CN109478716B - Antenna with a shield - Google Patents

Antenna with a shield Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109478716B
CN109478716B CN201680087959.0A CN201680087959A CN109478716B CN 109478716 B CN109478716 B CN 109478716B CN 201680087959 A CN201680087959 A CN 201680087959A CN 109478716 B CN109478716 B CN 109478716B
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antenna
metal
copper clad
feed
substrate
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CN109478716A (en
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张传安
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure

Abstract

An embodiment of the present invention provides an antenna, including: the radiator is positioned above the feed body; the radiator comprises a first substrate, a first copper clad layer and a second copper clad layer, wherein the first copper clad layer and the second copper clad layer are respectively arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the first substrate; the feed body comprises a second substrate, and a third copper clad layer and a fourth copper clad layer which are respectively arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the second substrate; at least one first feeding gap is arranged on the second copper clad layer, and a second feeding gap corresponding to the first feeding gap is arranged on the third copper clad layer; the second feed gap feeds power to the radiator through the corresponding first feed gap; each second feed gap is correspondingly provided with two groups of metal through holes penetrating through the first substrate from top to bottom, the two groups of metal through holes are respectively positioned at two sides of the second feed gap, each second feed gap is taken as a symmetry axis, and the symmetrical projection of one group of metal through holes in the two groups of metal through holes at the opposite side and the other group of metal through holes have an overlapping area. Thereby avoiding or reducing side lobes of the antenna.

Description

Antenna with a shield
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to an antenna.
Background
The antenna is used as a carrier for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves, and is an essential part of any complete communication system.
The antenna in the prior art includes: a radiator and a feed electrically connected; the radiator comprises a substrate and copper clad layers respectively arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the substrate, wherein the copper clad layer arranged on the upper surface of the substrate comprises antenna units, microstrip lines and the like used for connecting the antenna units, and the copper clad layer arranged on the lower surface of the substrate is used for grounding; the feeder comprises a substrate and copper clad layers respectively arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the substrate, wherein the copper clad layer arranged on the upper surface of the substrate is used for feeding power to the radiator, and the copper clad layer arranged on the lower surface of the substrate is used for grounding.
However, when the feeder feeds power to the radiator in the prior art, the problem that the side lobe is high due to the electromagnetic wave leaking to the outside exists.
Disclosure of Invention
The problem that a side lobe is high due to the fact that electromagnetic waves are leaked outwards when a feed body feeds electricity to a radiating body in the prior art is solved. The embodiment of the invention provides an antenna.
The embodiment of the invention provides an antenna, so that the side lobe of the whole antenna can be avoided or reduced.
An embodiment of the present invention provides an antenna, including: the radiator is positioned above the feed body; the radiator includes: the copper clad laminate comprises a first substrate, a first copper clad layer and a second copper clad layer, wherein the first copper clad layer is arranged on the upper surface of the first substrate, and the second copper clad layer is arranged on the lower surface of the first substrate; the feeder includes: the second substrate, a third copper clad laminate arranged on the upper surface of the second substrate and a fourth copper clad laminate arranged on the lower surface of the second substrate; at least one first feeding gap is arranged on the second copper clad layer, and a second feeding gap corresponding to the first feeding gap is arranged on the third copper clad layer; the second feed gap feeds power to the radiator through the corresponding first feed gap;
each second feed gap is correspondingly provided with two groups of metal through holes penetrating through the first substrate from top to bottom, the two groups of metal through holes are respectively positioned at two sides of each second feed gap, each second feed gap is taken as a symmetry axis, and the symmetrical projection of one group of metal through holes in the two groups of metal through holes at the opposite side and the other group of metal through holes have an overlapping area.
Through the arrangement of the second feed gap and the two rows of corresponding metal through holes, the antenna can avoid electromagnetic wave leakage outwards, so that the side lobe of the whole antenna can be avoided; or the antenna can reduce the electromagnetic wave leakage outwards, thereby reducing the side lobe of the whole antenna.
Optionally, the second copper cladding layer and the third copper cladding layer are the same copper cladding layer, and the first feeding slot and the corresponding second feeding slot are the same second feeding slot.
Optionally, two sets of metal vias are symmetrically located on two sides of each second feeding slot respectively.
Through the arrangement of the second feed gap and the two rows of corresponding metal through holes, the antenna can avoid electromagnetic wave leakage outwards, and thus the side lobe of the whole antenna can be avoided.
Optionally, the distance between the two sets of metal vias satisfies the formula:
Figure GDA0002419586150000011
wherein λ0Represents the wavelength of the operating electromagnetic wave of the antenna in vacuum;rrepresents a relative dielectric constant; w represents the spacing between the two sets of metal vias.
If the distance between the two rows of metal through holes is too small, no electromagnetic wave can pass through the two rows of metal through holes, so that the antenna side lobe cannot be reduced; if the distance between two rows of metal through holes is too large, the effect of reducing the antenna side lobe is not obvious. Therefore, through continuous experimental verification, it is determined that when the distance between the two groups of metal through holes satisfies the formula:
Figure GDA0002419586150000021
the effect of reducing the antenna side lobe is best.
Optionally, any one of the two sets of metal vias includes a plurality of metal vias, and an aperture of each metal via is rectangular.
Through the arrangement of the second feed gap and the two corresponding groups of metal through holes, the antenna can avoid electromagnetic wave leakage outwards, so that the side lobe of the whole antenna can be avoided; or the antenna can reduce the electromagnetic wave leakage outwards, thereby reducing the side lobe of the whole antenna.
Optionally, any one of the two sets of metal vias includes a plurality of metal vias, and an aperture of each metal via is circular.
Optionally, the aperture of each metal via is the same.
Optionally, the first copper cladding layer includes at least one group of antenna elements and a microstrip line for connecting each antenna element in each group of antenna elements; the microstrip lines are in one-to-one correspondence with the second feed gaps, and the microstrip lines are located right above the second feed gaps corresponding to the microstrip lines.
Optionally, each antenna unit is a patch antenna.
An embodiment of the present invention provides an antenna, including: the radiator is positioned above the feed body; the radiator includes: the copper clad laminate comprises a first substrate, a first copper clad layer and a second copper clad layer, wherein the first copper clad layer is arranged on the upper surface of the first substrate, and the second copper clad layer is arranged on the lower surface of the first substrate; the feeder includes: the second substrate, a third copper clad laminate arranged on the upper surface of the second substrate and a fourth copper clad laminate arranged on the lower surface of the second substrate; at least one first feeding gap is arranged on the second copper clad layer, and a second feeding gap corresponding to the first feeding gap is arranged on the third copper clad layer; the second feed gap feeds power to the radiator through the corresponding first feed gap; each second feed gap is correspondingly provided with two groups of metal through holes penetrating through the first substrate from top to bottom, the two groups of metal through holes are respectively positioned at two sides of each second feed gap, each second feed gap is taken as a symmetry axis, and the symmetrical projection of one group of metal through holes in the two groups of metal through holes at the opposite side and the other group of metal through holes have an overlapping area. The antenna can avoid or reduce the leakage of electromagnetic waves outwards, so that the side lobe of the whole antenna can be avoided or reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a radiator according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a feeder according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a feeding principle provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a radiator according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a feeder according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a radiator according to still another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a radiator according to yet another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a feeding principle provided by another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a radiator according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The problem that a side lobe is high due to the fact that electromagnetic waves are leaked outwards when a feed body feeds electricity to a radiating body in the prior art is solved. The embodiment of the invention provides an antenna.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention, fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a radiator according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a feed according to an embodiment of the present invention, with reference to fig. 1, fig. 2, and fig. 3, the antenna includes: the radiator 11 and the feeder 12 are electrically connected, and the radiator 11 is located above the feeder 12; the radiator 11 includes: a first substrate 111, a first copper clad layer 112 disposed on an upper surface of the first substrate 111, and a second copper clad layer 113 disposed on a lower surface of the first substrate 111; the feed body 12 includes: a second substrate 121, a third copper clad layer 122 disposed on an upper surface of the second substrate 121, and a fourth copper clad layer 123 disposed on a lower surface of the second substrate 121; wherein the second copper cladding layer 113 is provided with at least one first feeding gap, and the third copper cladding layer 122 is provided with a second feeding gap 124 corresponding to the first feeding gap; the second feeding slot 124 feeds power to the radiator 11 through the corresponding first feeding slot; each second feeding slot 124 corresponds to two sets of metal vias 114 penetrating through the first substrate 111 from top to bottom, and optionally, the two sets of metal vias 114 may also penetrate through the first copper cladding layer 112 and the second copper cladding layer 113. The embodiment of the present invention is not limited thereto. Two sets of metal vias 114 are respectively located at two sides of each second feeding slot 124, wherein with each second feeding slot 124 as a symmetry axis, an overlapping region exists between a symmetrical projection of one set of metal vias in the two sets of metal vias 114 at the opposite side and the other set of metal vias.
It should be noted that, as shown in fig. 1, two sets of metal vias 114 may be respectively located on two sides of each second feeding slot 124 along the length direction of each second feeding slot 124; of course, the two sets of metal vias 114 may also be respectively located at two sides of each second feeding slot 124 along the width direction of each second feeding slot 124. The embodiment of the present invention is not limited thereto.
Optionally, the second copper cladding layer and the third copper cladding layer may be the same copper cladding layer, that is, the radiator and the feeder may share the copper cladding layer; the respective first feed slot and the corresponding second feed slot may be the same second feed slot. Of course, the second copper cladding layer and the third copper cladding layer may also be independently disposed, and the embodiment of the invention is not limited thereto.
Based on the antenna structure of fig. 1, the following will describe the feeding principle process: fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a feeding principle provided by an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 4, when a feeder feeds power to a radiator, each second feeding slot 124 and two corresponding sets of metal vias 114 form a waveguide structure, two sets of metal vias 114 form two sidewalls of the waveguide structure, and directions of magnetic induction lines generated by the second feeding slot 124 and the two sets of metal vias 114 are as shown in fig. 4 (actually, the number of magnetic induction lines is very dense, fig. 4 is only a schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention), because there is an overlapping region between symmetrical projections of one set of metal vias in the two sets of metal vias 114 at opposite sides and the other set of metal vias. Based on this, the waveguide structure will not generate electromagnetic wave leakage to the outside. Thereby side lobes of the whole antenna can be avoided.
It should be noted that, in the radiator included in the antenna shown in fig. 1 and the radiator shown in fig. 2, two sets of metal vias 114 are symmetrically located on two sides of the corresponding second feed slot 124, respectively (the symmetry means that, taking each second feed slot 124 as a symmetry axis, a symmetric projection of one set of metal vias in the two sets of metal vias 114 on the opposite side completely coincides with the other set of metal vias). Each set of metal vias 114 includes a plurality of metal vias 1141, and the aperture shape of each metal via 1141 is circular. And the aperture of each metal via 1141 is the same. But this is only an alternative.
In fact, any one of the two sets of metal through holes includes a plurality of metal through holes, and the aperture of each metal through hole is rectangular, star-shaped, or rhombic. And the aperture of each metal through hole can be the same or different. The following is illustrated by way of example:
example one: fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a radiator according to another embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a feed according to another embodiment of the present invention, where as shown in fig. 5 and 6, the radiator includes: a first substrate 111, a first copper clad layer 112 disposed on an upper surface of the first substrate 111, and a second copper clad layer disposed on a lower surface of the first substrate 111; the radiator is provided with two sets of metal through holes 114 penetrating through the upper surface and the lower surface of the first substrate 111 from top to bottom, the two sets of metal through holes 114 are respectively located at two sides of the corresponding second feed slot 124, and an orifice of each metal through hole 1141 in the two sets of metal through holes 114 is rectangular.
The feeding principle based on the antenna structure shown in fig. 5 is similar to that based on the antenna structure shown in fig. 1, and is not described herein again.
Example two: fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a radiator according to still another embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 6 and 7, the radiator includes: a first substrate 111, a first copper clad layer 112 disposed on an upper surface of the first substrate 111, and a second copper clad layer disposed on a lower surface of the first substrate 111; be provided with on the radiator from last to penetrating down two sets of metal through holes 114 of first base plate 111, two sets of metal through holes 114 are located the both sides of the second feed gap 124 that corresponds respectively, and a set of metal through hole includes a plurality of metal through holes 1141 in two sets of metal through holes 114, and every metal through hole 1141's drill way is the rectangle, and another group of metal through hole includes a plurality of metal through holes 1141, and every metal through hole 1141's drill way is circular, with every second feed gap 124 is the symmetry axis, there is the overlap region at contralateral symmetric projection and another group metal through hole in a set of metal through hole 114.
The feeding principle based on the antenna structure shown in fig. 7 is similar to that based on the antenna structure shown in fig. 1, and is not described herein again.
Example three: fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a radiator according to still another embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 6 and 8, the radiator includes: a first substrate 111, a first copper clad layer 112 disposed on an upper surface of the first substrate 111, and a second copper clad layer disposed on a lower surface of the first substrate 111; be provided with on the irradiator from last two sets of metal through holes 114 that pierce through first base plate 111 down, two sets of metal through holes 114 are located the both sides of the second feed gap 124 that corresponds respectively, and a set of metal through hole all includes a plurality of metal through holes 1141 in two sets of metal through holes 114, and wherein the drill way of metal through hole 1141 is circular, and every metal through hole 1141's aperture is incomplete the same, and every metal through hole 1141's drill way is circular, with every second feed gap 124 is the symmetry axis, there is the overlap region at contralateral symmetric projection and another set of metal through hole in two sets of metal through holes 114.
Based on the antenna structure of fig. 8, the following will describe the feeding principle process: fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a feeding principle according to another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 9, when the feeder feeds power to the radiator, each second feeding slot 124 and the two corresponding sets of metal vias 114 are equivalent to a waveguide structure, the two sets of metal vias 114 are equivalent to two sidewalls of the waveguide structure, and directions of magnetic induction lines generated by the second feeding slot 124 and the two sets of metal vias 114 are as shown in fig. 9, based on which the waveguide structure externally reduces electromagnetic wave leakage. Thereby reducing the side lobes of the overall antenna.
An embodiment of the present invention provides an antenna, including: the radiator is positioned above the feed body; the radiator includes: the copper clad laminate comprises a first substrate, a first copper clad layer and a second copper clad layer, wherein the first copper clad layer is arranged on the upper surface of the first substrate, and the second copper clad layer is arranged on the lower surface of the first substrate; the power feeder includes: the second substrate, a third copper clad laminate arranged on the upper surface of the second substrate and a fourth copper clad laminate arranged on the lower surface of the second substrate; at least one first feeding gap is arranged on the second copper clad layer, and a second feeding gap corresponding to the first feeding gap is arranged on the third copper clad layer; the second feed gap feeds power to the radiator through the corresponding first feed gap; each second feed gap is correspondingly provided with two groups of metal through holes penetrating through the first substrate from top to bottom, the two groups of metal through holes are respectively positioned at two sides of each second feed gap, each second feed gap is taken as a symmetry axis, and the symmetrical projection of one group of metal through holes in the two groups of metal through holes at the opposite side and the other group of metal through holes have an overlapping area. Through the arrangement of the second feed gap and the two rows of corresponding metal through holes, the antenna can avoid electromagnetic wave leakage outwards, so that the side lobe of the whole antenna can be avoided; or the antenna can reduce the electromagnetic wave leakage outwards, thereby reducing the side lobe of the whole antenna.
Optionally, when the two groups of metal through holes are respectively symmetrically located at two sides of the corresponding second feeding gap, the distance between the two groups of metal through holes satisfies the formula:
Figure GDA0002419586150000041
wherein λ0Represents the wavelength of the working electromagnetic wave of the antenna in vacuum;rrepresents a relative dielectric constant; w represents the spacing between the two sets of metal vias.
If the distance between the two rows of metal through holes is too small, no electromagnetic wave can pass through the two rows of metal through holes, so that the antenna side lobe cannot be reduced; if the distance between two rows of metal through holes is too large, the effect of reducing the antenna side lobe is not obvious. Therefore, through continuous experimental verification, it is determined that when the distance between the two groups of metal through holes satisfies the formula:
Figure GDA0002419586150000051
the effect of reducing the antenna side lobe is best.
Optionally, the first copper cladding layer includes at least one group of antenna elements and a microstrip line for connecting each antenna element in each group of antenna elements; the microstrip lines correspond to the second feed gaps one by one, and the microstrip lines are located right above the second feed gaps corresponding to the microstrip lines.
Optionally, each antenna unit is a patch antenna.
For example: referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, the first copper cladding layer 112 includes 4 groups of antenna elements, each group of antenna elements includes 4 antenna elements 1121, the antenna elements 1121 may be patch antennas, and the 4 antenna elements 1121 are connected by a microstrip line 1122; as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 3, the microstrip lines 1122 correspond to the second feed slots 124 one to one, and the microstrip lines 1122 are located right above the second feed slots 124 corresponding to the microstrip lines 1122, where the second feed slots 124 are used for performing coupling feed to the microstrip lines 1122.
For example: fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a radiator according to another embodiment of the present invention, and referring to fig. 6 and 10, the first copper cladding layer 112 includes 8 groups of antenna units, each group of antenna units includes 2 antenna units 1121, the antenna units 1121 may be patch antennas, and the 2 antenna units 1121 are connected by a microstrip line 1122; as shown in fig. 10, the microstrip lines 1122 correspond to the second feed slots 124 one to one, and the microstrip lines 1122 are located right above the second feed slots 124 corresponding to the microstrip lines 1122, where the second feed slots 124 are used for performing coupling feed to the microstrip lines 1122.
In summary, the antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention, through the arrangement of the second feed gap and the two corresponding rows of metal through holes, can prevent electromagnetic wave from leaking outwards, so as to avoid side lobes of the whole antenna; or the antenna can reduce the electromagnetic wave leakage outwards, thereby reducing the side lobe of the whole antenna.

Claims (9)

1. An antenna, comprising: the radiator is positioned above the feed body; the radiator includes: the copper clad laminate comprises a first substrate, a first copper clad layer and a second copper clad layer, wherein the first copper clad layer is arranged on the upper surface of the first substrate, and the second copper clad layer is arranged on the lower surface of the first substrate; the power feeder includes: the second substrate, a third copper clad laminate arranged on the upper surface of the second substrate and a fourth copper clad laminate arranged on the lower surface of the second substrate; it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
at least one first feeding gap is arranged on the second copper clad layer, and a second feeding gap corresponding to the first feeding gap is arranged on the third copper clad layer; the second feed gap feeds power to the radiator through the corresponding first feed gap;
every second feed gap corresponds and has from last to penetrating through two sets of metal through-holes of first base plate down, two sets of metal through-holes are located respectively every second feed gap's both sides, wherein with every second feed gap is the symmetry axis, there is the overlap region at contralateral symmetric projection and another set of metal through-hole in two sets of metal through-holes.
2. The antenna of claim 1, wherein the second copper cladding layer and the third copper cladding layer are the same copper cladding layer, and the first feed slot and the corresponding second feed slot are the same second feed slot.
3. The antenna of claim 1 or 2, wherein the two sets of metal vias are symmetrically located on two sides of each second feeding slot.
4. The antenna of claim 3, wherein the spacing between the two sets of metal vias satisfies the formula:
Figure FDA0002419586140000011
wherein λ0Represents the wavelength of the working electromagnetic wave of the antenna in vacuum;rrepresents a relative dielectric constant; w represents the spacing between the two sets of metal vias.
5. The antenna of claim 1, wherein any of the two sets of metal vias comprises a plurality of metal vias, and the aperture of each metal via is rectangular.
6. The antenna of claim 1, wherein any of the two sets of metal vias comprises a plurality of metal vias, and the aperture of each metal via is circular.
7. The antenna of claim 5 or 6, wherein the apertures of the plurality of metal vias are the same.
8. The antenna of any of claims 1, 2, 4-6, wherein the first copper cladding layer comprises at least one group of antenna elements and microstrip lines connecting the individual antenna elements of each group of antenna elements; the microstrip lines correspond to the second feed gaps one by one, and the microstrip lines are located right above the second feed gaps corresponding to the microstrip lines.
9. The antenna of claim 8, wherein each antenna element is a patch antenna.
CN201680087959.0A 2016-12-30 2016-12-30 Antenna with a shield Active CN109478716B (en)

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CN114221122B (en) * 2022-02-21 2022-05-17 成都华兴大地科技有限公司 Dual-port co-polarized antenna

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