CN109482953B - Electric heating auxiliary milling device and method - Google Patents

Electric heating auxiliary milling device and method Download PDF

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CN109482953B
CN109482953B CN201811485091.7A CN201811485091A CN109482953B CN 109482953 B CN109482953 B CN 109482953B CN 201811485091 A CN201811485091 A CN 201811485091A CN 109482953 B CN109482953 B CN 109482953B
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milling
milling machine
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metal rod
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CN109482953A (en
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孔宪俊
王明海
王奔
郑耀辉
李晓鹏
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Shenyang Aerospace University
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C9/00—Details or accessories so far as specially adapted to milling machines or cutter
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools

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Abstract

The invention relates to an electric heating auxiliary milling device and method, which comprises a numerical control milling machine workbench, a milling machine mainframe box, a milling machine main shaft, a dynamometer and an electric heating device, wherein the milling machine mainframe box is arranged on the numerical control milling machine workbench, the milling machine main shaft is rotatably assembled at the output end of the milling machine mainframe box, a milling cutter is fixedly arranged on the lower side of the milling machine main shaft through a clamp, and a workpiece positioned on the lower side of the milling cutter is arranged on the numerical control milling machine workbench through an insulator. The device is suitable for milling conductive materials difficult to machine, solves the problems of severe tool abrasion and poor machining quality, can reduce the times of tool changing and tool abrasion value measurement, and realizes the maximization of the economic benefit of electric heating milling machining; the heating area completely covers the milling path of the cutter head, so that the area to be processed is fully softened, and the cutting efficiency and the processing quality are improved; the power supply is adjusted through the industrial personal computer, so that the machining current is always kept in an optimal range, and the machining precision and efficiency in the milling process are ensured.

Description

Electric heating auxiliary milling device and method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of machining, in particular to an electric heating auxiliary milling device and method.
Background
The conventional conductive heating cutting technology is that low voltage and large current are conducted between a workpiece and a cutter, contact resistance is generated between the workpiece and the cutter in the cutting process, a large amount of joule heat is rapidly generated, and the strength and hardness of a deformed material are reduced at high temperature, so that the cutting force and torque can be reduced by the electric heating auxiliary cutting technology, the abrasion of the material to the cutter is reduced, and the service life of the cutter is prolonged.
Foreign scholars conduct experimental research on difficult-to-machine metal materials such as high-temperature alloy, quenched steel and the like, prove the advantages of electric heating cutting, and can reduce the abrasion of a cutter while improving the machining efficiency. However, some materials (such as high-temperature alloy, hardened steel and the like) belong to high-melting-point difficult-to-machine materials, a large current is needed to be conducted for a long time to heat to a proper cutting temperature in the conductive heating cutting process, the high temperature brings great thermal damage to a cutting tool at the moment, the adhesive wear of the tool is aggravated, the service life of the tool is reduced to a certain extent, the economic benefit is not very obvious, in addition, the diameter of a metal heating rod is usually smaller than that of the tool disc, the tool disc with a large diameter is often needed when a large plane is milled, a metal rod heating area cannot completely cover the milling path of the tool disc, the area to be machined cannot be fully softened, and the cutting efficiency and the machining quality are greatly influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an electric heating auxiliary milling device and method, which are suitable for milling conductive materials difficult to process, solve the problems of severe tool wear and poor processing quality, reduce the times of tool changing and tool wear value measurement and realize the maximization of the economic benefit of electric heating milling processing; the heating area completely covers the milling path of the cutter head, so that the area to be processed is fully softened, and the cutting efficiency and the processing quality are improved; the power supply is adjusted through the industrial personal computer, so that the machining current is always kept in an optimal range, and the machining precision and efficiency in the milling process are ensured.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: an electric heating auxiliary milling device comprises a numerical control milling machine workbench, a milling machine mainframe box, a milling machine main shaft, a force measuring instrument and an electric heating device, wherein the milling machine mainframe box is arranged on the numerical control milling machine workbench, the milling machine main shaft is assembled at the output end of the milling machine mainframe box in a rotating mode, a milling cutter is fixedly installed on the lower side of the milling machine main shaft through a clamp, a workpiece located on the lower side of the milling cutter is arranged on the numerical control milling machine workbench through an insulator, and the output end of the force measuring instrument is fixedly installed on the workpiece through the;
electric heater unit is including heating metal rod, conductive slip ring, sampling resistor, power and ampere meter, conductive slip ring passes through insulating sleeve and installs the lateral wall at the milling machine main shaft, milling machine mainframe box output has the heating metal rod through metal rod fixture fixed mounting, and heats the adjacent setting of metal rod and milling cutter, heating metal rod, conductive slip ring, sampling resistor, power, ampere meter and work piece electricity in proper order are connected, and power and industrial computer electricity are connected.
The bottom end of the heating metal rod is contacted with the workpiece.
The use method of the electric heating auxiliary milling device comprises the following steps:
firstly, insulating a workpiece and then installing the workpiece on a workbench of a numerical control milling machine;
mounting the conductive slip ring into an insulating sleeve, mounting the conductive slip ring onto a milling machine spindle after insulation of an insulating material, and adjusting a mounting gap;
thirdly, clamping the milling cutter by using a chuck, installing the milling cutter into a main shaft of the milling machine, and adjusting the position of the milling cutter;
selecting processing technological parameters through a numerical algorithm to obtain processing technological parameters such as heating current, preheating time, rotating speed, cutting speed, feeding amount and heating temperature;
step five, sequentially connecting a heating metal rod, a conductive slip ring, a sampling resistor, a power supply, a current meter and a workpiece in series, enabling the heating metal rod to be in light contact with the surface of the workpiece to form a closed loop, and programming a program according to a milling cutter walking path to control the walking track of the heating metal rod so as to ensure that a heating area completely covers the milling cutter walking path;
step six, adjusting processing technological parameters such as heating current, preheating time, rotating speed, cutting speed, feeding amount and heating temperature according to the step four, starting a dynamometer, turning on a power switch, starting a milling machine to start milling after preheating for proper time, and collecting milling force and torque through the dynamometer in the milling process; the current of the whole milling process is controlled by adjusting a power supply through an industrial personal computer, so that the heating current is always kept in an optimal range;
and step seven, after the machining is finished, turning off a power supply, stopping the operation of the milling machine mainframe box, and stopping collecting the milling force and the torque.
In the fourth step, the rotating speed, the cutting speed and the feeding amount are set according to the actual cutting process, and the preheating time is set according to the volume of the heating workpiece and the heating temperature, wherein the heating temperature is approximately considered as:
Figure GDA0002412090520000021
wherein v iscAs cutting speed (m/min), αpThe depth of cut (mm) and f are the feed (mm/s).
In the fourth step, Matlab software is used for programming, parameters of the drill bit, resistivity of the workpiece and the drill bit material, feed rate and cutting depth are input to calculate heating resistance, and then heating current is calculated.
The novel electric heating auxiliary milling device and the method have the beneficial effects that:
(1) compared with other heating sources, such as laser, plasma and the like, the power supply for electrically heating the auxiliary milling has very low cost;
(2) the power supply rapidly heats the material in the deformation area through the metal heating rod, the heat efficiency is high, the walking track of the metal rod heating point can be set according to the walking path of the milling cutter, and the area to be heated is sufficiently heated and softened, so that the maximum processing efficiency is ensured;
(3) the system analyzes the numerical values provided by the ammeter and the voltmeter in real time, and adjusts the power supply 9 through the industrial personal computer 12, so that the processing current is always kept in the optimal range, and the processing precision and efficiency in the milling process are ensured;
(4) programming by utilizing Matlab software, and quickly obtaining the resistance value of the contact area by inputting the resistivity, the feed amount and the cutting depth of the milling cutter and the workpiece;
(5) the electric heating milling is carried out on conductive materials which are difficult to process, such as particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite materials, high-temperature alloys, titanium alloys and the like, so that the abrasion of a cutter can be greatly reduced, the processing quality is improved, and the processing efficiency is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic overall structure diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the heating resistance results calculated by Matlab programming in an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. the numerical control milling machine comprises a numerical control milling machine workbench, 2, a milling machine mainframe box, 3, a milling machine spindle, 4, a milling cutter, 5, a dynamometer, 6, an electric heating device, 61, a metal rod fixture, 62, a heating metal rod, 63, a conductive slip ring, 64, a sampling resistor, 65, a power supply, 66, an ammeter, 67 and an industrial personal computer.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides an electric heating auxiliary milling device, which comprises a numerical control milling machine workbench 1, a milling machine mainframe box 2, a milling machine spindle 3, a force measuring instrument 5 and an electric heating device 6, wherein the milling machine mainframe box 2 is arranged on the numerical control milling machine workbench 1, the milling machine spindle 3 is rotatably assembled at the output end of the milling machine mainframe box 2, a milling cutter 4 is fixedly installed at the lower side of the milling machine spindle 3 through a clamp, a workpiece positioned at the lower side of the milling cutter 4 is arranged on the numerical control milling machine workbench 1 through an insulator, and the output end of the force measuring instrument 5 is fixedly installed on the;
electric heater unit 6 is including heating metal rod 62, lead electrical slip ring 63, sampling resistor 64, power 65 and ampere meter 66, it installs the lateral wall at milling machine main shaft 3 through insulating sleeve to lead electrical slip ring 63, 2 output ends of milling machine mainframe box have heating metal rod 62 through metal rod fixture 61 fixed mounting, and heating metal rod 62 and milling cutter 4 adjacent setting, heating metal rod 62, lead electrical slip ring 63, sampling resistor 64, power 65, ampere meter 66 and work piece electricity in proper order connect, and power 65 and industrial computer 67 electricity are connected.
In the embodiment, the heating metal rod 62 is used for heating the area to be cut instead of the cutter, so that the temperature of the cutter is greatly reduced in the heating process, and the service life of the cutter is obviously prolonged; the diameter and the length of the heating metal rod 62 can be adjusted, different requirements of the size of a contact area of the heating metal rod 62 and a workpiece can be met, and the temperature of an area to be cut is fully ensured to be in an optimal temperature range; the insulation prevents current in the system from flowing to the load cell 5, burning the load cell 5 out.
The bottom end of the heated metal bar 62 contacts the workpiece.
In this embodiment, the heating metal rod 62 is adjusted to enable the heating metal rod 62 to lightly contact the surface of the workpiece, so that the phenomenon of sparking caused by contact between the tool and the workpiece at the moment of electrification and ablation of the tool due to overhigh temperature can be avoided.
The use method of the electric heating auxiliary milling device comprises the following steps:
firstly, insulating a workpiece and then installing the workpiece on a workbench 1 of a numerical control milling machine;
step two, installing the conductive slip ring 63 into an insulating sleeve, installing the conductive slip ring on the milling machine spindle 3 after insulation by an insulating material, and adjusting an installation gap;
thirdly, after the milling cutter 4 is clamped by the chuck, the milling cutter 4 and the chuck are installed in a milling machine spindle 3 together, and the position of the milling cutter 4 is adjusted;
selecting processing technological parameters through a numerical algorithm to obtain processing technological parameters such as heating current, preheating time, rotating speed, cutting speed, feeding amount and heating temperature;
fifthly, sequentially connecting the heating metal rod 62, the conductive slip ring 63, the sampling resistor 64, the power supply 65, the ammeter 66 and the workpiece in series, enabling the heating metal rod 62 to be in light contact with the surface of the workpiece to form a closed loop, and programming a program according to the walking path of the milling cutter 4 to control the walking track of the heating metal rod 62 so as to ensure that the heating area completely covers the walking path of the milling cutter 4;
step six, adjusting processing technological parameters such as heating current, preheating time, rotating speed, cutting speed, feeding amount and heating temperature according to the step four, starting the dynamometer 5, turning on a power supply 65 switch, starting the milling machine to start milling after preheating for proper time, and acquiring milling force and torque through the dynamometer 5 in the milling process; the current of the whole milling process is controlled by adjusting the power supply 65 through the industrial personal computer 67, so that the heating current is always kept in the optimal range;
in the embodiment, the workpiece is preheated for a certain time before milling, so that the temperature field of the workpiece is most beneficial to processing; the dynamometer 5 amplifies and processes the acquired voltage signal and displays the milling force and the torque.
And step seven, after the machining is finished, turning off the power supply 65, stopping the operation of the milling machine main case 2, and stopping collecting the milling force and the torque.
In the fourth step, the rotating speed, the cutting speed and the feeding amount are set according to the actual cutting process, and the preheating time is set according to the volume of the heating workpiece and the heating temperature, wherein the heating temperature is approximately considered as:
Figure GDA0002412090520000041
wherein v iscAs cutting speed (m/min), αpThe depth of cut (mm) and f are the feed (mm/s).
In this embodiment, the amount of heat generated during the electrically heated milling process is proportional to the duration of the current application and the current density.
And in the fourth step, programming is carried out by utilizing Matlab software, and parameters of the drill bit, resistivity, feed rate and cutting depth of the workpiece and the drill bit material are input to calculate the heating resistance so as to calculate the heating current.
In the embodiment, according to the characteristics of the metal cutting process, the heating resistor comprises three parts, namely a metal material resistor Rm and a contact resistor Rt formed by contact of a cutter and a chip peak point, wherein the three parts are an extension resistor Rs formed by change of current linear density and jointly form the whole heating resistor, the three resistors can be solved through a series of complex formulas, but the solving process is very complicated, and Matlab software is used for programming according to the corresponding formulas for calculation, so that only the parameters of a drill bit and the resistivity rho of a workpiece and the drill bit material are inputcFeed f and depth of cut αpThe heating resistance and thus the heating current were calculated, as shown in fig. 2.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (3)

1. The use method of the electric heating auxiliary milling device is characterized in that: the electric heating auxiliary milling device comprises a numerical control milling machine workbench, a milling machine mainframe box, a milling machine spindle, a dynamometer and an electric heating device, wherein the milling machine mainframe box is arranged on the numerical control milling machine workbench, the milling machine spindle is rotatably assembled at the output end of the milling machine mainframe box, a milling cutter is fixedly mounted on the lower side of the milling machine spindle through a clamp, a workpiece positioned on the lower side of the milling cutter is arranged on the numerical control milling machine workbench through an insulator, and the output end of the dynamometer is fixedly mounted on the workpiece through the insulator;
the electric heating device comprises a heating metal rod, a conductive slip ring, a sampling resistor, a power supply and an ammeter, the conductive slip ring is arranged on the outer side wall of the milling machine spindle through an insulating sleeve, the heating metal rod is fixedly arranged at the output end of the milling machine mainframe box through a metal rod fixture, the heating metal rod and the milling cutter are arranged adjacently, the heating metal rod, the conductive slip ring, the sampling resistor, the power supply, the ammeter and a workpiece are sequentially and electrically connected, and the power supply is electrically connected with the industrial personal computer;
the using method of the electric heating auxiliary milling device comprises the following steps:
firstly, insulating a workpiece and then installing the workpiece on a workbench of a numerical control milling machine;
mounting the conductive slip ring into an insulating sleeve, mounting the conductive slip ring onto a milling machine spindle after insulation of an insulating material, and adjusting a mounting gap;
thirdly, clamping the milling cutter by using a chuck, installing the milling cutter into a main shaft of the milling machine, and adjusting the position of the milling cutter;
selecting processing technological parameters through a numerical algorithm to obtain processing technological parameters such as heating current, preheating time, rotating speed, cutting speed, feeding amount and heating temperature;
step five, sequentially connecting a heating metal rod, a conductive slip ring, a sampling resistor, a power supply, a current meter and a workpiece in series, enabling the heating metal rod to be in light contact with the surface of the workpiece to form a closed loop, and programming a program according to a milling cutter walking path to control the walking track of the heating metal rod so as to ensure that a heating area completely covers the milling cutter walking path;
step six, adjusting processing technological parameters such as heating current, preheating time, rotating speed, cutting speed, feeding amount and heating temperature according to the step four, starting a dynamometer, turning on a power switch, starting a milling machine to start milling after preheating for proper time, and collecting milling force and torque through the dynamometer in the milling process; the current of the whole milling process is controlled by adjusting a power supply through an industrial personal computer, so that the heating current is always kept in an optimal range;
and step seven, after the machining is finished, turning off a power supply, stopping the operation of the milling machine mainframe box, and stopping collecting the milling force and the torque.
2. The method for using an electrically heated assisted milling apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: in the fourth step, the rotating speed, the cutting speed and the feeding amount are set according to the actual cutting process, and the preheating time is set according to the volume of the heating workpiece and the heating temperature, wherein the heating temperature is approximately considered as:
Figure FDA0002412090510000011
wherein v iscAs cutting speed (m/min), αpThe depth of cut (mm) and f are the feed (mm/s).
3. The method for using an electrically heated assisted milling apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: in the fourth step, Matlab software is used for programming, parameters of the drill bit, resistivity of the workpiece and the drill bit material, feed rate and cutting depth are input to calculate heating resistance, and then heating current is calculated.
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CN113333840A (en) * 2021-05-31 2021-09-03 西北工业大学 Heat-assisted milling device
CN115178780B (en) * 2022-09-08 2022-12-09 成都永峰科技有限公司 Aviation thin-wall part milling device
CN115383515A (en) * 2022-09-15 2022-11-25 沈阳航远航空技术有限公司 Electric heating auxiliary cutting system and method for online monitoring and adjusting cutter abrasion
CN117583655B (en) * 2024-01-18 2024-03-29 常州市福尔特工具有限公司 Efficient milling disc milling cutter for large-plane machining

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CN102430904A (en) * 2011-10-19 2012-05-02 哈尔滨工业大学 Auxiliary laser heating milling device and method
CN102861944B (en) * 2012-10-12 2016-03-02 厦门大学 For the electrified regulation servicing unit of Milling Process
KR101474708B1 (en) * 2013-03-27 2014-12-23 창원대학교 산학협력단 Laser-assisted Turn-Mill System of 5-axis Machining center
CN106216745B (en) * 2016-07-28 2018-07-24 哈尔滨工业大学 A kind of laser heating auxiliary milling attachment that can monitor tool wear in real time
CN107097072A (en) * 2017-04-18 2017-08-29 南京航空航天大学 A kind of induced with laser oxidation assist milling method and its device
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