—Solid phase processes
- B01D53/83—Solid phase processes with moving reactants
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/003—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes for supplying chemicals to fumes, e.g. using injection devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/40—Alkaline earth metal or magnesium compounds
- B01D2251/404—Alkaline earth metal or magnesium compounds of calcium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/60—Inorganic bases or salts
- B01D2251/606—Carbonates
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Abstract
The invention provides a coal gas dust removal and desulfurization method, and relates to the technical field of coal pyrolysis poly-generation. The coal gas dust removal and desulfurization method comprises the following steps: 1) the high-pressure gas carries the powdery desulfurizer to be sprayed to the inner wall of the cyclone dust collector at a high speed, tar scale on the inner wall is washed away, and the mixture of the powdery desulfurizer and the tar scale is driven to flow to a solid phase outlet of the cyclone dust collector; 2) and conveying the mixture to a combustion boiler, burning tar, and absorbing sulfur dioxide in the tail gas of the combustion boiler by using the powdery desulfurizer. The high-speed powdery desulfurizer is mixed and bonded with tar scale on the inner wall to form large particles, and the large particles are blown off from the inner wall to flow to a solid phase outlet under the impact action of airflow, so that the tar scale is prevented from continuously adsorbing and bonding dust, and the problems of unsmooth dust discharge and poor dust removal effect are solved; and large particles are conveyed to the combustion boiler, the powdery desulfurizer absorbs sulfur dioxide gas generated by coal combustion in time, the pressure of desulfurization after combustion is reduced, and the desulfurization effect is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coal pyrolysis poly-generation, in particular to a coal gas dust removal and desulfurization method.
Background
In order to improve the utilization efficiency and the conversion efficiency of coal resources, a heat, electricity and gas poly-generation technology based on coal pyrolysis is developed. If the publication is 12 months in 2010 and the document named as ' coal pyrolysis poly-generation technical statement comment ' in volume 48 of chemical fertilizer design ' discloses a coal pyrolysis poly-generation working principle, the whole coal pyrolysis poly-generation device comprises a fluidized bed gasification furnace and a circulating fluidized bed boiler, coal materials are firstly fed into the fluidized bed gasification furnace, the coal gas generated in the fluidized bed gasification furnace is subjected to dust removal, purification and thermal conversion to form clean coal gas, part of the coal gas is returned to the fluidized bed gasification furnace as self-circulating coal gas, the fluidized bed gasification furnace is connected with the circulating fluidized bed boiler, semicoke circulating ash generated in the fluidized bed gasification furnace is discharged into the circulating fluidized bed boiler, and preheated air and saturated water are introduced into the circulating fluidized bed boiler to react with the semicoke circulating ash to generate circulating hot ash and then returned to the fluidized bed gasification furnace.
However, the document does not specifically describe how to implement dust removal and purification of gas, and the conventional method is to use a cyclone separator (also called "cyclone separator") to treat dust in gas, for example, chinese utility model patent with publication number CN205782804U and publication number 2016.12.07 discloses a high-sulfur coal circulating fluidized bed boiler, which includes a coal bunker, a limestone bunker, a boiler, and a cyclone separator, etc., the cyclone separator is connected to one side of the upper end of the boiler, the boiler is connected to the lower end of the cyclone separator, the upper end of the cyclone separator is connected to the top end of a heat recovery cylinder, gas is introduced through an air inlet at the upper end of the cyclone separator, the gas after dust removal is discharged through an air outlet at the upper end of the cyclone separator, and dust in gas is discharged through an ash discharge outlet at the lower end of the cyclone separator.
In actual work, high-temperature coal gas generated by the pyrolysis furnace can be naturally cooled in the cyclone separator, so that part of tar gas entrained in the high-temperature coal gas is condensed and separated out, the condensed tar can adsorb dust and is bonded on the inner wall of the ash discharge port at the bottom of the cyclone separator, and the problems of unsmooth dust discharge and poor dust removal effect are caused. If the method of disconnecting the tail gas treatment system is adopted to clean the accumulated scale, the engineering quantity is large, and the normal operation of the coal pyrolysis poly-generation device can be directly influenced. In addition, sulfur dioxide is mixed in coal gas generated by coal combustion in the circulating fluidized bed boiler for coal pyrolysis poly-generation, and if the flue gas is directly combusted and then desulfurized, the subsequent desulfurization pressure is large, and the desulfurization effect is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for dedusting and desulfurizing coal gas, which aims to solve the problems of unsmooth dust discharge and poor dedusting effect caused by that part of tar in the coal gas is condensed and separated out at a dust discharge port of a cyclone dust collector and dust is bonded.
In order to realize the purpose, the technical scheme of the coal gas dust removal and desulfurization method is as follows:
the coal gas dust removal and desulfurization method comprises the following steps:
1) the high-pressure gas carries the powdery desulfurizer to be sprayed to the inner wall of the cyclone dust collector at a high speed, tar scale on the inner wall is washed away, and the mixture of the powdery desulfurizer and the tar scale is driven to flow to a solid phase outlet of the cyclone dust collector;
2) and conveying the mixture to a combustion boiler, burning tar, and absorbing sulfur dioxide in the tail gas of the combustion boiler by using the powdery desulfurizer.
Has the advantages that: spraying high-speed powdery desulfurizer to the inner wall of the cyclone dust collector, mixing and bonding the powdery desulfurizer and tar scale on the inner wall to form large particles, blowing the large particles of the mixture of the powdery desulfurizer and the tar scale off from the inner wall of the cyclone dust collector under the impact action of airflow, and allowing the large particles to flow to a solid phase outlet of the cyclone dust collector under the action of self gravity, so that the tar scale is prevented from continuously adsorbing bonded dust in the cyclone dust collector, the cleanliness of the inner wall of the cyclone dust collector is ensured, and the problems of unsmooth dust discharge and poor dust removal effect are solved; and moreover, large particles of a mixture containing tar dirt and the powdery desulfurizer are conveyed to the combustion boiler, tar components in the large particles are combusted, the powdery desulfurizer absorbs sulfur dioxide gas generated by coal combustion in time, the pressure of desulfurization after combustion is reduced, and the desulfurization effect is ensured.
Furthermore, in order to realize the continuity of the process flow and ensure the sufficient supply of high-pressure gas, the downstream clean gas is pressurized to be used as the high-pressure gas, and the high-pressure gas carries the powdery desulfurizer to be sprayed to the inner wall of the dust remover at high speed. The clean coal gas does not contain oxygen, and when the pressurized clean coal gas is introduced into the cyclone dust collector, the introduction of a combustion improver is avoided, so that the subsequent coal gas does not contain the combustion improver, and the safety of the finally obtained clean coal gas in the processes of storage, transportation and use is ensured.
Furthermore, in order to realize the continuity of the process flow and improve the gas production efficiency of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace, the method of adding the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace into the combustion boiler to generate coal gas is adopted, and the downstream clean coal gas is pressurized and then introduced into the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace to be used as a fluidizing medium.
Further, in order to reduce the cost, the powdery desulfurizer in the step 1) is limestone powder.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the working principle of the method for dedusting and desulfurizing coal gas.
In the figure: 1-circulating fluidized bed boiler, 2-fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace, 3-cyclone dust collector, 4-coal bunker, 5-totally enclosed coal feeder, 6-circulating material returning device, 7-semicoke material returning device, 8-limestone powder bunker, 9-mixer, 10-electrostatic dust collector, 11-ash material returning device, 12-waste heat recovery device, 13-tar recovery device, 14-blower, A-coal material, B-limestone powder, D1-high temperature coarse gas, D2-pre-dedusting high temperature coarse gas, D3-fine dedusting high temperature coarse gas, D4-low temperature coarse gas, D-clean gas, E1-front section dust, E2-middle section dust and E3-rear section dust.
Detailed Description
The following further describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
In embodiment 1 of the gas dust removal and desulfurization method of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the gas dust removal and desulfurization method is applied to a coal pyrolysis poly-generation device, and the coal pyrolysis poly-generation device includes a circulating fluidized bed boiler 1, a fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace 2, a coal bunker 4, a cyclone dust collector 3, an electrostatic dust collector 10, a waste heat recovery device 12, a tar recovery device 13, an ash returning device 11, an air blower 14, and the like. The high-temperature crude gas D1 generated in the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace 2 is introduced into a subsequent gas purification unit, and is subjected to purification, dust removal and other treatment to obtain clean gas D, and the clean gas D is pressurized by a blower 14 and then respectively used as a fluidizing medium to circulate back to the circulating fluidized bed boiler 1, as a high-pressure gas to circulate back to the cyclone dust collector 3 and as a final product for users. The ash returning device 11 is arranged at the lower side of the lower end outlets of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace 2, the cyclone dust collector 3 and the electrostatic dust collector 10, receives accumulated ash through the ash returning device 11, and circularly returns the dust to the circulating fluidized bed boiler 1. In this embodiment, the ash returning device 11 is specifically a belt conveyer operated by electric drive.
Wherein the outlet of the coal bunker 4 is respectively communicated with the coal inlet of the circulating fluidized bed boiler 1 and the coal inlet of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace 2, the coal A is supplied to the circulating fluidized bed boiler 1 and the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace 2 through a totally-enclosed coal feeder 5, various dusts in the ash returning device 11 are returned to the circulating fluidized bed boiler 1, and the circulating fluidized bed boiler 1 is also connected with the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace 2 through a circulating returning device 6 and a semicoke returning device 7. The circulating fluidized bed boiler 1 operates at 850-900 ℃, high-temperature materials generated in the circulating fluidized bed boiler 1 enter the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace 2 through the circulating material returning device 6, are subjected to medium-low temperature thermal cracking with coal materials A from the totally-enclosed coal feeder 5 at 550-800 ℃, high-pressure clean coal gas D is introduced into the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace 2 to serve as a fluidizing medium, and semicoke generated by pyrolysis returns to the circulating fluidized bed boiler 1 through the semicoke material returning device 7. And still can produce high temperature raw gas D1 and anterior segment dust E1 during the pyrolysis, high temperature raw gas D1 is discharged from the upper end export of fluidized bed pyrolysis oven 2, inside the upper end gaseous phase air inlet entering cyclone 3 from cyclone 3 through the pipeline, anterior segment dust E1 is then discharged and is gone into ash returning device 11 from the lower extreme export of fluidized bed pyrolysis oven 2, return anterior segment dust E1 back to in the circulating fluidized bed boiler 1 through ash returning device 11 again.
The high-temperature raw gas D1 is subjected to pre-dedusting in the cyclone dust collector 3, the pre-dedusting high-temperature raw gas D2 obtained after pre-dedusting is discharged from a gas phase exhaust port at the upper end of the cyclone dust collector 3, the middle-section dust E2 generated by pre-dedusting is discharged from a solid phase ash discharge port at the bottom of the cyclone dust collector 3, and in order to prevent the pre-dedusting high-temperature raw gas D2 from leaking from the solid phase ash discharge port at the bottom of the cyclone dust collector 3 and prevent outside air from entering the system, a two-stage valve gas locking mechanism is arranged at the solid phase ash discharge port at the bottom of the cyclone dust collector 3. However, because the high-temperature raw gas D1 has complex components and contains gas, dust, gas-phase tar components and the like, when part of the high-temperature raw gas D1 reaches a position close to the solid-phase dust discharge port at the bottom of the cyclone dust collector 3, the gas-phase tar is cooled, condensed and separated out to form liquid-phase tar droplets, and the liquid-phase tar droplets adsorb and wet the dust and finally agglomerate and adhere to the inner wall of the cyclone dust collector 3 close to the solid-phase dust discharge port.
The coal pyrolysis poly-generation device also comprises a limestone powder bin 8 and a mixer 9, wherein a discharge port of the limestone powder bin 8 is connected with an inlet of the mixer 9, high-pressure clean coal gas D is introduced into the mixer 9 to be mixed with limestone powder B, the clean coal gas D is used as a conveying medium and carries the limestone powder B to enter the cyclone dust collector 3 from a powder inlet at the upper end of the cyclone dust collector 3 at a high speed. Under the impact action of the high-speed limestone powder B airflow, the limestone powder B is adhered to the surface of the dust wetted by the tar and mixed to form large particles, and the large particles fall to the bottom of the cyclone dust collector 3 under the action of airflow impact force and self gravity, are discharged from a solid-phase dust discharge port at the bottom of the cyclone dust collector 3 together with the middle-section dust E2 and enter the dust returning device 11. In returning middle section dust E2 and large granule to circulating fluidized bed boiler 1 through ash returning charge device 11, the burning of tar composition in the large granule, limestone flour B in the large granule is calcined through high temperature and is converted into active calcium oxide, and the sulfur dioxide gas that releases because of the coal charge burning in the circulating fluidized bed boiler 1 can in time be absorbed to active calcium oxide, has reduced the desulfurated pressure of burning back, has guaranteed desulfurization effect.
The pre-dedusting high-temperature crude gas D2 discharged from the upper gas phase exhaust port of the cyclone dust collector 3 is introduced into the electrostatic dust collector 10 for fine dedusting, fine dedusting high-temperature crude gas D3 and rear-stage dust E3 are obtained after fine dedusting, wherein the fine dedusting high-temperature crude gas D3 is discharged from the exhaust port of the electrostatic dust collector 10, the rear-stage dust E3 is discharged from the bottom ash discharge port of the electrostatic dust collector 10 and enters the ash returning device 11, the rear-stage dust E3 is returned to the circulating fluidized bed boiler 1 through the ash returning device 11, in order to prevent the fine dedusting high-temperature crude gas D3 from leaking out from the bottom ash discharge port of the electrostatic dust collector 10 and simultaneously avoid external air from entering the system to cause explosion, a two-stage valve air locking mechanism is also arranged at the bottom ash discharge port of the electrostatic dust collector 10. At this time, the fine dedusting high-temperature raw gas D3 does not contain dust, but still has a high temperature, in order to improve the conversion and utilization efficiency of heat, the fine dedusting high-temperature raw gas D3 is introduced into the waste heat recovery device 12, exchanges heat with water, and makes water into high-temperature water vapor, the high-temperature water vapor can be used for meeting the use requirements of industry and life, and the fine dedusting high-temperature raw gas D3 after heat exchange becomes low-temperature raw gas D4 with a lower temperature. At this time, the low-temperature raw gas D4 also contains tar components, and the low-temperature raw gas D4 is introduced into the tar recovery device 13 to recover tar, thereby finally obtaining clean gas D which is free of dust, tar and low in temperature. In order to realize the continuity of the whole process flow, after the clean coal gas D is pressurized by the blower 14, part of the clean coal gas D returns to the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace 2 to be used as a fluidizing medium, so that the gas production efficiency of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace 2 is improved; part of the clean gas D returns to the mixer 9 to be used as a conveying medium of the limestone powder B, so that the supply of high-pressure gas is sufficient, and the rest part of the clean gas D is conveyed to a downstream gas user.
The specific embodiment 2 of the gas dust removal and desulfurization method of the invention is different from the specific embodiment 1 in that limestone powder can be replaced by calcium oxide powder, and the effect of desulfurization can also be achieved. In other embodiments, the limestone powder can be replaced by other powdery desulfurizing agents, such as calcium hydroxide powder.
The specific embodiment 3 of the gas dust removal and desulfurization method of the invention is different from the specific embodiment 1 in that clean gas pressurized by a blower can be replaced by independent external nitrogen, and the external nitrogen is used as a conveying medium to blow limestone powder to flow. In other embodiments, the external nitrogen gas may be other inert gases, such as helium, argon, or a mixture of nitrogen, argon, helium, or other non-oxygen containing mixture.
The specific embodiment 4 of the coal gas dust removal and desulfurization method of the invention is different from the specific embodiment 1 in that an ash returning device for receiving returned dust can be replaced by an unpowered chute, the discharge end of the chute is connected to the circulating fluidized bed boiler, and the feed end of the chute is connected to the position of an ash discharge port of other parts, thereby simplifying the structure of the whole device. In other embodiments, the dust can be returned by manual shipping.
Claims (4)
1. A coal gas dust removal desulfurization method, high-temperature crude coal gas is discharged from the upper end outlet of a fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace, and enters the interior of a cyclone dust collector from the upper end gas phase air inlet of the cyclone dust collector through a pipeline, the high-temperature crude coal gas is subjected to pre-dust removal in the cyclone dust collector, pre-dust-removal high-temperature crude coal gas obtained after pre-dust removal is discharged from the upper end gas phase air outlet of the cyclone dust collector, and pre-dust-removal high-temperature crude coal gas discharged from the upper end gas phase air outlet of the cyclone dust collector is introduced into an electrostatic dust collector for fine dust removal, and the method is characterized by:
1) the high-pressure gas carries the powdery desulfurizer to be sprayed to the inner wall of the cyclone dust collector at a high speed, the powdery desulfurizer is mixed and bonded with tar scale on the inner wall to form large particles, the large particles of the mixture of the powdery desulfurizer and the tar scale are blown off from the inner wall of the cyclone dust collector under the impact action of the airflow, and the mixture of the powdery desulfurizer and the tar scale flows to a solid phase outlet of the cyclone dust collector under the self-gravity action of the large particles of the mixture;
2) and conveying the mixture to a combustion boiler, burning tar, and absorbing sulfur dioxide in the tail gas of the combustion boiler by using the powdery desulfurizer.
2. The method for removing dust and sulfur from coal gas as claimed in claim 1, wherein the clean coal gas at the downstream is pressurized to be used as said high-pressure gas, and the high-pressure gas carries the powdery desulfurizing agent and is sprayed at high speed to the inner wall of the dust remover.
3. The method for removing dust and sulfur from coal gas as claimed in claim 1, wherein the coal gas is generated by a combustion boiler and a fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace, and the clean coal gas at the downstream is pressurized and then introduced into the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace as a fluidizing medium.
4. The coal gas dust removal and desulfurization method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the powdery desulfurizer used in the step 1) is limestone powder.
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| CN113634050B (en) * | 2021-08-26 | 2023-04-07 | 广东新氧器净化科技有限公司 | Cyclone collision dust removal pretreatment device |
| CN114250085B (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2022-09-06 | 南京林业大学 | Method for catalytically synthesizing biofuel by using biomass pyrolysis gas |
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