CN109478929B - Frequency spectrum detection device and detection method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a spectrum detection device, which comprises a local oscillator laser, a phase modulator, a first polarization splitter, a second polarization splitter, a first optical coupler, a second optical coupler, a receiver, a power detector and a controller, wherein the first polarization splitter and the second polarization splitter respectively split light to be detected and local oscillator modulated light, then the split light to be detected and the split light to be local oscillator modulated light are respectively input into the first optical coupler and the second optical coupler to be coherent to obtain input light output to the receiver, the receiver converts an input optical signal into an electrical signal and outputs the electrical signal to the power detector, the power detector detects the power of the received electrical signal, and the controller calculates the power of the light to be detected according to the detection result of the power detector. The spectrum detection device of the embodiment of the invention only performs one-time light splitting on coherent light, has less light power dispersion and further has low requirement on the sensitivity of devices.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical communication, in particular to a frequency spectrum detection device and a frequency spectrum detection method.
Background
In a Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) system, multiple different wavelengths can carry information in the same optical fiber and propagate the information at the same time. As the capacity of the transmission system increases, the spacing between wavelengths is further compressed, and thus the crosstalk between adjacent channels increases, especially in the case of power imbalance between adjacent wavelengths, which is more significant. In order to solve the above problem, the signal spectrum is detected to obtain the power of each channel, so as to equalize the power of the channels and further reduce the crosstalk between the channels.
The method for detecting the signal spectrum generally comprises a conventional method for detecting the spectrum by a spectrometer and a method for detecting the spectrum based on the principle of a coherent receiver. Conventional spectrometers are not suitable for use in communication systems due to their bulkiness and high price. The spectrum detection method based on the coherent receiver principle is based on the spectrum shifting principle of coherent reception, spectrum information is shifted to a radio frequency spectrum through the coherent principle, and then the radio frequency spectrum is detected, so that the spectrum information is restored. At present, a spectrum detection device based on a coherent receiving principle has higher sensitivity on a receiver and a power detection device.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a spectrum detection apparatus and a detection method that require lower sensitivity for a receiver and a power detection device.
In order to achieve the above object, the embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions:
in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a spectrum sensing apparatus, including: the device comprises a local oscillator laser, a phase modulator, a first polarization splitter, a second polarization splitter, a first optical coupler, a second optical coupler, a receiver, a power detector and a controller;
the local oscillator laser, the phase modulator and the second polarization splitter are sequentially connected, the second polarization splitter and the first polarization splitter are respectively connected with the first optical coupler and the second optical coupler, the first optical coupler and the second optical coupler are connected with the receiver, and the receiver, the power detector and the controller are sequentially connected;
the first optical coupler is used for carrying out coherence on the first light to be coherent and the third light to be coherent to obtain a first input light and a second input light which are output to the receiver, the second optical coupler is used for carrying out coherence on the second light to be coherent and the fourth light to be coherent to obtain a third input light and a fourth input light which are output to the receiver, and the receiver is used for converting an input optical signal into an electric signal which is output to the power detector, the power detector is used for carrying out power detection on the received electric signals, and the controller is used for calculating the power of the light to be detected according to the detection result of the power detector. Therefore, compared with the existing spectrum detection device which performs multiple light splitting on coherent light, the spectrum detection device only performs one light splitting on the coherent light, the light power dispersion is less, and the requirement on the sensitivity of the device is low.
In some possible implementations, the receiver includes a first balanced receiver and a second balanced receiver, wherein the first optical coupler is connected to the first balanced receiver, the second optical coupler is connected to the second balanced receiver, the first input light and the second input light are output to the first balanced receiver, and the third input light and the fourth input light are output to the second balanced receiver.
In some possible implementations, the power detector includes a first power detector and a second power detector, where the first balanced receiver is connected to the first power detector, the second balanced receiver is connected to the second power detector, and the first power detector and the second power detector are connected to the controller, the first balanced receiver is configured to convert the input first input light and the input second input light into a first electrical signal output to the first power detector, the first power detector is configured to perform power detection on the first electrical signal, the second balanced receiver is configured to convert the input third input light and the input fourth input light into a second electrical signal output to the second power detector, and the second power detector is configured to perform power detection on the second electrical signal.
In some possible implementations, the phase modulation is a periodic phase modulation of the phase difference X, and X has a value in a range of 80 ° to 100 °.
In some possible implementations, the polarization state of the local oscillator modulated light is aligned with the polarization direction of the second polarization splitter to ensure equal splitting.
In some possible implementations, the bandwidth of the receiver is smaller than the bandwidth of the light to be detected, and a low-cost spectrum monitoring module can be realized.
In some possible implementations, the detection time of the power detector is an integer multiple of the period of the phase modulation. Therefore, the detection time of the power detector is integral multiple of the period of phase modulation, the phase of the local oscillator light completes one-time phase exchange, and the influence of phase uncertainty is eliminated.
In some possible implementations, the phase modulators are synchronized and drive controlled by a controller.
In some possible implementations, the controller calculates the power of the light to be detected according to a formula and a detection result of the power detector;
the formula is as follows:
P(ω)＝A×Ps(ω)·PLO(ω)
wherein, P (omega) is the total output power of the receiver, and Ps is the optical power to be detected; pLOIs the local oscillator laser power; ω is the spectral frequency of the light to be detected and A is the power coefficient.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a detection method, where a spectrum detection apparatus includes a local oscillator laser, a phase modulator, a first polarization splitter, a second polarization splitter, a first optical coupler, a second optical coupler, a receiver, a power detector, and a controller, and includes:
the first polarization splitter divides input light to be detected into first light to be coherent and second light to be coherent, and outputs the first light to be coherent and the second light to be coherent to the first optical coupler and the second optical coupler respectively;
the phase modulator performs phase modulation on light emitted by the local oscillator light laser to obtain local oscillator modulated light;
the second polarization splitter divides the local oscillation modulated light into third to-be-coherent light and fourth to-be-coherent light, and respectively outputs the third to-be-coherent light and the fourth to-be-coherent light to the first optical coupler and the second optical coupler;
the first optical coupler is used for carrying out coherence on the first light to be coherent and the third light to be coherent to obtain first input light and second input light which are output to the receiver, and the second optical coupler is used for carrying out coherence on the second light to be coherent and the fourth light to be coherent to obtain third input light and fourth input light which are output to the receiver;
the receiver converts the input optical signal into an electric signal output to the power detector, the power detector detects the power of the electric signal, and the controller calculates the power of the light to be detected according to the detection result of the power detector.
These and other aspects of the invention are apparent from and will be elucidated with reference to the embodiments described hereinafter.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a spectrum sensing apparatus provided in the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of the detection method provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of a portion of the invention and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terms "first," "second," "third," and "fourth," and the like, as used herein, are used for distinguishing between different objects and not necessarily for describing a particular order, quantity, or importance. Similarly, the use of the terms "a," "an," or "the" do not denote a limitation of quantity, but rather are used to denote the presence of at least one. The word "comprising" or "comprises", and the like, means that the element or item preceding the word covers the element or item listed after the word and its equivalents, but does not exclude other elements or items. The terms "connected" or "coupled," and the like, are not restricted to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "upper", "lower", "left", "right", and the like are used merely to indicate relative positional relationships, and when the absolute position of the object being described is changed, the relative positional relationships may also be changed accordingly.
In the embodiments of the present invention, "upper" and "lower" refer to the order of preparing the film layers, for example, an upper film or pattern refers to a film or pattern formed later, and a lower film or pattern refers to a film or pattern formed earlier. The thickness of layers or regions in the drawings are exaggerated for clarity and are not drawn on scale. When an element such as a layer, film, region, or substrate is referred to as being "on" another element, it can be "directly on" the other element or intervening elements may be present.
Reference herein to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of the invention. The appearances of the phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by one skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.
Hereinafter, some terms in the present application are explained to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art.
1) A Polarization Beam Splitter (PBS) is a device that equally divides a linear light beam into two light beams. The polarization angle of the incident light needs to be equal to the bisection angle to the PBS to bisect the light.
2) The optical Coupler (Coupler), also called Splitter (Splitter), is an optical device that is constructed by utilizing the mutual exchange of guided wave energy in the core region of optical fibers adjacent to different optical fiber surfaces, and realizes the distribution or combination of optical signal power among different optical fibers.
3) The receiver is a device which converts a weak optical signal sent by an optical fiber into an electrical signal, and restores the electrical signal to an original pulse code modulation signal after the electrical signal is amplified and the like.
4) Phase (phase) is the position in its cycle for a wave at a particular instant: a scale of whether it is at a peak, trough, or some point in between.
5) The coherent light is light which is obtained by coherent two beams of light with the same frequency, the same vibration direction and constant phase difference.
6) "plurality" means two or more. "and/or" describes the association relationship of the associated objects, meaning that there may be three relationships, e.g., a and/or B, which may mean: a exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. The character "/" generally indicates that the former and latter associated objects are in an "or" relationship.
Embodiments of the present application are described below with reference to the drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, in which fig. 1 is a spectrum sensing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, including: the optical receiver comprises a local oscillator laser 10 with tunable wavelength, a phase modulator 20, a first polarization splitter 32, a second polarization splitter 31, a first optical coupler 41, a second optical coupler 42, a receiver 50, a power detector 60 and a controller 70, wherein the local oscillator laser 10, the phase modulator 20 and the second polarization splitter 31 are sequentially connected, the second polarization splitter 31 and the first polarization splitter 32 are respectively connected with the first optical coupler 42 and the second optical coupler 41, the first optical coupler 42 and the second optical coupler 41 are connected with the receiver 50, and the receiver 50, the power detector 60 and the controller 70 are sequentially connected; the first optical coupler 42 is used for coherent processing of the first to-be-coherent light and the third to-be-coherent light to obtain a first coherent light and a second coherent light, the second optical coupler 41 is used for coherent processing of the second to-be-coherent light and the fourth to-be-coherent light to obtain a third coherent light and a fourth coherent light to be output to the receiver 50, the receiver 50 is configured to convert an input optical signal into an electrical signal output to the power detector 60, the power detector 60 is configured to perform power detection on the received electrical signal, and the controller 70 is configured to calculate the power of the light to be detected according to the detection result of the power detector 60. Compared with the existing spectrum detection device which performs multiple light splitting on coherent light, the spectrum detection device only performs one-time light splitting on the coherent light, the light power dispersion is less, the requirement on the sensitivity of a device is low, and the spectrum detection device is simple in structure and high in integration.
In addition, after the secondary detection is completed, the controller 70 sends an instruction to control the local oscillator light wavelength sent by the local oscillator laser to change to the next frequency to be detected, and then performs the receiving end power detection at the next frequency to be detected.
Optionally, the receiver 50 includes a first balanced receiver 52 and a second balanced receiver 51, wherein the first optical coupler 42 is connected to the first balanced receiver 52, the second optical coupler 41 is connected to the second balanced receiver 51, the first input light and the second input light are output to the first balanced receiver 52, and the third input light and the fourth input light are output to the second balanced receiver 51.
Optionally, the power detector 60 includes a first power detector 62 and a second power detector 61, wherein the first balanced receiver 52 is connected to the first power detector 62, the second balanced receiver 51 is connected to the second power detector 61, the first balanced receiver 52 is configured to convert the input first input light and the input second input light into a first electrical signal output to the first power detector 62, the first power detector 62 is configured to perform power detection on the first electrical signal, the second balanced receiver 51 is configured to convert the input third input light and the input fourth input light into a second electrical signal output to the second power detector 61, and the second power detector 61 is configured to perform power detection on the second electrical signal.
Optionally, the phase modulation is periodic phase modulation of a phase difference X, a value range of X is 80 ° to 100 °, and an optimal scheme is adopted when the phase difference X is 90 °.
Alternatively, the first and second optical couplers 42 and 41 are 3db optical couplers. 3dB represents the signal strength loss, and 3dB is 50%, which means that the optical signal is divided into two beams of light with equal strength after passing through a 3dB optical coupler.
Optionally, in order to ensure equal splitting, the polarization state of the local oscillator modulated light needs to be aligned with the polarization direction of the second polarization splitter.
Optionally, the bandwidth of the receiver 50 is smaller than the bandwidth of the light to be detected. Because the invention uses low bandwidth devices, a low cost spectral monitoring module can be realized.
Alternatively, the detection time of the power detector 60 is an integer multiple of the period of the phase modulation. It can be seen that the detection time of the power detector 60 is an integral multiple of the period of the phase modulation, and the phase of the local oscillator light completes one phase exchange, thereby eliminating the influence of phase uncertainty. In this case, the detection time of the power detector 60 may be sufficiently long to reduce the error due to the phase uncertainty.
Alternatively, the phase modulator 20 is synchronized and drive controlled by the controller 70.
Alternatively, the controller 70 calculates the power of the light to be detected according to a formula and the detection result of the power detector 60;
the formula is:
P(ω)＝A×Ps(ω)·PLO(ω)
wherein P (ω) is the total output power of the receiver 50, and Ps is the optical power to be detected; pLOIs the local oscillator laser power; ω is the spectral frequency of the light to be detected, a is the power coefficient, a is related to the bandwidth of the receiver 50, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photodetector, and the performance of the power detection device. The power of a single detection is the average power in the time of the detection.
Wherein, PLOIt is the local oscillator laser power that is a known quantity, so after the total output power P (ω) of the receiver 50 (i.e. the total output power of the first balanced receiver 52 and the second balanced receiver 51 in fig. 1) is measured by the power detector 60, the power of the light to be detected at the local oscillator optical frequency can be calculated by the above formula. In addition, the frequency range of the optical signal to be measured is continuously scanned through the frequency of the local oscillator light, and the total output power of the two balanced receivers is detected when the local oscillator light wavelength is scanned to one frequency, so that the power of the optical signal to be measured at the frequency is converted according to the formula. Thereby restoring the spectrum of the light signal to be measured.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a detection method provided by the present invention, which is applied to the spectrum detection apparatus, where the spectrum detection apparatus includes a local oscillator laser, a phase modulator, a first polarization splitter, a second polarization splitter, a first optical coupler, a second optical coupler, a receiver, a power detector, and a controller, and specifically includes the following steps:
s201, the first polarization splitter splits input light to be detected into first light to be coherent and second light to be coherent, and outputs the first light to be coherent and the second light to be coherent to the first optical coupler and the second optical coupler, respectively.
S202, the phase modulator performs phase modulation on the light emitted by the local oscillation light laser to obtain local oscillation modulated light.
S203, the second polarization splitter splits the local oscillation modulated light into third to-be-coherent light and fourth to-be-coherent light, and outputs the third to-be-coherent light and the fourth to-be-coherent light to the first optical coupler and the second optical coupler, respectively.
And S204, the first optical coupler performs coherence on the first light to be coherent and the third light to be coherent to obtain first input light and second input light which are output to the receiver.
S205, the second optical coupler performs coherence on the second to-be-coherent light and the fourth to-be-coherent light to obtain a third input light and a fourth input light output to the receiver.
S206, the receiver converts the input optical signal into an electric signal output to the power detector, and the power detector performs power detection on the electric signal.
And S207, the controller calculates the power of the light to be detected according to the detection result of the power detector.
Optionally, the receiver includes a first balanced receiver and a second balanced receiver, the power detector includes a first power detector and a second power detector, and the specific implementation manner of the step S206 is as follows: the first balanced receiver converts the first input light and the second input light input thereto into a first electrical signal output to the first power detector; the first power detector performs power detection on the first electrical signal; the second balanced receiver converts the third input light and the fourth input light that are input into a second electrical signal that is output to the second power detector; the second power detector performs power detection on the second electrical signal.
Optionally, the specific implementation manner of step S207 above is: the controller calculates the power of the light to be detected according to a formula and a detection result of the power detector;
the formula is:
P(ω)＝A×Ps(ω)·PLO(ω)
wherein P (ω) is the total output power of the receiver (i.e. the sum of the powers detected by the first power detector and the second power detector), and Ps is the optical power to be detected;the P isLOIs the local oscillator laser power; and omega is the spectral frequency of the light to be detected, and A is a power coefficient.
Further, after each detection is completed, the controller of the spectrum detection apparatus sends an instruction to control the local oscillator optical wavelength sent by the local oscillator laser to change to the next frequency to be detected, and then the spectrum detection apparatus repeats the processes of the steps S201 to S207, and so on, so as to restore the spectrum of the optical signal to be detected.
It should be noted that, because the spectrum sensing apparatus is the spectrum sensing apparatus disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention, the connection relationship between modules included in the spectrum sensing apparatus and the definition of each module may refer to the related description of the above embodiment, and are not described herein again. It should be understood that the detection method provided by the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the structure of the spectrum detection apparatus disclosed in fig. 1, and other structures of the spectrum detection apparatus similar to or capable of implementing the detection method are all applicable to the embodiment of the present invention.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A spectrum sensing apparatus, comprising: the device comprises a local oscillator laser, a phase modulator, a first polarization splitter, a second polarization splitter, a first optical coupler, a second optical coupler, a receiver, a power detector and a controller;
the local oscillator laser, the phase modulator and the second polarization splitter are sequentially connected, the second polarization splitter and the first polarization splitter are respectively connected with the first optical coupler and the second optical coupler, the first optical coupler and the second optical coupler are connected with the receiver, and the receiver, the power detector and the controller are sequentially connected;
the first polarization splitter is configured to split input light to be detected into first light to be coherent and second light to be coherent, and output the first light to be coherent and the second light to be coherent to the first optical coupler and the second optical coupler respectively;
the phase modulator is used for performing phase modulation on the light emitted by the local oscillator light laser to obtain local oscillator modulated light;
the second polarization splitter is configured to split the local oscillator modulated light into third to-be-coherent light and fourth to-be-coherent light, and output the third to-be-coherent light and the fourth to-be-coherent light to the first optical coupler and the second optical coupler respectively;
the first optical coupler is configured to perform coherence on the first to-be-coherent light and the third to-be-coherent light to obtain first input light and second input light which are output to the receiver;
the second optical coupler is configured to perform coherence on the second to-be-coherent light and the fourth to-be-coherent light to obtain third input light and fourth input light which are output to the receiver;
the receiver is used for converting an input optical signal into an electric signal output to the power detector;
the power detector is used for carrying out power detection on the electric signal;
the controller is used for calculating the power of the light to be detected according to the detection result of the power detector;
the bandwidth of the receiver is smaller than the bandwidth of the light to be detected.
2. The spectrum detection apparatus of claim 1, wherein the receiver comprises a first balanced receiver and a second balanced receiver, wherein the first optical coupler is connected to the first balanced receiver, wherein the second optical coupler is connected to the second balanced receiver, wherein the first input light and the second input light are output to the first balanced receiver, and wherein the third input light and the fourth input light are output to the second balanced receiver.
3. Spectrum detection apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said power detector comprises a first power detector and a second power detector, wherein the first balanced receiver is coupled to the first power detector and the second balanced receiver is coupled to the second power detector, the first power detector and the second power detector are connected to the controller, the first balanced receiver is configured to convert the first input light and the second input light into a first electrical signal output to the first power detector, the first power detector is configured to perform power detection on the first electrical signal, the second balanced receiver is configured to convert the input third input light and the input fourth input light into a second electrical signal output to the second power detector, and the second power detector is configured to perform power detection on the second electrical signal.
4. The spectrum sensing device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the phase modulation is a periodic phase modulation of a phase difference X, and wherein X has a value in the range of 80 ° to 100 °.
5. The spectrum detection device according to claim 4, wherein the polarization state of the local oscillator modulated light is aligned with the polarization direction of the second polarization splitter.
6. The spectrum detecting apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the detection time of said power detector is an integer multiple of the period of said phase modulation.
7. Spectrum detection apparatus according to claim 5 or 6, wherein said phase modulator is synchronized and drive-controlled by said controller.
8. The spectrum detecting apparatus according to claim 7, wherein said controller calculates the power of said light to be detected based on a formula and a detection result of said power detector;
the formula is:
P(ω)＝A×Ps(ω)·PLO(ω)
wherein, P (ω) is the total output power of the receiver, and Ps is the optical power to be detected; the P isLOIs the local oscillator laser power; and omega is the spectral frequency of the light to be detected, and A is a power coefficient.
9. A detection method, the frequency spectrum detection device includes local oscillator laser, phase modulator, first polarization splitter, second polarization splitter, first optical coupler, second optical coupler, receiver, power detector and controller, its characteristic lies in, includes:
the first polarization splitter divides input light to be detected into first light to be coherent and second light to be coherent, and outputs the first light to be coherent and the second light to be coherent to the first optical coupler and the second optical coupler respectively;
the phase modulator is used for carrying out phase modulation on the light emitted by the local oscillator light laser to obtain local oscillator modulated light;
the second polarization splitter splits the local oscillation modulated light into third to-be-coherent light and fourth to-be-coherent light, and outputs the third to-be-coherent light and the fourth to-be-coherent light to the first optical coupler and the second optical coupler respectively;
the first optical coupler performs coherence on the first light to be coherent and the third light to be coherent to obtain first input light and second input light which are output to the receiver, and the second optical coupler performs coherence on the second light to be coherent and the fourth light to be coherent to obtain third input light and fourth input light which are output to the receiver;
the receiver converts an input optical signal into an electric signal output to the power detector, the power detector performs power detection on the electric signal, and the controller calculates the power of the light to be detected according to a detection result of the power detector;
the bandwidth of the receiver is smaller than the bandwidth of the light to be detected.
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| PCT/CN2016/089617 WO2018010058A1 (en) | 2016-07-11 | 2016-07-11 | Spectrum detection device and method |
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| CN100477562C (en) * | 2005-08-04 | 2009-04-08 | 上海交通大学 | Method for monitoring optical signal in optical transmission system |
| CN101588218B (en) * | 2008-05-21 | 2013-06-05 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Device and method for realizing optical power detection through balanced receiver |
| US8805206B2 (en) * | 2010-09-29 | 2014-08-12 | Ciena Corporation | Single pin coherent receiver |
| CN104168068B (en) * | 2013-05-16 | 2018-08-14 | 爱斯福公司 | The method and system that common-mode rejection ratio for integrating coherent receiver characterizes |
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| EP3113390B1 (en) * | 2014-03-27 | 2019-05-08 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Device and method for monitoring optical performance parameter, and optical transmission system |
| US9825698B2 (en) * | 2014-12-09 | 2017-11-21 | Viavi Solutions Inc. | Determining in-band optical signal-to-noise ratio in polarization-multiplexed optical signals using signal correlations |
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