CN109474185A

CN109474185A - A kind of power module and the power-supply system using the power module

Info

Publication number: CN109474185A
Application number: CN201811441295.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王保均
Original assignee: Mornsun Guangzhou Science and Technology Ltd
Current assignee: Mornsun Guangzhou Science and Technology Ltd
Priority date: 2018-11-29
Filing date: 2018-11-29
Publication date: 2019-03-15
Anticipated expiration: 2038-11-29
Also published as: CN109474185B

Abstract

The invention discloses the power-supply systems of a kind of power module and the application power module, for the more existing power module using the gloomy circuit of well of the power module, eliminate input filter capacitor, output rectification and filter circuit therein；The electric routed customer removed is external in its power-supply system, and two capacitors with the distance between power module≤λ/11 under the premise of, power-supply system is also able to satisfy the requirement of electromagnetic compatibility standard, to can solve because of condenser failure bring system loss；The output rectification circuit removed is external in its power-supply system also by client, to be able to achieve the expansion on Client application, i.e., is able to achieve single channel, positive and negative two-way and double voltage by a module and exports.Great popularization of the present invention.

Description

A kind of power module and the power-supply system using the power module

Technical field

The present invention relates to power modules, in particular to apply the power module of the gloomy circuit of well.

Background technique

Existing self-excited push-pull type transducer is generally speaking divided into two classes: Luo Ye circuit and the gloomy circuit of well.

Luo Ye circuit is that nineteen fifty-five U.S. Luo Ye (G.H.Royer) is invented, often referred to simply as Luo Ye, Royer circuit, 2 years The nineteen fifty-seven U.S. afterwards look into match (Jen Sen, most document translations " well is gloomy ") invented auto-excitation type recommend dual transformer electricity Road, is referred to as self-oscillation Jensen circuit, self-excitation push-pull type Jensen circuit afterwards, and most document is referred to as the gloomy circuit of well；This two Kind circuit, descendant are referred to as self-excited push-pull type transducer, " switch electricity of the self-excited push-pull type transducer in Electronic Industry Press The principle and design in source " page 67 to page 70 be described, the book ISBN is 7-121-00211-6.The principal mode of circuit is Luo Ye circuit and the gloomy circuit of well.

Fig. 1 shows the typical case schematic diagram of Luo Ye circuit, the pin that wherein capacitor C1 is connect with power supply Vin, if changing For ground connection, start-up circuit becomes soft start, this is also common usage.Application No. is 201210174076.7 (letters for corresponding China Referred to as background 1) Fig. 9, the name of patent application be " a kind of short-circuit protection method of self-excited push-pull type transducer ", Fig. 2 shows The typical case schematic diagram of the gloomy circuit of well.

The self-oscillation of Luo Ye circuit and driving function are all completed by a transformer, and the gloomy circuit of well changes by driving transformer B1 It realizes, therefore, the main power transformer B2 of the gloomy circuit of well works in undersaturated condition.Although the driving transformation of the gloomy circuit of well There is magnetic saturation in device, because its is small in size, the energy of magnetic saturation consumption is small, and the global transformation efficiency ratio Luo Ye circuit of circuit is high. But application No. is 201110436359.X and 201110436259.7 to change by November, 2011 China for such case, in sieve The Rong Ling magnetic core that thin portion or part have been used in circuit, so that conversion efficiency is substantially improved, so that device is more The living space of the gloomy circuit of well reduces, and compared with the Luo Ye circuit under the same terms, becomes in operating voltage, load, temperature When change, the self-oscillating frequency of the gloomy circuit of well is relatively stable, so, many occasions are still using the gloomy circuit of well.

Fig. 2 from the start-up circuit of Fig. 1 the difference is that capacitor C1 connection is different, the capacitor C1 in Fig. 1 directly with biasing Resistance R1 is in parallel, and the pin that wherein capacitor C1 is connect with power supply Vin, if being changed to be grounded, start-up circuit becomes soft start, such as schemes Shown in 2, capacitor C1 is connected between feedback winding centre cap and input ground, and such connection method can solve Fig. 1 electricity Hold impact of the C1 in booting because of short circuit to triode is recommended, realize soft start, improvement applicant once applied in 2003 Utility model patent ZL 03273278.3, in fact People's Telecon Publishing House " power conversion technology " page 41 Fig. 2- 18 disclose, and the Fig. 2-27 of page 56 is also disclosed, and the book ISBN is 7-115-04229-2/TN353.And the application's Inventor gives existing well in the 0029th section to 0035 section of 1 authority of background and Fig. 3-1 to Fig. 3-7 of its attached drawing The differentiation of gloomy or Luo Ye circuit biasing circuit, give detailed working principle, it was demonstrated that the capacitor C1 in start-up circuit Take the connection of Fig. 1 or Fig. 2 on the steady operation after the successfully starting up of circuit without influence.

Since self-excited push-pull type transducer is open loop work, frequency response is good, in small-signal model, small signal Input impedance under state is positive.And the small signal input impedance of the Switching Power Supply of various other Closed loop operations be it is negative, that is, work as When input voltage is increased because of certain reason, the consumption electric current of other Switching Power Supplies is to reduce, to maintain output power constant. Just because of the small signal input impedance of self-excited push-pull type transducer be it is positive, element is few, and reliability is high, in parallel or cascade Using all very simple, therefore self-excited push-pull type transducer is difficult to be replaced by other circuit topologies within following some time, And be made into power module as device direct marketing, be fabricated to power module method it is common there are two types of, one kind is modeling Envelope, the power module similar integrated circuit of finished product, using epoxy resin mixture, including filler particles, curing agent, in mould It is formed under tool high temperature, plastic packaging power module is easy to use；Another kind is encapsulating, and circuit board is put into shell, polyamine is poured into The two-component mixture or silica gel of rouge and form, the general device for being inconvenient to be fabricated to patch type, in engineering using slightly not side Just.

Currently, global annual output is 100,000,000 or more, and wherein well is gloomy using the power module that self-excited push-pull type transducer produces For circuit accounting still 15% or more, output power is mostly 1W, is commonly called as micropower power supply module, and manufacturer includes Japanese village Tens companies of Tian company, Texas Instruments, RECOM company, Germany, TaiWan, China MINMAX company etc. and the country, There is following technical bottleneck.

The power module is applied to vibration occasion and often fails, especially plastic packaging when as in automobile, motor-car, high-speed rail The power module of class, due to power module sealing moulding, can only integral replacing, the probability of failure is not high, and installation investment makes Crash rate with 1 year is about one thousandth, i.e. 1000ppm, this is unacceptable, the expectation of automobile industry in automobile industry It is zero-fault, according to the tub curve in failure mechanism, it is relatively high for failing in First Year, and automobile industry it is expected first Year crash rate can be in 8ppm hereinafter, i.e. 8/1000000ths, while the global failure rate in 10 years also meets 8ppm or less.

The product failure rate produced of technique the most advanced can only achieve 300ppm or so both at home and abroad at present, and client It is acceptable only 8ppm, once have defective products by shipment, these defective products will be widely used in automobile, rail traffic, It is very serious such as to cause damage sequence for the fields such as mechanical equipment and industrial communication, therefore manufacturer can only be in online preceding progress Detection, it is ensured that be ability upper plate installation after 100% qualification, but still have defective products appearance, in this regard, auto producer and micropower electricity Source module factory all tries every means, and is such as changed to the former brand of global ranking, but problem goes out still in user's use It is existing.The cost paid after sale is high, and caused claim is also very high.

Since micropower power supply module is used in the temperature such as automobile, humidity environment rugged environment, product requirement uses modeling Envelope or encapsulating, improve its environmental suitability, after this also results in product failure, will destroy power module in dismantling, thus Extremely difficult carry out failure analysis, also can not the ultimate improvement of further progress, realize zero-fault.

In addition, power module application is multifarious, to its input voltage, output voltage, output number, isolation pressure resistance And the requirement of encapsulation etc. can also have very more demands, for power module manufacturer, be all at present will export it is whole Current circuit is integrated in inside power module, it means that and the product of single channel output and two-way output needs respectively to manufacture and design, this Meeting leads to the increase of management cost and warehousing pressure so that the model of power module manufacturer is double.

Summary of the invention

In view of this, the technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of power module, the energy in application well gloomy circuit Crash rate is reduced, reduces social cost loss, and the management cost and warehousing pressure of manufacturer can be reduced, the present invention is simultaneously The power-supply system for applying the power module is also provided, client is facilitated to use, and is able to achieve using upper expansion.

For the more existing power module using the gloomy circuit of well of the application, inventive concept is to remove input filter electricity therein Road, output rectification circuit and output filter capacitor；The foundation for removing input filter circuit and output filter capacitor is that client is logical Cross it is external be still able to achieve correlation function, and at a distance from the two capacitors are between power module≤λ/11 under the premise of (wherein λ be power module the corresponding wavelength of working frequency, i.e., the light velocity divided by power module working frequency), power-supply system Prior art cognition can be broken through, the requirement for meeting electromagnetic compatibility standard is realized, to can solve micropower power supply Module Fail band Customer complaint, claim and the life and property loss of user come；And remove output rectification circuit, pass through external output rectified current Road is able to achieve the expansion on Client application, i.e., is able to achieve single channel, positive and negative two-way and double voltage by a module and exports.

Conceived based on foregoing invention, the technical scheme to solve the above technical problems is that

A kind of power module, it is characterised in that: include at least four terminals, respectively input plus end, input ground, two Output terminal, and including start-up circuit, resistance R2, triode TR1, triode TR2, driving transformer B1, main transformer B2, driving transformer B1 include primary side winding N_m, feedback winding N_B1And N_B2；Main transformer B2 includes primary side winding N_P1And N_P2, And at least one vice-side winding N_S1；Start-up circuit includes at least two terminals, starting input terminal and starting output end；Start defeated Enter the input plus end of end connection power module, starting output end connects feedback winding N_B1And N_B2Centre cap；Triode With being connected to the input of power module, collector is separately connected primary side winding N to the emitter of TR1 and TR2_P1And N_P2Two End, base stage are separately connected feedback winding N_B1And N_B2Two ends；Primary side winding N_P1And N_P2Centre cap connect power supply The input plus end of module；Primary side winding N_mAfter resistance R2 series connection, two terminals after series connection are respectively connected to triode The collector of TR1, TR2；Vice-side winding N_S1Both ends connection power module two output terminals.

Above-mentioned technical proposal is open expression way, i.e., can also include other functional circuits, but of the invention It is required that not including input filter circuit, output rectification circuit and output filter circuit in the power module of above-mentioned technical proposal. Note: some functional unit circuit can be only a component, as capacitor can be input filter circuit, output filter circuit, Diode can be output rectification circuit.

As a kind of specific embodiment of start-up circuit, start-up circuit includes that electric current provides device and capacitor C1, electricity Stream provides device one end as starting input terminal, and the other end is starting output end, and capacitor C1 and electric current provide device parallel connection, electric current Offer device is resistance, or is constant-current source device.

As another specific embodiment of start-up circuit, start-up circuit further includes a third terminal, Yi Jiqi Dynamic circuit includes that electric current provides device and capacitor C1, and it is starting input terminal that electric current, which provides device one end, and the other end is starting output End, third terminal connection input ground, the one end capacitor C1 are connected to starting output end, and the other end of capacitor C1 is third terminal, electricity It is resistance that stream, which provides device, or is constant-current source device.

Power module included the case where exporting rectification function, is wished for client, then based on the above technical solution: Vice-side winding N_S1Any end and its connection power module output terminal between connect a diode D1.

The first improvement as above-mentioned technical proposal, the magnetic core of driving transformer B1 are made of principal part and part, principal part Identical with local material, sectional area is different；Or principal part is identical with local sectional area, material is different.

Second of improvement as above-mentioned technical proposal, including capacitor C4, in the both ends shunt capacitance C4 of resistance R2.

As second of above-mentioned technical proposal improved preferred embodiment, the capacitance of capacitor C4 is less than 1000pf.

In addition, the technical solution of the power-supply system provided by the invention using above-mentioned power module is as follows:

A kind of power-supply system using above-mentioned power module, it is characterised in that: in the input plus end of power module and defeated Enter input filter capacitor C2 in parallel between ground, parallel output filter capacitor C3 between two output terminals, C3 passes through one when necessary Rectifier diode is in parallel with output terminal, and input filter capacitor C2 and output filter capacitor C3 are between power module Distance≤λ/11, λ be power module the corresponding wavelength of working frequency.

Noun of the present invention is explained as follows:

Input filter capacitor: it is connected to the capacitor of self-excited push-pull type transducer input terminal, for filtering out in input voltage Ripple, capacitor C2 as in Figure 1 and Figure 2.It can be the filtered electrical perhaps battery of higher level's power supply itself, contain super electricity Hold.

Output filter capacitor: it is connected to the capacitor of self-excited push-pull type transducer output end, for filtering out in output voltage Ripple, capacitor C3 as in Figure 1 and Figure 2.It can be input filter capacitor or the battery itself of lower level power supply, containing super Capacitor.

Start-up capacitance: the capacitor of self-excited push-pull type transducer quick start or soft start is realized, as in Figure 1 and Figure 2 electricity Hold C1.

It recommends triode: realizing the triode of self-excitation push-pull type work, triode TR1 and TR2 as in Figure 1 and Figure 2.

Driving transformer: the gloomy circuit of well individually completes self-oscillation and driving function by magnetic saturation transformer, and the application should Transformer is referred to as driving transformer, such as the B1 in Fig. 2.

Main transformer: voltage transformation is institute for the transformer to load transmission energy by the abbreviation of main power transformer The numerical value needed, primary side centre cap are connected to power supply, i.e. the self-excitation operating voltage of pushing off formula converter, primary side Another two terminal is connected with two collectors for recommending triode respectively, and vice-side winding connects one or more rectification circuit, such as schemes Transformer B2 in 1 in B1 and Fig. 2.

Feedback winding centre cap: refer to and be connected to two centre caps for recommending the winding between transistor base, such as Fig. 1 B1 winding N_B1And N_B2Centre cap or Fig. 2 in driving transformer B1 winding N_B1And N_B2Centre cap.

Power module of the invention solves related personnel for a long time and thirsts for always solving but fail to succeed always Technical problem, discovery procedure and method and working principle will analyze in a particular embodiment, and this will not be repeated here.

Power module of the invention has the beneficial effect that

(1) crash rate is greatly reduced；

(2) product type will be reduced, and the versatility that client uses increases.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 is the typical case schematic diagram of Luo Ye circuit；

Fig. 2 is the typical case schematic diagram of the gloomy circuit of well；

Fig. 3 is first embodiment of the invention power module exemplar schematic figure；

Fig. 3-1 is the waveform diagram of first embodiment of the invention output voltage；

Fig. 3-2 is the schematic diagram of the external output rectification of first embodiment of the invention client and filter circuit；

In the absence of Fig. 3-3 is Fig. 3-2 hypothesis filter capacitor C3 and using voltage oscillogram when purely resistive load；

Fig. 3-4 is the schematic diagram for the doubleway output that first embodiment of the invention obtains altogether；

Fig. 3-5 is the schematic diagram that first embodiment of the invention obtains multiplication of voltage output；

Fig. 3-6 is that vice-side winding obtains the schematic diagram of independent doubleway output all the way for first embodiment of the invention increase；

Fig. 3-7 is that the present invention the first implementation start-up circuit replaces with the schematic diagram after capacitor C1 and resistance R1 parallel connection；

Fig. 4 is second embodiment of the invention power module exemplar schematic figure；

Fig. 4-1 is the schematic diagram for the doubleway output that second embodiment of the invention obtains altogether；

Fig. 4-2 is that vice-side winding obtains the schematic diagram of independent doubleway output all the way for second embodiment of the invention increase；

Fig. 5-1 is one of third embodiment of the invention power module main transformer core structure schematic diagram；

Fig. 5-2 is the two of third embodiment of the invention power module main transformer core structure schematic diagram；

Fig. 5-3 is the three of third embodiment of the invention power module main transformer core structure schematic diagram；

Fig. 6 is fourth embodiment of the invention power module exemplar schematic figure；

Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram that fifth embodiment of the invention power module is applied in the power supply system.

Specific embodiment

The targeted failure of the present invention is that industry wishes the technical problem captured for a long time, and product uses plastic packaging or encapsulating Improve its environmental suitability, after this also results in product failure, power module will be destroyed in dismantling, thus it is extremely difficult into Row failure analysis, also can not the ultimate improvement of further progress.

Applicant has collected the sample much to fail, analyzes by traditional method, obtained conclusion is all to recommend use nothing but Triode breakdown, power module due to again acting as device on circuit boards, again undergo Reflow Soldering and cause capacitor and open It splits, causes short circuit, or the internal rectification used is punctured with Schottky diode.

Inventor notices, and reflected short circuit outside electric power source pair of module, short-circuit impedance is distributed more widely, from 0.1 Ω to Nearly 10 Ω has, more in 2 Ω or so, this is different from the reflected distribution of semiconductor failure, and conjecture is that other reasons cause Failure, but consult many data, domestic many experts seeked advice from, all without compellent explanation, at this moment, Tong Shiliu Female bright proposition, if the caused short circuit in second of Reflow Soldering for pure tin.Power module itself in production, uses Tin cream is alloy, is called solder(ing) paste, is mainly made of scaling powder and solder powder, and solder powder is also known as glass putty, mainly by tin-lead, Tin bismuth, Tin Silver Copper Alloy composition, as other producers, have selected high-melting-point solder(ing) paste, fusing point is at 280 DEG C or more, according to reason It says, in client when device Reflow Soldering again, temperature is to be strict controlled in 260 DEG C of below, solder joints inside power module Should not melt again, put into tens of thousands of products, every batch of 5000, tested with different temperatures, discovery 235 degree to 265 degree it Between in temperature range, product will appear failure really, predominantly short-circuit.The fusing point of pure tin is 231.89 DEG C, but power module Where internal pure tin is from coming.

The pin of power module internal components is mostly the pin of pure tin coating covering, and applicant has reused this technology neck The common method in domain: method of substitution.With electrochemical process, tin is removed to the device pin strip of participation, and plates silver layer, fusing point At 961 degree or more, it should overcome the problems, such as this, but result still has short circuit, by the pebble glue slice point that expense is high Analysis, discovery is still short circuit caused by pure tin, and further associating is that tin grain diameter is excessive in solder(ing) paste, it is desirable that solder(ing) paste supply When prepared by glass putty, electric spark current reduces quotient, obtains the tin grain of smaller diameter, solder(ing) paste supplier directlyed adopt Japan, The raw material of smallest particles on the earth of German import cooperate industry to solve the problems, such as, experiments have shown that, there are still almost the same mistakes Efficiency.

At this moment, it is patch type capacitor that inventor, which notices the capacitor in power module, and industry is sheet type multi-layer ceramic Capacitor, english abbreviation MLCC, it has been overlapped in a manner of misplacing by the ceramic dielectric diaphragm of printed electrode (interior electrode) Come, ceramic chip is formed by disposable high temperature sintering, then seal up metal layer (external electrode) at the both ends of chip, to realize The capacitance needed and other parameter characteristics.There is multilayer inside this capacitor, interior electrode is silver layer, and there are also dielectric ceramic materials Material, their thermal expansion coefficient is different, as muti-piece biscuit is superimposed, in patch it is difficult to ensure that sheet face therein It is parallel with circuit board, if the case where also will appear vertical 90 degree, i.e., capacitor is in patch, if is axially rotated 90 degree, note: axis passes through the geometric center of two terminals.By polyester resin slice analysis, there are 10 samples of short circuit in discovery Product, 8 only because capacitor is rotated by 90 degree of patches, and inventor's guess: capacitor is rotated by after 90 degree, with circuit board On the basis of horizontal positioned, there are many potential grooves in the top parallel with circuit board, and at high temperature, pure tin is first melting, by Plastic packaging or the closed environment of encapsulating influence, and dart forward in this groove, two ends of short circuit.Chip mounter itself is not This move may be completed, inquires that the supplier of patch capacitor, the supplier of capacitor recognize that capacitor is random braid in plate-like Charging tray in, i.e., in patch, it is possible to which nearly 50% probability has been axial-rotation 90 degree.

This only guesses that, when including polyester resin slice dismantling product, short circuit can disappear, and can not verify this guess, send out Bright people proposes new experimental method again: from the external power supply for using low-voltage, high-current, can the internal resistance that formed using short circuit be sent out Heat dissolves tin, and using the surface tension of liquid tin, spherical shape is voluntarily retracted into, or have this trend, so that short dot be allowed to disappear Lose? by calculating, with Binding experiment, maximum output voltage 5V, the power supply of constant current output 2A, to input terminal shortcircuit are finally used Power module is tested, and discovery short dot really disappears；The power module of power module outlet short circuit is carried out real It tests, it should be noted that polarity, otherwise can burn internal rectifier diode, discovery short dot is equally disappeared, and the performance of product is extensive It is multiple.

Root is had found because after, solves the problems, such as this scheme, it appears that have, that is, not inputted, output filter capacitor. But client must will not agree to that client can think in this way: this obviously reduces the performance of power module, electricity Magnetic compatibility is centainly also deteriorating.

Note: circuit board includes the lead frame using sheet metal.

Even if having found root because capacitor is external to be readily apparent that for a person skilled in the art, but is limited by The limitation that electromagnetic compatibility standard requires, someone is not it is thought that feasible solution, even if therefore the most advanced both at home and abroad Manufacturer, be all directed to the improvement of welding material and welding procedure all the time, 2011 to 2013 Japanese villages field Company has just applied for that the multinomial patent of welding material and welding procedure carrys out the power module for the gloomy circuit of well.So that from Although the nineteen fifty-five circuit has been widely used since generating, crash rate can not be further decreased always after more than 60 years.

Present inventor breaks through conventional thought, proposes that capacitor can be external, theoretical basis is specific as follows:

It is theoretical according to well known electricity, have: C=λ f

Wherein: C: electromagnetic wave propagation speed is 3 × 10⁸m/s；λ: wavelength, unit m；F: frequency, unit Hz；

Distance≤λ/11 the present invention claims external capacitor apart from power module, at this time its electromagnetic radiation that space is generated It is very little, it can be considered and electromagnetic radiation is not generated to space, loss is also smaller, and effect is preferable.Relevant theoretical foundation is not straight Connect argument, it is closer can " minimal tour be in EMC design with reference to the 21st Annual Conference paper of Chinese power supply association Application ", paper is delivered in November, 2015, the Authors of Science Articles be present inventor, the article pointed out " high-frequency signal If 1/4 wavelength is identical as the length of antenna, antenna just has good radiation and reception ability ... antenna once being formed, that There are when step signal in circuit, the frequency which can select resonance therewith automatically is launched ", and change of the invention Depressor output is exactly square wave, and rising edge or failing edge are exactly step signal, then, in order to reduce external radiation, external electricity Hold distance apart from power module will within 1/4 wavelength, more preferably, in less than half of 1/4 wavelength, i.e. 1/8 wavelength with Under.In order to further ensure effect, distance of the external capacitor apart from power module will 1/4 wavelength golden section point with It is interior, i.e., it is 0.382 times of 1/4 wavelength (1-0.618), it is closest for λ/11.

Since the working frequency of self-excited push-pull type transducer is mainly 50kHz, 100kHz and 200kHz, highest frequency at present It can accomplish 1MHz, future is expected to realize the breakthrough of 10MHz, external for the self-excited push-pull type transducer of different operating frequency Distance of the capacitor apart from power module calculates as follows:

Working frequency	Wavelength X	λ/11
			50kHz	6000m	545.4m
100kHz	3000m	272.7m
			200kHz	1500m	136.3m
1MHz	300m	27.27m
			10MHz	30m	2.727m

There are when step signal in circuit, the frequency which can select resonance therewith automatically is launched, according to engineering 19 subharmonic of experience, harmonic wave still have very considerable radianting capacity, though by the working frequency of self-excited push-pull type transducer multiplied by 19, then, distance of the external capacitor apart from power module will within 1/the 19 of 1/11 wavelength, i.e. 1/209 wavelength with It is interior, it is still able to satisfy the requirement of electromagnetic compatibility standard, the distance meter the following are external capacitor in such cases apart from power module Calculate result:

Working frequency	λ	λ/209
			50kHz	6000m	28.71m
100kHz	3000m	14.35m
			200kHz	1500m	7.18m
1MHz	300m	1.44m
			10MHz	30m	0.14m

When module working frequency is 1MHz, distance is 1.44 meters, still can guarantee the performance of electromagnetic compatibility.

First embodiment

Referring to Fig. 3, Fig. 3 is first embodiment of the invention power module exemplar schematic figure, similar integrated circuit is used The technique of painting, there is a pin in outside, the empty thick line of outline border, indicates that internal device integrates encapsulation, the empty thick line of outline border not table Show electrical connection, power module includes input plus end Vin, input ground GND and two output terminal Out1 and Out2, power supply Inside modules include: resistance R1, resistance R2, capacitor C1, triode TR1, triode TR2, driving transformer B1, main transformer The primary side winding N of B2, driving transformer B1_m, main transformer B2 primary side winding N_P1And N_P2, feedback winding N_B1And N_B2, and it is secondary Side winding N_S1；One end connection input plus end of resistance R1, the other end of resistance R1 connect input ground after capacitor C1；Three poles The emitter of pipe TR1 and TR2 are connected to input ground, and collector is separately connected primary side winding N_P1And N_P2Two ends, base Pole is separately connected feedback winding N_B1And N_B2Two ends；Primary side winding N_P1And N_P2Centre cap connection power module it is defeated Enter plus end；Primary side winding N_mAn end primary side winding N is connected to after resistance R2_P1And N_P2An end after series connection, Primary side winding N_mAnother end be connected directly to primary side winding N_P1And N_P2Another end after series connection；Vice-side winding N_S1 Both ends connection power module two output terminals.

Have described above and remove input filter capacitor and output filter capacitor inside power module, the power-supply system of client according to It so can satisfy the design method and theoretical foundation of electromagnetic compatibility, this will not be repeated here.

Fig. 3-1 is the waveform diagram of the present embodiment output voltage, compared with technology, the square wave being alternately present for generating positive and negative voltage； Single channel output voltage can be obtained after the circuit shown in the external Fig. 3-2 of client, due to having only used a diode D1, when defeated Filter capacitor C3 is not present out, and when use purely resistive load, and the waveform diagram of output voltage is that half-wave is defeated as shown in Fig. 3-3 Out, at this moment the capacity of C3 should increase, discussed above to obtain the ripple voltage to meet the requirements, when module working frequency is When 1MHz, distance is 1.44 meters, still can guarantee the performance of electromagnetic compatibility.That is it is very aobvious within C3 is from 1.44 meters of power module So, in the system of client, the original decoupling capacitance that can use in its system completely serves as C3, and is increased without cost, by Composed in parallel in the ceramic condenser that original decoupling capacitance may be electrolytic capacitor and 1000pF to 0.1uF, population size because Such as tantalum solid electrolyte capacitor is used and bigger, therefore filter effect can be fine.Half-wave output can't be to recommending with three Pole pipe causes any adverse effect, and only wherein a triode is constantly in light condition.

When the diode D1 in Fig. 3-2 is reversely connected, so that it may obtain negative voltage output, no longer individually be arranged with embodiment Out.Certainly, directly the upper lead tie point of the cathode of diode D1 in Fig. 3-2 and C3 as direct current output ground wire, then with The connected DC output end of another lead of C3 will export a negative pressure, equally can work normally.Diode D1 it Before, i.e. the two of Fig. 3 output terminals low capacity filter capacitors directly in parallel, still can be absorbed square wave rising edge and Failing edge is conducive to the promotion of Electro Magnetic Compatibility.

Due to there is no diode inside power module, it is well known that since Switching Power Supply working frequency is higher, export whole Stream diode mostly uses Schottky diode, as power module, after client mounts or inserts onto their circuit, and meeting Reflow Soldering or wave-soldering again, and most device, are all to be resistant to 12 seconds by equivalent 260 DEG C to design, bear 2 high temperature, For Schottky diode, caused failure is steeply risen.European Union was instructed by RoHS and WEEE, July 1 in 2006 Day is forbidden to use lead and other harmful substances matter, has pulled open the beginning of electronic product high-temperature soldering, and traditional tin-lead eutectic solder melts Point is 183 DEG C, and the fusing point of tin silver copper (SAC) lead-free solder for gaining universal acceptance and being widely used at present is about 217 DEG C, so that thermotropic failure aggravates significantly, each related device manufacturer was studied by many years, just allowed device that can prop up at 260 DEG C Welding in 12 seconds is held, to show oneself reliability.This is not represented, and for device at 260 DEG C, welding in 12 seconds is reliably, to be Lossless, device production quotient can only guarantee under this high temperature, and crash rate is lower than some value.The same period, the electronics as high-quality Product producer, the temperature of Reflow Soldering are still controlled at 245 DEG C or less；Here we will notice a fact, and this kind of product is Civilian goods, life requirements is not high, can be continuous work 3000 hours such as MP3, and for the satisfaction of consumer with regard to relatively high, 3000 is small Shi Hou, repair rate have been just good products lower than 3%, and this is required, and will cause great complaint for Switching Power Supply. For automobile, can not even more receive.

From the perspective of science, continuous high temperature has negative effect to semiconductor.Concentrated expression are as follows: insulation performance is moved back Change；Component directly damages；The heat ageing of material.This obtains and talks about from the characteristic of semiconductor, and current used in electronic industry is partly led Body, is often referred to silicon semiconductor, silicon itself be it is very intrepid, fusing point is 1410 DEG C, this do not represent it is bad to 1410 DEG C of, one As at 165 DEG C, the silicon semiconductor of energization just substantially because of a large amount of appearance of few son, the displacement of few son and directly damage Bad silicon semiconductor；In Schottky diode, usual doping concentration is higher, and the electric conductivity of semiconductor will become better, pressure drop It is lower, the reason is that can enter the electron amount of conduction band can increase as doping concentration improves.Doping concentration is very high partly to be led Know from experience because electric conductivity is close to metal, and is widely used in Schottky diode.High temperature reflux weldering again etc., silicon is partly led Body can survive although not being powered, but at high temperature, a large amount of appearance of few son, combination, the regeneration of He Duozi, nothing Directed movement still has damage semiconductor PN.It is well known that under 165 DEG C of junction temperature, the silicon semiconductor of energization with regard to because For a large amount of appearance of few son, lacks the displacement of son and directly damage silicon semiconductor.

The present invention is external rectifier diode, so that rectifier diode is solely subjected to once weld high temperature, it is clear that reduce whole The crash rate of a system improves the reliability of whole system.

Rectifier diode is external, since external capacitor C3 is easy to be amplified with the electrolytic capacitor of low cost, so that power supply The vice-side winding of module is reduced to a winding, has been saved cost by two windings in Fig. 1, Fig. 2.

Rectifier diode is external, also obtains another the utility model has the advantages that easily obtain doubleway output altogether, referring to Fig. 3-4, It can be obtained doubleway output, recommend with triode all in there is load state.

Further, if using the negative output in Fig. 3-4 as ground wire, then, so that it may multiplication of voltage output is obtained, is such as expected 18V DC voltage, it is only necessary to using the power module of 9V of the invention, use the usage of Fig. 3-5.

Rectifier diode is external, also obtains another the utility model has the advantages that easily obtaining the output of independent two-way or more, independence is double Road refers to them not altogether, and Fig. 3-6 gives this power module and usage thereof: increasing vice-side winding N all the way_S2, accordingly Ground, external rectifier diode increase D2, and filter capacitor increases C5, obtain another way DC output voltage, i.e., in figure DCout2 this Road, voltage can be identical as this road Dcout1, can also be different, and change the turn ratio, and the positive-negative polarity of two-way voltage Can arbitrarily it be arranged.The Same Name of Ends of secondary side two-way is noticed in Fig. 3-6, this is in order to ensure recommending with triode all in there is load State.Traditional using Fig. 1, Fig. 2 technical solution, obtaining two-way, the scheme on ground, secondary side will not use 4 vice-side windings altogether, At high cost, coiling is difficult.The technical solution of Fig. 3-6 is further added by a diode, can obtain the output of three tunnels, and Zhong Second Road is total Ground, not altogether with third road；It is further further added by a diode, totally four diodes, can get the output of four tunnels, wherein the All the way, altogether, altogether, the first via, the second road and tetra- tunnel third Lu Yu are not altogether on tetra- tunnel third Lu Yu on the second tunnel.

It should be noted that the start-up circuit of the present embodiment is made of resistance R1 and capacitor C1, resistance R1 provides for electric current Device provides starting voltage for power module, and resistance R1 can be substituted with resistance shunt capacitance or constant-current source, equally can be with Realizing goal of the invention, the peak voltage on triode TR1 and triode TR2 can be absorbed when power module powers on by capacitor C1, Triode is avoided therefore to burn, to realize the soft start of power module.Fig. 3-7 shows the another kind of first embodiment Embodiment, start-up circuit include that electric current provides device resistance R1 and capacitor C1, and the one end resistance R1 is starting input terminal, another End is starting output end, and capacitor C1 and resistance R1 are in parallel, and resistance R1 can be substituted with constant-current source device, the usage of this constant-current source Part has been filled in China is application No. is 201110200894.5 to disclose, and no longer provides explanation here.

Second embodiment

4 are please referred to, is second embodiment of the invention power module schematic diagram, exists with Fig. 3 difference of first embodiment It has been integrated into inside power module in by output rectifier diode D1 shown in Fig. 3-2, for being reluctant exterior design output rectification For the client of circuit, such design can satisfy its demand.Remove input filter capacitor and output filter inside the present embodiment Wave capacitor, the power-supply system of client still can satisfy the design method of electromagnetic compatibility and theoretical foundation has been described above, herein It does not or else repeat equally.

The beneficial effect of second embodiment is, the original system of client can directly use the without making any change The power module of two embodiments substitutes all original modules as shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, extremely easy to use.

Equally, the diode that second embodiment is internally integrated is further added by a diode D2, obtains the embodiment of Fig. 4-1, It can get doubleway output altogether；

Fig. 4-2, which is shown, is further added by a winding N inside second embodiment_S2, series diode D2 easily obtains not altogether Two-way more than output, equally, the technical solution of Fig. 4-2 is further added by a diode, can obtain three tunnels output, wherein Two tunnels altogether, not altogether with third road；It is further further added by a diode, totally four diodes, can get the output of four tunnels, Wherein altogether, altogether, the first via, the second road and tetra- tunnel third Lu Yu be not total on tetra- tunnel third Lu Yu for the first via, the second tunnel Ground.

Start-up circuit includes that electric current provides device resistance R1 and capacitor C1, and the one end resistance R1 is starting input terminal, the other end To start output end, capacitor C1 is changed to and resistance R1 parallel connection, equally realization goal of the invention.Resistance R1, or be constant-current source device, The usage of this constant-current source has been filled part in China is application No. is 201110200894.5 and is disclosed, and no longer provides explanation here.

3rd embodiment

Fig. 5-1, Fig. 5-2 and Fig. 5-3 are please referred to, is third embodiment of the invention power module driving transformer B1 magnetic core three Kind structural schematic diagram, the same the first embodiment or the second embodiment of circuit diagram structure, which is not described herein again.

The magnetic core that the inventive concept of 3rd embodiment is driving transformer B1 is made of principal part and part, and part is identical First reach magnetic saturation than the principal part under ascending magnetic field excitation, in this way, which magnetic core is at work, part only exists Moment is close to or up to local first quartile saturation point or third quadrant saturation point, and other time is all in intrinsic first quartile Between saturation point and third quadrant saturation point, since self-excited push-pull type transducer can consume a large amount of energy in core saturation, Local magnetic is full to replace all magnetically saturated inventive concepts that can efficiency is significantly improved.This magnetic core is in the industry cycle claimed For Rong Ling magnetic core.The working principle of this part may refer to China, and application No. is 201110436359.X, 201110436259.7 Patent specification.

The A of magnetic core principal part shown in Fig. 5-1 is identical with part B material, and principal part sectional area is greater than partial cross section's product, the part First reach magnetic saturation than the principal part under identical ascending magnetic field excitation.Part at work, only connects in moment Closely or reach local first quartile saturation point or third quadrant saturation point, it is better locally to account for the smaller effect of entire core length；Figure Application No. is the schemes of Fig. 7, Fig. 8 in 201220206952 from China for the magnetic core of 5-1, have only gone on magnetic core two here Protrusion.

The A of magnetic core principal part shown in Fig. 5-2 and part B material be not identical, and principal part sectional area is less than partial cross section's product, local use The material of high permeability realizes that part first reaches magnetic saturation than principal part under identical ascending magnetic field excitation.Part exists When work, it only is close to or up to local first quartile saturation point or third quadrant saturation point in moment, it is long locally to account for entire magnetic core It is better to spend smaller effect；

The A of magnetic core principal part shown in Fig. 5-3 is identical with local B-section product, and material is different, if local magnetic conductivity is greater than principal part magnetic The material of conductance, i.e. local use more high permeability can also realize part under identical ascending magnetic field excitation than master Portion first reaches magnetic saturation.Part at work, is only close to or up to local first quartile saturation point in moment or third quadrant is full And point, it is better locally to account for the smaller effect of entire core length.Application No. is 201220206952 from China for the magnetic core of Fig. 5-3 In Figure 12 scheme.

Fourth embodiment

Referring to Fig. 6, being fourth embodiment of the invention power module exemplar schematic figure, being different from the first embodiment place is Including capacitor C4, in the both ends shunt capacitance C4 of resistance R2, when main transformer B2 exports appearance short circuit, because of the presence of C4, electricity The frequency of oscillation of circuit increases in source module, although in high frequency, the efficiency of transmission of driving transformer B1 reduces, this is also known Switching Power Supply magnetic core material characteristic.After the feedback voltage that triode TR1 or triode TR2 are obtained reduces, but frequency increases, The internal resistance reduction of capacitor C4 compensates for feedback voltage reduction, so that circuit is able to maintain to vibrate in high frequency.At this moment, main transformer pressure Device B2 is equally because efficiency of transmission drops lower, and loss caused by secondary short circuit, conversion to primary side is simultaneously little, the work electricity of circuit Stream can control in lower range, obtain output short circuit protection function, working principle be detailed in China application No. is The working principle of 201110247645.1 documents, especially 0077 section to 0083 section describes.

5th embodiment

Referring to Fig. 7, the schematic diagram applied in the power supply system for power module of the present invention, what the present embodiment was applied is the The power module of one implementation example figure 3-6, input filter capacitor C2 and diode D1, D2, output filter capacitor C3 and C5 are by client It designs, is welded on the circuit board of client in its power-supply system, the distance between capacitor C2, C3 and C5 and power module ≤ λ/11, C2 can be the output filter capacitor of upper level Switching Power Supply, without specially installing.

The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that above-mentioned preferred embodiment is not construed as pair Limitation of the invention.For those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, Several improvements and modifications can also be made, as N-type triode is changed into p-type, in turn supply voltage；Or use metal-oxide-semiconductor Realize above-mentioned constant-current source circuit；And design of the invention is applied to the power supply mould using non-self-excited push-pull type transducer Block and power-supply system, these modifications and embellishments should also be considered as the scope of protection of the present invention, is no longer repeated here with embodiment, this The protection scope of invention should be defined by the scope defined by the claims..

Claims

1. a kind of power module, it is characterised in that: include at least four terminals, respectively input plus end, input ground, two it is defeated Terminal out, and including start-up circuit, resistance R2, triode TR1, triode TR2, driving transformer B1, main transformer B2, drive Dynamic transformer B1 includes primary side winding N_m, feedback winding N_B1And N_B2；Main transformer B2 includes primary side winding N_P1And N_P2, Yi Jizhi A few vice-side winding N_S1；Start-up circuit includes at least two terminals, starting input terminal and starting output end；Start input terminal to connect The input plus end of power module is connect, starting output end connects feedback winding N_B1And N_B2Centre cap；Triode TR1 and TR2 Emitter be connected to the input of power module, collector is separately connected primary side winding N_P1And N_P2Two ends, base stage It is separately connected feedback winding N_B1And N_B2Two ends；Primary side winding N_P1And N_P2Centre cap connection power module input Plus end；Primary side winding N_mIt connects with resistance R2, two terminals after series connection are respectively connected to the current collection of triode TR1, TR2 Pole；Vice-side winding N_S1Both ends connection power module two output terminals.

2. power module according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: start-up circuit includes that electric current provides device and capacitor C1, electric current provide device one end as starting input terminal, and the other end is starting output end, and capacitor C1 and electric current provide device parallel connection, It is resistance that electric current, which provides device, or is constant-current source device.

3. power module according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: start-up circuit further includes a third terminal, and Start-up circuit includes that electric current provides device and capacitor C1, and it is starting input terminal that electric current, which provides device one end, and the other end is defeated to start Outlet, third terminal connection input ground, the one end capacitor C1 are connected to starting output end, and the other end of capacitor C1 is third terminal, It is resistance that electric current, which provides device, or is constant-current source device.

4. power module according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: vice-side winding N_S1Any end and its connection electricity A diode D1 is at least connected between the output terminal of source module.

5. power module according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the magnetic core of driving transformer B1 is by principal part and local group At principal part is identical with local material, and sectional area is different；Or principal part is identical with local sectional area, material is different.

6. power module according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: including capacitor C4, in the both ends of resistance R2 electricity in parallel Hold C4.

7. power module according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: the capacitance of capacitor C4 is less than 1000pf.

8. a kind of power-supply system using the described in any item power modules of claim 1 to 7, it is characterised in that: in power supply mould Shunt capacitance C2 between the input plus end of block and input ground, shunt capacitance C3 between two output terminals, and capacitor C2 and electricity Holding C3 is the corresponding wavelength of working frequency of power module with the distance between power module≤λ/11, λ.

9. a kind of power-supply system using the described in any item power modules of claim 1 to 7, it is characterised in that: in power supply mould Shunt capacitance C2 between the input plus end of block and input ground, shunt capacitance C3 and Diode series group between two output terminals At circuit, and capacitor C2 and capacitor C3 are the working frequency pair of power module with the distance between power module≤λ/11, λ The wavelength answered.