CN104484552B - Two-stroke low speed diesel engine peculiar to vessel sweeps capacity computational methods - Google Patents
Two-stroke low speed diesel engine peculiar to vessel sweeps capacity computational methods Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of two-stroke low speed diesel engine peculiar to vessel to sweep capacity computational methods, and the scavenging flow for calculating diesel engine in real time by applied mathematical model, smoke evacuation flow and scavenging period different phase of the invention are discharged to the gas flow in smoke evacuation header；Exhausted air quantity, the intake and exhaust amount of scavenging process and the capacity of final vacuum process that free exhaust is discharged in single cycle are calculated by using The Ideal-Gas Equation, and with reference to port timing；According to the number of cylinders of two-stroke low speed diesel engine peculiar to vessel and rotating speed and then draw scavenging flow and smoke evacuation flow.The present invention can fast and accurately predict scavenging flow and extraction flow, versatile, provide reliable data for analysis diesel engine working condition, raising diesel engine performance and support.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Engineering Thermodynamics technical field, more particularly to a kind of two-stroke low speed diesel engine peculiar to vessel to sweep capacity
Computational methods, for calculating the swept volume and exhaust smoke level of two-stroke low speed diesel engine peculiar to vessel.
Background technology
It is huge that two-stroke low speed diesel engine peculiar to vessel sweeps extraction flow, it is difficult to direct measurement, but ventilation quality directly affects
Exhaust gas temperature, flue gas loss, there is direct significant impact to diesel engine performance.Thus fast and accurately calculate swept volume, smoke evacuation
Measure and then analysis optimization scavenging period is most important.
Due to the importance of two-stroke low speed diesel engine scavenging period peculiar to vessel, grinding for scavenging period is paid much attention to both at home and abroad
Study carefully.Through studying for many years, scavenging period is theoretical to include the models such as " being thoroughly mixed ", " cleaning completely ", " layered scavenging ".It is " completely mixed
Conjunction " and " complete to clean " model are thoroughly mixed or are completely exhausted out waste gas due to ventilatory state is idealized, and calculate simply, rapidly,
But precision is inadequate.It is more accurate that " layered scavenging " model calculates, but calculating is complicated, computationally intensive, and it is real-time to be unsatisfactory for engineering
The requirement of display.Shanghai Communications University Gu Hongzhong professor's the nineties propose " dense exhaust " model, and " dense exhaust " model calculates
Rapidly, it is simple accurate, it is widely used.But " dense exhaust " model is difficult to meet different model diesel engine, versatility is not strong, in work
Apply and be restricted in journey.
The content of the invention
In view of the deficienciess of the prior art, the invention provides one kind based on two-stroke low speed diesel engine speed peculiar to vessel etc.
The two-stroke low speed diesel engine peculiar to vessel of data sweeps capacity computational methods, and this method can be calculated fast and accurately under different load
The swept volume and exhaust smoke level of scavenging period, it is versatile, for analysis diesel engine working condition, ensure that premium properties provides reliably
Data.
Thinking of the present invention is：According to the free exhaust process of two-stroke diesel engines scavenging period, scavenging process and after
Exhaust process three phases combination valve timing diagram, diesel engine live load calculate the intake and exhaust amount of different phase respectively.Three
The intake and exhaust amount sum in stage is single-cycle intake and exhaust total amount, divided by is multiplied by cylinder number the time required to corresponding single cycle and just obtains
Corresponding swept volume and exhaust smoke level.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
A kind of two-stroke low speed diesel engine peculiar to vessel sweeps capacity computational methods, including step：
Step 1, free exhaust process is simulated, this step further comprises sub-step：
1.1 using the pressure of compression beginnning scavenging header as compression beginnning inner pressure of air cylinder, is turned according to the bent axle of compression beginnning
Angle calculates compression beginnning displacement, according to fresh air temperature T in compression beginnning scavenging headeriObtain compression beginnning cylinder
Interior gas temperatureCompression beginnning cylinder interior gas quality m is calculated based on The Ideal-Gas Equation1；
1.2 according to compression beginnning cylinder interior gas quality m1Obtain expansion terminal cylinder interior gas quality m2；
1.3 using free exhaust process at the end of discharge fume header pressure as the cylinder internal pressure at the end of free exhaust process
Power, according to corresponding crank angle geometric displacement at the end of free exhaust process, according to gas in expansion terminal cylinder
Inner pressure of air cylinder calculates cylinder interior gas at the end of free exhaust process at the end of the thermodynamic parameter and free exhaust process of body
Temperature, based on The Ideal-Gas Equation calculate free exhaust process at the end of cylinder interior gas quality m3；
1.4 are gained freedom exhaust process waste gas discharge quality m based on mass conservation lawbld-out=m2-m3；
Step 2, scavenging process is simulated, this step further comprises sub-step：
2.1 using scavenging process at the end of scavenging header pressure as the inner pressure of air cylinder at the end of scavenging process, according to sweeping
Crank angle at the end of gas process calculates displacement at the end of scavenging process, according to scavenging collection at the end of scavenging process
Fresh air temperature T in caseiCylinder interior gas temperature at the end of acquisition scavenging processBased on ideal
The equation of gas state calculates cylinder interior gas quality m at the end of scavenging process4；
2.2 obtain at the end of scavenging process exhaust mass m in cylinder based on mass conservation law5=m4-m4η, stay in
Fresh air quantity m in cylinder6=m4η and sliding gas flow m7=m4η s, wherein, η represents scavenging efficiency, is experience
Value；S is slip coefficient, and s=1.14-0.75f, f represent main unit load；
2.3 discharge the gas gross m of blast pipe based on mass conservation law acquisition scavenging process8=m7+m3-m5；
Step 3, final vacuum process simulation, it is specially：
According to compression beginnning cylinder interior gas quality m1With cylinder interior gas quality m at the end of scavenging process4Obtain final vacuum
Process is discharged to the gas flow m in smoke explorer9=m4-m1；
Step 4, diesel engine sweeps capacity calculating, and this step further comprises sub-step：
4.1 obtain diesel engine single cylinder single cycle scavenging total amount m based on mass conservation lawin=m6+m7；
4.2 obtain diesel engine single cylinder single cycle exhaust total amount, i.e. exhaust smoke level m based on mass conservation lawout=mbld-out+
m8+m9；
Each intake and exhaust amount and exhaust smoke level respectively divided by the single cycle time and are multiplied by number of cylinders by 4.3, that is, obtain corresponding to enter
Extraction flow and smoke evacuation flow.
Compression beginnning cylinder interior gas quality m described in step 1.11=P1·V1/(R·T1), wherein, P1Begin for compression
Point inner pressure of air cylinder, V1For compression beginnning displacement, R is air gas constant, T1For compression beginnning cylinder interior gas temperature
Degree.
Expansion terminal cylinder interior gas quality m described in step 1.22=m1+mf, wherein, m1For in compression beginnning cylinder
Gaseous mass；mfFor the amount of fuel of single cylinder single cycle burning consumption.
Cylinder interior gas quality m at the end of free exhaust process described in step 1.33=P3·V3/(Re·T3), its
In, P3Inner pressure of air cylinder at the end of for free exhaust process, V3Displacement at the end of for free exhaust process, ReFor mark
The gas constant of quasi- flue gas；T3Cylinder interior gas temperature at the end of for free exhaust process,T2For expansion
Terminal cylinder interior gas temperature, P2To expand terminal inner pressure of air cylinder, P3Inner pressure of air cylinder at the end of for free exhaust process, n are
Polytropic expansion index.
Cylinder interior gas quality m at the end of scavenging process described in step 2.14=P4·V4/(R·T4), wherein, P4For
Inner pressure of air cylinder at the end of scavenging process, V4Displacement at the end of for scavenging process, R are air gas constant；T4To sweep
Cylinder interior gas temperature at the end of gas process.
Displacement described in step 1.1,1.3 and 2.1 calculates according to the crank angle at corresponding moment to be obtained, tool
Body is：
Wherein, D is cylinder bore diameter；S is piston stroke；ε is geometrical compression ratio, is diesel engine basic parameter；λ is that connecting rod is bent
Handle ratio；For the crank angle at corresponding moment, calculated according to valve timing diagram, with crank in top dead centre, i.e.,When start
Calculate.
Compared to the prior art, the invention has the advantages that and beneficial effect：
Scavenging flow and smoke evacuation flow can be fast and accurately predicted, it is versatile, to analyze diesel engine scavenging period quality
Provide time and data support.The quality of scavenging period directly affects dynamic property, economy, reliability and the exhaust of diesel engine
Pollution, therefore, the present invention provide reliable data support further to improve diesel engine performance.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the inventive method particular flow sheet；
Fig. 2 is the valve timing diagram of certain two-stroke low speed diesel engine peculiar to vessel.
Embodiment
The inventive method is described in detail below, in the case of not indicating especially hereinafter, gaseous mass is single cylinder
Single-cycle gaseous mass.
Two-stroke low speed diesel engine scavenging period peculiar to vessel includes free exhaust process, scavenging process and final vacuum process three
Aeration phase, scavenging period port timing schematic diagram are shown in Fig. 2.The swept volume of diesel engine is extremely important to calculating at different moments,
Cylinder of diesel engine swept volume V is as follows under different crank angles：
In formula (1), D is cylinder bore diameter；S is piston stroke；ε is geometrical compression ratio, is diesel engine basic parameter；λ is company
Pole crank ratio；For crank angle, unit：Radian, calculated according to valve timing diagram, with crank in top dead centre, i.e.,When
Start to calculate.
1st, free exhaust process simulation
The pressure that moment inner pressure of air cylinder is similar to scavenging header is completed in ventilation, and compression beginnning is moment before exhaust valve closure
Cylinder interior gas quality m1For：
m1=P1·V1/(R·T1) (2)
In formula (2), P1For compression beginnning inner pressure of air cylinder, because little with the pressure difference of scavenging header, using scavenging collection
The pressure of case, the pressure of scavenging header can use direct measurement or see that diesel engine specification obtains；V1For compression beginnning when gas
Cylinder working volume, acquisition can be calculated by bringing crank angle during exhaust valve closure into formula (1)；R is air gas constant；T1For pressure
Contracting initial point cylinder interior gas temperature, unit：Kelvin, empirical equation can be used to obtain, it is as follows：
In formula (3), Ti, can direct measurement acquisition for fresh air temperature in scavenging header.
When expanding terminal, i.e. moment cylinder interior gas quality m before air bleeding valve opening2For：
m2=m1+mf (4)
In formula (4), m1For compression beginnning cylinder interior gas quality；mf, can for the amount of fuel of one circulating combustion consumption of single cylinder
Obtained according to diesel engine Parameter Calculation.
Opened after air bleeding valve opening to scavenging port, i.e. free exhaust process.During free exhaust, inner pressure of air cylinder is bigger
In the pressure of smoke evacuation header, exhaust process is similar to isobaric expansion process of the back pressure for the pressure of smoke evacuation header, due in cylinder
Inner pressure of air cylinder is slightly larger than the pressure of smoke evacuation header when scavenging port is opened, and difference is smaller, and approximation uses the pressure generation of smoke evacuation header
Inner pressure of air cylinder when being opened for scavenging port.Moment, i.e. cylinder interior gas matter at the end of free exhaust process before then scavenging port is opened
Measure m3For：
m3=P3·V3/(Re·T3) (5)
Parameter is the state parameter of moment before scavenging port is opened in formula (5), wherein, P3The pressure of smoke evacuation header is taken, can
Direct measurement checks that diesel engine specification obtains；V3Moment displacement before being opened for scavenging port, scavenging port is opened
The crank angle of preceding moment, which brings formula (1) into, can calculate acquisition；ReFor the gas constant of standard fume；T3Before being opened for scavenging port
Moment cylinder interior gas temperature, formula (6) can be used to obtain：
In formula (6), T2Moment cylinder interior gas temperature before being opened for air bleeding valve, that is, terminal cylinder interior gas temperature is expanded,
The temperature can direct measurement or pass through calculate obtain；P2For expansion terminal pressure, the temperature direct measurement or can be obtained by calculating
；N is polytropic expansion index, is slightly less than adiabatic exponent, value 1.3~1.4.
The then quality m of free exhaust process cylinder discharge waste gasbld-outFor：
mbld-out=m2-m3 (7)
2nd, scavenging process is simulated
At the end of scavenging process, i.e., cylinder interior gas quality m when scavenging port is closed4Calculated by formula (2), i.e.,：
m4=P4·V4/(R·T4) (8)
In formula (8), P4Inner pressure of air cylinder at the end of for scavenging process, take the pressure value of scavenging header, the pressure of scavenging header
Force value can direct measurement or check diesel engine specification obtain；V4Displacement at the end of for scavenging process, by scavenging knot
Crank angle, which brings formula (1) into, during beam can calculate acquisition；R is air gas constant；T4Cylinder interior gas temperature at the end of for scavenging
Degree, empirical equation (3) is taken to calculate.
Then scavenging process terminates exhaust mass m in cylinder5For：
m5=m4-m4·η (9)
In formula (9), η is scavenging efficiency, and scavenging efficiency obtains by mass data analysis, in the present invention, for different shaped
Number diesel engine, definite value 0.9 is taken in different load.
The fresh air quantity m stayed at the end of scavenging process in cylinder6For：
m6=m4·η (10)
Scavenging process flows through the amount of fresh air that scavenging port is vented directly to scavenging air box, that is, slides gas flow m7For：
m7=m6S=m4·η·s (11)
In formula (11), s is slip coefficient, and the amount of fresh air of smoke evacuation header is flowed into when being closed for scavenging port and stays in cylinder
Interior amount of fresh air ratio, the empirical equation with load variations rule are as follows：
S=1.14-0.75f (12)
F represents main unit load in formula (12), typically takes 0.3~1.
Then scavenging process is discharged to the gas gross m of blast pipe8For：
m8=m7+m3-m5 (13)
3rd, final vacuum process simulation
Final vacuum process is discharged to the gas flow m in smoke explorer9For：
m9=m4-m1 (14)
Free exhaust process, scavenging process and the final vacuum process of above-mentioned scavenging period are summarized, two-stroke peculiar to vessel can be obtained
One circulation scavenging total amount m of diesel engine single cylinderinFor：
min=m6+m7=m4·η+m4·η·s (15)
One circulating exhaust total amount of two-stroke diesel engines single cylinder, i.e. exhaust smoke level moutFor：
mout=mbld-out+m8+m9=min+mf (16)
mbld-out、m8、m9、min、mfThe time and cylinder of diesel engine number is multiplied by respectively divided by used in a circulation, i.e., by mbld-out、
m8、m9、min、mf(60/r) l is multiplied by respectively, you can obtains free exhaust flow, scavenging process smoke evacuation flow, final vacuum process
Flow, the scavenging total flow of discharging fume and total flow of discharging fume, wherein r is diesel engine speed, and l is cylinder number.
The above analysis, it can obtain diesel engine scavenging flowIt is as follows：
Diesel smoke total flowIt is as follows：
The present invention is further illustrated with reference to example.
Based on mass conservation law and the port timing structure scavenging period mathematical modeling of scavenging period is combined, described changes
Gas process mathematical model further comprises free exhaust process mathematical model, scavenging process mathematical modeling and final vacuum process mathematics
Model；Then input or gather basic parameter, you can obtain the analog result that diesel oil sweeps capacity, described basic parameter includes
The pressure such as atmospheric temperature, pressure, the pressure of scavenging header, scavenging header temperature, smoke evacuation header temperature, the pressure for header of discharging fume and
Temperature basic parameter.
Fig. 2 will be seen by checking example, its port timing of the load of MANB＆W companies 5S60MC-C8.2 types 100% below.
Cylinder of diesel engine internal diameter D=0.6m；Piston stroke S=2m；Geometrical compression ratio ε=21.1；Connecting rod crank is than λ=0.488；It is single
The amount of fuel m of one circulating combustion consumption of cylinderf=0.35kg；Load f=1；P1For compression beginnning inner pressure of air cylinder, it is approximately equal to
The pressure of scavenging header, and the pressure of scavenging header is 0.43MPa, thus P1=0.43MPa；Scavenging header temperature Ti=
311.2K；Pressure in smoke evacuation header is 0.40MPa, thus P3=0.40MPa；P2=1.04MPa；T2=952.4K；It is changeable swollen
Swollen index n takes 1.34；Air gas constant R=287J/kgK；The gas constant R of standard fumee=295J/kgK.It incite somebody to action this
Invention result of calculation is shown in Table 1 compared with the actual operation parameters value that diesel engine specification provides, it can be seen from Table 1 that, this hair
The scavenging flow and smoke evacuation flow error of bright calculating are respectively less than 5%, demonstrate the correctness of the present invention, and precision is higher.
1 result of calculation of the present invention of table and with actual operating data contrast
Claims (6)
1. two-stroke low speed diesel engine peculiar to vessel sweeps capacity computational methods, it is characterised in that including：
Step 1, free exhaust process is simulated, this step further comprises sub-step：
1.1 using the pressure of compression beginnning scavenging header as compression beginnning inner pressure of air cylinder, according to the crank angle meter of compression beginnning
Compression beginnning displacement is calculated, according to fresh air temperature T in scavenging headeriObtain compression beginnning cylinder interior gas temperatureCompression beginnning cylinder interior gas quality m is calculated based on The Ideal-Gas Equation1；
1.2 according to compression beginnning cylinder interior gas quality m1Obtain expansion terminal cylinder interior gas quality m2；
1.3 using free exhaust process at the end of discharge fume header pressure as the inner pressure of air cylinder at the end of free exhaust process, root
Corresponding crank angle geometric displacement at the end of according to free exhaust process, according to the heat of expansion terminal cylinder interior gas
Inner pressure of air cylinder calculates cylinder interior gas temperature at the end of free exhaust process, base at the end of mechanics parameter and free exhaust process
The cylinder interior gas quality m at the end of The Ideal-Gas Equation calculates free exhaust process3；
1.4 are gained freedom exhaust process waste gas discharge quality m based on mass conservation lawbld-out=m2-m3；
Step 2, scavenging process is simulated, this step further comprises sub-step：
2.1 using scavenging process at the end of scavenging header pressure as the inner pressure of air cylinder at the end of scavenging process, according to scavenging
Crank angle at the end of journey calculates displacement at the end of scavenging process, according to fresh air temperature T in scavenging headeri
Cylinder interior gas temperature at the end of acquisition scavenging processCalculated and swept based on The Ideal-Gas Equation
Cylinder interior gas quality m at the end of gas process4；
2.2 obtain at the end of scavenging process exhaust mass m in cylinder based on mass conservation law5=m4-m4η, stay in cylinder
Fresh air quantity m6=m4η and sliding gas flow m7=m4η s, wherein, η represents scavenging efficiency, is empirical value；S is
Slip coefficient, s=1.14-0.75f, f represent main unit load；
2.3 discharge the gas gross m of blast pipe based on mass conservation law acquisition scavenging process8=m7+m3-m5；
Step 3, final vacuum process simulation, it is specially：
According to compression beginnning cylinder interior gas quality m1With cylinder interior gas quality m at the end of scavenging process4Obtain final vacuum process
The gas flow m being discharged in smoke explorer9=m4-m1；
Step 4, diesel engine sweeps capacity calculating, and this step further comprises sub-step：
4.1 obtain diesel engine single cylinder single cycle scavenging total amount m based on mass conservation lawin=m6+m7；
4.2 obtain diesel engine single cylinder single cycle exhaust total amount, i.e. exhaust smoke level m based on mass conservation lawout=mbld-out+m8+m9；
Single cylinder single cycle scavenging total amount and exhaust smoke level respectively divided by the single cycle time and are multiplied by number of cylinders by 4.3, that is, are corresponded to
Charge flow rate and smoke evacuation flow.
2. two-stroke low speed diesel engine peculiar to vessel as claimed in claim 1 sweeps capacity computational methods, it is characterised in that：
Compression beginnning cylinder interior gas quality m described in step 1.11=P1·V1/(R·T1), wherein, P1For compression beginnning gas
In-cylinder pressure, V1For compression beginnning displacement, R is air gas constant, T1For compression beginnning cylinder interior gas temperature.
3. two-stroke low speed diesel engine peculiar to vessel as claimed in claim 1 sweeps capacity computational methods, it is characterised in that：
Expansion terminal cylinder interior gas quality m described in step 1.22=m1+mf, wherein, m1For compression beginnning cylinder interior gas
Quality；mfFor the amount of fuel of single cylinder single cycle burning consumption.
4. two-stroke low speed diesel engine peculiar to vessel as claimed in claim 1 sweeps capacity computational methods, it is characterised in that：
Cylinder interior gas quality m at the end of free exhaust process described in step 1.33=P3·V3(Re·T3), wherein, P3For
Inner pressure of air cylinder at the end of free exhaust process, V3Displacement at the end of for free exhaust process, ReFor standard fume
Gas constant；T3Cylinder interior gas temperature at the end of for free exhaust process,T2To expand terminal cylinder
Interior gas temperature, P2To expand terminal inner pressure of air cylinder, P3Inner pressure of air cylinder at the end of for free exhaust process, n are polytropic expansion
Index.
5. two-stroke low speed diesel engine peculiar to vessel as claimed in claim 1 sweeps capacity computational methods, it is characterised in that：
Cylinder interior gas quality m at the end of scavenging process described in step 2.14=P4·V4/(R·T4), wherein, P4For scavenging
Inner pressure of air cylinder at the end of process, V4Displacement at the end of for scavenging process, R are air gas constant；T4For scavenging
Cylinder interior gas temperature at the end of journey.
6. two-stroke low speed diesel engine peculiar to vessel as claimed in claim 1 sweeps capacity computational methods, it is characterised in that：
Displacement described in step 1.1,1.3 and 2.1 calculates according to the crank angle at corresponding moment to be obtained, specifically
For：
Wherein, D is cylinder bore diameter；S is piston stroke；ε is geometrical compression ratio, is diesel engine basic parameter；λ is connecting rod crank
Than；For the crank angle at corresponding moment, calculated according to valve timing diagram, with crank in top dead centre, i.e.,When start to count
Calculate.
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| FR3044713B1 (en) * | 2015-12-08 | 2017-12-01 | Continental Automotive France | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DETERMINING THE FLOW OF AIR ENTERING THE INTAKE MANIFOLD OF A TWO-STROKE ENGINE |
| CN109323865B (en) * | 2018-11-06 | 2019-11-26 | 大连理工大学 | The scavenging simulator and its application method of adjustable pressure control |
| CN110487552A (en) * | 2019-07-01 | 2019-11-22 | 天津大学 | Low speed two cycle marine diesel engine current stabilization scavenging exhaust valve rotating device |
| CN112196664B (en) * | 2020-09-11 | 2022-03-25 | 上海中船三井造船柴油机有限公司 | Scavenging pressure compensation method for responding to scavenging temperature change |
| CN113432881B (en) * | 2021-07-15 | 2022-04-12 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Method for simulating compression pressure and temperature in two-stroke cylinder by using four-stroke single cylinder |
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