CN109442888B - Drying system based on heat pump - Google Patents

Drying system based on heat pump Download PDF

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CN109442888B
CN109442888B CN201810187514.0A CN201810187514A CN109442888B CN 109442888 B CN109442888 B CN 109442888B CN 201810187514 A CN201810187514 A CN 201810187514A CN 109442888 B CN109442888 B CN 109442888B
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drying
air duct
sieve
chamber
mushroom
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CN109442888A (en
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吴继亮
胡秋生
吴世斌
毛正回
胡显军
叶尧平
胡芬芬
叶光云
刘敏
周一俊
吴铭
李中庆
吴珍琼
郑宁庆
魏家清
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Lishui Power Supply Co of State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co Ltd
Qingyuan Power Supply Co of State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co Ltd
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
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Lishui Power Supply Co of State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co Ltd
Qingyuan Power Supply Co of State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co Ltd
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26DRYING
    • F26BDRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B9/00Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards
    • F26B9/06Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards in stationary drums or chambers
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23NMACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING HARVESTED FRUIT, VEGETABLES OR FLOWER BULBS IN BULK, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PEELING VEGETABLES OR FRUIT IN BULK; APPARATUS FOR PREPARING ANIMAL FEEDING- STUFFS
    • A23N12/00Machines for cleaning, blanching, drying or roasting fruits or vegetables, e.g. coffee, cocoa, nuts
    • A23N12/08Machines for cleaning, blanching, drying or roasting fruits or vegetables, e.g. coffee, cocoa, nuts for drying or roasting
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26DRYING
    • F26BDRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00Arrangements for supplying or controlling air or other gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • F26B21/001Air generating units, e.g. movable or independent of drying enclosure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26DRYING
    • F26BDRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00Arrangements for supplying or controlling air or other gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • F26B21/20Circulating air or gases in closed cycles, e.g. wholly within the drying enclosure
    • F26B21/25Circulating air or gases in closed cycles, e.g. wholly within the drying enclosure partly outside the drying enclosure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26DRYING
    • F26BDRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B23/00Heating arrangements
    • F26B23/001Heating arrangements using waste heat
    • F26B23/002Heating arrangements using waste heat recovered from dryer exhaust gases
    • F26B23/005Heating arrangements using waste heat recovered from dryer exhaust gases using a closed cycle heat pump system ; using a heat pipe system
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26DRYING
    • F26BDRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B25/00Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
    • F26B25/06Chambers, containers, or receptacles
    • F26B25/08Parts thereof
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26DRYING
    • F26BDRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B25/00Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
    • F26B25/06Chambers, containers, or receptacles
    • F26B25/14Chambers, containers, receptacles of simple construction
    • F26B25/18Chambers, containers, receptacles of simple construction mainly open, e.g. dish, tray, pan, rack
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/85Food storage or conservation, e.g. cooling or drying

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于热泵的烘干系统,旨在提供一种不仅可以克服传统的香菇烘干木材消耗量大,还会污染环境的问题;而且可有效提高香菇在烘干过程中香菇盖缘的受热均匀性的问题的基于热泵的烘干系统。它包括烘房、热泵、设置在烘房内的烘干室及风道系统,风道系统包括主风道、回风道、连通主风道与回风道的回风口、控制回风口通断的回风阀、一端与回风道相连通的排风道、连通烘房室外与主风道的新风道及控制新风道通断的新风阀;热泵包括设置在主风道内的室内机;烘干室的内腔的底部设有烘干室进风口,烘干室的内腔的顶部设有烘干室出风口,烘干室的内腔内设有香菇烘干架。

Figure 201810187514

The invention discloses a drying system based on a heat pump, which aims to provide a drying system that can not only overcome the problems of large consumption of wood and pollute the environment in the traditional drying process of shiitake mushrooms; Heat-pump-based drying system with the problem of heating uniformity of the edge. It includes a drying room, a heat pump, a drying room set in the drying room, and an air duct system. The air duct system includes a main air duct, a return air duct, a return air outlet connecting the main air duct and the return air duct, and the control of the return air opening. A return air valve, an exhaust duct connected to the return air duct at one end, a new air duct connecting the outside of the drying room with the main air duct, and a fresh air valve that controls the opening and closing of the new air duct; the heat pump includes an indoor unit arranged in the main air duct; The bottom of the inner cavity of the drying room is provided with a drying room air inlet, the top of the inner cavity of the drying room is provided with a drying room air outlet, and the inner cavity of the drying room is provided with a mushroom drying rack.

Figure 201810187514

Description

基于热泵的烘干系统Heat pump based drying system

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及一种烘干设备,具体涉及一种基于热泵的烘干系统。The invention relates to a drying device, in particular to a drying system based on a heat pump.

背景技术Background technique

香菇为食用菌的一种,其味道鲜美、营养价值高而深受消费者喜爱。香菇采摘后应对香菇初加工后再对香菇进行包装、销售。香菇的初加工中最重要的工序就是烘干工序,香菇的烘干工序对香菇干的品质起着决定性的作用。Shiitake mushroom is a kind of edible fungus, which is loved by consumers because of its delicious taste and high nutritional value. After the shiitake mushrooms are picked, the shiitake mushrooms should be pre-processed and then packaged and sold. The most important process in the initial processing of shiitake mushrooms is the drying process. The drying process of shiitake mushrooms plays a decisive role in the quality of dried shiitake mushrooms.

传统的香菇烘干工序中,利用木材燃烧将气体加热到所需要的温度,再利用风扇或气泵将高温气体送入烘干室以对烘干室内的香菇进行加热,这种烘干方式存在木材消耗量大,提高了烘干成本,并且会污染环境等诸多不足。In the traditional mushroom drying process, wood combustion is used to heat the gas to the required temperature, and then a fan or an air pump is used to send the high-temperature gas into the drying room to heat the mushrooms in the drying room. This drying method involves wood. The consumption is large, which increases the drying cost and pollutes the environment.

为此,发明人在2016年发明了一种香菇烘干装置(中国专利申请号201621464225.3,公开日2017年8月8日,发明创造的名称为一种香菇烘干装置),该香菇烘干装置利用热泵提供热能,对香菇烘干,有效解决了传统的香菇烘干工序中存在的不足,但其仍旧存在以下不足:该香菇烘干装置的烘干室内的热气流呈水平方向流过香菇烘干架,这使得香菇在烘干过程中,香菇盖缘的受热不均,朝向进风侧的香菇盖缘受热往内翻卷量大,而背向进风侧的香菇盖缘受热往内翻卷量小,造成香菇干盖缘往内翻卷不均,香菇干的圆整性不佳,影响香菇干的品质。To this end, the inventor invented a mushroom drying device in 2016 (Chinese Patent Application No. 201621464225.3, published on August 8, 2017, the name of the invention is a mushroom drying device), the mushroom drying device Using the heat pump to provide heat energy to dry the shiitake mushrooms effectively solves the shortcomings in the traditional shiitake mushroom drying process, but it still has the following shortcomings: the hot air flow in the drying chamber of the shiitake mushroom drying device flows horizontally through the shiitake mushroom drying process. Drying rack, which makes the mushroom cover unevenly heated during the drying process. The mushroom cover edge facing the air inlet side is heated and rolled inward, while the mushroom cover edge facing away from the air inlet side is heated and rolled inward. Small, resulting in uneven rolling of the dried mushroom cover edge, poor roundness of dried mushrooms, affecting the quality of dried mushrooms.

发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

本发明的目的是为了提供一种不仅可以克服传统的香菇烘干木材消耗量大,烘干成本高,还会污染环境的问题;而且可有效提高香菇在烘干过程中香菇盖缘的受热均匀性,避免因香菇盖缘的受热不均,造成香菇干盖缘往内翻卷不均,影响香菇干的品质的问题的基于热泵的烘干系统。The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of problem that can not only overcome the traditional shiitake mushroom drying, the consumption of wood is large, the drying cost is high, but also the environmental pollution; and can effectively improve the uniform heating of the mushroom cover edge during the drying process It is a heat pump-based drying system that avoids the uneven heating of the lid edge of the mushroom, which causes the uneven turning of the lid edge of the dried mushroom, which affects the quality of the dried mushroom.

本发明的技术方案是:The technical scheme of the present invention is:

一种基于热泵的烘干系统,包括烘房、热泵、设置在烘房内的烘干室及风道系统,所述风道系统包括主风道、回风道、连通主风道与回风道的回风口、控制回风口通断的回风阀、一端与回风道相连通的排风道、连通烘房室外与主风道的新风道及控制新风道通断的新风阀;所述热泵包括外机及设置在主风道内的室内机;所述烘干室的内腔的底部设有与主风道相连通的烘干室进风口,烘干室的内腔的顶部设有与回风道相连通的烘干室出风口,烘干室的内腔内设有香菇烘干架,香菇烘干架包括若干自下而上依次分布的香菇烘干筛,且香菇烘干筛位于烘干室进风口与烘干室出风口之间。A drying system based on a heat pump, comprising a drying room, a heat pump, a drying room arranged in the drying room, and an air duct system, wherein the air duct system includes a main air duct, a return air duct, and a connection between the main air duct and the return air. The return air outlet of the duct, the return air valve controlling the opening and closing of the return air outlet, the exhaust air duct connected with the return air duct at one end, the new air duct connecting the outside of the drying room and the main air duct, and the fresh air valve controlling the opening and closing of the new air duct; The heat pump includes an outdoor unit and an indoor unit arranged in the main air duct; the bottom of the inner cavity of the drying chamber is provided with a drying chamber air inlet that is communicated with the main air duct, and the top of the inner cavity of the drying chamber is provided with an air inlet of the drying chamber. The air outlet of the drying chamber connected with the return air duct, the inner cavity of the drying chamber is provided with a mushroom drying rack, and the mushroom drying rack includes a number of mushroom drying screens distributed in sequence from bottom to top, and the mushroom drying screen is located in the Between the air inlet of the drying chamber and the air outlet of the drying chamber.

本方案的基于热泵的烘干系统利用热泵的外机用于向室内机提供热能,室内机在主风道内形成热气流进入烘干室内烘干香菇,其不需要使用木材,降低了香菇的烘干成本,并且在工作过程中不会污染环境。The heat pump-based drying system of this scheme utilizes the external unit of the heat pump to provide heat energy to the indoor unit. The indoor unit forms a hot air flow in the main air duct and enters the drying room to dry the mushrooms, which does not require the use of wood and reduces the drying time of the mushrooms. Dry cost, and will not pollute the environment during the work.

另一方面,主风道内的热气流通过烘干室进风口进入烘干室的内腔,由烘干室出风口排出,从而在烘干室的内腔内形成自下而上流动的热气流,而香菇烘干筛自下而上依次分布并位于烘干室进风口与烘干室出风口之间(香菇放置在香菇烘干筛上,且香菇的菇脚朝上),如此,在香菇在烘干过程中,香菇受自下而上流动的热气流烘干,香菇盖缘同时受热,且香菇盖缘受热均匀,香菇干盖缘往内翻卷均匀,香菇干的圆整性好,从而提高香菇干的品质。On the other hand, the hot air in the main air duct enters the inner cavity of the drying chamber through the air inlet of the drying chamber, and is discharged from the air outlet of the drying chamber, thereby forming a bottom-to-up hot air flow in the inner cavity of the drying chamber , and the mushroom drying sieves are distributed from bottom to top and located between the air inlet of the drying room and the air outlet of the drying room (the mushrooms are placed on the mushroom drying sieve, and the mushroom feet of the mushrooms are facing up). During the drying process, the shiitake mushrooms are dried by the hot air flowing from the bottom to the top, the lid edges of the shiitake mushrooms are heated at the same time, and the lid edges of the shiitake mushrooms are heated evenly, the lid edges of the dried shiitake mushrooms are evenly rolled inward, and the dried shiitake mushrooms have good roundness, thereby Improve the quality of dried shiitake mushrooms.

作为优选,还包括设置在烘房内的蒸发器室,蒸发器室上设有与烘房室外连通的通风口,所述外机位于蒸发器室内,所述排风道的另一端与蒸发器室连通。Preferably, it also includes an evaporator room arranged in the drying room, the evaporator room is provided with a ventilation port that communicates with the outside of the drying room, the external machine is located in the evaporator room, and the other end of the exhaust duct is connected to the evaporator. Room is connected.

本方案中烘干室出风口排出的热气流可以通过排风道进入外机所在的蒸发器室内,以进一步对热能进行回收利用。In this scheme, the hot air discharged from the air outlet of the drying room can enter the evaporator room where the outdoor machine is located through the air exhaust duct, so as to further recycle the heat energy.

作为优选,风道系统位于烘干室与蒸发器室之间,回风道与新风道位于室内机的上方,烘干室进风口位于室内机的下方。本方案结构可以提高烘房的结构紧凑性,减小烘房的体积。Preferably, the air duct system is located between the drying chamber and the evaporator chamber, the return air duct and the fresh air duct are located above the indoor unit, and the air inlet of the drying chamber is located below the indoor unit. The structure of the solution can improve the compactness of the drying room and reduce the volume of the drying room.

作为优选,香菇烘干架还包括若干与香菇烘干筛一一对应的烘干筛放置架,香菇烘干筛放置在对应的烘干筛放置架上,烘干筛放置架包括两块设置在烘干室的内腔的内侧面上的烘干筛支撑板,同一烘干筛放置架中:两块烘干筛支撑板位于烘干室的内腔的相对两内侧面上,且两块烘干筛支撑板位于同一高度。本方案结构便于香菇烘干筛的取放,便于实际操作。Preferably, the mushroom drying rack also includes a number of drying sieve placement racks corresponding to the mushroom drying sieves one-to-one, the mushroom drying sieves are placed on the corresponding drying sieve placement racks, and the drying sieve placement racks include two drying sieve placement racks. The drying sieve supporting plates on the inner side of the inner cavity of the drying chamber are placed in the same drying sieve rack: two drying sieve supporting plates are located on the opposite inner sides of the inner cavity of the drying chamber, and the two drying sieve supporting plates are located on the opposite inner sides of the inner cavity of the drying chamber. Dry sieve support plates are located at the same height. The structure of the scheme is convenient for taking and placing the shiitake mushroom drying sieve, and is convenient for practical operation.

作为优选,烘干筛支撑板水平设置。Preferably, the drying screen support plate is arranged horizontally.

作为优选,烘干筛放置架还包括一一对应的设置在烘干筛支撑板上的浮动式烘干筛放置定位机构,浮动式烘干筛放置定位机构包括设置在烘干筛支撑板上的竖直导杆、沿竖直导杆升降的烘干筛放置板、设置在竖直导杆的外侧面上并位于烘干筛放置板的下方的放置板限位块、设置在竖直导杆的下端的限位挡板及套设置在竖直导杆上并位于限位挡板与烘干筛放置板之间的复位弹簧,所述烘干筛放置板位于烘干筛支撑板的下方,当烘干筛放置板抵在放置板限位块上时:烘干筛放置板与烘干筛支撑板之间形成供气流流通的气流过道;所述香菇烘干筛放置在对应的烘干筛放置架的烘干筛放置板上。Preferably, the drying screen placing rack further includes a floating drying screen positioning mechanism arranged on the drying screen support plate in a one-to-one correspondence, and the floating drying screen positioning mechanism includes a floating drying screen positioning mechanism arranged on the drying screen support plate. A vertical guide rod, a drying screen placing plate raised and lowered along the vertical guide rod, a placing plate limit block arranged on the outer side of the vertical guide rod and located below the drying screen placing plate, and a placing plate limit block disposed on the vertical guide rod The limit baffle and the sleeve at the lower end of the drying sieve are set on the vertical guide rod and are located between the limit baffle and the drying sieve placing plate, the drying sieve placing plate is located below the drying sieve supporting plate, When the drying sieve placing plate abuts on the limiting block of the placing plate: an air passage for airflow is formed between the drying sieve placing plate and the drying sieve support plate; the mushroom drying sieve is placed on the corresponding drying sieve Place the drying sieve of the rack on the placement plate.

在实际操作过程中,鲜香菇放置在香菇烘干筛上后,鲜香菇几乎遮盖了香菇烘干筛的筛孔,这样一来就会产生如下问题:In the actual operation process, after the fresh shiitake mushrooms are placed on the shiitake drying sieve, the fresh shiitake mushrooms almost cover the sieve holes of the shiitake mushroom drying sieve, which will cause the following problems:

在香菇烘干初始阶段,由于鲜香菇遮盖了香菇烘干筛的筛孔,使得由烘干室进风口进入烘干室的内腔的热气流大量聚集在烘干室的底部,热气流难易顺利的往上流通;而在香菇烘干初始阶段,新鲜香菇的含水量高、湿度大,此阶段,最重要的是迅速排除香菇表面水分,同时又不能有太高的温度,过高的温度会影响香菇的烘干品质;如此,由于热气流难易顺利的往上流通,导致无法迅速排除香菇表面水分,同时,还严重降低了烘干室中上部的香菇的烘干效率;由于热气流大量聚集在烘干室的底部,还会造成烘干室底部的香菇在香菇烘干初始阶段的温度过高,而影响烘干室底部的香菇的烘干品质。In the initial stage of shiitake mushroom drying, because the fresh shiitake mushrooms cover the sieve holes of the shiitake mushroom drying sieve, the hot air entering the inner cavity of the drying chamber from the air inlet of the drying chamber is gathered at the bottom of the drying chamber, and the hot air flow is difficult and easy In the initial stage of drying mushrooms, fresh mushrooms have high water content and high humidity. At this stage, the most important thing is to quickly remove the surface moisture of mushrooms, and at the same time, the temperature should not be too high. It will affect the drying quality of shiitake mushrooms; in this way, due to the difficulty and smooth flow of hot air, the surface moisture of shiitake mushrooms cannot be quickly removed, and at the same time, the drying efficiency of shiitake mushrooms in the upper part of the drying room is seriously reduced; A large number of them gather at the bottom of the drying chamber, which will also cause the temperature of the shiitake mushrooms at the bottom of the drying chamber to be too high in the initial stage of drying the shiitake mushrooms, which will affect the drying quality of the shiitake mushrooms at the bottom of the drying chamber.

本方案针对上述问题对烘干筛放置架进行改进,设计了浮动式烘干筛放置定位机构,从而有效解决上述问题,同时,还不会影响香菇烘干后续阶段(香菇烘干保持阶段,香菇烘干催干、提香阶段)的香菇烘干效率与品质。In view of the above problems, this solution improves the drying screen placement rack, and designs a floating drying screen positioning mechanism, so as to effectively solve the above problems. Drying efficiency and quality of shiitake mushrooms during drying, urging drying and Titian stages).

作为优选,烘干筛放置板上设有与竖直导杆相配合的竖直导向孔,竖直导杆穿过对应的竖直导向孔。Preferably, vertical guide holes matched with the vertical guide rods are provided on the drying screen placing plate, and the vertical guide rods pass through the corresponding vertical guide holes.

作为优选,香菇烘干筛自下而上依次等距分布。Preferably, the shiitake drying sieves are distributed equidistantly from bottom to top.

作为优选,新风道穿过排风道。Preferably, the fresh air duct passes through the exhaust air duct.

本方案的新风道穿过排风道,这在热气流通过排风道的过程中还可以对新风道内空气进行加热,从而进一步对热能进行回收利用。The new air duct in this scheme passes through the exhaust duct, which can also heat the air in the new air duct during the process of hot air passing through the exhaust duct, thereby further recycling heat energy.

作为优选,风道系统还包括用于控制排风道通断的排风阀。Preferably, the air duct system further includes an air exhaust valve for controlling the opening and closing of the air exhaust duct.

作为优选,还包括电辅热装置,电辅热装置设置在主风道内,且电辅热装置位于室内机与烘干室进风口之间。电辅热装置可以在气候温度较低的情况下(例如冬季)辅助室内机,在主风道内形成热气流,提高烘干效率。Preferably, an electric auxiliary heating device is also included, the electric auxiliary heating device is arranged in the main air duct, and the electric auxiliary heating device is located between the indoor unit and the air inlet of the drying room. The electric auxiliary heating device can assist the indoor unit in the case of low climate temperature (such as winter), form a hot air flow in the main air duct, and improve the drying efficiency.

作为优选,烘干室的一侧设有供香菇烘干筛出入的烘干室门。Preferably, one side of the drying chamber is provided with a drying chamber door for the mushroom drying screen to enter and exit.

本发明的有益效果是:不仅可以克服传统的香菇烘干木材消耗量大,烘干成本高,还会污染环境的问题;而且可有效提高香菇在烘干过程中香菇盖缘的受热均匀性,香菇干盖缘往内翻卷均匀,香菇干的圆整性好,从而提高香菇干的品质,避免因香菇盖缘的受热不均,造成香菇干盖缘往内翻卷不均,影响香菇干的品质的问题。The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: not only can the traditional shiitake mushroom drying consume large amount of wood, the drying cost is high, but also the problems of environmental pollution can be overcome; and the heating uniformity of the shiitake mushroom cover edge during the drying process can be effectively improved, The dried shiitake mushrooms can be rolled evenly inward and the roundness of the dried shiitake mushrooms is good, thereby improving the quality of the dried shiitake mushrooms and avoiding the uneven heating of the lids of the shiitake mushrooms. The problem.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是本发明的实施例1的基于热泵的烘干系统的一种结构示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a drying system based on a heat pump according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

图2是图1中A-A处的一种剖面结构示意图。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure at A-A in FIG. 1 .

图3是本发明的实施例2的烘干室在工作过程中的一种结构示意图。FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the drying chamber in the working process of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

图4是图3中B处的一种局部放大图。FIG. 4 is a partial enlarged view of B in FIG. 3 .

图中:In the picture:

烘干室1,烘干室进风口1.1,烘干室出风口1.2,烘干室门1.3;Drying room 1, drying room air inlet 1.1, drying room air outlet 1.2, drying room door 1.3;

香菇烘干筛2;Mushroom drying sieve 2;

烘干筛放置架3,烘干筛支撑板3.1,浮动式烘干筛放置定位机构3.2,竖直导杆3.2.1,烘干筛放置板3.2.2,放置板限位块3.2.3,复位弹簧3.2.4,限位挡板3.2.5;Drying screen placing rack 3, drying screen supporting plate 3.1, floating drying screen positioning mechanism 3.2, vertical guide rod 3.2.1, drying screen placing plate 3.2.2, placing plate limit block 3.2.3, Return spring 3.2.4, limit stopper 3.2.5;

烘房内风道系统4,主风道4.1,回风道4.2,排风道4.3,新风道4.4,回风阀4.5,新风阀4.6,排风阀4.7;Air duct system 4 in the drying room, main air duct 4.1, return air duct 4.2, exhaust air duct 4.3, fresh air duct 4.4, return air valve 4.5, fresh air valve 4.6, exhaust air valve 4.7;

蒸发器室5;evaporator chamber 5;

外机6.1,室内机6.2;Outdoor unit 6.1, indoor unit 6.2;

电辅热装置7;Electric auxiliary heating device 7;

气流过道8。Airflow aisle 8.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面结合附图与具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细描述:The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:

实施例1:如图1、图2所示,一种基于热泵的烘干系统,包括烘房、热泵、电辅热装置7、设置在烘房内的烘干室1、设置在烘房内风道系统4及设置在烘房内的蒸发器室5。Embodiment 1: As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, a drying system based on a heat pump includes a drying room, a heat pump, an electric auxiliary heating device 7, a drying room 1 arranged in the drying room, and a drying room arranged in the drying room. The air duct system 4 and the evaporator chamber 5 arranged in the drying room.

风道系统位于烘干室与蒸发器室之间。风道系统包括主风道4.1、回风道4.2、连通主风道与回风道的回风口、控制回风口通断的回风阀4.5、一端与回风道相连通的排风道4.3、用于控制排风道通断的排风阀4.7、连通烘房室外与主风道的新风道4.4及控制新风道通断的新风阀4.6。新风道穿过排风道。排风道的另一端与蒸发器室连通。主风道呈上下延伸。回风道靠近烘房的顶部。排风道靠近烘房的顶部。The air duct system is located between the drying chamber and the evaporator chamber. The air duct system includes a main air duct 4.1, a return air duct 4.2, a return air outlet connecting the main air duct and the return air duct, a return air valve 4.5 for controlling the opening and closing of the return air outlet, and an exhaust duct 4.3 connected to the return air duct at one end, The exhaust valve 4.7 for controlling the on-off of the exhaust duct, the new air duct 4.4 for connecting the outside of the drying room and the main air duct, and the fresh air valve 4.6 for controlling the on-off of the new air duct. The new air duct passes through the exhaust duct. The other end of the exhaust duct communicates with the evaporator chamber. The main air duct extends up and down. The return air duct is near the top of the oven. The exhaust duct is near the top of the oven.

热泵包括外机6.1及设置在主风道内的室内机6.2。回风道与新风道位于室内机的上方。烘干室进风口位于室内机的下方。The heat pump includes an outdoor unit 6.1 and an indoor unit 6.2 arranged in the main air duct. The return air duct and the fresh air duct are located above the indoor unit. The air inlet of the drying chamber is located below the indoor unit.

电辅热装置为电加热器,例如电热丝或电热棒等。电辅热装置设置在主风道内,且电辅热装置位于室内机与烘干室进风口之间。The electric auxiliary heating device is an electric heater, such as electric heating wire or electric heating rod. The electric auxiliary heating device is arranged in the main air duct, and the electric auxiliary heating device is located between the indoor unit and the air inlet of the drying room.

蒸发器室上设有与烘房室外连通的通风口。外机位于蒸发器室内。The evaporator room is provided with a ventilation port which communicates with the outside of the drying room. The outdoor unit is located in the evaporator room.

烘干室的内腔的底部设有与主风道相连通的烘干室进风口1.1。烘干室的内腔的顶部设有与回风道相连通的烘干室出风口1.2。烘干室的内腔内设有香菇烘干架。The bottom of the inner cavity of the drying chamber is provided with a drying chamber air inlet 1.1 which is communicated with the main air duct. The top of the inner cavity of the drying chamber is provided with an air outlet 1.2 of the drying chamber which is communicated with the return air duct. A mushroom drying rack is arranged in the inner cavity of the drying chamber.

香菇烘干架包括若干自下而上依次等距分布的香菇烘干筛2及与香菇烘干筛一一对应的烘干筛放置架3。烘干室的一侧设有供香菇烘干筛出入的烘干室门1.3。香菇烘干筛水平设置。香菇烘干筛放置在对应的烘干筛放置架上。香菇烘干筛位于烘干室进风口与烘干室出风口之间。The shiitake mushroom drying rack includes a plurality of shiitake mushroom drying sieves 2 equidistantly distributed in sequence from bottom to top, and a drying sieve placing rack 3 corresponding to the shiitake mushroom drying sieves one-to-one. One side of the drying chamber is provided with a drying chamber door 1.3 for entering and exiting the mushroom drying screen. Mushroom drying sieve level setting. The mushroom drying sieve is placed on the corresponding drying sieve rack. The mushroom drying screen is located between the air inlet of the drying chamber and the air outlet of the drying chamber.

烘干筛放置架包括两块设置在烘干室的内腔的内侧面上的烘干筛支撑板3.1。烘干筛支撑板水平设置。同一烘干筛放置架中:两块烘干筛支撑板位于烘干室的内腔的相对两内侧面上,且两块烘干筛支撑板位于同一高度。本实施例中:香菇烘干筛放置在对应的烘干筛放置架的两块烘干筛支撑板上。The drying screen placing rack includes two drying screen supporting plates 3.1 arranged on the inner side of the inner cavity of the drying chamber. The drying screen support plate is set horizontally. In the same drying sieve rack: two drying sieve support plates are located on the opposite inner sides of the inner cavity of the drying chamber, and the two drying sieve support plates are located at the same height. In this embodiment, the mushroom drying sieve is placed on the two drying sieve support plates of the corresponding drying sieve placement rack.

本实施例的基于热泵的烘干系统的具体应用如下:The specific application of the drying system based on the heat pump of the present embodiment is as follows:

第一,将鲜香菇均匀放置在香菇烘干筛上,且放置在香菇烘干筛上的香菇的菇脚朝上;First, place the fresh shiitake mushrooms evenly on the shiitake mushroom drying sieve, and the mushroom feet of the shiitake mushrooms placed on the shiitake mushroom drying sieve face upwards;

将放置好鲜香菇的香菇烘干筛放置在对应的烘干筛放置架的烘干筛支撑板上;Place the shiitake drying sieve on which the fresh shiitake mushrooms are placed on the drying sieve support plate of the corresponding drying sieve placement rack;

第二,关闭烘干室门,开启热泵,进行烘干,香菇烘干依次包括以下阶段;Second, close the door of the drying chamber, turn on the heat pump, and dry the mushrooms. The drying of shiitake mushrooms includes the following stages in turn;

香菇烘干初始阶段:The initial stage of mushroom drying:

该阶段中由于新鲜香菇的含水量高、湿度大,此时,最重要的是迅速排除香菇表面水分同时又不能有太高的温度;因而在香菇烘干初始阶段:回风阀关闭,排风阀与新风阀全开;In this stage, due to the high water content and high humidity of fresh shiitake mushrooms, at this time, the most important thing is to quickly remove the moisture on the surface of shiitake mushrooms without having too high temperature; therefore, in the initial stage of shiitake mushroom drying: the return air valve is closed and the air is exhausted. The valve and the fresh air valve are fully open;

室内机工作在主风道内形成热气流并通过烘干室进风口进入烘干室的内腔,热气流进入烘干室内在烘干室内形成自下而上流动的热气流,然后由烘干室出风口排出,并通过回风道、排风道排入蒸发器室内;同时,外界的空气通过新风道进入主风道内;The indoor unit works in the main air duct to form a hot air flow and enters the inner cavity of the drying chamber through the air inlet of the drying chamber. The air is discharged from the air outlet, and is discharged into the evaporator room through the return air duct and the exhaust air duct; at the same time, the outside air enters the main air duct through the new air duct;

在这个过程中:热气流通过排风道的过程中还可以对新风道内空气进行加热,从而对热能进行一次回收利用;热气流进入外机所在的蒸发器室内,从而对热能进行二次回收利用,使能耗损失大大减少。In this process: the hot air can also heat the air in the new air duct during the process of passing through the exhaust duct, so as to recycle the heat energy once; , so that the energy loss is greatly reduced.

香菇烘干保持阶段:Drying and holding stage of shiitake mushrooms:

该阶段中由于香菇已经加热一段时间,香菇水分有所下降,应当提高烘干的温度、减少排出的气流;因而在香菇烘干保持阶段中:回风阀部分打开,排风阀与新风阀部分打开;In this stage, since the mushrooms have been heated for a period of time, the moisture of the mushrooms has decreased, so the drying temperature should be increased and the exhaust air flow should be reduced; therefore, in the drying and maintenance stage of the mushrooms: the return air valve is partially opened, and the exhaust valve and the fresh air valve are partially open. Open;

由烘干室出风口排出的热气流中,一部分热气流通过回风道进入主风道内进行循环使用;另一部分热气流通过回风道、排风道排入蒸发器室内;同时,减小通过新风道进入主风道内的外界空气;从而提高烘干的温度、减少排出的气流,减小热量损耗。In the hot air discharged from the air outlet of the drying room, a part of the hot air enters the main air duct through the return air duct for recycling; the other part of the hot air is discharged into the evaporator room through the return air duct and the exhaust air duct; The new air duct enters the outside air in the main air duct; thereby increasing the drying temperature, reducing the exhaust air flow and reducing heat loss.

同样的,在这个过程中:热气流通过排风道的过程中还可以对新风道内空气进行加热,从而对热能进行一次回收利用;热气流进入外机所在的蒸发器室内,从而对热能进行二次回收利用,使能耗损失大大减少。Similarly, in this process: the hot air can also heat the air in the new air duct during the process of passing through the exhaust duct, so as to recycle the heat energy once; Recycling and reuse greatly reduces energy loss.

香菇烘干催干、提香阶段:Mushroom drying, drying, Titian stage:

该阶段是香菇烘干的最后阶段,由于香菇湿度已经接近干燥要求,香菇水分已经较少,为了促使香菇内部香味素分解,香菇烘干必须达到较高的温度;因而香菇烘干催干、提香阶段中:回风阀全开,排风阀与新风阀关闭;This stage is the final stage of drying the mushrooms. Since the humidity of the mushrooms is close to the drying requirements, the moisture of the mushrooms is already low. In order to promote the decomposition of the fragrance elements in the mushrooms, the drying of the mushrooms must reach a higher temperature; In the fragrance stage: the return air valve is fully opened, and the exhaust air valve and the fresh air valve are closed;

由烘干室出风口排出的热气流全部通过回风道进入主风道内进行循环使用,气流循环利用不向外排出,大大减少了烘干装置的热量损失,提升了香菇品质。All the hot air discharged from the air outlet of the drying room enters the main air duct through the return air duct for recycling, and the air circulation is not discharged to the outside, which greatly reduces the heat loss of the drying device and improves the quality of shiitake mushrooms.

更重要的是,本实施例中的香菇烘干的各阶段中;香菇受自下而上流动的热气流烘干,香菇盖缘同时受热,且香菇盖缘受热均匀,如此香菇干盖缘往内翻卷均匀,香菇干的圆整性好,从而提高香菇干的品质。More importantly, in each stage of drying the mushrooms in this embodiment; the mushrooms are dried by the hot air flowing from bottom to top, the lid edges of the mushrooms are heated at the same time, and the lid edges of the mushrooms are heated evenly, so that the dried lid edges of the mushrooms are The inversion is evenly rolled, and the roundness of the dried shiitake mushrooms is good, thereby improving the quality of the dried shiitake mushrooms.

实施例2:本实施例的其余结构参照实施例1,其不同之处在于:Embodiment 2: The remaining structures of this embodiment refer to Embodiment 1, and the differences are:

如图3、图4所示,烘干筛放置架还包括一一对应的设置在烘干筛支撑板上的浮动式烘干筛放置定位机构3.2。As shown in Figures 3 and 4, the drying screen placing rack further includes a floating drying screen positioning mechanism 3.2 which is arranged on the drying screen support plate in a one-to-one correspondence.

浮动式烘干筛放置定位机构包括设置在烘干筛支撑板上的竖直导杆3.2.1、沿竖直导杆升降的烘干筛放置板3.2.2、设置在竖直导杆的外侧面上并位于烘干筛放置板的下方的放置板限位块3.2.3、设置在竖直导杆的下端的限位挡板3.2.5及套设置在竖直导杆上并位于限位挡板与烘干筛放置板之间的复位弹簧3.2.4。本实施例中,同一浮动式烘干筛放置定位机构的竖直导杆为两根。烘干筛放置板上设有与竖直导杆相配合的竖直导向孔,竖直导杆穿过对应的竖直导向孔。The floating drying screen placement and positioning mechanism includes a vertical guide rod 3.2.1 arranged on the drying screen support plate, a drying screen placement plate 3.2.2 that rises and falls along the vertical guide rod, and is disposed outside the vertical guide rod. The placing plate limit block 3.2.3 on the side and below the drying screen placing plate, the limit baffle 3.2.5 set at the lower end of the vertical guide rod and the sleeve are set on the vertical guide rod and located at the limit Return spring 3.2.4 between the baffle plate and the drying screen placement plate. In this embodiment, there are two vertical guide rods of the same floating drying screen placement and positioning mechanism. The drying screen placing plate is provided with vertical guide holes matched with the vertical guide rods, and the vertical guide rods pass through the corresponding vertical guide holes.

烘干筛放置板位于烘干筛支撑板的下方。烘干筛放置板与烘干筛支撑板相平行。The drying screen placing plate is located below the drying screen supporting plate. The drying screen placing plate is parallel to the drying screen supporting plate.

如图4所示,当烘干筛放置板抵在放置板限位块上时:烘干筛放置板与烘干筛支撑板之间形成供气流流通的气流过道8。As shown in FIG. 4 , when the drying sieve placing plate is against the limiting block of the placing plate, an airflow passage 8 for air flow is formed between the drying sieve placing plate and the drying sieve supporting plate.

本实施例中:香菇烘干筛放置在对应的烘干筛放置架的烘干筛放置板上。In this embodiment, the mushroom drying sieve is placed on the drying sieve placing plate of the corresponding drying sieve placing rack.

如图3、图4所示,当放置好鲜香菇的香菇烘干筛放置在对应的烘干筛放置架的烘干筛放置板上后,由于鲜香菇的重量大,此时香菇烘干筛将克服复位弹簧的弹力,使烘干筛放置板沿竖直导杆下行,直至烘干筛放置抵在放置板限位块上为止。As shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, when the shiitake drying sieve for placing the fresh shiitake mushrooms is placed on the drying sieve placement plate of the corresponding drying sieve placement rack, because the weight of the fresh shiitake is large, the shiitake mushroom drying sieve is at this time. Overcoming the elastic force of the return spring, the drying screen placing plate will go down along the vertical guide rod until the drying screen is placed against the limit block of the placing plate.

当烘干筛放置板抵在放置板限位块上后,烘干筛放置板与烘干筛支撑板之间形成供气流流通的气流过道;如此,在香菇烘干初始阶段:由烘干室进风口进入烘干室的内腔底部的热气流,将可以通过烘干筛放置板与烘干筛支撑板之间形成的气流过道自下而上的流通,保证香菇烘干初始阶段,香菇表面水分能够被热气流顺利带走;从而避免出现在香菇烘干初始阶段:由于热气流难易顺利的往上流通,导致无法迅速排除香菇表面水分,还严重降低了烘干室中上部的香菇的烘干效率的问题;以及由于热气流大量聚集在烘干室的底部,造成烘干室底部的香菇在香菇烘干初始阶段的温度过高,而影响烘干室底部的香菇的烘干品质的问题。When the placing plate of the drying sieve abuts on the limiting block of the placing plate, an air passage for air circulation is formed between the placing plate of the drying sieve and the supporting plate of the drying sieve; in this way, in the initial stage of mushroom drying: from the drying room The hot air from the air inlet into the bottom of the inner cavity of the drying chamber will circulate from bottom to top through the airflow channel formed between the drying screen placing plate and the drying screen support plate, ensuring that the mushrooms are dried in the initial stage, and the surface of the mushrooms is The moisture can be smoothly taken away by the hot air; thus avoiding the initial stage of drying the mushrooms: because the hot air is difficult and smooth to circulate upwards, it is impossible to quickly remove the surface moisture of the mushrooms, and it also seriously reduces the dryness of the mushrooms in the upper part of the drying room. The problem of drying efficiency; and because a large number of hot air flows at the bottom of the drying chamber, the temperature of the mushrooms at the bottom of the drying chamber is too high in the initial stage of drying the mushrooms, which affects the drying quality of the mushrooms at the bottom of the drying chamber. question.

在香菇烘干一段时间后,香菇水分下降,香菇重量减小,此时,在复位弹簧的作用下,烘干筛放置板沿竖直导杆上行,直至烘干筛放置抵在烘干筛支撑板的下表面上为止。After the shiitake mushrooms are dried for a period of time, the moisture of the shiitake mushrooms decreases and the weight of the shiitake mushrooms decreases. At this time, under the action of the return spring, the drying screen placing plate moves up the vertical guide rod until the drying screen is placed against the drying screen support. up to the lower surface of the board.

当烘干筛放置抵在烘干筛支撑板的下表面上后,烘干筛放置板与烘干筛支撑板之间的气流过道关闭;而此时,由于香菇烘干筛上的香菇盖缘发生一定量的往内翻卷收缩,使香菇烘干筛上的香菇之间出现间隙,香菇烘干筛的部分筛孔打开,热气流可以通过香菇烘干筛的筛孔直接自下而上的流通,不会影响香菇烘干后续阶段的烘干效率与品质,从而保证香菇烘干后续阶段(香菇烘干保持阶段,香菇烘干催干、提香阶段)的香菇烘干效率与品质。When the drying sieve is placed against the lower surface of the drying sieve support plate, the airflow passage between the drying sieve placing plate and the drying sieve support plate is closed; A certain amount of inward rolling and shrinkage occurs, so that there is a gap between the mushrooms on the mushroom drying sieve. Part of the sieve holes of the mushroom drying sieve are opened, and the hot air can flow directly from the bottom to the top through the sieve holes of the mushroom drying sieve. , will not affect the drying efficiency and quality of the subsequent stages of shiitake drying, thereby ensuring the drying efficiency and quality of the shiitake mushrooms in the subsequent stages of drying (maintenance stage of drying of mushrooms, drying of dried mushrooms, and stages of incense enhancement).

Claims (6)

1. A drying system based on a heat pump is characterized by comprising a drying room, the heat pump, a drying room arranged in the drying room and an air duct system,
the air duct system comprises a main air duct, an air return port communicated with the main air duct and the air return duct, an air return valve for controlling the on-off of the air return port, an exhaust duct with one end communicated with the air return duct, a fresh air duct communicated with the outside of the drying room and the main air duct and a fresh air valve for controlling the on-off of the fresh air duct;
the heat pump comprises an outdoor unit and an indoor unit arranged in the main air duct;
the bottom of the inner cavity of the drying chamber is provided with a drying chamber air inlet communicated with the main air duct, the top of the inner cavity of the drying chamber is provided with a drying chamber air outlet communicated with the return air duct, a mushroom drying rack is arranged in the inner cavity of the drying chamber, the mushroom drying rack comprises a plurality of mushroom drying sieves which are sequentially distributed from bottom to top, and the mushroom drying sieves are positioned between the drying chamber air inlet and the drying chamber air outlet;
the mushroom is dried and is put up still includes a plurality of and mushroom drying sieve one-to-one's drying sieve rack, and mushroom drying sieve places on the drying sieve rack that corresponds, and drying sieve rack includes two drying sieve backup pads that set up on the medial surface of the inner chamber of drying chamber, in same drying sieve rack: the two drying screen supporting plates are positioned on two opposite inner side surfaces of an inner cavity of the drying chamber and are positioned at the same height;
the drying sieve placing frame also comprises a floating type drying sieve placing and positioning mechanism which is arranged on the drying sieve supporting plate in a one-to-one correspondence manner, the floating type drying sieve placing and positioning mechanism comprises a vertical guide rod arranged on the drying sieve supporting plate, a drying sieve placing plate which can be lifted along the vertical guide rod, a placing plate limiting block which is arranged on the outer side surface of the vertical guide rod and is positioned below the drying sieve placing plate, a limiting baffle plate arranged at the lower end of the vertical guide rod, and a return spring which is sleeved on the vertical guide rod and is positioned between the limiting baffle plate and the drying sieve placing plate, the drying sieve placing plate is positioned below the drying sieve supporting plate,
when the drying screen is placed the board and is supported on placing the board stopper: an airflow passage for air circulation is formed between the drying sieve placing plate and the drying sieve supporting plate;
the mushroom drying sieve is placed on the drying sieve placing plate of the corresponding drying sieve placing frame;
the drying screen placing plate is provided with vertical guide holes matched with the vertical guide rods, and the vertical guide rods penetrate through the corresponding vertical guide holes.
2. The heat pump-based drying system as claimed in claim 1, further comprising an evaporator chamber disposed in the drying room, wherein the evaporator chamber is provided with a vent communicated with an outside of the drying room, the external unit is disposed in the evaporator chamber, and the other end of the exhaust duct is communicated with the evaporator chamber.
3. The heat pump-based drying system of claim 2, wherein the air duct system is located between the drying chamber and the evaporator chamber, the return air duct and the fresh air duct are located above the indoor unit, and the drying chamber inlet is located below the indoor unit.
4. The heat pump-based drying system according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the fresh air duct passes through an exhaust duct.
5. The heat pump-based drying system as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the air duct system further comprises an exhaust valve for controlling the on-off of the exhaust duct.
6. The heat pump-based drying system according to claim 1, 2 or 3, further comprising an electric auxiliary heating device, wherein the electric auxiliary heating device is disposed in the main air duct, and the electric auxiliary heating device is located between the indoor unit and the air inlet of the drying chamber.
CN201810187514.0A 2018-03-07 2018-03-07 Drying system based on heat pump Active CN109442888B (en)

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CN115947521B (en) * 2022-12-27 2023-08-15 湖南清源华建环境科技有限公司 Heat pump sludge drier system

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