CN109441793A - A method of reciprocating compressor p-V figure is obtained by measurement piston rod strain - Google Patents
A method of reciprocating compressor p-V figure is obtained by measurement piston rod strain Download PDFInfo
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- CN109441793A CN109441793A CN201811083653.5A CN201811083653A CN109441793A CN 109441793 A CN109441793 A CN 109441793A CN 201811083653 A CN201811083653 A CN 201811083653A CN 109441793 A CN109441793 A CN 109441793A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B51/00—Testing machines, pumps, or pumping installations
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Abstract
A method of reciprocating compressor p-V figure is obtained by measurement piston rod strain, it is strained to obtain bar load according to the piston rod measured, reciprocal inertia force, which is subtracted, with bar load obtains the change curve of gas force resultant force, then nonlinear regression is carried out with fourier series form to gas force resulting force curve, obtain gas force resultant force fitting function, then axis side air pressure function is expressed with fourier series form, and then obtain lid side air pressure function, the equation that gas force resultant force is the sum of axis side gas force and lid side gas force is solved again, obtain each term coefficient of air pressure function, then axis side and lid side air pressure function (p- θ figure) are obtained, and then obtain p-V figure.One aspect of the present invention does not have to punch on the compressor, avoids the problem of destroying compressor body in the prior art.On the other hand, it by acquiring data, calculates, the curve fitted is able to reflect out air-breathing, exhaust, expansion and the process of compression, is able to carry out fault diagnosis and monitoring running state according to p-V figure.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to reciprocating compressor technical fields, and in particular to one kind obtains reciprocal pressure by measurement piston rod strain
The method of contracting machine p-V figure.
Background technique
Reciprocating compressor is applied widely, theoretically compressible all gas, no matter uninterrupted can reach required pressure
Power, volumetric efficiency are high, have been suitable for oil and oil-free operating condition, it is considered to be most efficient gas compressing equipment and be widely used in making
The national economy every field such as cold air-conditioning, air force, petrochemical industry and gas industry.Event once occurs for reciprocating compressor
Barrier, it will influence entire process flow, cause serious or even catastrophic consequence.In order to prevent the generation of accident, to compressor
It carries out status monitoring and fault diagnosis is most important.
Instruction figure, that is, p-V figure is the concentrated expression of compressor operating performance and operating status, be diagnosing compressor fault most
Effective tool.Available suction, pressure at expulsion loss, indicated horsepower, pressure ratio and appearance are schemed by the p-V of compressor operation
The product performance parameters such as efficiency, by the shape of p-V figure can directly reflect air outlet valve, piston ring and the leakage situation for filling out letter etc.,
Heat exchange situation etc. in chimneying pulsation situation and compressor operation.
It is equipped with pressure tap according to the compressor that API618 standard manufactures now, and also in commission old compression mostly
Machine is not due to reserving pressure tap, and measurement inner pressure of air cylinder variation needs to process cylinder, and certain compression special medias
Technique compressor be not allow to process pressure tap on cylinder, furthermore casing wall aperture also will affect cylinder intensity, exist
Potential threat, the so intrusive mode that measures seriously limit the popularization and application of p-V figure diagnosis.
In order to make p-V figure method be no longer limited to experimental study, can be applied in actual production, needing to use does not influence gas
The method of cylinder structure and intensity obtains the monitoring of the pressure change in cylinder.
Summary of the invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide one kind is obtained by measurement piston rod strain
The method for obtaining reciprocating compressor p-V figure.
To achieve the goals above, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A method of reciprocating compressor p-V figure is obtained by measurement piston rod strain, comprising the following steps:
(1) photoelectric sensor is installed at flywheel, by obtained outer dead point signal, at the beginning of determining compressor crank angle θ
Initial value 0, pastes foil gauge on the piston rod, and measurement obtains compressor operation a cycle crank angle θ from each angle [0,2 π]
Spend corresponding bar load function Frod(θ)；
(2) the gas force resultant force function F to [0,2 π] in the periodg(θ) carries out nonlinear regression, obtains fitting result as week
Phase is the function F ' of [0,2 π]g(θ)；Wherein, gas force resultant force function Fg(θ)=Frod(θ)-FI(θ), Frod(θ) is bar load letter
Number, FI(θ) is reciprocal inertia force, reciprocal inertia force FI(θ)=mprω2(cos θ+λ cos2 θ), wherein mpFor toward complex inertia mass,
R is crank throw radius, and ω is compressor rotary speed, and λ is throw of crankshaft connecting rod ratio, and θ is crank angle；
It (3) is the function F ' of [0,2 π] according to the periodg(θ) solves axis side pressure force function pCE(θ) and lid side pressure force function pHE
(θ), then with VCE(θ)/V0CE(θ) and VHE(θ)/V0HE(θ) is abscissa, with pCE(θ)/psCEWith with pHE(θ)/psHEIt is sat to be vertical
Mark, takes psCEIt (0) is axis side pressure of inspiration(Pi) psCE, take psHEIt (180) is lid side pressure of inspiration(Pi) psHE, obtain p-V figure；Wherein, VCE(θ)
For axis side swept volume, VHE(θ) is lid side swept volume, V0CEFor axis side total kilometres, V0HEFor lid side total measurement (volume)；pCE(θ) is axis
Side pressure force function, pHE(θ) is lid side pressure force function.
A further improvement of the present invention lies in that in step (2) nonlinear regression detailed process are as follows: negated linear function is former
Type is fourier series form:θ is crank angle, and n is exhibition
Number is opened, to guarantee fitting precision, a0,a1,…,anAnd b1,…,bnIt for coefficient, is fitted, obtains the letter that the period is [0,2 π]
Number F 'g(θ)。
A further improvement of the present invention lies in that expansion frequency n is more than or equal to 50.
A further improvement of the present invention lies in that solving axis side pressure force function p in step (3)CE(θ) and lid side pressure force function
pHE(θ), detailed process is as follows:
(a) axis side pressure force function p is obtained with the form of fourier progression expanding methodCE(θ):
Wherein: θ is crank angle, and n is expansion number, aCE0,aCE1,…,aCEnAnd bCE1,…,bCEnFor coefficient；
(b) by axis side pressure force function pCE(θ) obtains lid side pressure force function pHEThe expression formula of (θ):
(c) it solves equation: F 'g(θ)=pCE(θ)×SCE-pHE(θ)×SHE, wherein pCE(θ) is axis side pressure force function, pHE
(θ) is lid side pressure force function, SCEFor piston shaft lateral area, SHEPiston cap lateral area, obtains aCE0, aCE1……aCEnum,bCE1,
bCE2……bCEnum, and then obtain axis side pressure force function pCE(θ) and lid side pressure force function pHE(θ)。
A further improvement of the present invention lies in that axis side swept volume Lid side swept volume Axis side total kilometres V0CE=2SCER, lid side total measurement (volume) V0HE=2SHER, in which: r is throw of crankshaft, and θ is
Crank angle, λ are crank to connecting rod length ratio.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the benefit that the present invention at flywheel by installing photoelectric sensor,
By obtained outer dead point signal, determines that compressor crank angle θ initial value is 0, paste foil gauge on the piston rod, measure
To compressor operation a cycle crank angle θ from the corresponding bar load function F of [0,2 π] each anglerod(θ)；It is carried according to bar
Lotus function Frod(θ) subtracts reciprocal inertia force FI(θ) obtains the variation function F of gas force resultant forceg(θ), then carry out fourier series shape
Formula carries out nonlinear regression and obtains fitting result, is additionally based on axis side pressure force function pCE(θ) and lid side pressure force function pHE(θ), knot
Sympodium side and lid side piston swept volume and total measurement (volume) obtain p-V figure.One aspect of the present invention does not have to punch on the compressor, keeps away
The problem of destroying compressor body in the prior art is exempted from.On the other hand, it by acquiring data, calculates, the curve energy fitted
Enough reflect air-breathing, exhaust, expansion and the process of compression, fault diagnosis and monitoring running state are able to carry out according to p-V figure.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is bar load, gas force resultant force, reciprocal inertia force curve；
Fig. 2 is gas force resultant force actual curve and matched curve；
Fig. 3 is p- θ figure matched curve result；
Fig. 4 is p-V figure matched curve result.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawing.
The present invention is a kind of method for obtaining reciprocating compressor p-V figure by measurement piston rod strain, including the following steps:
(1) photoelectric sensor is installed at flywheel, by obtained outer dead point signal, at the beginning of determining compressor crank angle θ
Initial value 0, pastes foil gauge on the piston rod, and measurement obtains compressor operation a cycle crank angle θ from each angle [0,2 π]
Spend corresponding bar load function Frod(θ)；
(2) gas force resultant force function F is calculatedg(θ)；Detailed process is as follows:
(2a) calculates reciprocal inertia force FI(θ)=mprω2(cos θ+λ cos2 θ), wherein mpFor past complex inertia mass, r is
Crank throw radius, ω are compressor rotary speed, and λ is throw of crankshaft connecting rod ratio, and θ is crank angle；
(2b) takes gas force resultant force function Fg(θ)=Frod(θ)-FI(θ), such as Fig. 1；
(3) the gas force resultant force function F to [0,2 π] in (2) step in the periodg(θ) carries out nonlinear regression, negated line
Property function prototype be fourier series form:θ turns for crank
Angle, n are expansion number, and to guarantee that fitting precision, n are more than or equal to 50, preferably n takes 50, a0,a1,…,anAnd b1,…,bnTo be
Number is fitted to obtain the function F ' that the period is [0,2 π]g(θ), such as Fig. 2；
(4) axis side pressure force function p is solvedCE(θ) and lid side pressure force function pHE(θ), detailed process is as follows:
(4a) obtains axis side pressure force function p with the form of fourier progression expanding methodCE(θ):
Wherein: θ is crank angle, and n is expansion number, and to guarantee that fitting precision, n are more than or equal to 50, preferably n takes 50,
aCE0,aCE1,…,aCEnAnd bCE1,…,bCEnFor coefficient；
(4b) is by axis side pressure force function pCE(θ) obtains lid side pressure force function pHEThe expression formula of (θ):
(4c) is solved equation: F 'g(θ)=pCE(θ)×SCE-pHE(θ)×SHE, wherein pCE(θ) is axis side pressure force function, pHE
(θ) is lid side pressure force function, SCEFor piston shaft lateral area, SHEPiston cap lateral area, obtains aCE0, aCE1……aCEnum,bCE1,
bCE2……bCEnum, and then obtain axis side pressure force function pCE(θ) and lid side pressure force function pHE(θ), such as Fig. 3；
(5) p- θ figure, p-V figure are obtained, detailed process is as follows:
(5a) calculates axis side swept volumeWith lid side swept volumeCalculate axis side total kilometres V0CE=
2SCER and lid side total measurement (volume) V0HE=2SHER, in which: r is throw of crankshaft, and θ is crank angle, and λ is crank to connecting rod length ratio；
(5b) using crank angle θ as abscissa, with pCE(θ)/psCEWith with pCE(θ)/psHEFor ordinate, wherein pCE(θ) is
Axis lateral pressure, pHE(θ) is lid lateral pressure, takes psCEIt (0) is axis side pressure of inspiration(Pi) psCE, take psHEIt (180) is lid side pressure of inspiration(Pi)
psHE, obtain p- θ figure, such as Fig. 4；
(5c) is with VCE(θ)/V0CE(θ) and VHE(θ)/V0HE(θ) is abscissa, with pCE(θ)/psCEWith with pHE(θ)/psHEFor
Ordinate takes psCEIt (0) is axis side pressure of inspiration(Pi) psCE, take psHEIt (180) is lid side pressure of inspiration(Pi) psHE, obtain p-V figure, such as Fig. 4.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of method for obtaining reciprocating compressor p-V figure by measurement piston rod strain, which is characterized in that including following step
It is rapid:
(1) photoelectric sensor is installed at flywheel and compressor crank angle θ initial value is determined by obtained outer dead point signal
0, foil gauge is pasted on the piston rod, and measurement obtains compressor operation a cycle crank angle θ from [0,2 π] each angle pair
The bar load function F answeredrod(θ)；
(2) the gas force resultant force function F to [0,2 π] in the periodg(θ) carries out nonlinear regression, and obtaining fitting result is the period to be
The function F ' of [0,2 π]g(θ)；Wherein, gas force resultant force function Fg(θ)=Frod(θ)-FI(θ), Frod(θ) is bar load function,
FI(θ) is reciprocal inertia force, reciprocal inertia force FI(θ)=mprω2(cos θ+λ cos2 θ), wherein mpFor past complex inertia mass, r is
Crank throw radius, ω are compressor rotary speed, and λ is throw of crankshaft connecting rod ratio, and θ is crank angle；
It (3) is the function F ' of [0,2 π] according to the periodg(θ) solves axis side pressure force function pCE(θ) and lid side pressure force function pHE(θ),
Then with VCE(θ)/V0CE(θ) and VHE(θ)/V0HE(θ) is abscissa, with pCE(θ)/psCEWith with pHE(θ)/psHEFor ordinate, take
psCEIt (0) is axis side pressure of inspiration(Pi) psCE, take psHEIt (180) is lid side pressure of inspiration(Pi) psHE, obtain p-V figure；Wherein, VCE(θ) is axis
Side swept volume, VHE(θ) is lid side swept volume, V0CEFor axis side total kilometres, V0HEFor lid side total measurement (volume)；pCE(θ) is axis side pressure
Force function, pHE(θ) is lid side pressure force function.
2. a kind of method for obtaining reciprocating compressor p-V figure by measurement piston rod strain according to claim 1, special
Sign is, the detailed process of nonlinear regression in step (2) are as follows: negated linear function prototype is fourier series form:θ is crank angle, and n is expansion number, to guarantee fitting essence
Degree, a0, a1..., anAnd b1..., bnIt for coefficient, is fitted, obtains the function F ' that the period is [0,2 π]g(θ)。
3. a kind of method for obtaining reciprocating compressor p-V figure by measurement piston rod strain according to claim 2, special
Sign is that expansion frequency n is more than or equal to 50.
4. a kind of method for obtaining reciprocating compressor p-V figure by measurement piston rod strain according to claim 1, special
Sign is, axis side pressure force function p is solved in step (3)CE(θ) and lid side pressure force function pHE(θ), detailed process is as follows:
(a) axis side pressure force function p is obtained with the form of fourier progression expanding methodCE(θ):
Wherein: θ is crank angle, and n is expansion number, aCE0, aCE1..., aCEnAnd bCE1..., bCEnFor coefficient；
(b) by axis side pressure force function pCE(θ) obtains lid side pressure force function pHEThe expression formula of (θ):
(c) it solves equation: F 'g(θ)=pCE(θ)×SCE-pHE(θ)×SHE, wherein pCE(θ) is axis side pressure force function, pHE(θ) is lid
Side pressure force function, SCEFor piston shaft lateral area, SHEPiston cap lateral area, obtains aCE0, aCE1......aCEnum, bCE1,
bCE2......bCEnum, and then obtain axis side pressure force function pCE(θ) and lid side pressure force function pHE(θ)。
5. a kind of method for obtaining reciprocating compressor p-V figure by measurement piston rod strain according to claim 1, special
Sign is, axis side swept volume Lid
Side swept volume Axis side total kilometres
V0CE=2SCER, lid side total measurement (volume) V0HE=2SHER, in which: r is throw of crankshaft, and θ is crank angle, and λ is crank to connecting rod length ratio.
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| CN201811083653.5A CN109441793B (en) | 2018-09-17 | 2018-09-17 | Method for obtaining p-V diagram of reciprocating compressor by measuring strain of piston rod |
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| CN110145462A (en) * | 2019-05-30 | 2019-08-20 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of measurement structure and method of miniature oilless (oil free) compressor piston ring annular pressure |
| CN113700639A (en) * | 2021-09-09 | 2021-11-26 | 西安交通大学 | Nondestructive fault diagnosis system and method for reciprocating compressor |
| CN114320827A (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2022-04-12 | 西安交通大学 | Nondestructive monitoring device and method for indicator diagram of liquid-driven piston compressor |
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