CN109452651B - 耐力组合物 - Google Patents
耐力组合物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109452651B CN109452651B CN201810920336.8A CN201810920336A CN109452651B CN 109452651 B CN109452651 B CN 109452651B CN 201810920336 A CN201810920336 A CN 201810920336A CN 109452651 B CN109452651 B CN 109452651B
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- Prior art keywords
- taurine
- ribose
- inositol
- composition
- endurance
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Abstract
本发明属于食品和生物技术领域,公开了耐力组合物,其特征在于,所述耐力组合物不包括影响牛磺酸吸收及发挥生理功能的物质,包括不含生物碱的耐力组合。本发明耐力组合物的类型多样,适合不同人群补充能量的需要,在抗疲劳、增强免疫力、缓解肌肉酸痛等方面有着广阔的前景;所制得的产品可用于运动疲劳、熬夜、体虚或者长时间驾车等环境。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于药品和/或保健食品和/或食品和/或生物技术相关领域,具体来说涉及耐力组合物,本发明还涉及所述耐力组合物的用途。
背景技术
随着社会文明的进步,人们生活节奏越来越快,常常会因为长时间的脑力、体力劳动或体虚等出现疲劳的感觉乃至产生抑郁等症状;此外,随着现代竞技体育的飞速发展,体育运动的强度越来越大,运动性疲劳与恢复越来越受到人们的重视;运动疲劳施以合理的恢复手段,不仅可以促进人体机能水平的不断提高,而且更有利于人体综合素质的提高。除了适当休息、调整之外,还可以服用具有抗疲劳、恢复体力等作用的能量补充物,包括药品、保健食品或食品。
现有技术当中的能量补充剂多以咖啡因为主要成分,配合其他成分如维生素、氨基酸、牛磺酸,以及植物成分的组合,例如:CN01106099.9公开了包含咖啡因和胶基、几丁质、山梨醇糖、甘油、卵磷脂、麦芽糖浆等的组合, PCT/EP2009/064710公开了包含咖啡因和巴西可可、葡萄糖浆、蔗糖、阿拉伯胶、大豆卵磷脂、柠檬酸、苹果酸等的组合,CN200710066465.7公开了咖啡因和木糖醇、麦芽糖醇、甘油、卵磷脂、维生素等的组合,CN200880116265.0公开了咖啡因与胞磷胆碱、叶酸、烟酸、苯丙氨酸等的组合,CN201410043172.7公开了咖啡因与人参、玛咖粉等的组合,CN201410218857.0公开了咖啡因与D-核糖等的组合,CN201410073150.5公开了包括D-核糖、牛磺酸以及瓜拉那或者咖啡豆提取物,CN201510756058.3公开了主要包括牛磺酸和咖啡因的凝胶基组合物,CN201610042544.3公开了包括牛磺酸、肌醇、L-酪氨酸、AAKG、钾盐、镁盐、瓜氨酸苹果酸、瓜拉纳提取物、葡萄糖醛酸内酯、麦芽糊精、D-核糖、柠檬酸、山梨酸钾、调味剂、余量为纯化水的饮料及其制备方法,以上产品或者专利仅仅是将一些貌视有益的组分进行罗列组合,对组合的抗疲劳以及恢复体力组合形式并不明确,包含有咖啡因或咖啡因的提取物或者植物提取物的组分。
含有咖啡因成分的产品具有兴奋中枢系统的作用,已知的上市产品包括红牛、启力等产品,启力主要成分为牛磺酸和L—肉碱,以及D-氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐、咖啡因、肌醇和B族维生素。咖啡因有助于提高警觉性、灵敏性,具备一定的止疼作用和利尿效果,会造成中枢神经兴奋,属于中枢神经兴奋剂,使用后使人头脑清醒、神经兴奋,但是饮用一定量后,兴奋度并不会增加,大量摄入咖啡因成分后,反而会加重疲劳,甚至造成深度疲劳和成瘾。尽管该物质已经广泛应用于饮料等,但是其具备一定的成瘾性,还被世界卫生组织的癌症研究结构认定为 3类致癌物质,常用食用咖啡因,存在一定的不确定性,被部分人群所排斥和抵制。
现有技术当中也有一些不含咖啡因的补充剂,但是存在抗疲劳的效果不理想,以及需要添加提取物成分,其中对于组分之间的成分及组合并没有详细的研究,仅从功能需要的角度进行添加,部分添加植物提取物的产品带入了多种成分,进一步增加了产品的不确定性。例如:CN99105261.7公开了芦荟提取液与柠檬酸、牛磺酸、苹果酸、山梨醇等的组合;CN201010519106A公开了包括虫草多糖或发酵虫草菌液与D核糖、牛磺酸的组合,该产品发酵虫草菌液中含有虫草酸、虫草素、多糖、核苷等较为复杂的成分;CN01112508.X公开了人参提取物与肌酸、牛磺酸、钾盐、钠盐等的组合;CN201110087876.0公开了枳椇、黄杞、刺梨、莲与牛磺酸、烟酰胺等的组合;CN201611026800.6公开了水溶性茶多酚与牛磺酸等的组合;CN201610194711.6公开了杏仁油、茶多酚与氨基葡萄糖、牛磺酸、硫辛酸、木糖醇、甘草甜素、辅酶Q10、维生素D、薄荷醇、葡萄糖酸钙等的组合;CN201610115906A公开了包含余甘子提取物、玉竹提取物、茯苓提取物、玛卡提取物等多种植物提取物的功能性运动能量胶,提取物制备工艺复杂,而且成分不明确;PCT/CN2017/114292公开了花果提取物与葡萄糖酸锌、牛磺酸、维生素等的组合;CN201710964550.9公开了聚葡萄糖与牛磺酸、维生素、矿物质等的组合;CN201710554204.3公开了瓜拉纳提取物与氨基酸、牛磺酸的组合。
植物提取物是将其有效成分采用物化方法分离提取出来,比如现在通常使用的溶剂浸提、超临界萃取法等。植物提取物中有效成分绝大多数呈有机态,如寡聚糖、多糖、生物碱、多酚和黄酮等,对于植物提取物现有技术中多数只谈作用机制、作用功效,往往罗列植物提取物或某一类生物活性物质的6、7种作用功效,其实多数植物提取物只是具有其中的部分功效,不谈或少谈其安全性或者实际使用的效果,这样有碍于实际应用。
综上,现有的能量补充剂存在如下技术的问题:(1)大多使用了咖啡因来提神抗疲劳,但大量摄入咖啡因成分后,反而会加重疲劳,甚至造成深度疲劳和成瘾;(2)现有的能量补充剂在使用后多有头痛多晕的症状,各种能量补充剂在组合使用时,大多没有经过科学的搭配研究,仅仅是从功能的角度添加使用; (3)各种补充成分的理化性质、功能特点各不相同,尤其是植物提取物的加入,其本身是多种成分的提取物,例如不可避免地会含有生物碱和其他杂质,多种组分的组合添加带入了产品实际功能效果的不确定成分。
发明内容
发明简述
本发明在于提供一种耐力组合物,其具有组合上的科学性并适宜人们补充能量、抗疲劳、提升耐力与精力的需要。通过组分的研究,本发明意外地发现,在减少甚至不含咖啡因组分的组合物中,具有同样缓解体力疲劳、提高耐力与精力等特点;
本发明的另一方面,意外地发现牛磺酸、D-核糖的组合有助于协同促进血糖的利用并降低血糖,为此,在必要的应用人群应当制备为含糖的组合物,在必要的应用的人群,可以制备为不含糖的组合物;
本发明的另一方面,意外地发现牛磺酸、肌醇和/或D-核糖的组合,有助于协同提升人体抗疲劳、提升耐力与精力的效果。
本发明的耐力组合根据本发明的主旨,还适宜选择符合本发明的主旨的其他有助于耐力的成分,例如维生素B1、B2、B6、B12、泛酸、叶酸、烟酰胺、维生素C等。
发明详述
牛磺酸又称β-氨基乙磺酸,氨基乙磺酸、牛胆酸、牛胆素,因1827年首次人牛胆汁中分离出来而得名,是一种含硫的非蛋白氨基酸,为白色柱状结晶,无臭、味微酸、易溶于水,几乎不溶于乙醇、乙醚、丙酮,其具有如下分子结构:
牛磺酸的磺酸基团1的pKa为1.5,氨基基团2的pKa为8.82,水溶性呈弱酸性,在pH值为7.4时,磺酸基因100%电离,氨基基团96.3%电离,pH值在5.4 时性质最稳定,在生理pH值条件下,牛磺酸的磺酸基团和氨基基团都是高度电离的,所以牛磺酸的脂溶性低,牛磺酸几乎是一个两性离子,在膜上的转运并不改变它的电荷分布。
牛磺酸的发现迄今已有190年的历史,最初认识的作用仅限于胆盐的合成,具有多种有益于人体的生理功能,但人体合成的牛磺酸很少,主要依靠摄取食物中的牛磺酸来满足机体需要。牛磺酸不仅参与维持机体内环境稳态,而且在中枢、消化、生殖和内分泌等系统生理功能正常发挥具有重要的调节作用,机体内几乎所有正常生理功能的维持和调节都需要牛磺酸的参与,可调节中枢神经递质的释放和活性、可提高机体抗自由基损伤的能力、可影响甲状腺激素代谢、对心肌细胞钙离子的调节、能提高或稳定机体内骨骼肌组织的功能氨基酸的浓度,因此牛磺酸在抗运动疲劳、增强免疫力方面有着广阔的前景。
D-核糖是含五个碳原子的单糖,为白色结晶或结晶性粉末,其具有如下分子结构:
D-核糖是生物体内遗传物质核糖核酸(RNA)的重要组成物质,与腺苷酸的形成和三磷酸腺苷(ATP)的再生有密切关系。临床试验数据表明,补充D-核糖可以提高人体的运动能力,有效抗疲劳,缓解肌肉酸痛;D-核糖还可以降低血糖,提高人体细胞利用血糖的能力。
肌醇(inositol)又称为环己六醇、肌糖,是6个羟基的6碳环状物,为白色微结晶或结晶性粉末,无臭,味微甜,可溶于水,难溶于乙醇,水溶液为中性,无旋光性,肌醇的环状结构使之能抵抗很多化学试剂的作用,其化学性质比糖类更稳定,肌醇在空气中比较稳定,但易吸潮、耐酸、碱及热。
在肌醇的9种同分异构体中,m-肌醇对于植物和动物的代谢具有重要意义。 m-肌醇是一种化学结构上与葡萄糖极其相似的环状乙醇(环己六醇)。m-肌醇在植物中多以肌醇六磷酸,即植酸的形式存在,而在动物组织内,则主要作为生物膜磷脂成分存在。m-肌醇正越来越多地被认为是一种必需营养素。因为最近已发现 m-肌醇三磷酸盐是动员细胞内钙离子受体介导性激素刺激机制的第二信使。而且,m-肌醇似有趋脂性作用。这一趋脂作用是因为m-肌醇可作为生物膜必要成分磷脂酰肌醇和多磷酸肌醇生物合成的底物所致。组织内所含的m-肌醇系由膳食提供,以及通过生物合成而来。m-肌醇即使给于高于正常膳食的含量,也未发现对任何器官系统产生不良影响。大鼠类m-肌醇缺乏时,可导致甘油三酯积聚和脂肪代谢异常。糖尿病性神经病患者在膳食中增加m-肌醇后,其神经传导速度可以恢复。
咖啡因又称为咖啡碱,其化学名为1,3,7-三甲基-2,6-二氧嘌呤,其结构为:
咖啡因为白色针状结晶体,无臭、味苦,易溶于水,是弱碱性物质,咖啡因具有显著的心血管刺激作用,能够增加肾上腺素的分泌,0.5%-3.5浓度咖啡因的半衰期约为2-10小时。咖啡因是弱碱性物质,易与酸性成盐,而牛磺酸为弱酸性物质,在生物碱存在的情况下,例如中药提取物中带入的生物碱,容易生成不溶性的复盐,本发明考察了不同组分之间组合的效果情况:
称取0.05g咖啡因的标准品置于100mL容量瓶,用适量三氯甲烷溶解后,定容,摇匀,配制成500ug/mL标准溶液。用移液管分别移取0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0、 2.5、3.0、3.5、4.0、4.5、5.0mL上述咖啡因标准溶液于10个50mL的容量瓶中,用三氯甲烷定容,配制成浓度分别为5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40、45、50μg/mL的标准溶液。以三氯甲烷做空白,在276nm处分别测上述各浓度的溶液的吸光度,绘制标准曲线。称量的咖啡因标准品质量为0.0503g,标准溶液浓度为503μg/mL。配制的溶液的浓度分别为5.03、10.06、15.09、20.12、25.15、 30.18、35.21、40.24、45.27、50.30μg/mL。以三氯甲烷做空白,在276nm处分别测上述各浓度的溶液的吸光度,结果见图1所示。图1中,标准曲线为 y=0.0489x-0.0084,R2=0.9991,咖啡因的浓度和紫外吸收有较好的线性关系。
精密称取牛磺酸纯品0.0102g置于100ml容量瓶中,加入显色剂后用蒸馏水定容,密塞,摇匀。配成浓度为0.10mg/ml的溶液,备用。分别吸取1、2、3、 4、5、6ml对照品溶液分别置于10ml容量瓶中,用蒸馏水定容,摇匀后置于100℃水浴加热20min,冷却至室温,作为对照品系列溶液。牛磺酸是一种氨基酸,本身无紫外吸收。在醋酸钠存在下,牛磺酸与乙酰丙酮和甲醛经过加热反应生成 N-取代基-2,6-二甲基-3,5-二乙酰基-1,4-二氢吡啶。该配合物显黄色,在400nm 左右有吸收峰。分别加入已显色的不同浓度的牛磺酸对照品溶液,以空白试验为参比,于405nm波长处测定吸光值。拟合的线性方程为y=6.8321X+0.0102, R2=0.997。结果见图2所示。
取定量的牛磺酸、咖啡因样品先行测定,并对相同定量的牛磺酸、咖啡因分别与天冬氨酸、人参提取物组合后,再测定牛磺酸、咖啡因的含量,先后的检测结果如下表1所示:
表1咖啡因、牛磺酸、人参提取物、天冬氨酸之间的组合的含量测定
以上检测数据结果表明,牛磺酸与咖啡因或人参提取物的组合后含量降低明显,从平均值57.74μg/ml降低了大约一半26.05μg/ml、24.45μg/ml,同时咖啡因的含量也明显降低,从102.96μg/ml降低至86.45μg/ml、87.95μg/ml,因此,无特殊情况下,本发明不建议在酸性补充剂中引入生物碱性成分或者咖啡因(咖啡碱)。但是,如前所述咖啡因具有显著的心血管刺激作用,能够增加肾上腺素的分泌,且咖啡因的半衰期较长,具有较强的提神抗疲劳效果,在耐力组合物中减少甚至不用咖啡因后,需要保证产品的提神抗疲劳效果,本发明意外地发现,牛磺酸与D-核糖的组合具有抗疲劳与耐缺氧的协同效果,同时本发明还意外的发现,二者的组合在改善血糖分布上也同时具有协同效果。
本发明取正常小鼠随机分为7组(n=10),包括牛磺酸联合D-核糖1:1组、 2:1组(服用剂量分别包括40、30mg/Kg·d),以及牛磺酸组、D-核糖组(服用剂量均为40mg/Kg·d)、空白对照组(服用等体积的生理盐水)。
给药组情况如下表2所示:
表2牛磺酸与D-核糖组合给药组设置剂量
连续给药2周后,将小鼠置于磨口玻璃层析缸中,每个缸里放3只,盖严使之不漏气,立即计时。以呼吸停止为指标,记录小鼠死亡时间,结果如下表3 所示:
表3牛磺酸与D-核糖的组合对于小鼠耐缺氧的影响
分组 | 剂量mg/Kg·d | 死亡时间min |
空白对照 | - | 10.2±2.0 |
牛磺酸+D-核糖1:1 | 40 | 26.3±2.3*# |
牛磺酸+D-核糖2:1 | 40 | 25.9±2.8*# |
牛磺酸+D-核糖1:1 | 30 | 24.9±2.9*# |
牛磺酸+D-核糖2:1 | 30 | 24.5±1.6*# |
牛磺酸 | 40 | 16.2±2.7* |
D-核糖 | 40 | 17.2±2.5* |
*:与空白对照组比较P<0.05,#与牛磺酸组或D-核糖组比较P<0.05。
本发明人通过以上数据,意外发现牛磺酸与D-核糖的组合有助于协同提升小鼠耐缺氧的时间。
血糖及血清胰岛素测定:正常小鼠购买后,除空白对照组外,其余均高脂喂养(饲料中含10%的猪油、10%的蛋黄粉、1%的胆固醇和0.02%的胆酸),所有动物自由饮水、饮食。2周后,禁食不禁水16h,腹腔注射新鲜配制的四氧嘧啶 170mg/Kg,72h后,对禁食不禁水4h的小鼠断尾取血,血糖仪测定,选取血糖≥16.7mmol/L者用于实验。
将建模成功的小鼠随机分为8组(n=10),阳性对照组灌胃给药牛磺酸联合D-核糖1:1组、2:1组,服用剂量同表2牛磺酸与D-核糖组合给药组设置剂量。模型对照组(灌胃给药,等体积的生理盐水)。另设空白对照组(灌胃给药, 等体积的生理盐水)。连续给药2周后,禁食不禁水4h剪尾取血测定血糖值。同时挖眼球取血至离心管中,静置15min,以2400r/min的转速,5℃离心15min,取血清,血清胰岛素值用放免试剂盒法测定。
表4牛磺酸与D-核糖的组合对血糖及血清胰岛素的影响
*:与模型对照组比较P<0.05,#与牛磺酸或D-核糖比较P<0.05。
本发明人通过以上数据,意外发现牛磺酸与D-核糖的组合有助于协同降低血糖并提升血胰岛素的量。
牛磺酸分子量较小,无抗原性,经口摄入的牛磺酸可在小肠直接被吸收。牛磺酸的有效吸收需要β-氨基酸或牛磺酸转运系统的帮助,牛磺酸转运系统存在于肠粘膜细胞,是一种依赖钠离子和氯离子的载体,可以帮助转运牛磺酸、β- 丙氨酸和γ-氨基丁酸。
机体内的牛磺酸除一部分与胆酸结合成牛磺胆酸组成胆汁,发挥其促进脂类及脂溶性物质消化吸收的生理功能外。另一部分通过尿液以游离形式排出体外,肾脏近曲小管上皮的氨基酸重吸收转运系统与肠上皮的吸收转运系统相似,肾脏通过这些转运系统有效地从滤液中重吸收氨基酸,与大多数氨基酸不同的是牛磺酸在肾脏并不经常被完全重吸收。
一般认为,糖类、蛋白质和脂肪的消化产物的大部分是在十二指肠和空肠吸收,因此,这后一部分小肠,被认为是吸收功能的储备,当达到回肠时,通常均已吸收完毕,回肠能主动地吸收胆盐和维生素B12,在各种单糖中,己糖的吸收很快,而戊糖(如D-核糖)的吸收则很慢,目前对于运载单糖的确切的载体系统和它的化学反应还不清楚,但有些特点是比较明确的,凡是主动吸收的单糖,在它们的化学结构的第二个碳原子上有一个羟基,如果把这个OH基换成H原子或者OCH3,失去了主动吸收的作用,此位点与载体运载关系密切,另外Na+结于单糖的主动性转运是必需的,以葡萄糖为例,在该吸收过程中,Na+依赖性葡萄糖转运载体1(SGLT-1)和易化性葡萄糖转运载体2、5(Glut-2、Glut-5)发挥了重要的作用。
本发明的发明人继续研究了牛磺酸及其相关成分组合的吸收过程,给受试者单独服用1g(约8mmol)的牛磺酸,服用前,测定体内内生的血清牛磺酸浓度为0.03-0.07mmol/L,给受试者服1g(约8mmol)牛磺酸后,测定血清牛磺酸值,测定结果表明单独服用牛磺酸后1.5-2小时内血清牛磺酸达到峰值约为 0.61mmol/L±0.05mmol/L,单独服用牛磺酸8小时后血清牛磺酸回复到给药前的水平;在此基础上,研究牛磺酸与D-核糖和/或肌醇的组合对血清牛磺酸值的影响,结果如下表5所示:
表5牛磺酸口服及相关组合口服后的血液分布
同时服用牛磺酸1g与D-核糖0.5g,1-2.5小时血清牛磺酸达到峰值 0.74mmol/L±0.06mmol/L,同时服用牛磺酸1g与肌醇0.5g,1-2.5小时内血清牛磺酸的达到峰值0.85mmol/L±0.08mmol/L,同时服用牛磺酸1g、D-核糖0.25g、肌醇0.25g,1-2.5小时内血清牛磺酸的达到峰值1.03mmol/L±0.05mmol/L;牛磺酸的吸收速率提升吸收量增多,尤以牛磺酸与D-核糖、肌醇的组合明显,D- 核糖与肌醇有助于提升牛磺酸在肠道的吸收速度。
综上,按照本发明的主旨,本发明一方面在于提供如下技术方案:
耐力组合物,其特征在于不包括影响牛磺酸吸收及发挥生理功能的物质,包括不含生物碱的耐力组合。
所述的生物碱包括咖啡因以及来自于植物提取物中的生物碱。
本发明另一方面,所述的耐力组合物,其有效成分包括牛磺酸、肌醇或D- 核糖;
按照重量份计,其包括牛磺酸1-60份,肌醇1-40份或者D-核糖1-40份;
优选牛磺酸1-60份,肌醇1-20份或者D-核糖1-20份;
优选牛磺酸10-60份,肌醇1-20份或者D-核糖1-20份;
优选牛磺酸30-60份,肌醇5-20份或者D-核糖5-20份;
所述组合物用于在改善人体耐力的用途,以及在改善人体耐力中促进牛磺酸利用以及入血发挥生理功能的作用;
本发明另一方面还包括如下耐力组合物,其有效成分包括牛磺酸、D-核糖和肌醇;
按照重量份计,其包括牛磺酸1-60份,D-核糖1-40份,肌醇1-40份;
优选牛磺酸1-60份,D-核糖1-20份,肌醇1-20份;
优选牛磺酸10-60份,D-核糖1-20份,肌醇1-20份;
优选牛磺酸30-60份,D-核糖5-20份,肌醇5-20份;
按照重量份计,牛磺酸:D-核糖为1~6:1~2;优选牛磺酸:D-核糖为1~4: 1~2;更优选为1~3:1;牛磺酸:肌醇为1~6:1~2;优选牛磺酸:肌醇为1~4: 1~2;更优选为1~4:1;牛磺酸:D-核糖:肌醇为1~6:1~4:1~4,优选为牛磺酸:D-核糖:肌醇为1~4:1~2:1~2。
所述组合物用于在改善人体耐力的用途,以及在改善人体耐力中促进牛磺酸利用以及入血发挥生理功能的作用,以及促进血糖利用发挥抗疲劳、提升精力与耐力的生理功能作用;
本发明另一方面还包括如下D-核糖与牛磺酸的组合在促进血糖降低与提升血清胰岛素的作用;
本发明另一方面还包括如下肌醇在促进牛磺酸吸收与发挥生理功能方面的作用用途;以及肌醇与D-核糖的组合在促进牛磺酸吸收与发挥生理功能方面的作用用途。
进一步地,所述耐力组合物还含有药学上或者食品上可接受种类和重量份的辅料或添加剂;
进一步地,每一独立包装量含有牛磺酸10-2000mg,D-核糖5-1000mg和肌醇5-1000mg;
进一步地,每一独立包装量含有牛磺酸10-1000mg,D-核糖5-1000mg和肌醇5-1000mg;
进一步地,每一独立包装量含有牛磺酸10-1000mg,D-核糖5-500mg和肌醇 5-500mg;
牛磺酸:D-核糖为1~6:1~2;优选牛磺酸:D-核糖为1~4:1~2;更优选为1~3:1;牛磺酸:肌醇为1~6:1~2;优选牛磺酸:肌醇为1~4:1~2;更优选为1~4:1;牛磺酸:D-核糖:肌醇为1~6:1~4:1~4,优选为牛磺酸:D-核糖:肌醇为1~4:1~2:1~2。
所述的独立包装量是指可以提供一次服用的包装量;例如,每瓶饮料,每片咀嚼片以及其它可以一次服用的包装量;
进一步地,所述耐力组合物为食品、药品或保健品;
优选地,所述耐力组合物为固体或液体;固体优选口糖、咀嚼胶、咀嚼片、崩解片、泡腾片;液体优选饮料以及口服液、浓缩液。
本发明另一方面,根据本发明的主旨,所述的组合物中还可以添加符合本发明主旨的维生素,本发明做了不同因素对维生素影响的确认,如下表6所示:
表6维生素的稳定及最适稳定环境
维生素 | 水 | 热 | 光 | 最适稳定环境 |
维生素A | ++ | +++ | +++ | 中性或弱碱性 |
维生素D3 | ++ | +++ | +++ | 中性或弱碱性 |
维生素E | - | - | - | 中性 |
维生素K3 | ++ | +++ | ++ | 中性或弱碱性 |
维生素B1 | ++ | +++ | + | 酸性 |
维生素B2 | - | - | + | 弱酸性或中性 |
维生素B6 | - | - | + | 弱酸性 |
维生素B12 | - | + | + | 弱酸性或弱碱性 |
泛酸 | +++ | ++ | - | 弱酸性 |
叶酸 | ++ | +++ | +++ | 弱碱性 |
烟酸 | - | +++ | - | 弱酸性或弱碱性 |
烟酰胺 | +++ | - | - | 中性 |
维生素C | ++ | - | +++ | 酸性或中性 |
注:+++代表很敏感;++代表敏感,在水中溶解度差;+代表不太敏感,除非与其他因素结合时;-代表不敏感。
弱碱:pH7-9;弱酸pH5-7;酸性pH3-5;中性pH6-7.5。
多数能量补充剂中的成分在酸性环境下稳定,例如维生素B在中性或碱性溶液中遇热很容易破坏,在酸性环境中较稳定。因此根据所本发明的主旨,本发明的耐力组合物不包含维生素A、维生素D3、维生素K3、叶酸,优选包含维生素 B1、维生素B2、维生素B6、维生素B12、泛酸、烟酸、烟酰胺、维生素C,可以更优选不包含维生素B12、烟酸,可以更优选B1、B2、B6、泛酸、维生素C。
与现有技术相比,本发明取得的有益效果主要包括但是并不限于以下几个方面:
咖啡因有助于提高警觉性、灵敏性,具备一定的止疼作用和利尿效果,会造成神经兴奋,但是服用量过大,容易成瘾,并且对身体产生较大的损害,例如高血压、冠心病、骨质疏松,本发明通过科学组合意外地发现,无需添加咖啡因,可产生较好的补充能量和抗疲劳、提升精力的效果。
本发明采用牛磺酸、肌醇和/或D-核糖的有效组分进行合理配伍,产生了较好的协同作用,所制得的产品具有补充能量、抗疲劳、提升精力等作用,在降低血糖、提升胰岛素,和/或在促进牛磺酸吸收方面均产生了预料不到的意外技术效果。
本发明耐力组合物的可制备成多种剂型,适合不同人群补充能量、提升耐力的需要,在抗疲劳、增强免疫力、缓解肌肉酸痛等方面有着广阔的前景;所制得的产品可用于运动疲劳、熬夜、体虚或者长时间驾车等环境。
附图说明
图1:276nm波长处测定咖啡因溶液的吸光度;
图2:405nm波长处测定牛磺酸溶液的吸光度。
具体实施方式
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本申请中的技术方案,下面将结合本申请具体实施例,对本发明进行更加清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都应当属于本发明保护的范围。
下述实施例中所使用的方法如无特殊说明,均为在所属领域可以采用的常规方法。
下述实施例中所使用的原料,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。
实施例1
饮料A:取以下重量的原料:牛磺酸300mg、D-核糖150mg、肌醇100mg,辅料为适量的白砂糖、酸度调节剂以及甜味剂等,按照常规方法制备成能量饮料,规格为500ml。
饮料B:取以下重量的原料:牛磺酸120mg、D-核糖80mg、肌醇50mg,辅料为适量的白砂糖、酸度调节剂以及甜味剂等,按照常规方法制备成能量饮料,规格为 300ml。
饮料C:取以下重量的原料:牛磺酸100mg、D-核糖50mg、肌醇60mg,辅料为适量的白砂糖、酸度调节剂以及甜味剂等,按照常规方法制备成能量饮料,规格为 250ml。
实施例2
咀嚼胶:取以下重量的原料:牛磺酸160g、D-核糖80g、肌醇80g,辅料为适量的胶基、木糖醇、葡萄糖浆、羟甲基纤维素钠以及香料,按照常规方法制备成 1000粒,每粒为1.4g。
实施例3
咀嚼片:取以下重量的原料:牛磺酸200g、D-核糖100g、肌醇100g,加入适量糊精以及蔗糖进行制粒,整粒后加入适量硬脂酸镁压片,制成1000片,每片1g。每次可口服1-2片,每天不超过5次。
实施例4
口服液:取以下重量的原料:牛磺酸12g、D-核糖6g、肌醇3g,溶于热水,加入适量甜味剂、香精,过滤,制成1000ml口服液,分装。口服,一次 10ml,每天服用2-5次。
实施例5
安全性试验
实验动物与环境:清洁级SD大鼠,昆明种小鼠。实验期间实验环境温度21℃ -25℃,湿度40%-58%。
小鼠急性毒性试验:选用体重为18g-22g的健康昆明种小鼠20只,雌雄各半。产品选自实施例1的饮料A。
取实施例1制备的饮料间隔3小时分两次经口灌胃,每次灌胃体积为0.5ml/10g。灌胃后连续观察两周,记录中毒表现及死亡情况。
30天喂养试验:选择初断乳的SD大鼠随机分为两组,即对照组及实施例1受试组,每组20只,雌雄各半。对照组予以等体积的蒸馏水。分别给以受试动物灌胃,每天灌胃一次,灌胃体积为2ml/100g,连续30天。各组动物均喂以普通饲料,笼内喂养,自由饮食、饮水。
检验结果:
1.急性毒性试验结果:小鼠无中毒和死亡发生,血常规指标、血生化指标等常规指标均无异常。
2.30天喂养试验结果:实验组经口灌胃30天,试验期间,动物生长发育良好,各剂量组体重、增重、食物利用率、血常规指标、血生化指标、脏器系数与对照组比较,无显著性差异(P>0.05)。大体解剖和组织病理检查未见与样品有关的异常改变。提示送检样品30天喂养对大鼠各项观察指标未产生明显毒副作用。
实施例6
缓解体力疲劳功能试验
根据卫生部《保健食品检验与评价技术规范》对缓解体力疲劳保健食品功能学评价标准。
选择产品:
实验组:实施例1制备的饮料产品A;
对照组1:在实验组的基础上添加100mg咖啡因,其余同实验组;
对照组2:以实验组为基础,去掉D-核糖,其余同实验组;
对照组3:以实验组为基础,去掉肌醇,其余同实验组;
空白对照组:给予生理盐水;
实验组、对照组1-2均设置三个剂量组,分别为,低剂量组10ml/kg,中剂量组20ml/kg,高剂量组40ml/kg。
实验动物和方法:昆明种雌性小鼠,体重18g-22g。每个测定项目均选择小鼠200只,分为10个组别,每组20只。每天早晚各一次灌胃上述产品,时间为7d。以下三个项目均采用上述实验流程。
项目1:游泳时间测定:末次灌胃30min后,置尾根部负荷5%体重铅皮的小鼠于游泳箱中,水深大于30cm,水温25℃士1.0℃,记录小鼠从游泳开始至死亡的时间,作为小鼠游泳时间。
项目2:肝糖原测定:末次灌胃30min后,处死动物,取肝脏,常规方法匀浆肝脏,2ml蒸馏水溶解得到肝糖原,用蒽酮法在620nm波长比色测定肝糖原。
项目3:尿素氮测定:末次灌胃30min后,将小鼠放入30℃水中游泳90分钟,取出,热风烘干,使安静,取鼠血,离心,取血清测尿素氮。
实验结果如下表7所示:
表7样品对小鼠负重游泳时间的影响
组别 | 小鼠数量(只) | 负重游泳时间(秒) |
空白对照组 | 20 | 615±87 |
实验组(低剂量) | 20 | 658±62 |
实验组(中剂量) | 20 | 723±84<sup>a*</sup> |
实验组(高剂量) | 20 | 756±57<sup>a*b*</sup> |
对照组1(低剂量) | 20 | 665±113 |
对照组1(中剂量) | 20 | 731±107<sup>a*</sup> |
对照组1(高剂量) | 20 | 762±69<sup>a*b*</sup> |
对照组2(低剂量) | 20 | 646±58 |
对照组2(中剂量) | 20 | 679±91 |
对照组2(高剂量) | 20 | 702±72<sup>a*</sup> |
对照组3(低剂量) | 20 | 664±78 |
对照组3(中剂量) | 20 | 689±83 |
对照组3(高剂量) | 20 | 722±92<sup>a*</sup> |
a*<0.05与空白对照组比较;b*<0.05与实验组低剂量比较;c*<0.05与实验组中剂量比较;d*<0.05与实验组高剂量比较。
以上数据结果表明:与空白对照组相比,实验组的中剂量和高剂量组、对照组1的中剂量和高剂量组、以及对照组2-3的高剂量组,均具备显著性差异。与实验组低剂量比较,实验组的高剂量组以及对照组1的高剂量组,均具备显著性差异。
表8样品对肝糖原的影响
组别 | 小鼠数量(只) | 肝糖原(mmol/L) |
空白对照组 | 20 | 587±71 |
实验组(低剂量) | 20 | 668±65<sup>a*</sup> |
实验组(中剂量) | 20 | 687±80<sup>a*</sup> |
实验组(高剂量) | 20 | 729±64<sup>a**</sup> |
对照组1(低剂量) | 20 | 672±93<sup>a*</sup> |
对照组1(中剂量) | 20 | 691±102<sup>a*</sup> |
对照组1(高剂量) | 20 | 742±89<sup>a**</sup> |
对照组2(低剂量) | 20 | 633±75 |
对照组2(中剂量) | 20 | 678±79 |
对照组2(高剂量) | 20 | 719±84<sup>a*</sup> |
对照组3(低剂量) | 20 | 651±69 |
对照组3(中剂量) | 20 | 695±106 |
对照组3(高剂量) | 20 | 732±55<sup>a*</sup> |
a*<0.05与空白对照组比较;b*<0.05与实验组低剂量比较;c*<0.05与实验组中剂量比较;d*<0.05与实验组高剂量比较;**<0.01。
以上数据结果表明:与空白对照组相比,实验组的中剂量和高剂量组、对照组1的中剂量和高剂量组、以及对照组2-3的高剂量组,均具备显著性差异;与空白对照组相比,实验组和对照组1的高剂量组具备非常显著性差异。而实验组和对照组1同等剂量的组别之间没有显著差异,提示,咖啡因的添加不会提升肝糖原的含量。
表9样品对血清尿素氮的影响
组别 | 小鼠数量(只) | 尿素氮(mmol/L) |
空白对照组 | 20 | 9.31±0.83 |
实验组(低剂量) | 20 | 9.02±1.09 |
实验组(中剂量) | 20 | 8.17±0.93<sup>a*</sup> |
实验组(高剂量) | 20 | 7.98±0.74<sup>a*</sup> |
对照组1(低剂量) | 20 | 8.97±0.82 |
对照组1(中剂量) | 20 | 8.29±0.66<sup>a*</sup> |
对照组1(高剂量) | 20 | 8.04±0.79<sup>a*</sup> |
对照组2(低剂量) | 20 | 9.17±0.97 |
对照组2(中剂量) | 20 | 8.89±1.02 |
对照组2(高剂量) | 20 | 8.41±0.83<sup>a*</sup> |
对照组3(低剂量) | 20 | 9.11±0.90 |
对照组3(中剂量) | 20 | 8.42±0.74<sup>a*</sup> |
对照组3(高剂量) | 20 | 8.35±0.69<sup>a*</sup> |
a*<0.05与空白对照组比较;b*<0.05与实验组低剂量比较;c*<0.05与实验组中剂量比较;d*<0.05与实验组高剂量比较。
以上数据结果表明:与空白对照组相比,实验组中剂量和高剂量组、对照组 1、3的中剂量和高剂量组,以及对照组2的高剂量组,均具备显著性差异。而实验组和对照组1同等剂量的组别之间没有显著差异,提示,咖啡因的添加不会降低血清尿素氮的浓度。
综上,如上表7-9所示,对照组1采用的三个剂量组的咖啡因在本发明产品中并没有明显的改善作用,而且长时间或高剂量的咖啡因会因为服用时间过长或服用量过大,容易成瘾,还对身体产生较大的损害,例如高血压、冠心病、骨质疏松,因此,在本发明耐力组合物中,通过添加牛磺酸、D-核糖以及肌醇三种有效组分,无需添加咖啡因组分即可产生较好的补充能量和抗疲劳的效果。本发明采用牛磺酸、D-核糖以及肌醇三种有效组分进行合理配伍,产生了较好的协同作用,所制得的产品具有补充能量、抗疲劳等作用,产生了预料不到的技术效果。
虽然,上文中已经用一般性说明、具体实施方式及试验,对本发明作了详尽的描述,但在本发明基础上,可以对之作一些修改或改进,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此,在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进,均属于本发明要求保护的范围。
Claims (3)
1.耐力组合物用于促进牛磺酸利用的用途,其特征在于,所述耐力组合物中不含影响牛磺酸吸收及发挥生理功能的物质,包括咖啡因,和来自于植物提取物中的生物碱;
所述耐力组合物的有效成分为按照重量份计,牛磺酸10-60份,D-核糖1-20份,肌醇1-20份;
所述耐力组合物的每一独立包装量含有牛磺酸10-2000mg,D-核糖5-1000mg和肌醇5-1000mg,所述的独立包装量是指提供一次服用的包装量,每瓶饮料,每片咀嚼片以及其它可以一次服用的包装量;
所述耐力组合物还包括维生素B1、B2、B6、B12、泛酸、烟酸、烟酰胺、维生素C以及上述任意二者以上的混合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其特征在于,所述耐力组合物还含有药学上或者食品上可接受种类和重量份的辅料或添加剂。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其特征在于,所述耐力组合物为食品、药品或保健品,所述耐力组合物为固体或液体,所述耐力组合物为咀嚼胶、咀嚼片、饮料以及口服液。
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