CN109452197B - Device and method for optimizing feeding process of barn-raised sheep based on data acquisition of Internet of things - Google Patents
Device and method for optimizing feeding process of barn-raised sheep based on data acquisition of Internet of things Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a barn sheep feeding process optimizing device based on internet of things data acquisition, which comprises a barn sheep feeding water drinking device, a barn feed intake device, a lick brick, a weighed internet of things data acquisition device, a barn temperature sensor, a converter and an internet of things data acquisition integrated computer; and each diet behavior data acquisition management machine, each weighing data acquisition management machine, each colony house temperature sensor and each converter are respectively in communication connection with the Internet of things data acquisition integrated computer. The optimization method of the feeding process of the barn sheep based on the device comprises the following steps: s1) acquiring and recording sheep diet behavior data and weighing data; s2) importing sheep diet behavior data and weighing data; s3) importing or recording the basic situation data of the sheep; s4) importing or recording feed feeding data; s5) calculating the total consumption cost and the weight gain cost of each sheep; s6) obtaining the optimal feed feeding data of the sheep. The invention can obtain the optimal feeding method of sheep and improve the production benefit of breeding sheep in the colony house.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of livestock breeding informatization, in particular to a device and a method for optimizing a feeding process of a barn-raised sheep based on data acquisition of the Internet of things.
Background
With the popularization and application of the colony raising technology, the animal husbandry, especially the small livestock such as sheep and the like, shows the development trend of large scale, centralization, industrialization and informatization. In the process of breeding sheep in a colony house, the feeding process needs to be continuously improved, the fattening efficiency of sheep is improved, the feeding cost is reduced, the traditional extensive feeding mode depending on manual experience cannot obtain satisfactory effect, and a better feeding method needs to be found out from a large amount of data by carrying out data acquisition, analysis and comparison on the feeding condition and the weight increasing condition of sheep, and is applied and improved, so that the feed conversion ratio is reduced, and the production benefit is improved. In the prior art, the following patents disclose data acquisition techniques for the dietary status of housed sheep based on the internet of things.
Patent CN201710846558.5 discloses an thing networking data acquisition device of sheep drinking water of breeding in pens, by sheep drinking water bowl, take the warm water pipe of touch switch, photoelectric switch, radio frequency electromagnetic wave transceiver, electromagnetic wave interception metal covering, sheep ear tag formula transponder, data acquisition supervisor constitute. An electromagnetic wave interception metal cover is arranged on the wall of a sheepfold in a shed or on a shed separation fence, a radio frequency electromagnetic wave transceiver is arranged in the cover, a sheep ear tag type transponder is arranged on the ear of each sheep, and a photoelectric switch is arranged above a sheep drinking bowl. When a sheep brings the head close to the drinking bowl for drinking water, the photoelectric switch sends a trigger signal to inform the radio frequency electromagnetic wave transceiver to send radio frequency electromagnetic waves to activate the sheep ear tag type transponder of the drinking sheep to reflect the number to the radio frequency electromagnetic wave transceiver and upload the number to the data acquisition management machine, and the drinking time and duration of each sheep are recorded. Electromagnetic waves reflected by the mistakenly activated sheep ear tag type transponder are isolated by the electromagnetic wave intercepting metal cover, so that the accuracy of data acquisition is guaranteed. The application of the technique described in this patent accurately collects and records the start and end times of each drinking water per day for each sheep and the ear tag number of that sheep.
The patent CN201710846152.7 discloses an internet-of-things data acquisition device for feeding feed of captive sheep, which is composed of a front sheepbed fence of a sheepfold in the house, a feed trough, a correlation type infrared emitter and receiver, a radio frequency electromagnetic wave emitter, an electromagnetic signal receiver, an electromagnetic wave interception metal plate, a sheep ear tag type responder and a data acquisition management machine; a radio frequency electromagnetic wave transmitter and an electromagnetic signal receiver are arranged on the upper portion of the outer side vertical surface of a sheep bed front rail of a sheep pen in a shed through an electromagnetic wave interception metal plate, an ear tag type responder is arranged on an ear of each sheep, and a correlation type infrared transmitter and a receiver are arranged at the positions, close to the upper edge of a feed trough, of the pen partition rail on two sides of the outer side of the sheep bed front rail. When a sheep probe feeds the fodder in the fodder trough, the opposite-emitting type infrared emitter and the receiver send a trigger signal to the radio-frequency electromagnetic wave emitter to send radio-frequency electromagnetic waves, the sheep ear tag type responder outside the front fence of the sheep bed is activated and sends the number of the responder, the electromagnetic signal receiver receives the number and uploads the number to the data acquisition management machine, and the feeding time and duration of each sheep are recorded. The electromagnetic wave reflected by the false activation ear tag type transponder is isolated by the electromagnetic wave interception metal plate, so that the accuracy of data acquisition is ensured. The application of the technique described in this patent accurately collects and records the start and end times of each day of feed intake by each sheep and the ear tag number of that sheep.
Patent CN201710846026.1 discloses a licking brick thing networking data collection system that sheep were raised in colony house, by the support, lick the brick, a set of photoelectric switch, radio frequency electromagnetic wave transceiver, electromagnetic wave interception metal covering, sheep ear tag formula transponder, data acquisition supervisor constitute. An electromagnetic wave interception metal cover is arranged at the top of a support which is stably arranged in a sheepfold in a shed, a radio frequency electromagnetic wave transceiver is arranged in the metal cover, an ear tag type responder is arranged on the ear of each sheep, and a group of photoelectric switches are arranged above a licking brick. When the sheep licks the sheep by making the head close to the licking brick, the photoelectric switch sends a trigger signal to inform the radio frequency electromagnetic wave transceiver to send radio frequency electromagnetic waves to activate the ear tag type transponder of the licking sheep to reflect the number to the radio frequency electromagnetic wave transceiver and upload the number to the data acquisition management machine. The time and duration of licking the block was recorded for each sheep. Electromagnetic waves reflected by the false activation ear tag type transponder are isolated by the electromagnetic wave interception metal cover, so that the accuracy of data acquisition is guaranteed. The application of the technique described in this patent accurately collects and records the start and end times of each day licking block by each sheep and the ear tag number of the sheep.
The patent technology is only limited to the independent collection and analysis of drinking water data or feed intake data or lick data of the sheep, and the optimal feeding process of the sheep in the barn cannot be obtained by combining all diet behavior data and weighing data of the sheep in the barn and carrying out comprehensive analysis.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for optimizing a feeding process of breeding sheep in a barn by integrating data of Internet of things of drinking water, eating feed, licking bricks and weighing of the sheep.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a barn sheep feeding process optimizing device based on internet of things data acquisition,
the system comprises a colony house sheep breeding drinking water Internet of things data acquisition device, a colony house sheep breeding feed intake Internet of things data acquisition device, a colony house sheep breeding block lapping Internet of things data acquisition device, a colony house sheep weighing Internet of things data acquisition device, a colony house temperature sensor and converter and an Internet of things data acquisition integrated computer;
the Internet of things data acquisition device for weighing the sheep raised in the shed comprises a feeding device, a radio frequency electromagnetic wave transceiver, an ear tag type transponder, a weighing partition fence, a weighing box-shaped flat plate, a weighing sensor, a sensor carrying beam, a weighing data conversion and transmission device and a data acquisition management machine, wherein the feeding device is arranged close to a sheep shed wall or a fence; the sensor carrying beam is a steel beam, two ends of the steel beam are fixedly arranged on wall bodies of two side walls of the sheep house dung ditch, the steel beam is horizontally positioned below the dung leaking plate, the weighing sensor is one or one group of pressure sensors, and the pressure sensors are arranged on the sensor carrying beam through a support; the corresponding positions of the dung leaking plates are provided with rectangular holes with the size slightly larger than that of the weighing box-shaped flat plate, the weighing box-shaped flat plate penetrates through the rectangular holes and is fixedly installed on the weighing sensor through a support, the weighing box-shaped flat plate is of a box-shaped structure formed by a rectangular flat bottom plate and vertical baffles above four sides of the rectangular flat bottom plate, and the upper surfaces of the rectangular flat bottom plate and the dung leaking plates of the weighing box-shaped flat plate are located on the same horizontal plane; the weighing barriers are a pair of parallel railings and are vertically arranged on the outer sides of two sides of the rectangular holes of the dung leaking plate, one end of each weighing barrier is close to a sheep pen wall or a fence of the feeding device, and the other end of each weighing barrier exceeds the weighing box-shaped flat plate; the installation height of the radio frequency electromagnetic wave transceiver is lower than the head position of the sheep when the sheep stands naturally, the electromagnetic wave emission direction of the radio frequency electromagnetic wave transceiver is right below the radio frequency electromagnetic wave transceiver, the radio frequency electromagnetic wave transceiver is in communication connection with the data acquisition manager, the input end of the weighing data conversion and transmission device is connected with the output end of the weighing sensor, and the output end of the weighing data conversion and transmission device is in communication connection with the data acquisition manager;
the drinking water data acquisition management machine of the colony house sheep-raising drinking water Internet of things data acquisition device, the ingestion data acquisition management machine of the colony house sheep-raising ingestion feed Internet of things data acquisition device, the licking brick data acquisition management machine of the colony house sheep licking brick Internet of things data acquisition device and the weighing data acquisition management machine of the colony house sheep weighing Internet of things data acquisition device are connected with the Internet of things data acquisition integrated computer through a local area network; and the colony house temperature sensor and the converter are in communication connection with the Internet of things data acquisition integrated computer.
Furthermore, the outer width of a weighing box-shaped flat plate of the internet-of-things data acquisition device for weighing the shed-rearing sheep is 1.2-1.5 times of the distance between the left hoof and the right hoof of the sheep when the sheep naturally stands, and the outer length of the weighing box-shaped flat plate is 1.1-1.3 times of the distance between the front hoof and the rear hoof of the sheep when the sheep naturally stands; the height of the vertical baffle above the four edges of the box-shaped flat plate to be weighed is 2-5 cm, and the thickness of the vertical baffle is 0.3-2 cm.
Further, the parallel interval of a pair of weighing barriers of the internet of things data acquisition device for weighing sheep in the shed is 1.1-1.3 times of the body width of the sheep, the weighing barriers are higher than the buttocks of the sheep, and the cross rod at the lower part of the weighing barriers is lower than the knee joints of the sheep.
Furthermore, the feeding device of the internet of things data acquisition device for weighing the sheep raised in the house is a water drinking bowl or a trough for the sheep.
Furthermore, the Internet of things data acquisition integrated computer is a single computer, or a data acquisition management machine of a colony-rearing sheep drinking water Internet of things data acquisition device, or a data acquisition management machine of a colony-rearing sheep feed intake Internet of things data acquisition device, or a data acquisition management machine of a colony-rearing sheep licking brick Internet of things data acquisition device, or a weighing data acquisition management machine of a barn sheep weighing Internet of things data acquisition device, or the same data acquisition and management machine which is commonly used by the data acquisition and management machine of the colony house sheep-raising drinking water Internet of things data acquisition device, the data acquisition and management machine of the colony house sheep-raising feed intake Internet of things data acquisition device, the data acquisition and management machine of the colony house sheep-raising licking brick Internet of things data acquisition device and the weighing data acquisition and management machine of the colony house sheep-raising weighing Internet of things data acquisition device.
A method for optimizing a feeding process of a housing sheep based on data acquisition of the Internet of things comprises the following steps:
s1) collecting and recording sheep diet behavior data and weighing data
The method comprises the following steps of continuously collecting and recording sheep eating behavior data by using a colony house sheep raising drinking water internet of things data collection device, a colony house sheep raising feed internet of things data collection device and a colony house sheep licking brick internet of things data collection device every day, and measuring and recording the temperature in the colony house by using a colony house temperature sensor and a converter every day;
continuously acquiring and recording the weight data of the sheep by using an internet-of-things data acquisition device for weighing the sheep in the shed every day;
and (4) performing itinerant inspection on all the sheep raised in the house every day, identifying, recording and isolating the sheep with abnormal health state, and continuously acquiring and recording data for preset days.
S2) importing sheep diet behavior data and weighing data
Introducing sheep drinking water, feed intake, licking blocks and weighing historical observation data into a data acquisition management machine of the colony house sheep feeding water and feed internet-of-things data acquisition device, a data acquisition management machine of the colony house sheep feeding and feed intake internet-of-things data acquisition device, a data acquisition management machine of the colony house sheep licking block internet-of-things data acquisition device and a weighing data acquisition management machine by using an internet-of-things data acquisition integrated computer, wherein the historical observation data comprises sheep ear tag number id, diet behavior B of each sheep during observation, start time TS and end time TE of each behavior and sheep weight G, and the diet behavior B is one of behaviors of sheep drinking water ys, feed intake cs and feed intake tz;
and screening the data one by one according to the serial number id of the sheep ear tag, transferring the data corresponding to the serial number id of the sheep ear tag with abnormal health state, which is found and isolated in the itinerant examination, to an abnormal database for storage, and simultaneously importing the corresponding temperature data WD in the colony house.
S3) importing or recording sheep basic situation data
Importing or recording the basic situation data of the sheep, including ear tag number id, birth time, variety, sex, classification, sheep hurdle number and sheep hurdle number;
the classification of the sheep comprises four categories of nursing lambs, fattening sheep, breeding ewes and breeding rams, wherein the nursing lambs are divided into a plurality of stages according to the age of days, the fattening sheep are divided into a plurality of stages according to the age of days, the breeding ewes are divided into four stages of a body maturation early stage, an empty pregnancy stage, a pregnancy stage and a lactation stage according to days, and the breeding rams are divided into three stages of a body maturation early stage, a hybridization stage and a non-hybridization stage according to days; all sheep can be classified into only 2M +2N +4+3 categories, i.e.:
stage a breastfeeding lambs, a ═ 1,2, … …, M; the female nursing lambs in the stage b, wherein the stage b is 1,2, … …, M and M refers to M stages of nursing lambs divided by the age of day;
c is 1,2, … …, N; the female fattening sheep at the stage d is divided into N stages according to the age of the fattening sheep, wherein d is 1,2, … …, and N is N;
breeding ewes in the early stage of body maturity, breeding ewes in the gestational and obstetrical period, breeding ewes in the lactation period and breeding ewes in the nonpregnant period;
stud ram in early stage of body maturity, stud ram in mating stage, stud ram in non-mating stage;
different types of sheep are housed in different groups.
S4) importing or recording feed feeding data
Importing or recording daily feed feeding and licking brick feeding data of each sheep pen number l, wherein the data comprises the following data: the feed feeding times Ntcl (l, k, date), the feed feeding time Ttcl (l, k, date), the feed feeding amount Qtcl (l, k, date) each time, the feed formula number Ptcl (l, k, date) of each feeding, the type Mtz (l, k, date) of the licking brick and the feeding time TMtz (l, k, date); wherein, L is a sheep hurdle number, and L is the total number of sheep hurdles; k is the category number, K1., K2M +2N +4+3 categories, date is the date.
S5) calculating the total consumption cost and the weight gain cost of sheep per unit
Extracting historical observation data of the starting time TS and the ending time TE corresponding to the eating behavior B according to the ear tag number id, calculating the drinking times Nys (id, K, date), the ingestion times Ncs (id, K, date) and the licking brick times Ntz (id, K, date) of sheep with each ear tag number id every day according to the date in the starting time TS, and calculating the total drinking time Tys (id, K, date) sigma of each ear tag number id every dayNys(id,k,date)(teys (id) -tsys (id)), total length of time Tcs (id, k, date) for feeding fodder ∑Ncs(id,k,date)(TECS (id) -TScs (id), total licking block time Ttz (id, k, date) ∑ ΣNtz(id,k,date)(tetz (id) -tstz (id)); TSys (id) and TEys (id) are the start time and the end time of the drinking water of the sheep with the ear tag number id, the data come from a data acquisition management machine of the drinking water internet of things data acquisition device of the sheep fed in the colony house, and TScs (id) and TECs (id) are the drinking water of the ear tag number idThe method comprises the following steps that the sheep eat feed for the time, wherein the data come from a data acquisition management machine of an internet of things data acquisition device for the feed eaten by the captive sheep, TStz (id) and TEtz (id) are the start time and the end time of licking the block for the time of the sheep with the ear tag number id, and the data come from the data acquisition management machine of the internet of things data acquisition device for the licking the block for the captive sheep;
weighing data { id, date, G } of sheep introduced from the weighing data acquisition management machine is recorded as { G (id, t) }, t is date, and is recorded as delta G (id, t) ═ G (id, t) -G (id, t-1), wherein delta G (id, t) is the weight change amount of the sheep with the ear tag number id from the t-1 th day to the t-th day;
setting the class stage days of the class K as Tkt, wherein K is 1, a.k, K is 2M +2N +4+3, kt is one day in the class K stage days, kt is 1, a.t, Tkt, and the weight change of the sheep with the ear tag number id only in the class K stage Tkt days;
calculating the ear tag number id of the category k according to the sheep hurdle number l, wherein the accumulated time length ZTcs (k) sigma of the feed intake of the sheep in the category stage days Tktid∑ktTcs (id, k, kt), licking block cumulative duration zttz (k) Σid∑ktTtz (id, k, kt), cumulative drinking time ZTys (k) Σid∑ktTys (id, k, kt), wherein kt 1., Tkt, id 1., NT is the total number of sheep in the sheep pen numbered l;
calculating the feed charging accumulated amount ZQtcl (l, k) ═ Sigma in Tkt dayskt∑Ntcl(l,k,kt)Qtcl (l, k, kt), weighing or estimating the lick brick consumption ZMTz (l, k), estimating the drinking water consumption Zsys (l, k); calculating total feed cost Ctcl (l, k) ═ f (ZQtcl (l, k), Ptcl (l, k)), total lick block cost Ctz (l, k) ═ g (ZMtz (l, k), Mtz (l, k)), total drinking water cost Cys (l, k) ═ h (ZSys (l, k), wd (k)) of the sheep pen number l on the Tkt day of category k; wherein f (-) represents a function of feed cost with respect to feed input amount and feed formula, g (-) represents a function of lick brick cost with respect to lick brick consumption amount and lick brick type, h (-) represents a function of drinking water cost with respect to drinking water consumption amount and colony house temperature, WD (k) represents colony house average temperature in Tkt days of class k, and power demand is increased when colony house temperature is lowHot drinking water to ensure constant temperature of the sheep drinking water;
the three total costs are the total cost consumed by all sheep in the sheepcots in the Tkt days of the category k by the sheepcots number l, the cost consumed by each ear tag number id sheep is estimated according to the total time of feed intake, block licking and water drinking of each ear tag number id sheep, and the total cost consumed by the ear tag number id sheep is calculated
Thus, the cost R (id, k) ═ CC (id, k)/delta G (id, Tkt) of weight unit weight gain of each male or female suckling lamb in M category stages and male or female fattening lambs in N category stages is estimated; estimating the weight gain cost of the breeding ewes and the breeding rams in the early stage of body maturity, the fat protection cost of the breeding ewes in the stages of pregnancy and delivery, lactation and nonpregnant, and the fat protection cost of the breeding rams in the stages of mating and non-mating.
S6) obtaining optimal feed feeding data of sheep
For each class phase K, K1.., K2M +2N +4+3, the id that minimizes R (id, K) is found in all class phases of the same K*(k) Then finding out the ear tag number id*(k) Corresponding sheepfold number l (k), finding out feed formula number Ptcl (l (k), k) and licking brick model number Mtz (l (k), k), finding out ear tag number id*(k) Daily drinking times Nys (id) of sheep*(k) K) and the time of onset of each drink TSys (id)*(k) And end time (id)*(k) Ncs (id) of daily intake of feed*(k) K) and the starting time of each feed intake TScs (id)*(k) And end time TECs (id)*(k) Ntz times of licking in the block (id)*(k) K) and the respective block start times TStz (id)*(k) And end time TEtz (id)*(k) Total length of drinking water Tys (id)*(k) K) total length of intakeTcs(id*(k) K), total lick block length Ttz (id)*(k),k)；
Frequency Ncs (id) of daily intake of feed*(k) K) and the starting time of each feed intake TScs (id)*(k) Replacing the original feed feeding times Ntcl (l, k, date) and the feed feeding time Ttcl (l, k, date), wherein the feed feeding quantity Qtcl (l, k, date) of each time is estimated according to a unit weight gain feeding coefficient;
Q*tcl(l,k,date)＝ΔG(id，k，Tkt)·ρ/Ncs(id*(k) k)/Tkt, where ρ is the unit weight gain feed coefficient; the block licking time TMtz (l, k, date) is unchanged;
all the stages were treated as described above, and the number of feed formulations Ptcl (l: (a), a), lick block model Mtz (l: (a), a), and the feed feeding times Ntcl (l, a, date) was Ncs (id)*(a) A), a feed feeding time Ttcl (l, a, date) is TScs (id)*(a) And the feed feeding amount Q (l, a, date) is delta G (id, a, Tkt) rho/Ncs (id) each time*(a) a)/Tkt } forms a feeding method with the minimum weight unit weight gain cost of male nursing lambs and female nursing lambs, wherein a is 1,2, … …, M refers to the category of the a stage, M refers to the category of the M stages divided by the age of day of the nursing lambs, and the corresponding feeding cost is { R (id) (i.e. the number of the feeding points of the feeding lambs is one), and the number of the feeding points is two*,1),...,R(id*,a),...,R(id*,M)}；
The feed is composed of { feed formula number Ptcl (l: (c), c), lick brick model Mtz (l: (c), c), feed feeding times Ntcl (l, c, date) ═ Ncs (id)*(c) C), feed feeding time Ttccl (l, c, date) is TScs (id)*(c) And the feed feeding amount Q (l, c, date) is delta G (id, c, Tkt) rho/Ncs (id) each time*(c) c)/Tkt } constitutes a feeding method with the minimum weight gain cost per unit of the male fattening sheep and the female fattening sheep, wherein c is 1,2, … …, N is the category of the c stage, N is the category of N stages of the fattening sheep divided by the day age, and the corresponding feeding cost is { R (id) (i d) }*,1),...,R(id*,c),...,R(id*N) }; and similarly, a feeding method with the lowest cost is made in four stages of the breeding ewes and three stages of the breeding rams.
Further, the procedure for weighing the housed sheep in S1) was as follows:
t1) the weighing sensor continuously outputs millivolt measuring signals in working state, the weighing data conversion and transmission device converts the measuring signals into weighing data d (k) according to the preset sampling period T and sends the weighing data d (k) to the data acquisition management machine;
when a sheep enters an area formed by the weighing barriers for drinking or eating, the front hoofs of the sheep step on the weighing box-shaped flat plate to trigger the weighing sensor to output a non-zero signal, and after the data acquisition management machine receives a non-zero weighing data sequence, the data acquisition management machine starts to calculate a moving average value g (K + K-1) ([ d (K) + d (K +1) +. + d. + K-1) ]/K according to a preset window periodicity K for the received weighing data { d (K), d (K +1), ].
After drinking or eating begins, the head of the sheep is positioned under the radio frequency electromagnetic wave transceiver, the ear tag type transponder arranged on the ear of the sheep is activated by the electromagnetic wave transmitted by the radio frequency electromagnetic wave transceiver, namely, the electromagnetic wave signal containing the transponder number is transmitted, the radio frequency electromagnetic wave transceiver receives the signal and then transmits the serial number data ID of the ear tag type transponder of the sheep to the data acquisition manager, and the data acquisition manager receives the serial number data ID of the ear tag type transponder of the sheep, associates the serial number data ID with the moving average value g (K + K-1) of the weighing data and records the serial number data ID as (ID, g (K + K-1)).
T2) calculates the deviation E (K + K) between two adjacent moving averages corresponding to the numbered data ID as g (K + K) -g (K + K-1), and when the absolute value of E (K + K) is smaller than the preset value E, i.e., -E (K + K) | < E, the data collection manager stores the array { ID, current time, g (K + K) } in the sheep weighing data log file.
T3), the data acquisition management machine compares g (K + K) data corresponding to adjacent "current time" in an array { ID, current time, g (K + K) } with the same ID on the previous day and the current day, if a large deviation occurs and is larger than a preset upper limit, for example, | g (K1+ K) -g (K2+ K) > MAX (g (K1+ K), g (K2+ K)) > 25%, the data acquisition management machine sends out a fault early warning to prompt for field inspection; if no major deviation occurs, go to step T4).
T4), the data acquisition management machine arranges the data in the sheep weighing data log file of the previous day every day, extracts date data date from the current time in an array { ID, current time, G (K + K) } with the same ID, calculates the average value G of the weighing data G (K + K), forms an array { ID, date, G } and stores the array { ID, date, G } in a sheep weighing database.
T5) the data collection management machine deletes the sheep weighing data log files before the preset retention time period in a rolling mode every day.
T6) back to step T1).
Further, in step T1), if the weighing data d (k) exhibits a non-zero value and then exhibits a zero value, these data are discarded until the non-zero weighing data again appears and are not used for calculating the moving average.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention relates to a barn sheep feeding process optimization device and method based on Internet of things data acquisition, which are used for acquiring and recording observation data of thousands of or even tens of thousands of barn sheep, and integrating, analyzing and calculating diet behavior data including sheep drinking water, feed intake and licking blocks and sheep weighing data of the barn sheep to obtain an optimal feeding method of sheep, thereby improving the efficiency of barn production of mutton sheep.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment 1 of a device for optimizing a feeding process of a barn sheep based on data acquisition of the internet of things.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment 2 of the optimization device for the feeding process of the barn sheep based on data acquisition of the internet of things.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the optimization method of the feeding process of the barn sheep based on the data acquisition of the Internet of things.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the technology optimizing device for feeding the housing sheep based on the data acquisition of the internet of things comprises a housing sheep feeding drinking water internet of things data acquisition device 1, a housing sheep feeding feed internet of things data acquisition device 2, a housing sheep licking brick internet of things data acquisition device 3, a housing sheep weighing internet of things data acquisition device 4, a housing temperature sensor and converter 5 and an internet of things data acquisition integrated computer 6;
the internet of things data acquisition device 4 for weighing sheep in a shed comprises a sheep drinking bowl 13 mounted by a sheep shed wall or a fence, a radio frequency electromagnetic wave transceiver 12 mounted on the sheep shed wall or the fence above the sheep drinking bowl 13, an ear tag type transponder 10 mounted on sheep ears, a weighing compartment 411, a weighing box-shaped flat plate 412, a weighing sensor 413, a sensor carrying beam 415, a weighing data conversion and transmission device 414 and a data acquisition management machine 416.
The sensor carries roof beam 415 for both ends fixed mounting is the girder steel on sheep hurdle excrement ditch both sides trench wall body, and the girder steel level is located excrement leaking board 422 below, weighing sensor 413 is one or a set of pressure sensor, and pressure sensor passes through the support mounting and is in on the sensor carries roof beam 415.
A rectangular hole which is slightly larger than the weighing box-shaped flat plate 412 in size is formed in the corresponding position of the dung leaking plate 422, the weighing box-shaped flat plate 412 penetrates through the rectangular hole and is fixedly installed on the weighing sensor 413 through a support, the weighing box-shaped flat plate 412 is a box-shaped structure formed by a rectangular flat bottom plate and vertical baffle plates above four sides of the rectangular flat bottom plate, and the upper surface of the rectangular flat bottom plate of the weighing box-shaped flat plate 412 and the upper surface of the dung leaking plate 422 are located on the same horizontal plane; the outer width of the weighing box-shaped flat plate 412 is 1.2-1.5 times of the distance between the left hoof and the right hoof when the sheep naturally stands, and the outer length of the weighing box-shaped flat plate is 1.1-1.3 times of the distance between the front hoof and the rear hoof when the sheep naturally stands; the height of the vertical baffle above the four edges of the weighing box-shaped flat plate 412 is 2-5 cm, and the thickness of the vertical baffle is 0.3-2 cm.
The weighing barriers 411 are a pair of parallel railings and are vertically arranged on the outer sides of two sides of the rectangular hole of the dung leaking plate 422, one end of each weighing barrier 411 is close to a sheep pen wall or a fence of the feeding device, and the other end of each weighing barrier exceeds the weighing box-shaped flat plate 412; the installation height of the radio frequency electromagnetic wave transceiver 12 is lower than the head position of the sheep when the sheep stands naturally, the electromagnetic wave emission direction of the radio frequency electromagnetic wave transceiver 12 is right below, the radio frequency electromagnetic wave transceiver 12 is in communication connection with a data acquisition manager 416, the input end of the weighing data conversion and transmission device 414 is connected with the output end of the weighing sensor 413, and the output end of the weighing data conversion and transmission device 414 is in communication connection with the data acquisition manager 416; the parallel interval of weighing compartment 411 is 1.1 ~ 1.3 times of sheep body width, and the height of weighing compartment 411 is higher than sheep buttock, and the lower part horizontal pole of weighing compartment 411 is less than sheep knee joint.
The drinking water data acquisition management machine of the colony house sheep-raising drinking water Internet of things data acquisition device 1, the ingestion data acquisition management machine of the colony house sheep-raising ingestion feed Internet of things data acquisition device 2, the licking brick data acquisition management machine of the colony house sheep-raising licking brick Internet of things data acquisition device 3 and the weighing data acquisition management machine 416 of the colony house sheep-raising weighing Internet of things data acquisition device 4 are connected with the Internet of things data acquisition integrated computer 6 through a local area network; the colony house temperature sensor and the converter 5 are in communication connection with the Internet of things data acquisition integrated computer 6. The Internet of things data acquisition and integration computer 6 is an independent computer, or a data acquisition and management machine of the colony-rearing sheep drinking water Internet of things data acquisition device 1, or a data acquisition and management machine of the colony-rearing sheep feed intake Internet of things data acquisition device 2, or a data acquisition and management machine of the colony-rearing sheep licking brick Internet of things data acquisition device 3, or one of the weighing data acquisition and management machines 416 of the barn sheep weighing Internet of things data acquisition device 4, or the same data acquisition and management machine which is commonly used by the data acquisition and management machine of the colony house sheep-raising drinking water Internet of things data acquisition device 1, the data acquisition and management machine of the colony house sheep-raising feed intake Internet of things data acquisition device 2, the data acquisition and management machine of the colony house sheep-raising licking brick Internet of things data acquisition device 3 and the weighing data acquisition and management machine of the colony house sheep-raising weighing Internet of things data acquisition device 4.
As shown in fig. 3, a method for optimizing the feeding process of a barn sheep based on data acquisition of the internet of things comprises the following steps:
s1) collecting and recording sheep diet behavior data and weighing data
The method comprises the following steps of continuously collecting and recording sheep eating behavior data by using a colony house sheep raising drinking water internet of things data collection device, a colony house sheep raising feed internet of things data collection device and a colony house sheep licking brick internet of things data collection device every day, and measuring and recording the temperature in the colony house by using a colony house temperature sensor and a converter every day;
continuously acquiring and recording the weight data of the sheep by using an internet-of-things data acquisition device for weighing the sheep in the shed every day;
and (4) performing itinerant inspection on all the sheep raised in the house every day, identifying, recording and isolating the sheep with abnormal health state, and continuously acquiring and recording data for preset days.
S1) weighing the breeding sheep:
t1) the weighing sensor continuously outputs millivolt measuring signals in working state, the weighing data conversion and transmission device converts the measuring signals into weighing data d (k) according to the preset sampling period T and sends the weighing data d (k) to the data acquisition management machine;
when a sheep enters an area formed by the weighing barriers for drinking or eating, the front hoofs of the sheep step on the weighing box-shaped flat plate to trigger the weighing sensor to output a non-zero signal, and after the data acquisition management machine receives a non-zero weighing data sequence, the data acquisition management machine starts to calculate a moving average value g (K + K-1) ([ d (K) + d (K +1) +. + d. + K-1) ]/K according to a preset window periodicity K for the received weighing data { d (K), d (K +1), ].
After drinking or eating begins, the head of the sheep is positioned under the radio frequency electromagnetic wave transceiver, the ear tag type transponder arranged on the ear of the sheep is activated by the electromagnetic wave transmitted by the radio frequency electromagnetic wave transceiver, namely, an electromagnetic wave signal containing the serial number of the transponder is transmitted, the radio frequency electromagnetic wave transceiver receives the signal and then transmits the serial number data ID of the ear tag type transponder of the sheep to the data acquisition manager, and the data acquisition manager receives the serial number data ID of the ear tag type transponder of the sheep, associates the serial number data ID with the moving average value g (K + K-1) of the weighing data and records the serial number data ID, g (K + K-1));
in step T1), if the weighing data d (k) exhibit a non-zero value and then exhibit a zero value, these data are discarded until the non-zero weighing data again appear and are not used for calculating a moving average.
T2) calculates the deviation E (K + K) between two adjacent moving averages corresponding to the numbered data ID as g (K + K) -g (K + K-1), and when the absolute value of E (K + K) is smaller than the preset value E, i.e., -E (K + K) | < E, the data collection manager stores the array { ID, current time, g (K + K) } in the sheep weighing data log file.
T3), the data acquisition management machine compares g (K + K) data corresponding to adjacent "current time" in an array { ID, current time, g (K + K) } with the same ID on the previous day and the current day, if a large deviation occurs and is larger than a preset upper limit, for example, | g (K1+ K) -g (K2+ K) > MAX (g (K1+ K), g (K2+ K)) > 25%, the data acquisition management machine sends out a fault early warning to prompt for field inspection; if no major deviation occurs, go to step T4).
T4), the data acquisition management machine arranges the data in the sheep weighing data log file of the previous day every day, extracts date data date from the current time in an array { ID, current time, G (K + K) } with the same ID, calculates the average value G of the weighing data G (K + K), forms an array { ID, date, G } and stores the array { ID, date, G } in a sheep weighing database.
T5) the data collection management machine deletes the sheep weighing data log files before the preset retention time period in a rolling mode every day.
T6) back to step T1).
S2) importing sheep diet behavior data and weighing data
Introducing sheep drinking water, feed intake, licking blocks and weighing historical observation data into a data acquisition management machine of the colony house sheep feeding water and feed internet-of-things data acquisition device, a data acquisition management machine of the colony house sheep feeding and feed intake internet-of-things data acquisition device, a data acquisition management machine of the colony house sheep licking block internet-of-things data acquisition device and a weighing data acquisition management machine by using an internet-of-things data acquisition integrated computer, wherein the historical observation data comprises sheep ear tag number id, diet behavior B of each sheep during observation, start time TS and end time TE of each behavior and sheep weight G, and the diet behavior B is one of behaviors of sheep drinking water ys, feed intake cs and feed intake tz;
and screening the data one by one according to the serial number id of the sheep ear tag, transferring the data corresponding to the serial number id of the sheep ear tag with abnormal health state, which is found and isolated in the itinerant examination, to an abnormal database for storage, and simultaneously importing the corresponding temperature data WD in the colony house.
S3) importing or recording sheep basic situation data
Importing or recording the basic situation data of the sheep, including ear tag number id, birth time, variety, sex, classification, sheep hurdle number and sheep hurdle number;
the classification of the sheep comprises four categories of nursing lambs, fattening sheep, breeding ewes and breeding rams, wherein the nursing lambs are divided into a plurality of stages according to the age of days, the fattening sheep are divided into a plurality of stages according to the age of days, the breeding ewes are divided into four stages of a body maturation early stage, an empty pregnancy stage, a pregnancy stage and a lactation stage according to days, and the breeding rams are divided into three stages of a body maturation early stage, a hybridization stage and a non-hybridization stage according to days; all sheep can be classified into only 2M +2N +4+3 categories, i.e.:
stage a breastfeeding lambs, a ═ 1,2, … …, M; the female nursing lambs in the stage b, wherein the stage b is 1,2, … …, M and M refers to M stages of nursing lambs divided by the age of day;
c is 1,2, … …, N; the female fattening sheep at the stage d is divided into N stages according to the age of the fattening sheep, wherein d is 1,2, … …, and N is N;
breeding ewes in the early stage of body maturity, breeding ewes in the gestational and obstetrical period, breeding ewes in the lactation period and breeding ewes in the nonpregnant period;
stud ram in early stage of body maturity, stud ram in mating stage, stud ram in non-mating stage;
different types of sheep are housed in different groups.
S4) importing or recording feed feeding data
Importing or recording daily feed feeding and licking brick feeding data of each sheep pen number l, wherein the data comprises the following data: the feed feeding times Ntcl (l, k, date), the feed feeding time Ttcl (l, k, date), the feed feeding amount Qtcl (l, k, date) each time, the feed formula number Ptcl (l, k, date) of each feeding, the type Mtz (l, k, date) of the licking brick and the feeding time TMtz (l, k, date); wherein, L is a sheep hurdle number, and L is the total number of sheep hurdles; k is the category number, K1., K2M +2N +4+3 categories, date is the date.
S5) calculating the total consumption cost and the weight gain cost of sheep per unit
Extracting historical observation data of the starting time TS and the ending time TE corresponding to the eating behavior B according to the ear tag number id, calculating the drinking times Nys (id, K, date), the ingestion times Ncs (id, K, date) and the licking brick times Ntz (id, K, date) of sheep with each ear tag number id every day according to the date in the starting time TS, and calculating the total drinking time Tys (id, K, date) sigma of each ear tag number id every dayNys(id,k,date)(teys (id) -tsys (id)), total length of time Tcs (id, k, date) for feeding fodder ∑Ncs(id,k,date)(TECS (id) -TScs (id), total licking block time Ttz (id, k, date) ∑ ΣNtz(id,k,date)(tetz (id) -tstz (id)); TSys (id) and TEys (id) are the water drinking start time and the water drinking end time of the sheep with the ear tag number id, the data come from a data acquisition management machine of a colony house sheep-raising water drinking Internet of things data acquisition device, TScs (id) and TECs (id) are the feed eating start time and the feed eating end time of the sheep with the ear tag number id, the data come from the data acquisition management machine of the colony house sheep-raising feed eating Internet of things data acquisition device, TStz (id) and TEtz (id) are the feed licking start time and the feed licking end time of the sheep with the ear tag number id, and the data come from the data acquisition management machine of the colony house sheep licking Internet of things data acquisition device;
weighing data { id, date, G } of sheep introduced from the weighing data acquisition management machine is recorded as { G (id, t) }, t is date, and is recorded as delta G (id, t) ═ G (id, t) -G (id, t-1), wherein delta G (id, t) is the weight change amount of the sheep with the ear tag number id from the t-1 th day to the t-th day;
setting the class stage days of the class K as Tkt, wherein K is 1, a.k, K is 2M +2N +4+3, kt is one day in the class K stage days, kt is 1, a.t, Tkt, and the weight change of the sheep with the ear tag number id only in the class K stage Tkt days;
calculating ear tag number id of category k according to sheepfold number lCumulative time length ztcs (k) Σ of feed intake in the number of days Tkt of stagesid∑ktTcs (id, k, kt), licking block cumulative duration zttz (k) Σid∑ktTtz (id, k, kt), cumulative drinking time ZTys (k) Σid∑ktTys (id, k, kt), wherein kt 1., Tkt, id 1., NT is the total number of sheep in the sheep pen numbered l;
calculating the feed charging accumulated amount ZQtcl (l, k) ═ Sigma in Tkt dayskt∑Ntcl(l,k,kt)Qtcl (l, k, kt), weighing or estimating the lick brick consumption ZMTz (l, k), estimating the drinking water consumption Zsys (l, k); calculating total feed cost Ctcl (l, k) ═ f (ZQtcl (l, k), Ptcl (l, k)), total lick block cost Ctz (l, k) ═ g (ZMtz (l, k), Mtz (l, k)), total drinking water cost Cys (ll, k) ═ h (ZSys (l, k), wd (k)) of the sheep pen number l on the Tkt day of category k; wherein f (-) represents a function of feed cost on feed feeding amount and feed formula, g (-) represents a function of licking brick cost on licking brick consumption and licking brick type, h (-) represents a function of drinking water consumption and colony house temperature, WD (k) represents average colony house temperature in Tkt days of class k, and when the colony house temperature is low, the drinking water is required to be electrically heated to ensure that the drinking water of the sheep is constant;
the three total costs are the total cost consumed by all sheep in the sheepcots in the Tkt days of the category k by the sheepcots number l, the cost consumed by each ear tag number id sheep is estimated according to the total time of feed intake, block licking and water drinking of each ear tag number id sheep, and the total cost consumed by the ear tag number id sheep is calculated
Thus, the cost R (id, k) ═ CC (id, k)/delta G (id, Tkt) of weight unit weight gain of each male or female suckling lamb in M category stages and male or female fattening lambs in N category stages is estimated; estimating the weight gain cost of the breeding ewes and the breeding rams in the early stage of body maturity, the fat protection cost of the breeding ewes in the stages of pregnancy and delivery, lactation and nonpregnant, and the fat protection cost of the breeding rams in the stages of mating and non-mating.
S6) obtaining optimal feed feeding data of sheep
For each class phase K, K1.., K2M +2N +4+3, the id that minimizes R (id, K) is found in all class phases of the same K*(k) Then finding out the ear tag number id*(k) Corresponding sheepfold number l (k), finding out feed formula number Ptcl (l (k), k) and licking brick model number Mtz (l (k), k), finding out ear tag number id*(k) Daily drinking times Nys (id) of sheep*(k) K) and the time of onset of each drink TSys (id)*(k) And end time (id)*(k) Ncs (id) of daily intake of feed*(k) K) and the starting time of each feed intake TScs (id)*(k) And end time TECs (id)*(k) Ntz times of licking in the block (id)*(k) K) and the respective block start times TStz (id)*(k) And end time TEtz (id)*(k) Total length of drinking water Tys (id)*(k) K), total intake time Tcs (id)*(k) K), total lick block length Ttz (id)*(k),k)；
Frequency Ncs (id) of daily intake of feed*(k) K) and the starting time of each feed intake TScs (id)*(k) Replacing the original feed feeding times Ntcl (l, k, date) and the feed feeding time Ttcl (l, k, date), wherein the feed feeding quantity Qtcl (l, k, date) of each time is estimated according to a unit weight gain feeding coefficient;
Q*tcl(l,k,date)＝ΔG(id，k，Tkt)·ρ/Ncs(id*(k) k)/Tkt, where ρ is the unit weight gain feed coefficient; the block licking time TMtz (l, k, date) is unchanged;
all the stages were treated as described above, and the number of feed formulations Ptcl (l: (a), a), lick block model Mtz (l: (a), a), and the feed feeding times Ntcl (l, a, date) was Ncs (id)*(a) A), a feed feeding time Ttcl (l, a, date) is TScs (id)*(a) And the feed feeding amount Q (l, a, date) is delta G (id, a, Tkt) rho/Ncs (id) each time*(a) a)/Tkt } forms a feeding method with the minimum weight unit weight gain cost of male nursing lambs and female nursing lambs, wherein a is 1,2, … …, M refers to the category of the a stage, M refers to the category of the M stages divided by the age of day of the nursing lambs, and the corresponding feeding cost is { R (id) (i.e. the number of the feeding points of the feeding lambs is one), and the number of the feeding points is two*,1),...,R(id*,a),...,R(id*,M)}；
The feed is composed of { feed formula number Ptcl (l: (c), c), lick brick model Mtz (l: (c), c), feed feeding times Ntcl (l, c, date) ═ Ncs (id)*(c) C), feed feeding time Ttccl (l, c, date) is TScs (id)*(c) And the feed feeding amount Q (l, c, date) is delta G (id, c, Tkt) rho/Ncs (id) each time*(c) c)/Tkt } constitutes a feeding method with the minimum weight gain cost per unit of the male fattening sheep and the female fattening sheep, wherein c is 1,2, … …, N is the category of the c stage, N is the category of N stages of the fattening sheep divided by the day age, and the corresponding feeding cost is { R (id) (i d) }*,1),...,R(id*,c),...,R(id*N) }; and similarly, a feeding method with the lowest cost is made in four stages of the breeding ewes and three stages of the breeding rams.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 2, a device for optimizing the feeding process of a barn sheep based on data acquisition of the internet of things, in another embodiment, comprises: the sheep feeding front fence 24 and the feeding trough 25 outside the sheep feeding front fence, the radio frequency electromagnetic wave transceiver 22 is installed outside one grid opening of the sheep feeding front fence 24 and is lower than the head position of the sheep when the sheep naturally stands, and the electromagnetic wave emission direction of the radio frequency electromagnetic wave transceiver 22 is right below; a rectangular hole which is slightly larger than the weighing box-shaped flat plate 412 in size is formed in the corresponding position of the dung leaking plate 422 and is used for installing the weighing box-shaped flat plate 412, the weighing box-shaped flat plate 412 is positioned on the inner side of the grid opening of the feeding front fence 24, which is provided with the radio frequency electromagnetic wave transceiver 22, and is opposite to the grid opening, the distance between the weighing box-shaped flat plate 412 and the feed trough 25 on the outer side of the feeding front fence 24 is about the length of the sheep neck, and when a sheep only extends out of the head to feed in the feed trough 25 on the other side of the feeding front fence 24, four sheep hooves naturally stand on the weighing box-shaped flat plate; the weighing partition bar 411 is a pair of parallel rails arranged on the two outer sides of the two sides of the rectangular hole on the dung leaking plate 422, the distance between the pair of parallel rails is 1.1 to 1.3 times of the body width of a sheep, the height of the weighing partition bar 411 is higher than the hip of the sheep, the cross bar at the lower part of the weighing partition bar 411 is lower than the knee joint of the sheep, one end of the weighing partition bar 411 is close to the ingestion front bar 24, and the other end of the weighing partition bar exceeds the weighing box-shaped flat plate 412, so that a grid of the ingestion front bar 24 and the weighing box-shaped flat plate 412 are separated inside the rails, and when one sheep enters the partition bar for ingestion, other sheep cannot tread the weighing box-shaped flat plate 412; the input end of the weighing data conversion and transmission device 414 is connected with the output end of the weighing sensor 413, and the output end of the weighing data conversion and transmission device 414 is in communication connection with the data acquisition management machine 416; the radio frequency electromagnetic wave transceiver 22 is communicatively coupled to the data acquisition manager 416.
The optimization method of the feeding process of the barn-raised sheep by adopting the device is the same as that in the embodiment 1.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements should also be considered as within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A barn sheep feeding process optimization method based on Internet of things data acquisition is characterized in that a barn sheep feeding process optimization device based on Internet of things data acquisition is used, and the barn sheep feeding process optimization device comprises a barn sheep-feeding drinking water Internet of things data acquisition device, a barn sheep-feeding feed Internet of things data acquisition device, a barn sheep-feeding block Internet of things data acquisition device, a barn sheep weighing Internet of things data acquisition device, a barn temperature sensor and converter and an Internet of things data acquisition integrated computer;
the Internet of things data acquisition device for weighing the sheep raised in the shed comprises a feeding device, a radio frequency electromagnetic wave transceiver, an ear tag type transponder, a weighing partition fence, a weighing box-shaped flat plate, a weighing sensor, a sensor carrying beam, a weighing data conversion and transmission device and a data acquisition management machine, wherein the feeding device is arranged close to a sheep shed wall or a fence; the sensor carrying beam is a steel beam, two ends of the steel beam are fixedly arranged on wall bodies of two side walls of the sheep house dung ditch, the steel beam is horizontally positioned below the dung leaking plate, the weighing sensor is one or one group of pressure sensors, and the pressure sensors are arranged on the sensor carrying beam through a support; the corresponding positions of the dung leaking plates are provided with rectangular holes with the size slightly larger than that of the weighing box-shaped flat plate, the weighing box-shaped flat plate penetrates through the rectangular holes and is fixedly installed on the weighing sensor through a support, the weighing box-shaped flat plate is of a box-shaped structure formed by a rectangular flat bottom plate and vertical baffles above four sides of the rectangular flat bottom plate, and the upper surfaces of the rectangular flat bottom plate and the dung leaking plates of the weighing box-shaped flat plate are located on the same horizontal plane; the weighing barriers are a pair of parallel railings and are vertically arranged on the outer sides of two sides of the rectangular holes of the dung leaking plate, one end of each weighing barrier is close to a sheep pen wall or a fence of the feeding device, and the other end of each weighing barrier exceeds the weighing box-shaped flat plate; the installation height of the radio frequency electromagnetic wave transceiver is lower than the head position of the sheep when the sheep stands naturally, the electromagnetic wave emission direction of the radio frequency electromagnetic wave transceiver is right below the radio frequency electromagnetic wave transceiver, the radio frequency electromagnetic wave transceiver is in communication connection with the data acquisition manager, the input end of the weighing data conversion and transmission device is connected with the output end of the weighing sensor, and the output end of the weighing data conversion and transmission device is in communication connection with the data acquisition manager;
the drinking water data acquisition management machine of the colony house sheep-raising drinking water Internet of things data acquisition device, the ingestion data acquisition management machine of the colony house sheep-raising ingestion feed Internet of things data acquisition device, the licking brick data acquisition management machine of the colony house sheep licking brick Internet of things data acquisition device and the weighing data acquisition management machine of the colony house sheep weighing Internet of things data acquisition device are connected with the Internet of things data acquisition integrated computer through a local area network; the colony house temperature sensor and the converter are in communication connection with the Internet of things data acquisition integrated computer;
the method comprises the following steps:
s1) collecting and recording sheep diet behavior data and weighing data
The method comprises the following steps of continuously collecting and recording sheep eating behavior data by using a colony house sheep raising drinking water internet of things data collection device, a colony house sheep raising feed internet of things data collection device and a colony house sheep licking brick internet of things data collection device every day, and measuring and recording the temperature in the colony house by using a colony house temperature sensor and a converter every day;
continuously acquiring and recording the weight data of the sheep by using an internet-of-things data acquisition device for weighing the sheep in the shed every day;
performing itinerant inspection on all the sheep raised in the house every day, identifying, recording and isolating the sheep with abnormal health state, and continuously acquiring and recording data for preset days;
s2) importing sheep diet behavior data and weighing data
Introducing sheep drinking water, feed intake, licking blocks and weighing historical observation data into a data acquisition management machine of the colony house sheep feeding water and feed internet-of-things data acquisition device, a data acquisition management machine of the colony house sheep feeding and feed intake internet-of-things data acquisition device, a data acquisition management machine of the colony house sheep licking block internet-of-things data acquisition device and a weighing data acquisition management machine by using an internet-of-things data acquisition integrated computer, wherein the historical observation data comprises sheep ear tag number id, diet behavior B of each sheep during observation, start time TS and end time TE of each behavior and sheep weight G, and the diet behavior B is one of behaviors of sheep drinking water vs, feed intake cs and feed eating block tz;
screening the data one by one according to the serial number id of the sheep ear tag, transferring the data corresponding to the serial number id of the sheep ear tag with abnormal health state, which is found and isolated in the itinerant examination, to an abnormal database for storage, and simultaneously importing the corresponding temperature data WD in the colony house;
s3) importing or recording sheep basic situation data
Importing or recording the basic situation data of the sheep, including ear tag number id, birth time, variety, sex, classification, sheep hurdle number and sheep hurdle number;
the classification of the sheep comprises four categories of nursing lambs, fattening sheep, breeding ewes and breeding rams, wherein the nursing lambs are divided into a plurality of stages according to the age of days, the fattening sheep are divided into a plurality of stages according to the age of days, the breeding ewes are divided into four stages of a body maturation early stage, an empty pregnancy stage, a pregnancy stage and a lactation stage according to days, and the breeding rams are divided into three stages of a body maturation early stage, a hybridization stage and a non-hybridization stage according to days; all sheep can be classified into only 2M +2N +4+3 categories, i.e.:
a stage a of male nursing lambs, a 1, 2.... M; the female nursing lambs in the stage b, wherein the number of stages of the nursing lambs is M, and the number of stages of the nursing lambs is 1, 2;
a stage c of male fattening sheep, c ═ 1,2, ·.., N; the method comprises the following steps of (1), 2, N, wherein female fattening sheep in the d stage are divided into N stages according to the age of the fattening sheep;
breeding ewes in the early stage of body maturity, breeding ewes in the gestational and obstetrical period, breeding ewes in the lactation period and breeding ewes in the nonpregnant period;
stud ram in early stage of body maturity, stud ram in mating stage, stud ram in non-mating stage;
different types of sheep are housed in different groups;
s4) importing or recording feed feeding data
Importing or recording daily feed feeding and licking brick feeding data of each sheep pen number l, wherein the data comprises the following data: the feed feeding times Ntcl (l, k, date), the feed feeding time Ttcl (l, k, date), the feed feeding amount Qtcl (l, k, date) each time, the feed formula number Ptcl (l, k, date) of each feeding, the type Mtz (l, k, date) of the licking brick and the feeding time TMtz (l, k, date); wherein, L is a sheep hurdle number, and L is the total number of sheep hurdles; k is a category number, K1., K2M +2N +4+3 categories, date is the date;
s5) calculating the total consumption cost and the weight gain cost of sheep per unit
Extracting historical observation data of the starting time TS and the ending time TE corresponding to the eating behavior B according to the ear tag number id, calculating the drinking times Nys (id, K, date), the ingestion times Ncs (id, K, date) and the licking brick times Ntz (id, K, date) of sheep with each ear tag number id every day according to the date in the starting time TS, and calculating the total drinking time length of each ear tag number id every day
Total time Tcs (id, k, date) of feed intakeNcs (id,k,date) (TECS (id) -TScs (id), total licking block time Ttz (id, k, date) ∑ ΣNtz(id,k,date) (tetz (id) -tstz (id)); TSys (id) and teys (id) are the starting time of the water drinking of the sheep with the ear tag number idAnd the end time, the data comes from a data acquisition management machine of the colony-house sheep-raising drinking water Internet of things data acquisition device, TScs (id) and TECs (id) are the feed intake start time and the end time of the sheep with the ear tag number id, the data comes from the data acquisition management machine of the colony-house sheep feed intake Internet of things data acquisition device, TStz (id) and TEtz (id) are the feed intake start time and the end time of the sheep with the ear tag number id, and the data comes from the data acquisition management machine of the colony-house sheep licking brick Internet of things data acquisition device;
weighing data { id, date, G } of sheep introduced from the weighing data acquisition management machine is recorded as { G (id, t) }, t is date, and is recorded as delta G (id, t) ═ G (id, t) -G (id, t-1), wherein delta G (id, t) is the weight change amount of the sheep with the ear tag number id from the t-1 th day to the t-th day;
setting the class stage days of the class K as Tkt, wherein K is 1, a.k, K is 2M +2N +4+3, kt is one day in the class K stage days, kt is 1, a.t, Tkt, and the weight change of the sheep with the ear tag number id only in the class K stage Tkt days;
calculating the ear tag number id of the category k according to the sheep hurdle number l, wherein the accumulated time length ZTcs (k) sigma of the feed intake of the sheep in the category stage days Tktid∑ktTcs (id, k, kt), licking block cumulative duration zttz (k) Σid∑ktTtz (id, k, kt), cumulative drinking time ZTys (k) Σid∑ktTys (id, k, kt), wherein kt 1., Tkt, id 1., NT is the total number of sheep in the sheep pen numbered l;
calculating the feed charging accumulated amount ZQtcl (l, k) ═ Sigma in Tkt dayskt∑Ntcl(1，k，kt)Qtcl (l, k, kt), weighing or estimating the lick brick consumption ZMTz (l, k), estimating the drinking water consumption Zsys (l, k); calculating total feed cost Ctcl (l, k) ═ f (ZQtcl (l, k), Ptcl (l, k)), total lick block cost Ctz (l, k) ═ g (ZMtz (l, k), Mtz (l, k)), total drinking water cost Cys (l, k) ═ h (ZSys (l, k), wd (k)) of the sheep pen number l on the Tkt day of category k; wherein f (cndot.) represents a function of feed cost with respect to feed input and feed formulation, and g (cndot.) represents a function of lick brick cost with respect to lickThe function of brick consumption and licking brick type, h (·) represents the function of drinking water cost with respect to drinking water consumption and colony house temperature, WD (k) represents the average colony house temperature in Tkt days of category k, and when the colony house temperature is low, the drinking water needs to be electrically heated to ensure that the sheep drinking water is constant;
the three total costs are the total cost consumed by all sheep in the sheepcots in the Tkt days of the category k by the sheepcots number l, the cost consumed by each ear tag number id sheep is estimated according to the total time of feed intake, block licking and water drinking of each ear tag number id sheep, and the total cost consumed by the ear tag number id sheep is calculated
Thus, the cost R (id, k) ═ CC (id, k)/delta G (id, Tkt) of weight unit weight gain of each male or female suckling lamb in M category stages and male or female fattening lambs in N category stages is estimated; estimating the weight gain cost of the breeding ewes and the breeding rams in the early stage of body maturity, the fat protection cost of the breeding ewes in the gestational period, the lactation period and the non-pregnancy period, and the fat protection cost of the breeding rams in the mating period and the non-mating period;
s6) obtaining optimal feed feeding data of sheep
For each class phase K, K1.., K2M +2N +4+3, the id that minimizes R (id, K) is found in all class phases of the same K*(k) Then finding out the ear tag number id*(k) Corresponding sheepfold number l (k), finding out feed formula number Ptcl (l (k), k) and licking brick model number Mtz (l (k), k), finding out ear tag number id*(k) Daily drinking times Nys (id) of sheep*(k) K) and the time of onset of each drink TSys (id)*(k) And end time (id)*(k) Ncs (id) of daily intake of feed*(k) K) and the starting time of each feed intake TScs (id)*(k) And end time TECs (id)*(k) Ntz times of licking in the block (id)*(k) K) and the respective block start times TStz (id)*(k) And end time TEtz (id)*(k) Total time of drinking water)Tys(id*(k) K), total intake time Tcs (id)*(k) K), total lick block length Ttz (id)*(k)，k)；
Frequency Ncs (id) of daily intake of feed*(k) K) and the starting time of each feed intake TScs (id)*(k) Replacing the original feed feeding times Ntcl (l, k, date) and the feed feeding time Ttcl (l, k, date), wherein the feed feeding quantity Qtcl (l, k, date) of each time is estimated according to a unit weight gain feeding coefficient;
Q*tcl(l，k，date)＝ΔG(id，k，Tkt)·ρ/Ncs(id*(k) k)/Tkt, where ρ is the unit weight gain feed coefficient; the block licking time TMtz (l, k, date) is unchanged;
all the stages were treated as described above, and the number of feed formulations Ptcl (l: (a), a), lick block model Mtz (l: (a), a), and the feed feeding times Ntcl (l, a, date) was Ncs (id)*(a) A), a feed feeding time Ttcl (l, a, date) is TScs (id)*(a) And the feed feeding amount Q (l, a, date) is delta G (id, a, Tkt) rho/Ncs (id) each time*(a) a)/Tkt } constitutes a feeding method with the minimum weight unit weight gain cost of male nursing lambs and female nursing lambs, wherein a is 1,2*，1)，...，R(id*，a)，...，R(id*，M)}；
The feed is composed of { feed formula number Ptcl (l: (c), c), lick brick model Mtz (l: (c), c), feed feeding times Ntcl (l, c, date) ═ Ncs (id)*(c) C), feed feeding time Ttccl (l, c, date) is TScs (id)*(c) And the feed feeding amount Q (l, c, date) is delta G (id, c, Tkt) rho/Ncs (id) each time*(c) c)/Tkt constitutes a feeding method with the minimum weight gain cost per unit of the weight of male fattening sheep and female fattening sheep, wherein c is 1,2*，1)，...，R(id*，c)，...，R(id*N) }; and similarly, a feeding method with the lowest cost is made in four stages of the breeding ewes and three stages of the breeding rams.
2. The optimization method of the feeding process of the sheepfold based on the data acquisition of the Internet of things according to claim 1, wherein the weighing of the sheepfold in S1) comprises the following steps:
t1) the weighing sensor continuously outputs millivolt measuring signals in working state, the weighing data conversion and transmission device converts the measuring signals into weighing data d (k) according to the preset sampling period T and sends the weighing data d (k) to the data acquisition management machine;
when a sheep enters an area formed by the weighing barriers for drinking or eating, the front hoofs of the sheep step on the weighing box-shaped flat plate to trigger the weighing sensor to output a non-zero signal, and after the data acquisition management machine receives a non-zero weighing data sequence, the data acquisition management machine starts to calculate a moving average value g (K + K-1) ([ d (K) + d (K +1) +. + d. + K-1) ]/K according to a preset window periodicity K for the received weighing data { d (K), d (K +1), ].
After drinking or eating begins, the head of the sheep is positioned under the radio frequency electromagnetic wave transceiver, the ear tag type transponder arranged on the ear of the sheep is activated by the electromagnetic wave transmitted by the radio frequency electromagnetic wave transceiver, namely, an electromagnetic wave signal containing the serial number of the transponder is transmitted, the radio frequency electromagnetic wave transceiver receives the signal and then transmits the serial number data ID of the ear tag type transponder of the sheep to the data acquisition manager, and the data acquisition manager receives the serial number data ID of the ear tag type transponder of the sheep, associates the serial number data ID with the moving average value g (K + K-1) of the weighing data and records the serial number data ID, g (K + K-1));
t2) calculating the deviation E (K + K) between two adjacent moving averages corresponding to the numbered data ID as g (K + K) -g (K + K-1), and when the absolute value of E (K + K) is smaller than a preset value E, that is, | E (K + K) | is smaller than E, the data acquisition manager stores an array { ID, current time, g (K + K) } into a sheep weighing-only data log file;
t3), the data collection manager compares g (K + K) data corresponding to adjacent "current time" in the array { ID, current time, g (K + K) } having the same ID on the previous day and the current day, if a large deviation occurs and is greater than a preset upper limit, for example, | g (K1+ K) -g (K2+ K) | > MAX (g (K1+ K), g (K2+ K)) > 25%, the data collection manager issues a fault warning to prompt for field inspection; if no major deviation occurs, go to step T4);
t4), the data acquisition management machine arranges the data in the sheep weighing data log file of the previous day every day, extracts date data date from the current time in an array { ID, current time, G (K + K) } with the same ID, calculates the average value G of weighing data G (K + K), forms an array { ID, date, G } and stores the array { ID, date, G } in a sheep weighing database;
t5) the data acquisition management machine deletes the sheep weighing data log file before the preset retention time period in a rolling mode every day;
t6) back to step T1).
3. The optimization method of the feeding process of the barn sheep based on the data acquisition of the Internet of things is characterized in that:
in step T1), if the weighing data d (k) exhibit a non-zero value and then exhibit a zero value, these data are discarded until the non-zero weighing data again appear and are not used for calculating a moving average.
4. The optimization method of the feeding process of the barn sheep based on the data acquisition of the Internet of things is characterized in that: the weighing box-shaped flat plate of the internet-of-things data acquisition device for weighing the sheep in the shed has the outer width which is 1.2-1.5 times of the distance between the left hoof and the right hoof of the sheep when the sheep naturally stands, and the outer length which is 1.1-1.3 times of the distance between the front hoof and the rear hoof of the sheep when the sheep naturally stands; the height of the vertical baffle above the four edges of the box-shaped flat plate to be weighed is 2-5 cm, and the thickness of the vertical baffle is 0.3-2 cm.
5. The optimization method of the feeding process of the barn sheep based on the data acquisition of the Internet of things is characterized in that: the parallel interval of a pair of weighing barriers of the Internet of things data acquisition device for weighing sheep in the house is 1.1-1.3 times of the body width of the sheep, the weighing barriers are higher than the buttocks of the sheep, and the cross rods at the lower parts of the weighing barriers are lower than knee joints of the sheep.
6. The optimization method for the feeding process of the serted sheep based on the data acquisition of the Internet of things according to claim 1, 4 or 5, is characterized in that: the feeding device of the internet of things data acquisition device for weighing the sheep raised in the house is a sheep drinking bowl or a trough.
7. The optimization method of the feeding process of the barn sheep based on the data acquisition of the Internet of things is characterized in that: the Internet of things data acquisition integrated computer is a single computer, or is one of a data acquisition management machine of a colony-rearing sheep drinking water Internet of things data acquisition device, a data acquisition management machine of a colony-rearing sheep feed intake Internet of things data acquisition device, a data acquisition management machine of a colony-rearing sheep licking brick Internet of things data acquisition device, or a weighing data acquisition management machine of a barn sheep weighing Internet of things data acquisition device, or the same data acquisition and management machine which is commonly used by the data acquisition and management machine of the colony house sheep-raising drinking water Internet of things data acquisition device, the data acquisition and management machine of the colony house sheep-raising feed intake Internet of things data acquisition device, the data acquisition and management machine of the colony house sheep-raising licking brick Internet of things data acquisition device and the weighing data acquisition and management machine of the colony house sheep-raising weighing Internet of things data acquisition device.
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