CN109470775B - Soil landslide infrasound signal identification and field monitoring device and method - Google Patents
Soil landslide infrasound signal identification and field monitoring device and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a soil landslide infrasound signal identification and field monitoring device, which comprises: a plurality of ground infrasound monitoring sites and an underground infrasound monitoring site which form an array; the ground monitoring station and the underground monitoring station are respectively connected with a data acquisition center; the ground infrasound monitoring station comprises: monitoring stake (1), platform base (3), first time acoustic sensor (4) and waterproof box (5), monitoring stake (1) installation is fixed on platform base (3) on earth's surface, first time acoustic sensor (4) are installed in the waterproof box (5) on monitoring stake (1). Based on the device, the invention also provides a soil landslide infrasound signal identification and field monitoring method, which can monitor landslide. The invention adopts a ground surface and underground combined monitoring method to eliminate the interference of infrasound sources in the environment and improve the detection capability of landslide infrasound signals.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil landslide monitoring and measuring, in particular to a soil landslide infrasound signal identification and field monitoring device and method.
Background
Landslide is the most widespread and frequent geological disaster in China. The method is characterized by having the characteristics of being sudden and high in destructiveness and seriously threatening the safety of lives and properties of people. From the mechanical point of view of instability of the slope, the essence of causing landslide is that the gliding force is greater than the anti-sliding force. The change of the hydrological parameters is the cause of the change of the mechanical state at the sliding surface, and the displacement change is the external macroscopic expression of the strain caused by the change of the mechanical state at the sliding surface. Therefore, no matter the hydrological parameters or the displacement changes are monitored, the landslide does not occur essentially, so that a reliable landslide early warning threshold is difficult to establish, and the landslide early warning accuracy is low.
Infrasound is used as an important monitoring means to be more and more widely applied to geological disaster monitoring and early warning, and becomes a research hotspot. Before the surface or deep part displacement of the soil landslide occurs, the rock soil on the slope is extruded, sheared and rubbed under the long-term action of gravity, and infrasonic waves are released. The unbalanced mechanical state at the sliding surface can firstly cause the sliding surface to generate strain and generate micro-deformation sliding, the soil body belongs to a typical non-uniform discrete material, and the friction between particles at the sliding surface is accompanied with the micro-sliding, so that an infrasound signal is generated. According to the characteristics, infrasound signal monitoring is established, and the law and physical characteristics including frequency and amplitude of infrasound generated by microslip are analyzed. The infrasound wave has the propagation characteristics of low frequency, long wavelength, strong penetrating power, slow attenuation and the like, and infrasound signals can be monitored by the infrasound sensor at a long distance, so that remote monitoring can be realized.
The infrasonic wave can realize regional monitoring, and landslide is monitored in a large region, equipment does not need to be installed in a landslide area, and the problems that landslide is not generated in a monitoring area and a nearby non-monitoring area in a traditional method are avoided. However, the problems existing in the existing infrasound monitoring method for monitoring landslide are as follows: due to the fact that a plurality of infrasound interference sources exist in the atmosphere, the infrasound method for monitoring the soil landslide is easily interfered by environmental noise, and false alarms are caused.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention overcomes the defect that soil landslide monitored by an infrasound method is easily interfered by environmental noise, provides a device and a method for identifying infrasound signals of soil landslide and monitoring the infrasound signals in the field, collects the infrasound signals on the ground and underground, eliminates interference sources and realizes effective early warning of landslide.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a soil landslide infrasound signal identification and field monitoring device, comprising: a plurality of ground infrasound monitoring sites and an underground infrasound monitoring site which form an array; the ground monitoring station and the underground monitoring station are respectively connected with a data acquisition center; the ground infrasound monitoring station comprises: monitoring stake 1, platform base 3, first time acoustic sensor 4 and waterproof box 5, monitoring stake 1 installation is fixed on the platform base 3 on earth's surface, first time acoustic sensor 4 installs 5 in the waterproof box on monitoring stake 1.
As an improvement of the device, the monitoring pile 1 is fixedly arranged on a platform base 3 on the ground surface through an embedded part 2; the first secondary acoustic sensor 4 is connected with a data acquisition center through a signal transmission line.
As an improvement of the above device, the above ground infrasound monitoring station further comprises: an acoustic duct 6, wherein the first secondary acoustic sensor 4 is communicated with the outside atmosphere through the acoustic duct 6, and the tail end of the acoustic duct 6 is buried in the underground shallow layer and is covered by a stone heap 7.
As an improvement of the device, the above ground infrasound monitoring station array is a ternary triangular array, a quaternary triangular array, a quinary central array, a pentagonal array or a hexabasic central array.
As an improvement of the above apparatus, the underground infrasound monitoring station comprises: the acoustic pipeline 9 in the underground, a plurality of sound inlet hole 10 and the second time acoustic sensor 8 along the length direction of underground acoustic pipeline 9, the setting of second time acoustic sensor 8 stretches out ground department in underground acoustic pipeline 9's upper end, second time acoustic sensor 8 passes through signal transmission line and links with the data acquisition center.
A soil landslide infrasound signal identification and field monitoring method based on the device comprises the following steps:
step 1) the data acquisition center combines data sent by a first infrasound sensor 4 of an above-ground infrasound monitoring station to obtain a combined infrasound signal;
step 2) carrying out multichannel correlation analysis on the combined infrasound signal to eliminate an interference infrasound source in the atmospheric environment;
step 3) processing the combined infrasound signal for eliminating the interference infrasound source by a time delay estimation method and a geometric positioning method, calculating the azimuth angle of the signal, carrying out statistical analysis on the azimuth angle, preliminarily judging whether the signal is a landslide signal, if so, turning to step 4), and otherwise, turning to step 1);
step 4) carrying out signal analysis on the combined infrasound signal, analyzing the frequency spectrum, time frequency, energy change and wavelet analysis of the combined infrasound signal, and finding out the main frequency of the combined infrasound signal; extracting the characteristic quantity of the signal;
step 5) based on a feature library of the landslide infrasound signals, further determining whether the combined infrasound signals are landslide signals according to the main frequency and the feature quantity of the combined infrasound signals, if so, turning to step 6), and otherwise, turning to step 1);
step 6) carrying out correlation analysis on the combined infrasound signal and a signal of a second secondary sound sensor 8 acquired by a data acquisition center; if the two signals are correlated, the signal is determined to be a landslide signal, and a landslide early warning signal is issued.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
1. the method can locate the position of the secondary sound source by establishing the infrasound sensor array and using the array technology, and determine the exact place of the landslide;
2. before the surface or deep part displacement of the soil landslide occurs, the rock soil on the slope is extruded, sheared and rubbed under the long-term action of gravity, and infrasonic waves are released;
3. according to the method, the interference of infrasound sources in the environment is eliminated by adopting a ground surface and underground combined monitoring method, and the detection capability of landslide infrasound signals is improved;
4. according to the invention, the surface infrasound sensor is connected to the acoustic duct, and the tail end of the surface infrasound sensor is paved by porous media such as stones, so that the influence of wind in the environment is eliminated, and a better signal is obtained;
5. the underground pipeline is adopted, the hole is opened along the length direction of the pipeline, the infrasonic wave signal generated by the underground slip surface is received, and the better underground infrasonic wave signal can be obtained due to the reduction of pipeline propagation attenuation;
6. the method establishes the law and physical characteristics, such as frequency and amplitude, of infrasonic waves generated by landslide micro-sliding, and can establish a reliable landslide early warning threshold value and improve the landslide early warning accuracy rate by essentially falling to the landslide;
7. the device of the invention has low construction cost, wide monitoring range and easy installation, so the whole set of monitoring method has strong field adaptability and wide application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an above ground infrasound monitoring site of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the installation of the acoustic duct of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of various forms of an array of infrasonic transducers and different numbers of transducers (from left to right, respectively, a ternary triangular array, a quaternary square array, a quinary central array, a pentagonal array, and a hexahydric central array);
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an above ground infrasound monitoring station;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an experiment for establishing a landslide model;
FIG. 6 is a waveform diagram of a model landslide experiment signal;
FIG. 7 is a graph of a signal spectrum of a model landslide experiment;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of frequency ranges for statistical analysis of dominant frequencies over multiple experiments.
The attached drawings are as follows:
1. monitoring pile 2, embedded part 3, platform base 4 and primary acoustic sensor
5. Waterproof box 6, acoustic catheter 7, stone heap 8, secondary acoustic sensor
9. Underground acoustic pipeline 10 and sound inlet hole
Detailed Description
The technical principle of the invention is as follows:
firstly, the infrasound wave has the propagation characteristics of low frequency, long wavelength, strong penetrating power, slow attenuation and the like, and the infrasound signal can be monitored by an infrasound sensor at a long distance, so that remote monitoring can be realized. Therefore, the infrasonic wave can realize area monitoring, and a plurality of landslide events can be monitored by arranging the infrasonic wave sensor in a large landslide area.
Secondly, an infrasound sensor array technology is adopted, and multi-channel signal information is utilized to perform correlation analysis and fusion processing, so that the method has strong environmental noise interference capability, can locate the position of an infrasound source, and determines the exact place where the landslide occurs.
Thirdly, the underground pipeline is adopted, the hole is opened along the length direction of the pipeline, the infrasonic wave signals generated by the underground slip surface are received, the pipeline propagation attenuation is reduced, better underground infrasonic wave signals can be obtained, and the pipeline propagation attenuation and the ground surface sensor are subjected to correlation analysis, wherein the infrasonic wave signals are from different media, but from the same sound source. Through the correlation analysis of the two signals, the interference of environmental noise can be filtered, mutual verification is realized, the landslide infrasound signal detection accuracy is improved, and the false alarm rate is reduced.
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, a soil landslide infrasound signal identification and field monitoring device comprises: a plurality of overground infrasound monitoring stations and underground infrasound monitoring stations which form an array; the ground monitoring station and the underground monitoring station are respectively connected with the data acquisition center.
The ground infrasound monitoring station comprises: monitoring stake 1, platform base 3, first time acoustic sensor 4, waterproof box 5 and acoustics pipe 6, monitoring stake 1 passes through built-in fitting 2 to be installed and fix on the platform base 3 on earth's surface, and first time acoustic sensor 4 is installed in the waterproof box on monitoring stake 1 5, and first time acoustic sensor 4 passes through signal transmission line and data acquisition center hookup respectively.
As shown in fig. 2, the first sub-acoustic sensor 4 is connected to the outside atmosphere through a section of acoustic conduit 6, which is buried in the shallow underground layer at the end of the air conduit and is covered with a stone pile 7 at the opening. The pebble pile 7 is used as a porous medium, and is beneficial to reducing the influence of wind noise.
As shown in fig. 3, a plurality of above-ground infrasound monitoring stations form an array, which can be formed by a plurality of forms and different numbers of infrasound sensors, and landslide infrasound sources are positioned by an array technology. The above-ground infrasound monitoring station array is a ternary triangular array, a quaternary triangular array, a quinary central array, a pentagonal array or a hexabasic central array
As shown in fig. 4, the subsurface infrasound monitoring site includes: the hole that pierces through the slip surface to the basement rock through underground drilling, buries underground acoustic pipeline 9 to along having beaten the tiny sound inlet hole 10 of a plurality of pipe length direction, the upper end of underground acoustic pipeline 9 stretches out ground and connects secondary acoustic sensor 8, and secondary acoustic sensor 8 receives the infrasonic signal who comes from underground, and secondary acoustic sensor 8 passes through signal transmission line and links with the data acquisition center.
Based on the device, the invention also provides a soil landslide infrasound signal identification and monitoring method, which comprises the following steps:
step 1) the data acquisition center combines data sent by first-time acoustic sensors 4 of a plurality of above-ground infrasound monitoring stations on the ground to obtain combined infrasound signals;
step 2) carrying out multichannel correlation analysis on the combined infrasound signal to eliminate an interference infrasound source in the atmospheric environment;
step 3) processing the combined infrasound signal for eliminating the interference infrasound source by a time delay estimation method and a geometric positioning method, calculating the azimuth angle of the signal, carrying out statistical analysis on the azimuth angle, preliminarily judging whether the signal is a landslide signal, if so, turning to step 4), and otherwise, turning to step 1);
step 4) carrying out signal analysis on the combined infrasound signal, analyzing the frequency spectrum, time frequency, energy change and wavelet analysis of the combined infrasound signal, and finding out the main frequency of the combined infrasound signal; extracting the characteristic quantity of the signal;
step 5) based on a feature library of the landslide infrasound signals, further determining whether the combined infrasound signals are landslide signals according to the main frequency and the feature quantity of the combined infrasound signals, if so, turning to step 6), and otherwise, turning to step 1);
step 6) carrying out correlation analysis on the combined infrasound signal and a signal of a second secondary sound sensor 8 acquired by a data acquisition center; if the two signals are correlated, the signal is determined to be a landslide signal, and a landslide early warning signal is issued.
According to the characteristic that the landslide infrasound signals are from the same source, the signals received by the ground infrasound monitoring station are related to the signals received underground, but the noise is irrelevant, and then further correlation confirmation analysis is carried out to finally judge whether the landslide infrasound signals exist.
A plurality of infrasound sensor monitoring pile stations are established on the ground surface to form an infrasound array, and the interference of environmental noise is reduced and the detection capability of typical infrasound waves of soil landslide is improved through an array signal processing method, a multi-channel correlation algorithm and a spectrum analysis method. The influence of infrasound interference sources in the atmosphere can be eliminated by carrying out relevant processing on the earth surface infrasound sensor for receiving infrasound in the atmosphere and the infrasound sensor for receiving underground infrasound. Because the propagation attenuation of infrasound in the underground pipeline is reduced, and interference sources in the external environment are difficult to enter, the signal-to-noise ratio is better. On the earth surface, infrasound arrays for soil landslides are more easily established. By combining the two, the influence of an interference source can be effectively eliminated, and the landslide event can be effectively monitored.
The landslide monitoring model experiment is developed by adopting the device and the method of the invention as follows:
the experiment adopts the manual mode to simulate the soil landslide, the experimental model is as shown in figure 5, the cement platform is used as a foundation in the figure, the upper surface of the cement platform is provided with a groove, clay is filled into the groove, the part higher than the plane of the cement platform is piled up into a slope shape by a mould, and all the clay is tamped and compacted to form a whole. The rigid conduit plays a role in conducting sound waves, one end of the rigid conduit is connected with the sensor, and the other end of the rigid conduit is embedded in the upper portion of the slope body and is compacted and fixed for collecting infrasonic signals. The sensor is connected with the data acquisition and transmission instrument through a signal line.
During the experiment, the jack pushes the push plate to uniformly apply force on the sliding body so as to simulate the component force of the self gravity of the sliding body along the sliding direction when the sliding slope is generated, the thrust is slowly applied until the sliding body slides integrally, and the upper surface of the cement platform is the sliding surface of the sliding slope. The signals generated in the process are acquired by the sensor and are uploaded to an upper computer for processing and analysis after being sampled by the data acquisition and transmission instrument. Fig. 6 is a waveform diagram of a model landslide experiment signal. Fig. 7 is a graph of a signal spectrum of a model landslide experiment. 30 groups of experiments are carried out, 137 frequency components are collected for statistical analysis, the main frequency components of the landslide infrasound signal are normally distributed, and the main frequency is 1-3Hz, as shown in figure 8.
The infrasound signal data generated by the landslide model experiment are analyzed, so that the main frequency energy of the infrasound signal is concentrated and is in a stable frequency range, and the monitoring and early warning of the soil landslide by using the infrasound technology can be realized.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a soil landslide infrasound signal identification and field monitoring's device which characterized in that, the device includes: a plurality of ground infrasound monitoring sites and an underground infrasound monitoring site which form an array; the ground infrasound monitoring station and the underground infrasound monitoring station are respectively connected with the data acquisition center; the ground infrasound monitoring station comprises: the system comprises a monitoring pile (1), a platform foundation (3), a first-time acoustic sensor (4) and a waterproof box (5), wherein the monitoring pile (1) is installed and fixed on the platform foundation (3) on the ground surface, and the first-time acoustic sensor (4) is installed in the waterproof box (5) on the monitoring pile (1);
the ground infrasound monitoring station further comprises: an acoustic duct (6), wherein the first secondary acoustic sensor (4) is communicated with the outside atmosphere through the acoustic duct (6), and the tail end of the acoustic duct (6) is buried in the underground shallow layer and is covered by a stone stack (7);
the underground infrasound monitoring site comprises: the acoustic pipeline of underground (9), a plurality of along acoustic inlet hole (10) and second time acoustic sensor (8) of underground acoustic pipeline (9) length direction, ground department is stretched out in the upper end of underground acoustic pipeline (9) in second time acoustic sensor (8) setting, second time acoustic sensor (8) are linked together through signal transmission line and data acquisition center.
2. The soil landslide infrasound signal identification and field monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein the monitoring pile (1) is fixedly installed on a foundation (3) of the ground surface through an embedded part (2); the first secondary sound sensor (4) is connected with the data acquisition center through a signal transmission line.
3. The soil landslide infrasound signal identification and field monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the above ground infrasound monitoring site component array is a ternary triangular array, a quaternary triangular array, a quinary central array, a pentagonal array or a hexabasic central array.
4. A soil landslide infrasonic signal identification and monitoring method implemented based on the apparatus of one of claims 1-3, the method comprising:
step 1), a data acquisition center combines data sent by a first infrasound sensor (4) of an above-ground infrasound monitoring station to obtain a combined infrasound signal;
step 2) carrying out multichannel correlation analysis on the combined infrasound signal to eliminate an interference infrasound source in the atmospheric environment;
step 3) processing the combined infrasound signal for eliminating the interference infrasound source by a time delay estimation method and a geometric positioning method, calculating the azimuth angle of the signal, carrying out statistical analysis on the azimuth angle, preliminarily judging whether the signal is a landslide signal, if so, turning to step 4), and otherwise, turning to step 1);
step 4) carrying out signal analysis on the combined infrasound signal, analyzing the frequency spectrum, time frequency, energy change and wavelet analysis of the combined infrasound signal, and finding out the main frequency of the combined infrasound signal; extracting the characteristic quantity of the signal;
step 5) based on a feature library of the landslide infrasound signals, further determining whether the combined infrasound signals are landslide signals according to the main frequency and the feature quantity of the combined infrasound signals, if so, turning to step 6), and otherwise, turning to step 1);
step 6) carrying out correlation analysis on the combined infrasound signal and a signal of a second secondary sound sensor (8) acquired by a data acquisition center; if the two signals are correlated, the signal is determined to be a landslide signal, and a landslide early warning signal is issued.
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| CN110196448B (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2020-06-16 | 成都信息工程大学 | Landslide infrasound signal identification method |
| CN110426458A (en) * | 2019-07-05 | 2019-11-08 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | A kind of new method and monitoring system using Elastic Wave Velocity prediction landslide |
| CN110824427A (en) * | 2019-10-21 | 2020-02-21 | 中国人民解放军陆军勤务学院 | Inclined triangular pyramid sound pressure testing device and spatial secondary sound source directional positioning method thereof |
| CN111399012A (en) * | 2020-03-20 | 2020-07-10 | 中国矿业大学 | Method for monitoring reservoir water level by utilizing GNSS tri-frequency phase combined data |
| CN111412979A (en) * | 2020-04-26 | 2020-07-14 | 伟宸科技（武汉）有限公司 | Ultralow-frequency infrasound abnormal signal distinguishing method |
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