CN109440780B - Active type inclined single-row pile foundation pit supporting method - Google Patents
Active type inclined single-row pile foundation pit supporting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109440780B CN109440780B CN201811411544.1A CN201811411544A CN109440780B CN 109440780 B CN109440780 B CN 109440780B CN 201811411544 A CN201811411544 A CN 201811411544A CN 109440780 B CN109440780 B CN 109440780B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/02—Foundation pits
- E02D17/04—Bordering surfacing or stiffening the sides of foundation pits
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D19/00—Keeping dry foundation sites or other areas in the ground
- E02D19/06—Restraining of underground water
- E02D19/12—Restraining of underground water by damming or interrupting the passage of underground water
- E02D19/18—Restraining of underground water by damming or interrupting the passage of underground water by making use of sealing aprons, e.g. diaphragms made from bituminous or clay material
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Abstract
The invention discloses an active inclined single-row pile foundation pit supporting method, which comprises the following steps: 1) driving support piles inclined towards the inside of the pit along the inner side of the edge of the foundation pit to a designed elevation of the pile bottom to form a single row of support piles, and meanwhile, arranging a waterproof curtain behind the single row of support piles; 2) arranging a jack on the pile top of each support pile; 3) arranging crown beams on the single row of support piles, and connecting all the support piles into a whole by adopting the crown beams; 4) excavating the soil body surrounded by the single-row supporting piles to the designed elevation of the pit bottom, and applying a controlled expansion force to the supporting piles by adopting the jacks arranged in the step 2) in the excavating process or before excavating so as to reduce the displacement of the soil body and the pile tops. The invention utilizes the jack to actively control the displacement of the inclined single-row pile, can reduce the displacement of the pile top to a great extent, reduce the bending moment of the pile body, reduce the construction cost, increase the excavation depth and reduce the possibility of the foundation pit from being toppled and damaged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a foundation pit supporting method, in particular to an active inclined single-row pile foundation pit supporting method.
Background
The pile row support is one of the most widely applied foundation pit support forms in China at present. Compared with the underground continuous wall, the pile row structure has the advantages of simple construction process, low cost, flexible planar arrangement and the like. The row-type support with spaced piles is suitable for the condition of no underground water or the condition of allowing precipitation outside a pit, and can also be used for the weak water-bearing stratum when a waterproof curtain is arranged or a side-by-side continuous wall body is formed by the waterproof curtain and other mixed piles. When the foundation pit is shallow in excavation, good in geological conditions and low in environmental requirements (particularly deformation requirements), a cantilever pile supporting mode can be adopted. The row pile support can also utilize an anchor rod to anchor or add various types of supports in the foundation pit, so that the support capability of the row pile is improved. When the excavation area of the foundation pit is large, the foundation is soft and the environmental requirement is high, an internal support type support can be adopted. When the soil layer condition of the foundation pit is better, the anchor pulling condition is achieved, and the requirement on the surrounding environment is not high, anchor pulling type supporting can be adopted.
Ordinary row's pile is strutted, and the stake is vertical pile, and the shortcoming of utilizing vertical pile to carry out row's pile and strut mainly has:
firstly, the pile top displacement is large and the internal force is large at the same excavation depth, so that the ground behind the pile is greatly deformed, and the surrounding environment is endangered.
Secondly, when the intensity of stake is not enough, lead to the fender slope stake rupture easily and make the foundation ditch unstability to the degree of depth that the foundation ditch can be excavated is less, very easily takes place to topple and destroy when the excavation depth is great, therefore supporting construction needs bigger cross-section and depth of insertion.
In the process of excavation of the deep foundation pit, the displacement field and the stress field of the surrounding soil body and the foundation pit per se are greatly changed due to unloading of the deep foundation pit, and further the problems of surface subsidence around the pit, lateral deformation of the enclosure structure, uplift of the soil body at the bottom of the foundation pit and the like are caused, so that the displacement of the pile top is overlarge. If active control is applied to the soil mass and the pile top, the displacement of the soil mass and the pile top can be reduced.
At present, a relatively advanced technology at home and abroad is a deep foundation pit steel support axial force hydraulic servo system. However, the technology mainly depends on the hydraulic axial force applied by the horizontal support to actively control the deformation of the foundation pit, and has the advantages of large occupied space, high manufacturing cost, environmental friendliness and low cost.
Therefore, the research and development of an ultra-deep and ultra-large foundation pit applicable to soft soil areas, and an economic, rapid, energy-saving and safe supporting method are urgent needs for the development of the market at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an active inclined single-row pile foundation pit supporting method for solving the technical problems in the prior art, which can reduce pile top displacement to a great extent, reduce pile body bending moment, reduce engineering cost, increase excavation depth and reduce the possibility of foundation pit overturning damage.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems in the prior art is as follows: an active inclined single-row pile foundation pit supporting method comprises the following steps: 1) driving single row support piles inclined towards the inside of the pit along the inner side of the edge of the foundation pit to a designed elevation of the pile bottom, and meanwhile, arranging a waterproof curtain behind the single row support piles; 2) arranging a jack on the pile top of each single-row support pile; 3) arranging crown beams on the single-row supporting piles, and connecting all the single-row supporting piles into a whole by adopting the crown beams; 4) excavating the soil body surrounded by the single-row supporting piles to the designed elevation of the pit bottom, and applying a control expansion force to the single-row supporting piles by adopting the jack arranged in the step 2) in the excavating process or before excavating so as to reduce the displacement of the soil body and the pile tops.
On the basis of the scheme, the invention is further improved as follows:
in the step 1), the inclination angle of the single-row support piles is greater than 0 degree and less than or equal to 30 degrees.
And 1), the pile bottom depth of the single-row supporting pile is 2-2.5 times of the excavation depth of the foundation pit.
In the step 1), the distance between the piles of the single-row supporting pile is 2-2.5 times of the diameter of the pile.
In the step 1), the diameter of the single-row supporting pile is 300-600 mm.
And 3), the width of the crown beam is more than or equal to the pile diameter or the pile section side length of the single-row support piles, and the height of the crown beam is more than or equal to 0.6 time of the pile diameter or 0.6 time of the pile section side length of the single-row support piles.
And 3), expanding 1/2 pile diameters or 1/2 pile section side lengths from two sides of the crown beam in the width direction.
And 1), pressing the single-row support piles into the next pile at intervals of 1-2 piles by adopting a pile jumping construction method.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
firstly), the jack is utilized to actively control the displacement of the inclined single-row pile, the method can reduce the displacement of the pile top to a great extent under the condition of the same excavation depth, the ground deformation behind the pile is greatly reduced, the damage to the surrounding environment is avoided, meanwhile, the bending moment of the pile body can be reduced, the design strength of the pile body is reduced, the construction cost is reduced, and the method has great economic significance.
Secondly), the jack is used for actively controlling the displacement of the inclined single-row pile, when the pile length and the pile design strength are the same as those of the common row of piles, the excavation depth can be increased, and the technical value is better; the excavation surface is inclined, so that the possibility of overturning damage of the foundation pit is greatly reduced, and the safety significance to foundation pit engineering is great;
thirdly), the jack is utilized to actively control the displacement of the inclined single-row pile, and due to the advantages of the inclined single-row pile support, the foundation pit engineering which is supported by an internal support type support or a pull anchor type support may be originally required, and the design requirement can be met only by utilizing the cantilever pile support, so that the design and construction are simpler and more convenient, the material is saved, and the engineering cost is reduced.
In summary, the invention can be applied to the foundation pit supporting engineering which uses the row piles to support the foundation pit and expects to reduce the displacement of the pile top, increase the excavation depth, reduce the possibility of the overturn and damage of the row piles or reduce the design strength of the row piles to reduce the manufacturing cost.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. the edge of the foundation pit; 2. a crown beam; 3. a pit bottom; 4. supporting piles in a single row; 5. a jack.
Detailed Description
In order to further understand the contents, features and effects of the present invention, the following embodiments are illustrated and described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings:
referring to fig. 1, an active inclined single-row pile foundation pit supporting method includes the following steps:
1) driving single-row supporting piles 4 inclined towards the inside of the pit along the inner side of the edge 1 of the foundation pit to a designed elevation of the pile bottom to form the single-row supporting piles, and meanwhile, arranging a waterproof curtain behind the single-row supporting piles;
2) a jack 5 is arranged at the pile top of each single-row supporting pile 4;
3) arranging crown beams 2 on the single-row support piles, and connecting all the single-row support piles 4 into a whole by adopting the crown beams 2;
4) excavating the soil body surrounded by the single-row supporting piles to the designed elevation of the pit bottom, and applying a controlled expansion force to the single-row supporting piles 4 by using the jacks 5 arranged in the step 2) in the excavating process or before excavating so as to reduce the displacement of the soil body and the pile tops.
The invention relates to an improvement of a common pile row support, wherein an inclined single row pile is used for replacing a vertical row pile, the pile row of the foundation pit support is integrally inclined to the inner side of a foundation pit by a certain angle according to calculation and site conditions, and a jack is arranged at the pile top for applying axial control force to a pile body.
The basic principle of the invention is as follows:
on one hand, as is well known, a slope is more stable when the slope is small than when the slope is large, and is less prone to toppling and overall stability damage. Similarly, a slope with a certain slope is more stable than a vertical slope, so that the supporting is simpler and the requirement on a supporting structure is lower. The method is based on the thought, and adopts the row piles with certain inclination to support the foundation pit under the condition of permission of the site. Meanwhile, when the foundation pit is supported by the inclined piles, the wedge body with the sliding tendency behind the piles is smaller than the wedge body when the piles are vertical, and the reason is that the slope of the wedge body behind the piles is partially reduced. Therefore, the acting force of the soil body on the pile can be greatly reduced, and the displacement of the pile top and the stress of the pile body can be greatly reduced.
On the other hand, in the process of excavation of the deep foundation pit, the deformation of the surrounding soil body can be caused due to the change of the displacement field and the stress field, so that the displacement of the soil body and the pile top is overlarge, and if a thrust can be applied to the pile body, the thrust direction is opposite to the displacement direction of the soil body and the pile top, the displacement can be effectively limited. The method is based on the thought, the jack is arranged on the pile top, the axial control expansion force is applied to the pile body through the jack, so that the horizontal thrust component can be generated, the jack is utilized to effectively control the displacement of the soil body and the pile top in real time, and the displacement is reduced to a great extent.
Theoretically, the larger the inclination of the pile, the smaller the stress of the pile and the displacement of the pile top, and thus the more economical, the inclination of the pile cannot be increased without limit because there may not be enough space to make the inclination of the pile too large due to the limitation of the construction site, and on the other hand, when the inclination of the pile is large, the pile below the foundation pit depth may affect the construction of the pile foundation due to extending below the inner space of the foundation pit. In addition, the length of the pile is increased due to the inclination of the pile, the economical efficiency caused by the reduction of the strength of the pile body is offset, and the construction difficulty of the single-row support pile is increased. Therefore, in the actual application process of the inclined pile support, the inclination of the inclined pile support is determined by fully considering various factors.
Under the same condition, the invention can reduce the inclination angle of the single-row supporting pile, shorten the pile length of the single-row supporting pile, shorten the pile spacing and reduce the pile diameter. Before construction, the optimal single-row support pile inclination angle is determined according to site conditions and calculation analysis, and the pile length and the pile body strength are designed. The invention is only suitable for the cantilever pile supporting mode. The invention recommends that the inclination angle of the single-row support piles 4 is more than 0 degree and less than or equal to 30 degrees; the pile bottom depth of the single-row support piles 4 is 2-2.5 times of the excavation depth of the foundation pit; the pile spacing of the single-row support piles is 2-2.5 times of the pile diameter; the diameter of the single-row support piles 4 is 300-600 mm.
The specific construction method of the invention comprises the following steps:
firstly), the single-row supporting piles 4 are driven into the prefabricated piles by a pile jumping construction method, and the prefabricated piles are pressed into the next prefabricated pile at intervals of 1-2 piles. And arranging a cement mixing pile waterproof curtain at a position 0.2L away from the top of the single-row supporting pile (L is the pile length of the single-row supporting pile), wherein the pile bottom elevation of the mixing pile of the waterproof curtain is the same as the pile bottom elevation of the single-row supporting pile.
The construction method of the waterproof curtain of the cement mixing pile comprises the following steps:
1) positioning: and the deep mixer reaches the designated pile position and is centered.
2) Pre-stirring and sinking: after the cooling water circulation of the deep layer stirrer is normal, starting a stirrer motor, and loosening a sling of the stirrer to enable the stirrer to stir along the guide frame, cut soil and sink.
3) Preparing cement paste: when the deep layer stirrer sinks to a certain depth, the cement paste is stirred according to the mixing ratio determined by the design, and the cement paste is poured into the collecting hopper before grouting.
4) Lifting, spraying and stirring: after the deep mixer sinks to the design degree of depth, open the mortar pump and impress grout into the ground, and spout thick liquid, rotatory simultaneously, strictly according to the lifting speed who designs and confirm promotes deep mixer.
5) Repeating the upper stirring and the lower stirring: when the deep-layer stirring machine is lifted to the top surface elevation of the designed depth, the cement slurry in the collecting hopper is just emptied. In order to stir the soft soil and the cement paste uniformly, the stirrer can be rotated and sunk into the soil again, and the stirrer is lifted out of the ground after the designed reinforcing depth is reached.
6) Cleaning: and (4) cleaning residual cement paste in all pipelines, and cleaning soft soil adhered to the stirring head.
7) And (3) shifting: and moving the deep layer stirring machine to the next pile position, and repeating the steps.
And secondly) arranging a jack 5 on the pile top of each single-row supporting pile 4, connecting a jack control circuit to a field construction control center, and controlling the displacement of the pile body through the jack at any time by detecting the displacement of the soil body and the pile top.
Thirdly), arranging crown beams 2 on the single-row supporting piles 4, and connecting all the single-row supporting piles 4 into a whole by adopting the crown beams 2; the width of the crown beam 2 is recommended to be more than or equal to the pile diameter or the pile section side length (square pile) of the single-row support piles 4, and the height of the crown beam is recommended to be more than or equal to 0.6 time of the pile diameter (round pile) or 0.6 time of the pile section side length (square pile) of the single-row support piles; the better design is as follows: the two sides of the crown beam 2 along the width direction are respectively expanded to 1/2 pile diameters (round piles) or 1/2 pile section side lengths (square piles). The construction of the crown beam 2:
1) the method comprises the steps of excavating the earthwork of the crown beam in a mechanical partition mode, excavating a first layer of earthwork to a designed pile top elevation of a single-row support pile, removing residual soil, then beginning to remove pile head floating slurry to the designed elevation, chiseling concrete on the top surface of a pile core, removing pile top floating slag, and if the strength of the pile head concrete at the designed elevation does not meet the design requirement, continuously removing until the concrete quality meets the design requirement, and pouring the crown beam concrete at the section with insufficient elevation for forming.
2) And (5) manually leveling the soil between the piles to the elevation of the bottom of the crown beam, and compacting by tamping.
3) And (4) after the pile head is broken, manufacturing the steel bars according to the section bar of the crown beam. And the blanking and binding errors of the reinforcing steel bars are ensured to meet the requirements of design and construction specifications.
4) And checking the elevation of the crown beam and installing a template. The formwork support is required to ensure the stability and firmness of the formwork to prevent the deformation of the formwork when concrete is poured, and the size of the section of the formwork is manufactured according to the section of the crown beam.
5) And finishing the reinforcing steel bar engineering. The longitudinal bars are preferably HRB335 grade or HRB400 grade steel bars, and the stirrups and the tie bars are HPB300 grade and HRB335 grade steel bars.
6) And finishing concrete pouring and maintenance. The concrete strength grade should not be lower than C25, and the single row of fender pile owner muscle anchor in the crown beam should not be less than 35d (d is the reinforcing bar diameter).
Fourthly) excavating the soil body surrounded by the single-row supporting piles to the designed elevation of the pit bottom 3, and applying a control expansion force to the single-row supporting piles by adopting the jack arranged in the step 2) in the excavating process or before excavating so as to reduce the displacement of the soil body and the pile tops. Two methods of 'control before excavation' and 'excavation while control' can be adopted, wherein the first method is to apply control pre-expansion force to the pile body firstly and then excavate the soil body; the second method is that in each stage of the excavation process, the controlled expansion force is applied according to the displacement of the soil body and the pile top, so that the soil body is pre-pushed to a certain extent, and the soil layer can be excavated after being stabilized.
And repeating the construction steps until the foundation pit is excavated to the bottom of the foundation pit.
Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, which are merely illustrative and not restrictive, and those skilled in the art can make many modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. An active inclined single-row pile foundation pit supporting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) driving single row support piles inclined towards the inside of the pit along the inner side of the edge of the foundation pit to a designed elevation of the pile bottom, and meanwhile, arranging a waterproof curtain behind the single row support piles;
2) arranging a jack on the pile top of each single-row support pile;
3) arranging crown beams on the single-row supporting piles, connecting all the single-row supporting piles into a whole by adopting the crown beams, and arranging a jack between the pile top and the crown beams;
4) excavating the soil body surrounded by the single-row supporting piles to the designed elevation of the pit bottom, and applying axial control expansion force to the single-row supporting piles by adopting the jack arranged in the step 2) in the excavating process or before excavating so as to reduce the displacement of the soil body and the pile tops.
2. The active inclined single-row pile foundation pit supporting method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the inclination angle of the single-row supporting pile is greater than 0 degree and less than or equal to 30 degrees.
3. The active inclined single-row pile foundation pit supporting method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the pile bottom depth of the single-row supporting pile is 2-2.5 times of the excavation depth of the foundation pit.
4. The active inclined single-row pile foundation pit supporting method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the pile pitch of the single-row supporting piles is 2-2.5 times of the pile diameter.
5. The active inclined single-row pile foundation pit supporting method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the diameter of the single-row supporting pile is 300-600 mm.
6. The active inclined single-row pile foundation pit supporting method according to claim 1, wherein in step 3), the width of the crown beam is greater than or equal to the pile diameter or the pile section side length of the single-row supporting pile, and the height of the crown beam is greater than or equal to 0.6 times of the pile diameter or 0.6 times of the pile section side length of the single-row supporting pile.
7. The active inclined single row pile foundation pit supporting method of claim 6, wherein in step 3), the two sides of the crown beam along the width direction are respectively expanded to 1/2 pile diameters or 1/2 pile section side lengths.
8. The active inclined single-row pile foundation pit supporting method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the single-row supporting piles are pressed in by a jump pile construction method, and the next pile is pressed in at intervals of 1-2 piles.
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| CN107620309A (en) * | 2017-07-27 | 2018-01-23 | 天津大学 | Foundation pit supporting method |
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Application publication date: 20190308 Assignee: ZHONGYAN TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Assignor: Tianjin University Contract record no.: X2022980012096 Denomination of invention: Active inclined single row pile foundation pit support method Granted publication date: 20210406 License type: Common License Record date: 20220810 |
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