CN109459779B - Laser implosion diagnosis system - Google Patents
Laser implosion diagnosis system Download PDFInfo
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- CN109459779B CN109459779B CN201910014052.7A CN201910014052A CN109459779B CN 109459779 B CN109459779 B CN 109459779B CN 201910014052 A CN201910014052 A CN 201910014052A CN 109459779 B CN109459779 B CN 109459779B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/10—Nuclear fusion reactors
Abstract
The invention discloses a laser implosion diagnosis system which comprises a filter disc, a double-channel X-ray imaging system and a double-channel X-ray stripe camera. The dual-channel X-ray fringe camera comprises a dual-channel X-ray scanning image converter tube, an optical fiber cone, an image intensifier and an image recording system. The double-channel X-ray scanning image converter tube comprises a plurality of groups of electronic focusing systems and scanning deflection electrodes, and can realize double-scanning speed detection of X-rays. The whole process of target pellet compression in the laser implosion physical experiment is measured by a slow-scan channel, and the core-gathering implosion process of the target pellet is measured by a fast-scan channel. The laser implosion diagnosis system has compact structure and large dynamic range, can measure the whole process of target pill compression in a laser implosion physical experiment, can also measure the process of target pill heart-gathering implosion needing to be studied in detail at the same time with high time resolution, and has wide application prospect in the research of laser inertia constraint fusion implosion physical experiment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the fields of laser fusion research and X-ray detection, and particularly relates to a laser implosion diagnosis system.
Background
In the research of laser inertial confinement fusion implosion physical experiments, the precise detection of the compression process of the target pill is very important research content. By diagnosing the target pill compression process, key physical information such as implosion speed, shell residual quality, implosion core focusing time and the like can be obtained. However, with the development of laser fusion research, a long pulse laser of tens of nanoseconds is used to drive and compress the target pellet, and the time course of the core implosion of the target pellet is only hundreds of picoseconds. To further understand the physical process of laser driven implosion of a target pellet, it is necessary to obtain both the full time course of the target pellet and the rapid course of the change in the time period of the target pellet's focused implosion in the same diagnosis. This is important for verifying the theoretical model program and finally realizing the implosion ignition.
Laser implosion procedures are typically diagnosed using a diagnostic system of an imaging system in combination with an X-ray streak camera [ Liu Shenye, yang Guohong, zhang Jiyan, etc.. Intense laser and particle beam.23, 12 (2011) ]. However, such diagnostic systems can only select a single scan rate to measure the signal under test. In order to observe the change process of the target pill in the whole time, only a slow scanning speed gear with a longer time window can be selected, the time resolution of the system is hundreds of picoseconds, and the high time resolution measurement of the process of the heart-focusing implosion of the target pill cannot be carried out; the high time resolution measurement of the process of focusing and implosion of the target pellets can only be selected to have a high time resolution fast scan speed, and the measurement time window at the moment can only be hundreds of picoseconds to a few nanoseconds, and the whole process of changing the target pellets cannot be obtained.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a laser implosion diagnosis system.
The laser implosion diagnosis system of the invention is characterized in that: the system comprises a filter disc, a double-channel X-ray imaging system and a double-channel X-ray stripe camera which are sequentially arranged along the z-axis direction;
the dual-channel X-ray imaging system comprises an imaging system I and an imaging system II which are sequentially arranged along the y-axis direction;
the dual-channel X-ray stripe camera comprises a dual-channel X-ray scanning image converter tube, an optical fiber cone, an image intensifier and an image recording system which are sequentially arranged along the z-axis direction;
the double-channel X-ray scanning image converter tube comprises a photocathode slit plate, a photocathode, a focusing electrode assembly, a deflection electrode assembly, a separation plate and a fluorescent screen which are sequentially arranged along the z-axis direction;
the focusing electrode assembly comprises a grid electrode I, a grid electrode II, a time direction prefocusing electrode I, a time direction prefocusing electrode II, a time direction prefocusing electrode I, a time direction prefooming electrode II, an electric quadrupole lens I and an electric quadrupole lens focusing electrode II, a time direction main anode I, a time direction main anode II, a time direction main focusing electrode I, a time direction main focusing electrode II, an anode hole electrode I and an anode hole electrode II;
the deflection electrode assembly comprises a deflection electrode I and a deflection electrode II along the y-axis direction;
the photocathode slit plate comprises a photocathode slit I and a photocathode slit II which are sequentially arranged along the y-axis direction, and the slit directions of the photocathode slit I and the photocathode slit II are along the x-axis direction;
the center positions of the grid electrode I and the grid electrode II are respectively provided with a slit III and a slit IV, and the slit directions of the slit III and the slit IV are along the x-axis direction;
the center positions of the anode hole electrode I and the anode hole electrode II are respectively provided with a slit V and a slit VI, and the slit directions of the slit V and the slit VI are along the x-axis direction;
the centers of the photocathode slit I, the grid I, the time direction pre-focusing electrode I, the time direction pre-anode I, the electric quadrupole lens I, the time direction main anode I, the time direction main focusing electrode I, the anode hole electrode I and the deflection electrode I are positioned on a straight line along the z-axis direction;
the centers of the photocathode slit II, the grid II, the time direction pre-focusing electrode II, the time direction pre-anode II, the electric quadrupole lens II, the time direction main anode II, the time direction main focusing electrode II, the anode hole electrode II and the deflection electrode II are positioned on another parallel straight line along the z-axis direction;
the x-axis, the y-axis and the z-axis are located in a space rectangular coordinate system.
The dual-channel X-ray imaging system is a dual-channel KB microscope system.
The dual-channel X-ray imaging system may also be a dual-channel pinhole system.
The optical fiber cone is an image-shrinking optical fiber cone.
The image recording system is a CCD.
The laser implosion diagnosis system can realize double-scanning-speed detection of X rays. The whole process of target pellet compression in the laser implosion physical experiment is measured by a slow-scan channel, and the core-gathering implosion process of the target pellet is measured by a fast-scan channel. The laser implosion diagnosis system has compact structure and large dynamic range, can measure the whole process of target pill compression in a laser implosion physical experiment, can also measure the process of target pill heart-gathering implosion needing to be studied in detail at the same time with high time resolution, and has wide application prospect in the research of laser inertia constraint fusion implosion physical experiment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a laser implosion diagnostic system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a dual-channel X-ray scanning image converter tube in a laser implosion diagnosis system of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. the electron beam source comprises a target 2, a filter 3, a dual-channel X-ray imaging system 4, a dual-channel X-ray fringe camera 5, an imaging system I6, an imaging system II 7, a dual-channel X-ray scanning image converter tube 8, a fiber cone 9, an image intensifier 10, an image recording system 11, a photocathode slit plate 12, a photocathode 13, a focusing electrode assembly 14, a deflection electrode assembly 15, a separation plate 16, a fluorescent screen 17, a photocathode slit I18, a photocathode slit II 19, a grid I20, a grid II 21, a time direction prefocusing electrode I22, a time direction prefocusing electrode II 23, a time direction prefocusing electrode I24, a time direction prefocusing electrode II 25, an electric quadrupole lens I26, an electric quadrupole lens II 27, a time direction main anode I28, a time direction main anode II 29, a time direction main focusing electrode I30, a time direction main focusing electrode II 31, an anode hole electrode I32, an anode hole electrode II 33, a deflection electrode II 34, a deflection electrode II 35, a slit 36, a slit IV 37, a slit V38, an electron beam VI, and an electron beam II.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the laser implosion diagnosis system of the present invention comprises a filter 2, a dual-channel X-ray imaging system 3 and a dual-channel X-ray fringe camera 4 which are sequentially arranged along the z-axis direction;
the dual-channel X-ray imaging system 3 comprises an imaging system I5 and an imaging system II 6 which are sequentially arranged along the y-axis direction;
the dual-channel X-ray streak camera 4 comprises a dual-channel X-ray scanning image converter tube 7, an optical fiber cone 8, an image intensifier 9 and an image recording system 10 which are sequentially arranged along the z-axis direction;
the dual-channel X-ray scanning image converter tube 7 comprises a photocathode slit plate 11, a photocathode 12, a focusing electrode assembly 13, a deflection electrode assembly 14, a separation plate 15 and a fluorescent screen 16 which are sequentially arranged along the z-axis direction;
the focusing electrode assembly 13 comprises a grid electrode I19, a grid electrode II 20, a time direction prefocusing electrode I21, a time direction prefocusing electrode II 22, a time direction prefocusing electrode I23, a time direction prefooming electrode II 24, an electric quadrupole lens I25, an electric quadrupole lens focusing electrode II 26, a time direction main anode I27, a time direction main anode II 28, a time direction main focusing electrode I29, a time direction main focusing electrode II 30, an anode hole electrode I31 and an anode hole electrode II 32;
the deflection electrode assembly 14 comprises a deflection electrode I33 and a deflection electrode II 34 along the y-axis direction;
the photocathode slit plate 11 comprises a photocathode slit I17 and a photocathode slit II 18 which are sequentially arranged along the y-axis direction, and the slit directions of the photocathode slit I17 and the photocathode slit II 18 are along the x-axis direction;
the center positions of the grid I19 and the grid II 20 are respectively provided with a slit III 35 and a slit IV 36, and the slit directions of the slit III 35 and the slit IV 36 are along the x-axis direction;
the center positions of the anode hole electrode I31 and the anode hole electrode II 32 are respectively provided with a slit V37 and a slit VI 38, and the slit directions of the slit V37 and the slit VI 38 are along the x-axis direction;
the centers of the photocathode slit I17, the grid electrode I19, the time direction prefocusing electrode I21, the time direction prefocusing electrode I23, the electric quadrupole lens I25, the time direction main anode I27, the time direction main focusing electrode I29, the anode hole electrode I31 and the deflection electrode I33 are positioned on a straight line along the z-axis direction;
the centers of the photocathode slit II 18, the grid II 20, the time direction pre-focusing electrode II 22, the time direction pre-anode II 24, the electric quadrupole lens II 26, the time direction main anode II 28, the time direction main focusing electrode II 30, the anode hole electrode II 32 and the deflection electrode II 34 are positioned on another parallel straight line along the z-axis direction;
the x-axis, the y-axis and the z-axis are located in a space rectangular coordinate system.
The dual-channel X-ray imaging system 3 is a dual-channel KB microscope system.
The dual-channel X-ray imaging system 3 may also be a dual-channel pinhole system.
The optical fiber taper 8 is an image-shrinking optical fiber taper.
The image recording system 10 is a CCD.
Example 1
In this embodiment, corresponding working voltages are applied to the photocathode 12, the gate electrode i 19, the gate electrode ii 20, the time direction prefocusing electrode i 21, the time direction prefocusing electrode ii 22, the time direction prefocusing electrode i 23, the time direction prefocusing electrode ii 24, the quadrupole lens i 25, the quadrupole lens focus ii 26, the time direction main anode i 27, the time direction main anode ii 28, the time direction main focusing electrode i 29, the time direction main focusing electrode ii 30, the anode hole electrode i 31, the anode hole electrode ii 32, the deflection electrode i 33 and the deflection electrode ii 34, so that the electron focusing lens performs focusing imaging and scanning deflection on electrons emitted from the photocathode 12. Preferably, photocathode 12 has an operating voltage of-12 kV; the grid electrode I19, the grid electrode II 20, the time direction pre-anode I23, the time direction pre-anode II 24, the time direction main anode I27, the time direction main anode II 28, the anode hole electrode I31 and the anode hole electrode II 32 are ground potentials; the working voltages of the time direction prefocusing electrode I21, the time direction prefocusing electrode II 22, the time direction main focusing electrode I29 and the time direction main focusing electrode II 30 are the same as-5 kV; the working voltages of the upper electrode and the lower electrode of the electro-quadrupole lens I25 and the electro-quadrupole lens focusing II 26 are 450V, and the working voltages of the left electrode and the right electrode are-450V; the operating voltage applied to the deflection electrode I33 is a slow scan pulse, which causes the electron beam to scan from the edge of the screen 16 to the center of the screen 16 for a longer period of time, and the operating voltage applied to the deflection electrode II 34 is a fast scan pulse, which causes the electron beam to scan from the edge of the screen 16 to the center of the screen 16 in a shorter period of time.
In the laser implosion physical experiment, laser is injected into a black cavity to generate a radiation source to drive a target pill 1 to implosion and compress, meanwhile, another beam group of laser irradiates a backlight target to generate an X-ray irradiation target pill 1, the X-ray passes through the target pill 1 and then carries contour information of the target pill, then the X-ray passes through a filter disc 2 and then is imaged on a photocathode slit plate 11 by an imaging system I5, and an electron beam I39 is emitted through interaction with a photocathode 12 after passing through a photocathode slit I17. Due to the blocking effect of filter 2, stray laser light will be totally intercepted, only X-rays passing through the filter, and electron beam 39 will reflect only X-ray information. Since the photocathode 12 is applied with negative high voltage, the grid electrode I19 is at the ground potential, the electron beam I39 enters the grid electrode I19 through the slit III 35 after being accelerated, sequentially passes through the time direction prefocusing electrode I21, the time direction prefocusing electrode I23, the electric quadrupole lens I25, the time direction main anode I27, the time direction main focusing electrode I29 and the anode hole electrode I31, then enters the deflection electrode I33 through the slit V37, and the electron beam I39 is scanned from the lower part of the fluorescent screen 16 to the middle of the fluorescent screen 16 after being subjected to the scanning deflection of the deflection electrode I33, and bombards the fluorescent screen 16 to emit visible light. The visible light emitted by the fluorescent screen 16 is transmitted through the optical fiber taper 8 and enters the image intensifier 9, and the image intensifier 9 amplifies the visible light signal and records the amplified visible light signal by the image recording system 10. During the movement of the electron beam I39, the grid I19, the time direction pre-focusing electrode I21 and the time direction pre-anode I23 form an electron pre-focusing lens to focus electrons in the y-axis direction, so that the electron beam I39 keeps smaller divergence in the y-axis direction. The electron main focusing lens composed of the time direction main anode I27, the time direction main focusing electrode I29 and the anode hole electrode I31 further focuses electrons in the y-axis direction, so that the electron beam I39 enters the deflection electrode I33 with a small width, and the electron beam I39 is not affected during scanning. Because the electron quadrupole lens I25 has a focusing imaging function on electrons in the x-axis direction, the electron beam I39 can still maintain the spatial information in the x-axis direction after reaching the fluorescent screen 16, and thus the change process of the morphology of the target 1 in the x-axis direction along with time can be obtained according to the image recorded by the image recording system 10. Since the operating voltage applied by the deflection electrode I33 is a slow scan pulse, the time from the scanning of the electron beam I39 from below the phosphor screen 16 to the middle of the phosphor screen 16 is longer than the time for laser driving the target 1, and thus the process of changing the target 1 over the whole period of time can be obtained.
During experimental tests, X-rays will also be imaged by the imaging system ii 6 onto the photocathode slit plate 11, and after passing through the photocathode slit ii 18, the X-rays will interact with the photocathode 12 to emit an electron beam ii 40, and the electron beam ii 40 will pass through the slit iv 36 into the grid ii 20 and sequentially pass through the time-wise pre-focusing electrode ii 22, the time-wise pre-anode ii 24, the electron quadrupole lens ii 26, the time-wise main anode ii 28, the time-wise main focusing electrode ii 30 and the anode hole electrode ii 32, and then pass through the slit vi 38 into the deflection electrode ii 34, which will be subjected to a similar focusing deflection as the electron beam i 39. However, since the operating voltage applied to the deflection electrode II 34 is a fast scan pulse, the time for scanning the electron beam 40 from the edge of the screen 16 to the center of the screen 16 is extremely short, which is equivalent to the duration of the implosion of the core of the target 1, and the time origin for starting the scanning of the electron beam II 40 can be easily aligned with the start time of the implosion of the core of the target 1 by delay adjustment. Thus, the fine change process in the implosion time of the focus of the target pellet 1 can be obtained by scanning the image with the electron beam II 40 recorded by the image recording system 10.
Since the separation plate 15 is arranged in front of the fluorescent screen 16, the electron beam I39 is intercepted by the separation plate 15 when scanning is continued after scanning to the middle of the fluorescent screen 16, and the electron beam II 40 can only scan the lower half of the fluorescent screen 16, so that the two electron beams cannot interfere with each other. Because the visible light image emitted by the fluorescent screen 16 has a larger area, the optical fiber taper 8 is an image-shrinking optical fiber taper, and image shrinking is carried out when the image is transmitted, so that the image can be amplified and recorded by only a single image intensifier 9 and an image recording system 10. When a CCD is used as the image recording system 10, the image can be easily handled.
Meanwhile, it can be seen that the two-channel X-ray scanning image converter tube 4 focuses electrons in the X-axis direction and the y-axis direction by adopting different electron focusing lenses respectively, and the space crossing points of the electrons in the two directions are inconsistent, so that the charge density can be reduced, the dynamic range is improved, the electron beam I39 and the electron beam II 40 are mutually independent, no mutual influence exists, and the system dynamic range is improved to a certain extent.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications made by those skilled in the art from the above-described concepts without inventive effort are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A laser implosion diagnostic system characterized by: the system comprises a filter disc (2), a double-channel X-ray imaging system (3) and a double-channel X-ray stripe camera (4) which are sequentially arranged along the z-axis direction;
the dual-channel X-ray imaging system (3) comprises an imaging system I (5) and an imaging system II (6) which are sequentially arranged along the y-axis direction;
the dual-channel X-ray stripe camera (4) comprises a dual-channel X-ray scanning image converter tube (7), an optical fiber cone (8), an image intensifier (9) and an image recording system (10) which are sequentially arranged along the z-axis direction, wherein the image recording system (10) is a CCD;
the dual-channel X-ray scanning image converter tube (7) comprises a photocathode slit plate (11), a photocathode (12), a focusing electrode assembly (13), a deflection electrode assembly (14), a separation plate (15) and a fluorescent screen (16) which are sequentially arranged along the z-axis direction;
the focusing electrode assembly (13) comprises a grid electrode I (19), a grid electrode II (20), a time direction prefocusing electrode I (21), a time direction prefocusing electrode II (22), a time direction prefocusing electrode I (23), a time direction prefocusing electrode II (24), an electric quadrupole lens I (25) and an electric quadrupole lens II (26), a time direction main anode I (27), a time direction main anode II (28), a time direction main focusing electrode I (29), a time direction main focusing electrode II (30), an anode hole electrode I (31) and an anode hole electrode II (32);
the deflection electrode assembly (14) comprises a deflection electrode I (33) and a deflection electrode II (34) along the y-axis direction;
the photocathode slit plate (11) comprises a photocathode slit I (17) and a photocathode slit II (18) which are sequentially arranged along the y-axis direction, and the slit directions of the photocathode slit I (17) and the photocathode slit II (18) are along the x-axis direction;
the center positions of the grid electrode I (19) and the grid electrode II (20) are respectively provided with a slit III (35) and a slit IV (36), and the slit directions of the slit III (35) and the slit IV (36) are along the x-axis direction;
the center positions of the anode hole electrode I (31) and the anode hole electrode II (32) are respectively provided with a slit V (37) and a slit VI (38), and the slit directions of the slit V (37) and the slit VI (38) are along the x-axis direction;
the centers of the photocathode slit I (17), the grid electrode I (19), the time direction pre-focusing electrode I (21), the time direction pre-anode I (23), the electric quadrupole lens I (25), the time direction main anode I (27), the time direction main focusing electrode I (29), the anode hole electrode I (31) and the deflection electrode I (33) are positioned on a straight line along the z-axis direction;
the centers of the photocathode slit II (18), the grid electrode II (20), the time direction pre-focusing electrode II (22), the time direction pre-anode II (24), the electric quadrupole lens II (26), the time direction main anode II (28), the time direction main focusing electrode II (30), the anode hole electrode II (32) and the deflection electrode II (34) are positioned on another parallel straight line along the z-axis direction;
the x-axis, the y-axis and the z-axis are located in a space rectangular coordinate system.
2. The laser implosion diagnostic system of claim 1 wherein: the dual-channel X-ray imaging system (3) is a dual-channel KB microscope system.
3. The laser implosion diagnostic system of claim 1 wherein: the dual-channel X-ray imaging system (3) is a dual-channel pinhole system.
4. The laser implosion diagnostic system of claim 1 wherein said fiber optic taper (8) is a condensed image fiber optic taper.
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| CN111595258B (en) * | 2020-05-01 | 2021-09-14 | 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 | Regional morphology measuring device and method for implosion target pellet |
| CN112213765B (en) * | 2020-10-13 | 2022-04-22 | 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 | Pulse field proton energy spectrum measuring instrument |
| CN113433578A (en) * | 2021-05-18 | 2021-09-24 | 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 | High-sensitivity X-ray spectrum flat response radiation flow detector |
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| 神光Ⅱ装置靶丸内爆过程X射线背光照相实验研究;刘慎业;杨国洪;张继彦;李军;黄翼翔;胡昕;易荣清;杜华冰;曹柱荣;张海鹰;丁永坤;;强激光与粒子束(第12期);183-187 * |
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