CN109445023A - Doping-optimized ultra-low attenuation single-mode fiber - Google Patents
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
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Abstract
The invention relates to an optimized doped ultra-low attenuation single-mode fiber, which comprises a core layer and a cladding layer, wherein the cladding layer comprises an inner cladding layer, a sunken cladding layer and an outer cladding layer from inside to outside, and the fiber is characterized in that the core layer is a multi-element doped silica core layer, dopants comprise germanium, fluorine, alkali metal and phosphorus, wherein the contribution amount of germanium to the refractive index of the core layer is 0-0.2%, the contribution amount of fluorine to the refractive index of the core layer is-0.2% -0%, and the content of alkali metal is M11, so that the refractive index of the core layer is 0<M11 is less than or equal to 5000ppm and is distributed continuously, and the content of phosphorus is set as M12, then 0<M12 is not more than 1000ppm, and is distributed in the core layer continuously, and the relative refractive index difference of the core layer is △ n1-0.15% -0.2%, the radius R1 of the core layer is 3-7 μm. The invention adopts the alkali metal and the phosphorus to be codoped in the core layer and the inner cladding layer to form good viscosity matching, reduces the defects in the preparation process of the optical fiber, and reduces the axial stress of the optical fiber, thereby further reducing the attenuation parameter of the optical fiber, stabilizing the performance of the optical fiber and having longer service life.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of ultralow decaying single mode optical fibers of doping optimization, belong to optic communication transmission technique field.
Background technique
Optic communication has the characteristics that big transmission capacity, long transmission distance, transmission speed are fast, is widely used in long-distance dry
The light communication systems such as line, Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) and access net.In recent years, with the explosive growth of IP operation amount, communication network is just
It is strided forward to Successor-generation systems, constructs the basis that the fiber infrastructure with huge transmission capacity is next generation network.
There are mainly two types of now most hot novel single mode optical fiber products, first is that the G652 optical fiber of ultralow decaying, because it declines
It is low to subtract coefficient, compatible performance is good, becomes one of the representative of the following novel optical fiber, and another kind is the G654 optical fiber of large effective area,
Big effective area is able to suppress nonlinear effect when optical fiber transmission, to be more suitable for long range high capacity transmission system.
The attenuation coefficient of optical fiber is one of most important performance index index of optical fiber, largely determines that optical fiber is logical
The attenuation coefficient of the repeater span of letter, optical fiber is smaller, then its optical signal carried can transmission range it is remoter, and same
Under transmission range, the attenuated optical signal amplitude carried is just smaller, and reducing attenuation coefficient can effectively improve in fiber optic communication
Optical signal to noise ratio OSNR further increases the transmission range and transmission range of system.In the optical-fibre communications of long range, optical signal
It is that transmission is completed by relay station, if the attenuation coefficient of optical fiber is smaller, the distance between relay station can be remoter,
To the setting of significantly less relay station, operation cost can be greatly reduced.Therefore in fiber manufacturing, the decaying of optical fiber is reduced
Coefficient is that difficult point is also hot spot.
The existing technology for reducing attenuation coefficient is mainly by following several: the matching of 1 viscosity and matched coefficients of thermal expansion.Optimize light
Fine Section Design and material component improve viscosity matching and the thermal expansion coefficient of the sandwich layer and covering of optical fiber, it is possible to reduce wire drawing
Optical fiber attenuation caused by stress.2. reducing the concentration of sandwich layer dopant, the concentration of sandwich layer dopant Ge and F increase, it will increase
Auspicious drawing scattering loss caused by the fluctuation of concentration factor, such as generally use pure silicon core technology at present to manufacture ultralow attenuating fiber.
3. perhaps chlorine element alkali metal, alkaline-earth metal or chlorine element can reduce the temperature of glass for doped alkali metal, alkaline-earth metal
And virtual temperature reduces Rayleigh scattering loss caused by the density fluctuation factor conducive to the adjustment of glass network structure.
Attenuation in optical fiber is made of various aspects such as macrobending loss, microbending loss, infrared absorption, Rayleigh scatterings, with light
Loss in fibre is lower and lower, and the loss in 1550nm optical fiber has reached 0.165dB/km, or even has reached
Although 0.155dB/km hereinafter, Rayleigh scattering bring influence it is smaller, be intended in the case where further reducing attenuation,
Rayleigh scattering loss will be preferably minimized as far as possible.
Silica fibre attenuation alpha as caused by Rayleigh scatteringRIt can be calculated by following formula:
In formula, λ is wavelength (μm), and R is (dB/km/ μm of rayleigh scattering coefficient4), P is light intensity, when rayleigh scattering coefficient is true
Periodically, B is corresponding constant.Therefore important that rayleigh scattering coefficient R has been determined, so that it may to obtain as caused by Rayleigh scattering
Attenuation alphaR(dB/km).On the one hand rayleigh scattering coefficient is due to caused by density fluctuation, be on the other hand due to fluctuation of concentration
It is caused, therefore may be expressed as:
R=Rd+Rc...........................................(2)
Rd and Rc respectively represents the variation of the rayleigh scattering coefficient due to caused by density fluctuation and fluctuation of concentration in above formula,
Middle Rc is the fluctuation of concentration factor, as long as being influenced by fiber glass part doping concentration, theoretically using fewer Ge and
F or other doping, Rc is smaller, this is also the pure silicon core design that external certain enterprises use, and realizes the original of ultralow fade performance
Cause.
But we will be noted that in rayleigh scattering coefficient further include another parameter Rd, Rd and glass imagination
Temperature TFCorrelation, and change with the structure change of glass and temperature change.The fictive temperature of glass is characterization glass structure
A physical parameter, be defined as no longer adjusting the structure that glass is quickly cooled to room temperature glass from certain temperature T' and reach
The corresponding temperature of certain equilibrium state.Work as T' > TF (softening temperature of glass), since the viscosity of glass is smaller, glass structure is easy to
Adjustment, thus equilibrium state is in per glass in a flash, therefore TF=T'；When T'< Tg (conversion temperature of glass), due to glass
The viscosity of glass is larger, and glass structure is difficult to adjust, and the structural adjustment of glass lags behind temperature change, therefore TF > T'；As Tg < T'
< TF (softening temperature of glass), the time required for glass is intended to balance is more shorter, specifically with the component of glass and cold
But speed is related, therefore TF > T' or TF < T'.
In the substance of the network structure of adjustment glass, alkali metal, alkaline-earth metal belong to glass network modified body, can break
The viscosity of glass is effectively reduced in the silicon oxygen bond of bad glass, is widely used in common glass production, is good glass
Fluxing agent.It therefore, can be effective when introducing a small amount of alkali metal or alkaline earth oxide in the manufacturing process in prefabricated rods
The network structure for destroying quartz glass, reduces the viscosity of glass, can increase the viscous of fiber glass in optical fibre high temp drawing process
Property flowing, reduce annealing process in fiber glass the structural relaxation time so that the density of fiber glass tend to uniformly, reduction
Virtual temperature, to advantageously reduce the Rayleigh scattering loss as caused by density fluctuation.
Due to the special construction of glass, glass optical fiber is placed in hydrogeneous environment, because the defects of optical fiber and hydrogen occur
Reaction, the phenomenon that will appear additional attenuation on certain specific wavelengths.Optical fiber needs to have good resistant to hydrogen damage aging ability,
To ensure that optical fiber cable decaying in service life (25 years) is with good stability.
In patent CN106458696, using the method for thermal diffusion, alkali metal element is diffused into optical fiber, is obtained lower
The optical fiber of decaying.
Summary of the invention
The following are the definition and explanation of some terms involved in the present invention:
Ppm: millionth weight ratio.
Counted since the axis in optical fiber bosom, according to the variation of refractive index, be defined as be near that layer of axial ray
Outermost layer, that is, pure silicon dioxide layer of core layer, optical fiber is defined as optical fiber jacket.
Each layer relative fefractive index difference Δ ni of optical fiber is defined by following equation:
Wherein ni is the refractive index of fibre core, and nc is the refractive index of pure silicon dioxide.
The relative fefractive index difference contribution amount △ Ge of fiber core layer Ge doping is defined by following equation,
Wherein nGeTo assume that the Ge dopant of fibre core causes in being doped to the pure silicon dioxide without other dopants
The variable quantity of silica glass refractive index, wherein ncFor outermost cladding index, the i.e. refractive index of pure silicon dioxide.
The relative index of refraction contribution amount Δ F of fiber core layer and inner cladding F dopingiIt is defined by following equation,
Wherein nFFor the F dopant for assuming sandwich layer or inner cladding position, it is being doped to the pure dioxy without other dopants
In SiClx glass, cause the variable quantity of silica glass refractive index, wherein ncFor outermost cladding index, i.e., pure titanium dioxide
The refractive index of silicon.
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is intended to provide a kind of ultralow decaying single mode optical fiber of doping optimization, it not only declines
Lower, and performance is stablized, long service life.
The present invention be solve the problems, such as it is set forth above used by technical solution are as follows: including sandwich layer and covering, the packet
Layer includes inner cladding from inside to outside, sink covering and surrounding layer, it is characterised in that the sandwich layer is multi-element doping titanium dioxide
Silicon core layer, dopant include germanium, fluorine, alkali metal and phosphorus, wherein germanium is 0~0.2% to the refractive index contribution amount of sandwich layer, fluorine pair
The refractive index contribution amount of sandwich layer is -0.2%~0, and the content of alkali metal is set as M11, then 0 < M11≤5000ppm, and in continuous
Distribution, the content of phosphorus are set as M12, then 0 < M12≤1000ppm, are in the core in continuously distributed, the relative fefractive index difference of sandwich layer
△n1It is -0.15%~0.2%, core radius R1 is 3~7 μm.
According to the above scheme, the content of alkali metal is 0 < M11≤1000ppm in the sandwich layer.
According to the above scheme, the inner cladding is multi-element doping silica inner cladding, and dopant includes germanium, fluorine, alkali gold
Belonging to and phosphorus, wherein germanium is 0~0.1% to the refractive index contribution amount of inner cladding, fluorine is to the refractive index contribution amount of inner cladding-
0.5%~-0.01%, the content of alkali metal is set as M21, then 0 < M21≤1000ppm, and more excellent is 0 < M21≤500ppm, and is in
Continuously distributed, the content of phosphorus is set as M22, then 0 < M22≤300ppm, is in continuously distributed, the relative fefractive index difference △ n of inner cladding2
It is -0.5%~-0.04%, inner cladding diameter R2 is 6~17 μm.
According to the above scheme, phosphorus content is greater than or equal to phosphorus content, i.e. M12/M22 >=1 in inner cladding, sandwich layer in the sandwich layer
Middle alkali metal content is greater than or equal to alkali metal content, i.e. M11/M21 >=1 in inner cladding.
It according to the above scheme, include transition surrounding layer in the covering, the transition surrounding layer is located at the covering that sink
Between surrounding layer.
According to the above scheme, the alkali metal is one of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Ca or a variety of.
According to the above scheme, the phosphorus is P2O5, pass through POCl3Raw material introduces.
According to the above scheme, decaying of the optical fiber at 1550nm wavelength is less than or equal to 0.185dB/km, more excellent feelings
It is less than or equal to 0.170dB/km under condition, is less than or equal to 0.160dB/km in more excellent situation.
According to the above scheme, the optical fiber is in 70 DEG C, 0.01%H2(refer to H2In the mixed gas of He, H2Volumetric concentration
For 0.01% volume), middle reaction at least 16H (hour), optical fiber attenuation change value at 1550nm wavelength is less than or equal to
0.02dB/km is more preferably less than or equal to 0.005dB/km.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1, be co-doped with using alkali metal and phosphorus formd in sandwich layer and inner cladding it is good
Viscosity matching, reduces the defects of fiber preparation, reduces the axial stress of optical fiber, to further decrease optical fiber
Attenuation parameter.2, alkali-metal-doped can reduce the viscosity of glass, reduce the virtual temperature of optical fiber, to reduce declining for optical fiber
Subtract.3, phosphorus doping can not only reduce the viscosity of glass, to reduce the virtual temperature of optical fiber, while can reduce due to alkali
Decaying under metal-doped bring hydrogen treat increases, P2O5The movement of alkali metal ion can be limited, mutually limitation is played and makees
With, keep the decaying of optical fiber lower, and make optical fiber property stablize, have longer service life.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the distribution map adulterated in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the Refractive Index Profile of Optical schematic diagram of one embodiment of the invention 1.
Fig. 3 is the Refractive Index Profile of Optical schematic diagram of one embodiment of the invention 2.
Fig. 4, Fig. 5 are to be suitable for the invention other Refractive Index Profile of Optical schematic diagrames.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated with attached drawing with reference to embodiments.
In embodiment 1 and comparative example 1,2, single mode optical fiber of the invention includes sandwich layer and covering, core radius R1, core
Layer relative fefractive index difference is △ n1Sandwich layer successively coats inner cladding, the covering that sink, auxiliary surrounding layer and surrounding layer, institute from inside to outside
The inner cladding diameter stated encloses R2, and relative fefractive index difference is △ n2, the sagging cladding radius is R3, relative fefractive index difference △
n3, the transition surrounding layer radius is R4, and relative fefractive index difference is △ n4, the surrounding layer radius is R5, relative index of refraction
Difference is △ n5, outermost covering is pure silicon dioxide glassy layer.
Embodiment 1.
Fiber core layer includes germanium, fluorine, silica, alkali metal oxide and P2O5, wherein the content of alkali metal oxide be
100ppm, and be in continuously distributed, P2O5Content is 100ppm, in the core in continuously distributed.Close in the inner cladding of sandwich layer, packet
Germanic, fluorine, silica, alkali metal oxide, wherein alkali metal oxide (K2O content) is 5ppm, and in continuous point
Cloth, P2O5Content is 20ppm, in continuously distributed.The optical fiber decays to 0.155dB/km at 1550nm, optical fiber at 70 DEG C,
0.01%H2After middle reaction at least 16H, optical fiber is in 1550nm attenuation change value=0.004dB/km.
Comparative example 1
Fiber core layer includes germanium, fluorine, silica and P2O5, wherein P2O5Content is 100ppm, in the core in continuous equal
Even distribution.It include germanium, fluorine, silica, wherein P close in the inner cladding of sandwich layer2O5Content is 50ppm, and is in continuous uniform
Distribution.The optical fiber decays to 0.161dB/km at 1550nm, and optical fiber is at 70 DEG C, 0.01%H2After middle reaction at least 16H, light
Fibre is in 1550nm attenuation change value=0.004dB/km.
Comparative example 2
Fiber core layer includes germanium, fluorine, silica, alkali metal oxide, wherein alkali metal oxide (K2O peak value) contains
Amount is 100ppm, and in continuously distributed.Close in the inner cladding of sandwich layer, include germanium, fluorine, silica, alkali metal oxide,
Wherein alkali metal oxide (K2O average content) is 5ppm, and in continuously distributed.The optical fiber decays at 1550nm
0.158dB/km, optical fiber is at 70 DEG C, 0.01%H2After middle reaction at least 16H, optical fiber 1550nm attenuation change value=
0.01dB/km。
Comparative example 3
Fiber core layer includes germanium, fluorine, silica.It include germanium, fluorine, silica close in the inner cladding of sandwich layer.The light
Fibre decays to 0.17dB/km at 1550nm, and optical fiber is at 70 DEG C, 0.01%H2After middle reaction at least 16H, optical fiber is in 1550nm
Attenuation change value=0.005dB/km.
Embodiment 2
Optical fiber includes sandwich layer and covering, and fiber core layer radius R1 is 3.9 μm, and sandwich layer relative fefractive index difference Δ n1 is
0.01%, sandwich layer successively coats the first covering from inside to outside, sink inner cladding and surrounding layer, and the inner cladding diameter r2 is 9
μm, relative fefractive index difference be -0.27%, the sagging cladding radius r3 be 13.5 μm, relative fefractive index difference Δ n3 be -
0.47%, 62.5 μm of the surrounding layer radius, relative fefractive index difference is -0.31%.Alkali metal oxide contains in its center core layer
Amount is 100ppm, and is in continuously distributed, P2O5Content is 100ppm, in the core in continuously distributed.Close to the first packet of sandwich layer
It include germanium, fluorine, silica, alkali metal oxide, wherein alkali metal oxide (K in layer2O content) is 5ppm, and is in
It is continuously distributed, P2O5Content is 20ppm, in continuously distributed.The optical fiber decays to 0.159dB/km at 1550nm, and optical fiber is 70
DEG C, 0.01%H2After middle reaction at least 16H, optical fiber is in 1550nm attenuation change value=0.003dB/km.
The fibre profile and doping parameters of one embodiment of the present invention of table
| Serial number | Δ n1 [%] | P[ppm] | K[ppm] | R1[μm] | Δ n2 [%] | P[ppm] | K[ppm] | R2[μm] | Δ n3 [%] | R3[μm] | Δ n4 [%] | R4[μm] | Δ n5 [%] | R5[μm] |
| Embodiment 1 | 0 | 100 | 100 | 5 | -0.2 | 20 | 5 | 13 | -0.5 | 20 | -0.2 | 50 | 0 | 62.5 |
| Embodiment 2 | 0.01 | 100 | 100 | 3.9 | -0.27 | 20 | 5 | 9 | -0.47 | 13.5 | -0.31 | 62.5 | / | / |
| Comparative example 1 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 5 | -0.2 | 50 | 0 | 13 | -0.5 | 20 | -0.2 | 50 | 0 | 62.5 |
| Comparative example 2 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 5 | -0.2 | 0 | 5 | 13 | -0.5 | 20 | -0.25 | 50 | 0 | 62.5 |
| Comparative example 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | -0.2 | 0 | 0 | 13 | -0.5 | 20 | -0.25 | 50 | 0 | 62.5 |
The optical fiber parameter of two embodiment of the present invention of table
From table two, compared with comparative example, in Examples 1 and 2, P is added in the core2O5And alkali metal oxide, so that
The properties of optical fiber are all optimized, and decaying reduces, and decaying increase in a hydrogen atmosphere maintains lesser level.It is right
It joined P in the sandwich layer of optical fiber and inner cladding in ratio 12O5, so that the decaying of optical fiber reduces, but it is higher than light in embodiment 1
Fibre decaying, but attenuation increase in a hydrogen atmosphere is relatively low.It joined in the sandwich layer of optical fiber and inner cladding in comparative example 2
Alkali metal oxide reduces viscosity since alkali metal oxide has, reduces virtual temperature, improve the decaying of optical fiber, but alkali
The addition of metal oxide can make the decaying increase of optical fiber in a hydrogen atmosphere become larger.The tolerance of optical fiber in a hydrogen atmosphere
Related with the service life of optical fiber, tolerance performance is better, and the stability for representing optical fiber is better, and the service life is longer, more can guarantee that optical fiber makes
It will not should decay during and increase above setting value and scrap.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of adulterate the ultralow decaying single mode optical fiber optimized, including sandwich layer and covering, the covering include from inside to outside
Inner cladding, sink covering and surrounding layer, it is characterised in that the sandwich layer is multi-element doping silica sandwich layer, and dopant includes
Germanium, fluorine, alkali metal and phosphorus, wherein germanium is 0~0.2% to the refractive index contribution amount of sandwich layer, refractive index contribution amount of the fluorine to sandwich layer
It is -0.2%~0, the content of alkali metal is set as M11, then 0 < M11≤5000ppm, and in continuously distributed, the content of phosphorus is set as
M12, then 0 < M12≤1000ppm, is in continuously distributed, the relative fefractive index difference △ n of sandwich layer in the core1For -0.15%~
0.2%, core radius R1 are 3~7 μm.
2. the ultralow decaying single mode optical fiber of doping optimization according to claim 1, it is characterised in that alkali gold in the sandwich layer
The content of category is 0 < M11≤1000ppm.
3. the ultralow decaying single mode optical fiber of doping optimization as described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the inner cladding is
Multi-element doping silica inner cladding, dopant include germanium, fluorine, alkali metal and phosphorus, wherein germanium contributes the refractive index of inner cladding
Amount is 0~0.1%, and fluorine is -0.5%~-0.01% to the refractive index contribution amount of inner cladding, and the content of alkali metal is set as M21, then
0 < M21≤1000ppm, and in continuously distributed, the content of phosphorus is set as M22, then 0 < M22≤300ppm, is in continuously distributed, inner cladding
Relative fefractive index difference △ n2It is -0.5%~-0.04%, inner cladding diameter R2 is 6~17 μm.
4. the ultralow decaying single mode optical fiber of doping optimization according to claim 3, it is characterised in that phosphorus content in the sandwich layer
More than or equal to phosphorus content in inner cladding, i.e. M12/M22 >=1, alkali metal content is greater than or equal to alkali gold in inner cladding in sandwich layer
Belong to content, i.e. M11/M21 >=1.
5. the ultralow decaying single mode optical fiber of doping optimization as described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that wrapped in the covering
Transition surrounding layer is included, the transition surrounding layer, which is located at, to sink between covering and surrounding layer.
6. the ultralow decaying single mode optical fiber of doping optimization as described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the alkali metal is
One of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Ca or a variety of.
7. the ultralow decaying single mode optical fiber of doping optimization as described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the phosphorus is P2O5,
Pass through POCl3Raw material introduces.
8. the ultralow decaying single mode optical fiber of doping optimization as described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the optical fiber exists
Decaying at 1550nm wavelength is less than or equal to 0.185dB/km.
9. the ultralow decaying single mode optical fiber of doping optimization as described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the optical fiber is 70
DEG C, 0.01%H2At least 16H is reacted in volumetric concentration, optical fiber attenuation change value at 1550nm wavelength is less than or equal to
0.02dB/km。
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| CN111562648B (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2022-12-16 | 江苏永鼎光纤科技有限公司 | Large effective mode area low-loss optical fiber with optimized cladding components |
| CN112897872A (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2021-06-04 | 通鼎互联信息股份有限公司 | Manufacturing method of large mode field bending loss insensitive single mode fiber for access network |
| CN114512885A (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-05-17 | 长飞光纤光缆股份有限公司 | Rare earth-doped optical fiber with optimized back-to-bottom loss and preparation method thereof |
| CN114512885B (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2024-05-17 | 长飞光纤光缆股份有限公司 | Rare earth doped optical fiber with optimized back bottom loss and preparation method thereof |
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