CN109459366A - A kind of device and method measuring unsaturated soil infiltration coefficient - Google Patents
A kind of device and method measuring unsaturated soil infiltration coefficient Download PDFInfo
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- CN109459366A CN109459366A CN201811392214.2A CN201811392214A CN109459366A CN 109459366 A CN109459366 A CN 109459366A CN 201811392214 A CN201811392214 A CN 201811392214A CN 109459366 A CN109459366 A CN 109459366A
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 144
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- HPNSNYBUADCFDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromafenozide Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C(=O)N(NC(=O)C=2C(=C3CCCOC3=CC=2)C)C(C)(C)C)=C1 HPNSNYBUADCFDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of device for measuring unsaturated soil infiltration coefficient, including the container for containing unsaturated soil sample, tensometer is inserted in unsaturated soil sample, the container bottom is equipped with sieve, sieve upper surface is equipped with filter paper, is connected at the top of container bottom and the first measurement pipe, and the first measurement bottom of the tube is connect with connecting tube one end, the connecting tube other end is connect with the second measurement bottom of the tube, and the second measurement pipe is equipped with graduation mark；In addition invention additionally discloses corresponding methods；The present invention solves the technical issues of complicated for operation, at high cost when existing indirect Determination unsaturation soil body osmotic coefficient and time-consuming, it can be according to time t, flow Q and corresponding negative pore water pressure, the infiltration coefficient for determining different saturation soil sample establishes the relationship of matric suction and infiltration coefficient.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ground experimental technique fields, in particular to a kind of device for measuring unsaturated soil infiltration coefficient and side
Method.
Background technique
Gradually development with China in geotechnical engineering field, for studying increasingly by researcher's for unsaturated soil
Pay attention to, the infiltration coefficient of unsaturated soil is the important parameter for studying the engineering problems such as rain infiltration, dam slope seepage flow.Currently, measurement
Infiltration coefficient to saturated soil is relatively easy, and the infiltration coefficient of unsaturated soil can only pass through more complicated steady state test
Method, transient state profile method, also have researcher that the soil-water characteristic curve of measuring is divided into several segments, and assume that every section is uniform
Matric suction section calculates the infiltration coefficient of unsaturated soil indirectly, and testing equipment is relative complex, with high costs and take a long time.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above shortcomings and to provide a kind of device for measuring unsaturated soil infiltration coefficient and sides
Method solves the technical issues of complicated for operation, at high cost when existing indirect Determination unsaturation soil body osmotic coefficient and time-consuming, can
According to time t, flow Q and corresponding negative pore water pressure, the infiltration coefficient of different saturation soil sample is determined, establish matrix suction
The relationship of power and infiltration coefficient.
The present invention is in order to solve the above technical problems, used technical solution is: a kind of measurement unsaturated soil infiltration coefficient
Device tensometer, the container bottom are inserted in unsaturated soil sample including the container for containing unsaturated soil sample
Equipped with sieve, sieve upper surface is equipped with filter paper, is connected at the top of container bottom and the first measurement pipe, the first measurement bottom of the tube and company
One end connection is taken over, the connecting tube other end is connect with the second measurement bottom of the tube, and the second measurement pipe is equipped with graduation mark.
Preferably, the first measurement pipe is equipped with the first valve, passes through the second valve and graduated cylinder bottom at the top of the second measurement pipe
Connection.
Preferably, second valve be solenoid valve, the second measurement pipe two sides be respectively equipped with infrared projector and
Infrared signal receiver, infrared signal receiver are connect with controller signals input terminal, and controller and the second valve control
End connection.
Preferably, the container, the first measurement pipe and the second measurement pipe are transparent glass material, and connecting tube is rubber
Pipe, the container are cylindrical structure, and sieve is arranged at the position being connected at the top of container bottom and the first measurement pipe.
Preferably, first measurement pipe is installed on the first support frame, and the second measurement pipe is installed on the second support frame.
In addition, it includes following the present invention also provides above-mentioned apparatus is used the method that measures unsaturated soil infiltration coefficient
Step:
Step 1): sieve is installed in container bottom, then is laid with filter paper on sieve；
Step 2: being put into container for unsaturated soil sample, and ensures that it is completely attached to filter paper；
Step 3): installing tensometer in unsaturated soil sample, measures the initial negative pore water pressure of unsaturated soil sample；
Step 4): at the top of the second measurement pipe graduated cylinder water filling, open the second valve so that water successively flow into the second measurement pipe,
Connecting tube and the first measurement pipe guarantee in the liquid level and hydrostatic column after filling the water in the first measurement pipe and the second measurement pipe
Filter paper it is concordant, be then shut off the second valve；
Step 5): closing the first valve, reduces the second measurement pipe height, until being reduced to water where filter paper at the top of the second measurement pipe
Prosposition is set hereinafter, at this moment the first measurement pipe and the second measurement pipe are formed by head difference and generate downward negative pressure to filter paper, non-
Saturated soil sample generates upward negative pore water pressure to filter paper, and the negative pressure absolute value that head difference generates filter paper
The negative pore water pressure absolute value that filter paper is generated less than unsaturated soil sample；
Step 6): record graduated cylinder water level opens the first valve；
Step 7): under the negative pore water pressure effect of unsaturated soil sample, the water in the first measurement pipe can be through filter paper gradually
It is flowed into container, the water level of the second measurement pipe in communication can decline therewith, at this moment open the second valve, the water in graduated cylinder
Enter in the second measurement pipe, it is ensured that the first measurement pipe and the second measurement pipe be formed by head difference it is constant after, be again switched off
Two valves；
Step 8): after a period of time, the negative pore water pressure of unsaturated soil sample is gradually reduced, until negative pore water pressure is exhausted
After equal with negative pressure absolute value to value, infiltration reaches balance, at this moment closes the first valve, and non-at this time by tensometer measurement
The negative pore water pressure of saturated soil sample；
Step 9): record time interval t reads the water supply Q in this time by graduated cylinder, according to Darcy's law Q=khtA/L,
Determine that (A, L are respectively unsaturated soil Area of Sample and height, h two to unsaturated soil osmotic coefficient k under this level-one matric suction
Side head difference).
Preferably, the above method is further comprising the steps of:
Step 10): increasing the second measurement pipe height, so that the first measurement pipe and the second measurement pipe are formed by head difference reduction,
So that the negative pore water pressure that head difference generates the negative pressure absolute value that filter paper generates again less than unsaturated soil sample to filter paper
Power absolute value is then turned on the first valve, repeats step 6) to step 9), records unsaturated soil under this level-one matric suction and permeate
Coefficient k；
Step 11): it is multiple to improve the second measurement pipe height step by step, until the first measurement pipe and the second measurement pipe are formed by head
Difference stops when being 0, after improving the second measurement pipe height every time, records unsaturated soil under each grade matrix suction according to step 10)
Osmotic coefficient k, and make matric suction and infiltration coefficient graph of relation.
Preferably, in the step 7), controller can automatically control the process that opens and closes automatically of the second valve, tool
Steps are as follows for body:
It, can be lower than infrared projector and infrared firstly, after the water level of the second measurement pipe in communication can decline therewith
Level height where line signal receiver, at this moment infrared signal receiver can receive infrared projector transmitting
Signal, then corresponding signal is transferred to controller by infrared signal receiver, and controller can control the second valve opening, graduated cylinder
Interior water enters in the second measurement pipe, when the water level in the second measurement pipe is more than infrared projector and infrared signal
After level height where receiver, the signal of infrared projector transmitting can make infrared signal because water resistance is kept off
The signal that receiver receives changes, and infrared signal receiver transmits corresponding signal to controller, and controller can control
Second valve is closed, and the water stopping in graduated cylinder enters in the second measurement pipe, can guarantee the second measurement pipe by the above process
Water level maintain fixed water level, so that it is constant to guarantee that the first measurement pipe and the second measurement pipe are formed by head difference.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
1, the present invention solves when existing indirect Determination unsaturation soil body osmotic coefficient complicated for operation, at high cost and time-consuming
Technical problem can determine the infiltration system of different saturation soil sample according to time t, flow Q and corresponding negative pore water pressure
Number, establishes the relationship of matric suction and infiltration coefficient.
2, apparatus of the present invention structure is simple, easy to use, in measurement process, by improving the second measurement pipe height step by step
Degree, can control soil body penetration process slowly can equably carry out, and it is more accurate to measure.
3, by changing dry density, the initial aqueous rate of soil sample, the present invention can carry out identical infiltration coefficient test respectively,
Obtain the relationship of unsaturated soil infiltration coefficient curve and initial dry density.
4, by changing the grain composition of soil sample, the present invention can carry out identical infiltration coefficient test respectively, obtain not
The infiltration coefficient curve of the unsaturated soil of same grain composition.
5, when the pollutant that different kinds and concentrations are added in water, the present invention can be used for analyzing pollutant in unsaturation
The speed and process migrated in soil.
6, the matric suction and infiltration coefficient relation curve determined according to the present invention can be used for importing numerical analysis software
In, calculate and describe the Change and Development process that seepage field is impregnated with rainfall or flowing water in soil.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of device for measuring unsaturated soil infiltration coefficient；
Fig. 2 is the attachment structure schematic diagram of infrared signal receiver, controller and the second valve；
Fig. 3 is the infiltration coefficient curve graph of certain sand in the present embodiment；
In figure, container 1, tensometer 2, sieve 3, filter paper 4, the first measurement pipe 5, the first valve 5.1, connecting tube 6, the second measurement pipe
7, graduation mark 7.1, the second valve 7.2, graduated cylinder 8, infrared projector 9, infrared signal receiver 10, controller 11,
First support frame 12, the second support frame 13.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail in the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
As illustrated in fig. 1 and 2, a kind of device measuring unsaturated soil infiltration coefficient, including for containing unsaturated soil sample
Container 1, tensometer 2 is inserted in unsaturated soil sample, 1 bottom of container is equipped with sieve 3, and 3 upper surface of sieve is equipped with
It is connected at the top of filter paper 4,1 bottom of container and the first measurement pipe 5,5 bottom of the first measurement pipe is connect with 6 one end of connecting tube, connecting tube 6
The other end is connect with 7 bottom of the second measurement pipe, and the second measurement pipe 7 is equipped with graduation mark 7.1.In the present embodiment, graduation mark 7.1
It can be convenient the water level position seen in the second measurement pipe 7, determining infrared projector 9 and infrared signal facilitated to connect
Receive the mounting height of device 10.
Preferably, the first measurement pipe 5 is equipped with the first valve 5.1, at the top of the second measurement pipe 7 by the second valve 7.2 with
The connection of 8 bottom of graduated cylinder.The position blow-by that the top of the second measurement pipe 7 is connected to 7.2 bottom of the second valve in the present embodiment its
It is connected to ambient atmosphere, guarantee 7 inner top air pressure of the second measurement pipe in this way is identical as external atmosphere pressure, such first measurement pipe 5
Subsequent measurement process could be facilitated with the head difference of the second measurement pipe 7.
Preferably, second valve 7.2 is solenoid valve, and 7 two sides of the second measurement pipe are respectively equipped with infrared signal transmitting
Device 9 and infrared signal receiver 10, infrared signal receiver 10 are connect with 11 signal input part of controller, controller 11 with
The connection of second valve, 7.2 control terminal.When determining the height of maintenance required for the water level in the second measurement pipe 7, according to graduation mark
7.1 reading, the mounting height and graduation mark 7.1 for adjusting infrared projector 9 and infrared signal receiver 10 are a certain
Scale is concordant, and when water level is higher than this scale, infrared signal receiver 10 sends signal intensity to controller 11, control
Device 11 controls the second valve 7.2 and closes, and when water level is lower than this scale, infrared signal receiver 10 transmits signal intensity
To controller 11, controller 11 controls the second valve 7.2 and closes, and can realize 7.2 automatic shutter process of the second valve in this way；
In the present embodiment, controller 11 is preferred to select Siemens S7-300PLC controller.
Preferably, the container 1, the first measurement pipe 5 and the second measurement pipe 7 are transparent glass material, and connecting tube 6 is rubber
Sebific duct, the container 1 are cylindrical structure, and sieve 3 is arranged at the position being connected at the top of 1 bottom of container and the first measurement pipe 5.
Preferably, first measurement pipe 5 is installed on the first support frame 12, and the second measurement pipe 7 is installed on the second support
On frame 13.
In the present embodiment, the method for unsaturated soil infiltration coefficient is measured using above-mentioned apparatus the following steps are included:
Step 1): sieve 3 is installed in 1 bottom of container, then is laid with filter paper 4 on sieve 3；Filter paper 4 is laid on sieve 3, it is different
The filter paper 4 of thickness can generate different air pressure force value excessively, can change initial setting up by replacing the filter paper 4 of different-thickness
Negative water pressure power；
Step 2: being put into container 1 for unsaturated soil sample, and ensures that it is completely attached to filter paper 4；
Step 3): installing tensometer 2 in unsaturated soil sample, measures the initial negative pore water pressure of unsaturated soil sample；?
Two tensometers 2 are installed respectively in unsaturated soil sample, for measuring at a time unsaturated soil sample in the present embodiment
The negative pore water pressure value of internal different location, and the average value read using two represents the negative pore water pressure of soil sample
Value, it is more accurate to measure in this way；
Step 4): it is filled the water to the graduated cylinder 8 at 7 top of the second measurement pipe, the second valve 7.2 is opened, so that water successively flows into the second survey
Buret 7, connecting tube 6 and the first measurement pipe 5 guarantee liquid level and circle after filling the water in the first measurement pipe 5 and the second measurement pipe 7
Filter paper 4 in cylindrical container is concordant, is then shut off the second valve 7.2；
Step 5): closing the first valve 5.1,7 height of the second measurement pipe is reduced, until being reduced to filter paper 4 at the top of the second measurement pipe 7
Place horizontal position hereinafter, at this moment the first measurement pipe 5 and the second measurement pipe 7 be formed by head difference filter paper 4 is generated it is downward
Negative pressure, unsaturated soil sample generate upward negative pore water pressure to filter paper 4, and head difference generates filter paper 4
Negative pressure absolute value is less than the negative pore water pressure absolute value that unsaturated soil sample generates filter paper 4；
Step 6): record 8 water level of graduated cylinder opens the first valve 5.1；
Step 7): under the negative pore water pressure effect of unsaturated soil sample, water in the first measurement pipe 5 can through filter paper 4 by
It walks and is flowed into container 1, the water level of the second measurement pipe 7 in communication can decline therewith, at this moment open the second valve 7.2, measure
Water in cylinder 8 enters in the second measurement pipe 7, it is ensured that it is constant that the first measurement pipe 5 and the second measurement pipe 7 are formed by head difference
Afterwards, it is again switched off the second valve 7.2；
Step 8): after a period of time, the negative pore water pressure of unsaturated soil sample is gradually reduced, until negative pore water pressure is exhausted
After equal with negative pressure absolute value to value, infiltration reaches balance, at this moment closes the first valve 5.1, and measure this by tensometer 2
When unsaturated soil sample negative pore water pressure；
Step 9): record time interval t reads the water supply Q in this time by graduated cylinder 8, according to Darcy's law Q=khtA/L,
Determine that (A, L are respectively unsaturated soil Area of Sample and height, h two to unsaturated soil osmotic coefficient k under this level-one matric suction
Side head difference)；It can use the computer record time in the present embodiment, related data calculated in computer；
Step 10): 7 height of the second measurement pipe is increased, so that the first measurement pipe 5 and the second measurement pipe 7 are formed by head subtractive
It is small, so that the negative hole that head difference generates the negative pressure absolute value that filter paper 4 generates again less than unsaturated soil sample to filter paper 4
Water pressure absolute value is then turned on the first valve 5.1, repeats step 6) to step 9), records non-full under this level-one matric suction
With native osmotic coefficient k；
Step 11): 7 height of the second measurement pipe is improved step by step repeatedly, until the first measurement pipe 5 and the second measurement pipe 7 are formed by
Head difference stops when being 0, after improving 7 height of the second measurement pipe every time, records according to step 10) non-full under each grade matrix suction
With native osmotic coefficient k, and matric suction and infiltration coefficient graph of relation are made.
Preferably, in the step 7), controller 11 can automatically control opening and closing automatically for the second valve 7.2
Journey, the specific steps are as follows:
It, can be lower than infrared projector 9 and red firstly, after the water level of the second measurement pipe 7 in communication can decline therewith
Level height where outside line signal receiver 10, at this moment infrared signal receiver 10 can receive infrared projector
The signal of 9 transmittings, then corresponding signal is transferred to controller 11 by infrared signal receiver 10, and controller 11 can control second
Valve 7.2 is opened, and the water in graduated cylinder 8 enters in the second measurement pipe 7, when the water level in the second measurement pipe 7 is believed more than infrared ray
After level height where number transmitter 9 and infrared signal receiver 10, signal that infrared projector 9 emits can be because
The signal for for water resistance gear infrared signal receiver 10 being received changes, and infrared signal receiver 10 transmits phase
For induction signal to controller 11, controller 11 can control the closing of the second valve 7.2, and the water stopping in graduated cylinder 8 enters the second measurement
In pipe 7, it can guarantee that the water level of the second measurement pipe 7 maintains fixed water level by the above process, to guarantee the first measurement pipe 5
It is constant that head difference is formed by with the second measurement pipe 7.
Prepare to illustrate above-mentioned steps below by specific test bit:
As shown in figure 3, measuring the original negative pore water pressure of unsaturated soil sample by tensometer 2 in the present embodiment step 3)
Power -70kPa, then in step 5), so that being reduced to 4 place horizontal position of filter paper or less 0.65m at the top of the second measurement pipe 7
Place, head difference 0.65m are calculated, at this moment head difference is to filter since pressure and the height of water are proportional according to the pressure formula of water
The negative pressure that 4 lower surface of paper generates is -65kPa, and such negative pressure absolute value is slightly less than negative pore water pressure absolute value, because
Water in this first measurement pipe 5 can gradually be flowed into container 1 through filter paper 4, and after a period of time, unsaturated soil sample is born
Pore water pressure is gradually reduced, until infiltration reaches balance after negative pore water pressure absolute value is equal with negative pressure absolute value；So
After increase the second measurement pipe 0.05m so that the first measurement pipe 5 and the second measurement pipe 7 be formed by head difference reduction so that head
The negative pore water pressure that difference generates the negative pressure absolute value that filter paper 4 generates again less than unsaturated soil sample to filter paper 4 is absolute
It is worth, the water in the first measurement pipe 5 can be again passed through filter paper 4 and gradually flow into container 1；And so on, increase step by step every time
Two measurement pipes, 7 height 0.05m, repeats the above process, and determines the infiltration under different substrates suction according to the formula inside step 9)
Coefficient completes the measurement of unsaturation soil body osmotic coefficient curve, such as the infiltration coefficient curve graph that Fig. 3 is certain sand.
The above embodiments are only the preferred technical solution of the present invention, and are not construed as limitation of the invention, this Shen
Please in embodiment and embodiment in feature in the absence of conflict, can mutual any combination.Protection model of the invention
The technical solution that should be recorded with claim is enclosed, the equivalent replacement side of technical characteristic in the technical solution recorded including claim
Case is protection scope.Equivalent replacement i.e. within this range is improved, also within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of device for measuring unsaturated soil infiltration coefficient, including the container (1) for containing unsaturated soil sample, unsaturation
Tensometer (2) are inserted in soil sample, it is characterised in that: container (1) bottom is equipped with sieve (3), sieve (3) upper surface paving
Equipped with filter paper (4), it is connected at the top of container (1) bottom and the first measurement pipe (5), the first measurement pipe (5) bottom and connecting tube (6) one
End connection, connecting tube (6) other end are connect with the second measurement pipe (7) bottom, and the second measurement pipe (7) is equipped with graduation mark (7.1).
2. a kind of device for measuring unsaturated soil infiltration coefficient according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the first measurement pipe
(5) the first valve (5.1) are equipped with, are connected to by the second valve (7.2) with graduated cylinder (8) bottom at the top of the second measurement pipe (7).
3. a kind of device for measuring unsaturated soil infiltration coefficient according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: second valve
Door (7.2) is solenoid valve, and the second measurement pipe (7) two sides are respectively equipped with infrared projector (9) and infrared signal receives
Device (10), infrared signal receiver (10) are connect with controller (11) signal input part, controller (11) and the second valve
(7.2) control terminal connects.
4. a kind of device for measuring unsaturated soil infiltration coefficient according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the container
(1), the first measurement pipe (5) and the second measurement pipe (7) are transparent glass material, and connecting tube (6) is rubber tube, the container
(1) it is cylindrical structure, sieve (3) is set at the position being connected at the top of container (1) bottom and the first measurement pipe (5).
5. a kind of device for measuring unsaturated soil infiltration coefficient according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described first surveys
Buret (5) is installed on the first support frame (12), and the second measurement pipe (7) is installed on the second support frame (13).
6. a kind of method for measuring unsaturated soil infiltration coefficient using described in any one of claim 1 to 55 described in any item devices, feature
Be: it the following steps are included:
Step 1): sieve (3) are installed in container (1) bottom, then are laid with filter paper (4) on sieve (3)；
Step 2: being put into container (1) for unsaturated soil sample, and ensures that it is completely attached to filter paper (4)；
Step 3): installing tensometer (2) in unsaturated soil sample, measures the initial negative pore water pressure of unsaturated soil sample；
Step 4): it to graduated cylinder (8) water filling at the top of the second measurement pipe (7), opens the second valve (7.2), so that water successively flows into
Second measurement pipe (7), connecting tube (6) and the first measurement pipe (5) guarantee the first measurement pipe (5) and the second measurement pipe (7) after water filling
Interior liquid level is concordant with filter paper (4) in hydrostatic column, is then shut off the second valve (7.2)；
Step 5): closing the first valve (5.1), reduces the second measurement pipe (7) height, until reducing at the top of the second measurement pipe (7)
Horizontal position is hereinafter, at this moment the first measurement pipe (5) and the second measurement pipe (7) are formed by head difference to filter where to filter paper (4)
Paper (4) generates downward negative pressure, and unsaturated soil sample generates upward negative pore water pressure to filter paper (4), and makes water
It is exhausted that head difference is less than the negative pore water pressure that unsaturated soil sample generates filter paper (4) to the negative pressure absolute value that filter paper (4) generate
To value；
Step 6): record graduated cylinder (8) water level is opened the first valve (5.1)；
Step 7): under the negative pore water pressure effect of unsaturated soil sample, the water in the first measurement pipe (5) can penetrate filter paper
(4) gradually into container (1), flowing, the water level of the second measurement pipe (7) in communication can decline therewith, at this moment open the second valve
Door (7.2), the water in graduated cylinder (8) enter in the second measurement pipe (7), it is ensured that the first measurement pipe (5) and the second measurement pipe (7) institute
After the head difference of formation is constant, it is again switched off the second valve (7.2)；
Step 8): after a period of time, the negative pore water pressure of unsaturated soil sample is gradually reduced, until negative pore water pressure is exhausted
After equal with negative pressure absolute value to value, infiltration reaches balance, at this moment closes the first valve (5.1), and is surveyed by tensometer (2)
The negative pore water pressure of fixed unsaturated soil sample at this time；
Step 9): record time interval t reads the water supply Q in this time by graduated cylinder (8), according to Darcy's law Q=khtA/
L determines that (A, L are respectively unsaturated soil Area of Sample and height to unsaturated soil osmotic coefficient k, and h is under this level-one matric suction
Two sides head difference).
7. according to the method described in claim 6, it is characterized by: it is further comprising the steps of:
Step 10): the second measurement pipe (7) height is increased, so that the first measurement pipe (5) and the second measurement pipe (7) are formed by water
Head difference reduces, so that head difference produces the negative pressure absolute value that filter paper (4) generates again less than unsaturated soil sample to filter paper (4)
Raw negative pore water pressure absolute value is then turned on the first valve (5.1), repeats step 6) to step 9), records this level-one base
Unsaturated soil osmotic coefficient k under matter suction；
Step 11): the second measurement pipe (7) height is improved step by step repeatedly, until the first measurement pipe (5) and the second measurement pipe (7) institute
The head difference of formation stops when being 0, after improving the second measurement pipe (7) height every time, records each grade matrix according to step 10) and inhales
Unsaturated soil osmotic coefficient k under power, and make matric suction and infiltration coefficient graph of relation.
8. according to the method described in claim 6, it is characterized by: controller (11) can automatically control in the step 7)
Second valve (7.2) opens and closes automatically process, the specific steps are as follows:
Firstly, after the water level of the second measurement pipe (7) in communication can decline therewith infrared projector (9) can be lower than
With the level height where infrared signal receiver (10), at this moment infrared signal receiver (10) can receive infrared ray letter
The signal of number transmitter (9) transmitting, then corresponding signal is transferred to controller (11) by infrared signal receiver (10), control
Device (11) can control the second valve (7.2) unlatching, and the water in graduated cylinder (8) enters in the second measurement pipe (7), when the second measurement pipe
(7) it is infrared after water level in is more than the level height where infrared projector (9) and infrared signal receiver (10)
The signal of line signal projector (9) transmitting can be because of the signal hair that water resistance is kept off and receives infrared signal receiver (10)
Changing, infrared signal receiver (10) transmission corresponding signal are given controller (11), and controller (11) can control the second valve
(7.2) it closes, the water stopping in graduated cylinder (8) enters in the second measurement pipe (7), can guarantee the second measurement by the above process
The water level of pipe (7) maintains fixed water level, to guarantee that the first measurement pipe (5) and the second measurement pipe (7) are formed by head difference
It is constant.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811392214.2A CN109459366B (en) | 2018-11-21 | 2018-11-21 | Device and method for measuring permeability coefficient of unsaturated soil |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811392214.2A CN109459366B (en) | 2018-11-21 | 2018-11-21 | Device and method for measuring permeability coefficient of unsaturated soil |
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| CN109459366A true CN109459366A (en) | 2019-03-12 |
| CN109459366B CN109459366B (en) | 2021-01-26 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109459366B (en) | 2021-01-26 |
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