CN109479767A - 一种泥鳅的生态养殖方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于泥鳅养殖技术领域,尤其是一种泥鳅的生态养殖方法,包括池塘选择、池塘消毒、栽培浮萍、投放鳅苗、投入饵料和种养管理共六个步骤,采用泥鳅和浮萍共生种养模式,进而提高泥鳅和浮萍的产量,尤其是在微生态制剂和浮萍的共同作用下,使得泥鳅的水体环境得到有效的改善,再配合有机饲料的使用,使得泥鳅的成活率大大提高,品质得到改善,经济效益显著。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及泥鳅养殖技术领域,尤其是一种泥鳅的生态养殖方法。
背景技术
泥鳅喜阴怕阳,是底层温水性鱼类,其肉质清淡细嫩,是低脂肪、高蛋白的水产品,具有“水中人参”之称,深受消费者的喜爱,然而在炎热的夏季,当水温上升到30℃以上时,泥鳅的食欲将明显下降,进而影响到泥鳅的正常生长,降低了泥鳅的产量和品质。
浮萍又称:青萍、田萍、浮萍草、水浮萍、水萍草,是浮萍科水面浮生植物,全草可作家畜和家禽的饲料,以带根全草入药,性寒,味辛,功能发汗透疹、清热利水,主治表邪发热、麻疹、水肿等症。
目前,泥鳅养殖效益的主要因素是泥鳅生长速度慢,饲料利用率低、泥鳅体质较弱,严重制约了泥鳅养殖业的健康发展,而浮萍宜于水田、池沼、湖泊生长,具有适应力强,繁殖能力强的特点;因此,本发明将泥鳅养殖和浮萍栽培相结合,实现互补效应,降低养殖成本,拓展泥鳅的养殖途径,促进泥鳅产业的发展,提高经济效益。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中存在的上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种泥鳅的生态养殖方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)池塘选择:选择面积为2.5-3.5亩,池底淤泥厚度为20-25cm的池塘;
(2)池塘消毒:清塘时将水放干,用生石灰兑水后泼洒消毒,再用清水冲掉生石灰水,放干池塘,然后将移动紫外灯放置在池内,并在上方用塑料薄膜封闭池塘,接通紫外灯的电源,消毒2~3h;1周后再次用紫外灯消毒2~3h;
(3)栽培浮萍:调整池塘水深为0.6-0.8m,静置10-15d后,向池塘水中加入微生态制剂,静置至少7d,再按照每亩2-4kg均匀撒入浮萍种子,培养30-40d;
(4)投放鳅苗:向池中投放鳅苗,按照每亩投放0.7-0.9万尾;
(5)投入饵料:采用泥鳅饲料进行投喂,日投饵3次,投饵量为泥鳅体重的5-10%;饲料中按照1-3%的比例添加中药;所述中药由白术、嗓枝、山楂、柿子叶、茶渣组成。
(6)种养管理:定期对浮萍进行打捞处理,浮萍所占体积≤池塘体积的1/3;定期巡塘,驱赶和杀灭入塘的蛙、鼠、蛇、鳝敌害,在低压闷热、雷暴天应防止池中缺氧。
所述鳅苗放养前用3-5%的食盐水浸浴8-10min。
所述泥鳅饲料包括以下重量百分比的原料:蛆粉20-30%、秸秆粉10-20%、豆粕10-20%、磷酸二氢钙3-5%、维生素C 0.1-0.5%,氯化胆碱1-3%、余量为鱼粉。
所述日投饵3次,分别为7:00-8:00,占日投饵量20-30%;12:00-13:00,占日投饵量的40-60%;19:00-20:00,占日投饵量的20-30%。
所述微生态制剂为菌含量不低于5×109CFU/g的乳酸菌、菌含量不低于1×1010CFU/g枯草芽孢杆菌、菌含量不低于2×109CFU/g的保加利亚乳杆菌和菌含量不低于2×109CFU/g的光合细菌。
所述白术、嗓枝、山楂、柿子叶、茶渣的质量比分别为1:(3-5):(0.1-0.3):(0.4-0.6):(2-4)。
有益效果
①通过抑制浮萍,实现浮萍与泥鳅的共生养殖模式,泥鳅的粪便能够为浮萍提供养分,而浮萍对能够吸收水体中高浓度的氮、磷营养元素,吸附水体中NO2、NO3、重金属等有害物质,从而改善泥鳅的生长环境。
②通过微生态制剂的使用,能够降解养殖过程中产生的有机物、氨氮以及亚硝酸等成分,维持藻相、菌相平衡,与浮萍形成协同之势,达到改善水质的目的,从而促进浮萍和泥鳅的生长。
③本发明采用的有机泥鳅饲料,安全无污染,有效的降低饲料成本,提高养殖效益,再配合中药成分的加入,有效的提高泥鳅的抵抗力,降低发病率,从而实现高产的目的。
④本发明养殖方法包括池塘选择、池塘消毒、栽培浮萍、投放鳅苗、投入饵料和种养管理共六个步骤,采用泥鳅和浮萍共生种养模式,进而提高泥鳅和浮萍的产量,尤其是在微生态制剂和浮萍的共同作用下,使得泥鳅的水体环境得到有效的改善,再配合有机饲料的使用,使得泥鳅的成活率大大提高,品质得到改善,经济效益显著。
具体实施方式
下面结核具体的实施方式来对本发明的技术方案做进一步的限定,但要求保护的范围不仅局限于所作的描述。
实施例1
一种泥鳅的生态养殖方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)池塘选择:选择面积为2.5亩,池底淤泥厚度为20cm的池塘;
(2)池塘消毒:清塘时将水放干,用生石灰兑水后泼洒消毒,再用清水冲掉生石灰水,放干池塘,然后将移动紫外灯放置在池内,并在上方用塑料薄膜封闭池塘,接通紫外灯的电源,消毒2h;1周后再次用紫外灯消毒2h;
(3)栽培浮萍:调整池塘水深为0.6m,静置10d后,向池塘水中加入微生态制剂,静置7d,再按照每亩2kg均匀撒入浮萍种子,培养30d;
(4)投放鳅苗:向池中投放鳅苗,按照每亩投放0.7万尾;
(5)投入饵料:采用泥鳅饲料进行投喂,日投饵3次,投饵量为泥鳅体重的5%;饲料中按照1%的比例添加中药;所述中药由白术、嗓枝、山楂、柿子叶、茶渣组成。
(6)种养管理:定期对浮萍进行打捞处理,浮萍所占体积≤池塘体积的1/3;定期巡塘,驱赶和杀灭入塘的蛙、鼠、蛇、鳝敌害,在低压闷热、雷暴天应防止池中缺氧。
所述鳅苗放养前用3%的食盐水浸浴8min。
所述泥鳅饲料包括以下重量百分比的原料:蛆粉20%、秸秆粉10%、豆粕10%、磷酸二氢钙3%、维生素C 0.1%,氯化胆碱1%、余量为鱼粉。
所述日投饵3次,分别为7:00-8:00,占日投饵量20%;12:00-13:00,占日投饵量的60%;19:00-20:00,占日投饵量的20%。
所述微生态制剂为菌含量不低于5×109CFU/g的乳酸菌、菌含量不低于1×1010CFU/g枯草芽孢杆菌、菌含量不低于2×109CFU/g的保加利亚乳杆菌和菌含量不低于2×109CFU/g的光合细菌。
所述白术、嗓枝、山楂、柿子叶、茶渣的质量比分别为1:3:0.1:0.4:(2-4)。
实施例2
一种泥鳅的生态养殖方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)池塘选择:选择面积为3.5亩,池底淤泥厚度为25cm的池塘;
(2)池塘消毒:清塘时将水放干,用生石灰兑水后泼洒消毒,再用清水冲掉生石灰水,放干池塘,然后将移动紫外灯放置在池内,并在上方用塑料薄膜封闭池塘,接通紫外灯的电源,消毒3h;1周后再次用紫外灯消毒3h;
(3)栽培浮萍:调整池塘水深为0.8m,静置15d后,向池塘水中加入微生态制剂,静置14d,再按照每亩4kg均匀撒入浮萍种子,培养40d;
(4)投放鳅苗:向池中投放鳅苗,按照每亩投放0.9万尾;
(5)投入饵料:采用泥鳅饲料进行投喂,日投饵3次,投饵量为泥鳅体重的10%;饲料中按照3%的比例添加中药;所述中药由白术、嗓枝、山楂、柿子叶、茶渣组成。
(6)种养管理:定期对浮萍进行打捞处理,浮萍所占体积≤池塘体积的1/3;定期巡塘,驱赶和杀灭入塘的蛙、鼠、蛇、鳝敌害,在低压闷热、雷暴天应防止池中缺氧。
所述鳅苗放养前用5%的食盐水浸浴10min。
所述泥鳅饲料包括以下重量百分比的原料:蛆粉30%、秸秆粉20%、豆粕20%、磷酸二氢钙5%、维生素C 0.5%,氯化胆碱3%、余量为鱼粉。
所述日投饵3次,分别为7:00-8:00,占日投饵量30%;12:00-13:00,占日投饵量的40%;19:00-20:00,占日投饵量的30%。
所述微生态制剂为菌含量不低于5×109CFU/g的乳酸菌、菌含量不低于1×1010CFU/g枯草芽孢杆菌、菌含量不低于2×109CFU/g的保加利亚乳杆菌和菌含量不低于2×109CFU/g的光合细菌。
所述白术、嗓枝、山楂、柿子叶、茶渣的质量比分别为1:5:0.3:0.6:4。
实施例3
一种泥鳅的生态养殖方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)池塘选择:选择面积为3亩,池底淤泥厚度为22cm的池塘;
(2)池塘消毒:清塘时将水放干,用生石灰兑水后泼洒消毒,再用清水冲掉生石灰水,放干池塘,然后将移动紫外灯放置在池内,并在上方用塑料薄膜封闭池塘,接通紫外灯的电源,消毒2.5h;1周后再次用紫外灯消毒2h;
(3)栽培浮萍:调整池塘水深为0.7m,静置12d后,向池塘水中加入微生态制剂,静置10d,再按照每亩2.5kg均匀撒入浮萍种子,培养35d;
(4)投放鳅苗:向池中投放鳅苗,按照每亩投放0.8万尾;
(5)投入饵料:采用泥鳅饲料进行投喂,日投饵3次,投饵量为泥鳅体重的6%;饲料中按照2%的比例添加中药;所述中药由白术、嗓枝、山楂、柿子叶、茶渣组成。
(6)种养管理:定期对浮萍进行打捞处理,浮萍所占体积≤池塘体积的1/3;定期巡塘,驱赶和杀灭入塘的蛙、鼠、蛇、鳝敌害,在低压闷热、雷暴天应防止池中缺氧。
所述鳅苗放养前用4%的食盐水浸浴10min。
所述泥鳅饲料包括以下重量百分比的原料:蛆粉25%、秸秆粉15%、豆粕15%、磷酸二氢钙5%、维生素C 0.3%,氯化胆碱2%、余量为鱼粉。
所述日投饵3次,分别为7:00-8:00,占日投饵量25%;12:00-13:00,占日投饵量的50%;19:00-20:00,占日投饵量的25%。
所述微生态制剂为菌含量不低于5×109CFU/g的乳酸菌、菌含量不低于1×1010CFU/g枯草芽孢杆菌、菌含量不低于2×109CFU/g的保加利亚乳杆菌和菌含量不低于2×109CFU/g的光合细菌。
所述白术、嗓枝、山楂、柿子叶、茶渣的质量比分别为1:4:0.2:0.5:3。
试验例1
试验组以实施例1-3组的养殖方法,试验组A采用同实施例1相同的技术方案,区别
在于,未使用微生态制剂;实验组B采用同实施例2相同的技术方案,区别在于,饲料中未添
加中药;对照组C采用常规浮萍栽培方法;对照组D采用常规的池塘泥鳅养殖方法;对三种模
式养殖的泥鳅和浮萍养殖情况进行统计,结果如下表1:
组别 | 泥鳅增产率 | 泥鳅成活率% | 饵料系数 | 香蒲增产率% |
实施例1 | 12.5 | 83.4 | 1.4 | 6.7 |
实施例2 | 13.4 | 82.6 | 1.4 | 5.4 |
实施例3 | 21.7 | 94.7 | 1.2 | 8.9 |
试验组A | 9.3 | 68.4 | 1.5 | 4.2 |
试验组B | 6.8 | 62.3 | 1.5 | - |
对照组C | - | - | - | 0 |
对照组D | 0 | 56.9 | 1.6 | - |
泥鳅增产率=(试验组泥鳅亩产量-对照组D泥鳅亩产量)×100%
浮萍增产率=(试验组浮萍亩产量-对照组C浮萍亩产量)×100%
表1中结果可知,采用本发明泥鳅和浮萍共生养殖,能够明显提高泥鳅的产量和浮萍产量,此外,还能提高泥鳅的存活率;以实施例3养殖方法经济效益最为显著,泥鳅增产率达到21.7%,成活率达到94.7%,饵料系数为1.2,浮萍增产率为8.9%。
在此有必要指出的是,以上实施例和试验例仅限于对本发明的技术方案做进一步的阐述和理解,不能理解为对本发明的技术方案做进一步的限定,本领域技术人员作出的非突出实质性特征和显著进步的发明创造,仍然属于本发明的保护范畴。
Claims (6)
1.一种泥鳅的生态养殖方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)池塘选择:选择面积为2.5-3.5亩,池底淤泥厚度为20-25cm的池塘;
(2)池塘消毒:清塘时将水放干,用生石灰兑水后泼洒消毒,再用清水冲掉生石灰水,放干池塘,然后将移动紫外灯放置在池内,并在上方用塑料薄膜封闭池塘,接通紫外灯的电源,消毒2~3h;1周后再次用紫外灯消毒2~3h;
(3)栽培浮萍:调整池塘水深为0.6-0.8m,静置10-15d后,向池塘水中加入微生态制剂,静置至少7d,再按照每亩2-4kg均匀撒入浮萍种子,培养30-40d;
(4)投放鳅苗:向池中投放鳅苗,按照每亩投放0.7-0.9万尾;
(5)投入饵料:采用泥鳅饲料进行投喂,日投饵3次,投饵量为泥鳅体重的5-10%;饲料中按照1-3%的比例添加中药;所述中药由白术、嗓枝、山楂、柿子叶、茶渣组成。
(6)种养管理:定期对浮萍进行打捞处理,浮萍所占体积≤池塘体积的1/3;定期巡塘,驱赶和杀灭入塘的蛙、鼠、蛇、鳝敌害,在低压闷热、雷暴天应防止池中缺氧。
2.如权利要求1所述泥鳅的生态养殖方法,其特征在于,所述鳅苗放养前用3-5%的食盐水浸浴8-10min。
3.如权利要求1所述泥鳅的生态养殖方法,其特征在于,所述泥鳅饲料包括以下重量百分比的原料:蛆粉20-30%、秸秆粉10-20%、豆粕10-20%、磷酸二氢钙3-5%、维生素C 0.1-0.5%,氯化胆碱1-3%、余量为鱼粉。
4.如权利要求1所述泥鳅的生态养殖方法,其特征在于,所述日投饵3次,分别为7:00-8:00,占日投饵量20-30%;12:00-13:00,占日投饵量的40-60%;19:00-20:00,占日投饵量的20-30%。
5.如权利要求1所述泥鳅的生态养殖方法,其特征在于,所述微生态制剂为菌含量不低于5×109CFU/g的乳酸菌、菌含量不低于1×1010CFU/g枯草芽孢杆菌、菌含量不低于2×109CFU/g的保加利亚乳杆菌和菌含量不低于2×109CFU/g的光合细菌。
6.如权利要求1所述泥鳅的生态养殖方法,其特征在于,所述白术、嗓枝、山楂、柿子叶、茶渣的质量比分别为1:(3-5):(0.1-0.3):(0.4-0.6):(2-4)。
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