CN109435758A - Battery equalization method, system, vehicle, storage medium and electronic equipment - Google Patents

Battery equalization method, system, vehicle, storage medium and electronic equipment Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109435758A
CN109435758A CN201710773508.9A CN201710773508A CN109435758A CN 109435758 A CN109435758 A CN 109435758A CN 201710773508 A CN201710773508 A CN 201710773508A CN 109435758 A CN109435758 A CN 109435758A
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China
Prior art keywords
battery
single battery
equalized
voltage
value
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CN201710773508.9A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN109435758B (en
Inventor
罗红斌
王超
沈晓峰
曾求勇
刘苑红
张祥
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BYD Co Ltd
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BYD Co Ltd
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H02J7/0019—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using switched or multiplexed charge circuits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/547—Voltage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Abstract

This disclosure relates to a kind of battery equalization method, system, vehicle, storage medium and electronic equipment, the described method includes: obtaining the electric quantity change rate value of each single battery according to the battery information of each single battery of the battery pack obtained in the sampling periods of unit period；According to the electric quantity change rate value of each single battery, reference electric quantity rate of change value is determined；According to the electric quantity change rate value of the single battery to be equalized in the battery pack and the reference electric quantity rate of change value, determine that the balanced duty ratio of the single battery to be equalized, the equilibrium duty ratio are the ratio of the duration of the balancing period and the duration of the unit period；According to the balanced duty ratio, the equilibrium of the single battery to be equalized is controlled in the balancing period of the unit period.By the disclosure, battery information acquisition and balanced timesharing are carried out, thus the battery information acquired is more accurate, and portfolio effect is preferable；And carried out in equilibrium according to its balanced duty ratio, equalization efficiency can be improved.

Description

Battery equalization method, system, vehicle, storage medium and electronic equipment
Technical field
This disclosure relates to control technology field, and in particular, to a kind of battery equalization method, system, vehicle, storage medium And electronic equipment.
Background technique
The large-capacity battery for providing power source for electric car is commonly referred to as power battery.Vehicular dynamic battery generally by Multiple single batteries are composed in series a module.With the use of battery, the otherness between each single battery is gradually expanded, monomer Consistency is poor between battery, and due to the short -board effect of battery, battery capacity performance is restricted, and prevents battery capacity from abundant It plays, the whole capacity of battery pack is caused to reduce.On the other hand, it after the otherness between each single battery is gradually expanded, will make At certain single battery overcharges, certain single battery overdischarge influence battery life, damage battery, but also there may be A large amount of heat causes cells burst or explosion.
Therefore, effective balanced management is carried out to electric automobile power battery, is conducive to improve each electricity in power battery pack The consistency in pond reduces the capacitance loss of battery, extends the service life and electric car continual mileage of battery, has very heavy The meaning wanted.
Currently, carrying out balanced management to power battery pack, first have to determine to need from power battery pack to carry out balanced Single battery, it is therefore desirable to the battery information of single battery each in power battery pack is acquired in real time, then basis Battery information is balanced to determine which single battery needs progress, and then the single battery progress equilibrium to equilibrium is needed.However, Such mode is also carrying out equilibrium it is possible that while acquiring battery information, this would potentially result in battery letter of acquisition Breath inaccuracy, and then cause portfolio effect poor.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of this disclosure is to provide a kind of battery equalization method, system, vehicle, storage medium and electronic equipment, with gram Take problem present in the relevant technologies.
To achieve the goals above, in a first aspect, the disclosure provides a kind of battery equalization method, which comprises
According to the battery information of each single battery of the battery pack obtained in the sampling periods of unit period, each monomer is obtained The electric quantity change rate value of battery, the unit period include the sampling periods and balancing period；
According to the electric quantity change rate value of each single battery, reference electric quantity rate of change value is determined；
According to the electric quantity change rate value of the single battery to be equalized in the battery pack and the reference electric quantity change rate Value determines the balanced duty ratio of the single battery to be equalized, duration and institute of the equilibrium duty ratio for the balancing period State the ratio of the duration of unit period；
According to the balanced duty ratio, the equal of the single battery to be equalized is controlled in the balancing period of the unit period Weighing apparatus.
Second aspect, the disclosure provide a kind of battery equalization system, the system comprises: balance module, acquisition module with And control module；
The acquisition module, under the control of the control module, in the sampling periods of unit period, acquisition to be electric The battery information of each single battery of pond group；
The control module, the electricity of each single battery of the battery pack for being obtained in the sampling periods according to unit period Pond information, obtains the electric quantity change rate value of each single battery, and the unit period includes the sampling periods and balancing period；Root According to the electric quantity change rate value of each single battery, reference electric quantity rate of change value is determined；According to the monomer to be equalized in the battery pack The electric quantity change rate value of battery and the reference electric quantity rate of change value, determine the balanced duty of the single battery to be equalized Than the equilibrium duty ratio is the ratio of the duration of the balancing period and the duration of the unit period；According to the equilibrium Duty ratio controls the equilibrium of the single battery to be equalized in the balancing period of the unit period；
The balance module, it is balanced for being carried out under the control of the control module to corresponding single battery.
The third aspect, the disclosure provide a kind of vehicle, including battery equalization system described in above-mentioned second aspect.
Fourth aspect, the disclosure provide a kind of computer readable storage medium, are stored thereon with computer program instructions, should Method described in above-mentioned first aspect is realized when program instruction is executed by processor.
5th aspect, the disclosure provide a kind of electronic equipment, comprising:
Computer readable storage medium described in fourth aspect；And
One or more processor, for executing the program in the computer readable storage medium.
Through the above technical solutions, battery information acquisition and balanced timesharing carry out, thus the battery information acquired is compared with subject to Really, portfolio effect is preferable；On the other hand, after the balanced duty ratio of single battery to be equalized has been determined, according to its balanced duty Than in the case where unit period setting, the duration of control acquisition period and the duration of balancing period improve balanced effect to realize Rate reduces balanced cost.
Other feature and advantage of the disclosure will the following detailed description will be given in the detailed implementation section.
Detailed description of the invention
Attached drawing is and to constitute part of specification for providing further understanding of the disclosure, with following tool Body embodiment is used to explain the disclosure together, but does not constitute the limitation to the disclosure.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the battery equalization system of one embodiment of the disclosure；
Fig. 2 is the signal that two single batteries of one embodiment of the disclosure share the battery equalization system of a balance module Figure；
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the battery equalization system of another embodiment of the disclosure；
Fig. 4 is that two single batteries of another embodiment of the disclosure share showing for the battery equalization system of a balance module It is intended to；
Fig. 5 is the flow diagram of the battery equalization method of one embodiment of the disclosure；
Fig. 6 is that the balanced duty ratio of the single battery to be equalized of one embodiment of the disclosure determines flow diagram；
Fig. 7 is the voltage difference schematic diagram of the single battery and reference battery to be equalized of one embodiment of the disclosure；
Fig. 8 is the voltage difference schematic diagram of the single battery and reference battery to be equalized of another embodiment of the disclosure；
Fig. 9 is voltage value and reference voltage value of one embodiment of the disclosure according to single battery to be equalized, is determined to be equalized The flow diagram of the balanced duty ratio of single battery；
Figure 10 is the open-circuit voltage OCV- remaining capacity SOC curve of the single battery of one embodiment of the disclosure；
Figure 11 is the schematic diagram of the internal resistance of cell model of one embodiment of the disclosure；
Figure 12 is voltage value and reference voltage value of another embodiment of the disclosure according to single battery to be equalized, is determined to equal The flow diagram of the balanced duty ratio of weighing apparatus single battery；
Figure 13 is the determination flow diagram of the single battery to be equalized of one embodiment of the disclosure；Figure 14 is that the disclosure one is real Apply the flow diagram for determining single battery to be equalized in example according to voltage；
Figure 15 is the schematic diagram of the balance module of one embodiment of the disclosure；
Figure 16 is the flow diagram of the balancing procedure of one embodiment of the disclosure；
Figure 17 is the flow diagram that the balanced duration of one embodiment of the disclosure obtains；
Figure 18 is the adjustment schematic diagram of the balanced duty ratio of one embodiment of the disclosure.
Specific embodiment
It is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiment of the attached drawing to the disclosure.It should be understood that this place is retouched The specific embodiment stated is only used for describing and explaining the disclosure, is not limited to the disclosure.
It is the schematic diagram of the battery equalization system of one embodiment of the disclosure referring to Fig. 1.The battery equalization system includes: control Molding block 101, acquisition module 102, balance module 103 and battery pack 104.
In one embodiment, all corresponding acquisition module 102 of every section single battery and a balance module 103.It is right Different control channel and control module 101 should be passed through respectively in the acquisition module 102 and balance module 103 of same single battery Connection.Control module may include control chip, control chip by two pins respectively with correspond to same single battery and adopting Collection module is connected with balance module, and two pins and two channels correspond.
In this embodiment, control module 101 controls acquisition module 102 and 103 timesharing of balance module according to unit period Conducting carries out the acquisition of battery information and the equilibrium of battery respectively, so that battery information acquisition and balanced timesharing carry out.Avoid electricity When pond information collection and equilibrium carry out simultaneously, the influence for the precision that euqalizing current acquires battery information.
In one embodiment, shown in Figure 1, each single battery in battery respectively with an acquisition module 102 and The connection of one balance module 103.If battery pack includes N number of single battery, acquisition module 102 be it is N number of, balance module 103 is N It is a, as a result, control module 101 by 2 × N number of control channel, connect respectively with each acquisition module and each balance module.
In further embodiments, different single batteries can share balance module, for example, N number of monomer in battery pack Battery, can share the same balance module or every preset quantity (for example, 2,3 or 5 etc.) a single battery shares one Balance module etc..When thering are at least two section single batteries to need balanced in the more piece single battery for sharing a balance module, In the balancing period of unit period, every section single battery in the balance module at least two section single batteries balanced with needs is handed over For connection.
Referring to fig. 2, two single batteries share a balance module, when the two section single batteries for sharing a balance module When being required to equilibrium, in the balancing period of unit period, which replaces connection with every section single battery.Alternately connect It can be the connection according to certain period alternately.111 institute of a single battery for example, with reference to Fig. 2, in two section single batteries When paralleling switch 150 in corresponding parallel branch 15 is closed 2s under the control of control module 14, in two section single batteries Paralleling switch 150 in parallel branch 15 corresponding to another single battery 111 disconnects 2s under the control of control module 14. That is the paralleling switch 150 in the corresponding parallel branch 15 of each single battery 111 in two section single batteries, in balancing period It is interior, it just was switched to off-state from closed state every two seconds, or be switched to closed state from off-state.It is adopting as a result, On the basis of collecting module and balance module timesharing conducting, in balancing period, the single battery alternating of same balance module is shared Connect with the shared balance module, realize balanced.
It is the structural schematic diagram of the battery equalization system of another embodiment of the disclosure referring to Fig. 3.
The battery equalization system includes: control module 301, acquisition module 302, balance module 303 and battery pack 304.Its In, battery pack 304 includes multiple concatenated single batteries.Control module 301 by control channel 305 with corresponding to same The acquisition module 302 and balance module 303 of single battery connect.Control module is used to determine the list connecting with the control module When body battery does not need to carry out equilibrium, control control module is connected with corresponding sampling module；Alternatively, control module is also used to Determine that acquisition module and balance module are according to unit period point when needing progress balanced with the single battery that the control module connects When multiplex channel 305.
One unit period includes: acquisition period and balancing period.Control module 301 controls acquisition module 302, is acquiring The battery information of single battery is sampled in period, to obtain the battery information of single battery.Battery information includes at least One of: voltage, electric current and temperature etc..In one embodiment, battery information can only include voltage value, as a result, The voltage performance parameter of single battery can be obtained.In another embodiment, battery information can also include voltage value, electric current simultaneously Value and temperature value etc., can be obtained the performance parameters such as SOC, internal resistance, the self-discharge rate of single battery as a result,.
Control module 301 determines according to the battery information for the single battery that acquisition module 302 acquires and needs to carry out equilibrium Single battery to be equalized.For needing to open balanced single battery to be equalized, the control of control module 301 and the list to be equalized The corresponding balance module of body battery carries out the single battery to be equalized balanced in balancing period.
As a result, in the embodiments of the present disclosure, the same control channel, control module are shared between acquisition module and balance module Acquisition module and balance module are controlled, according to the unit period time-sharing multiplex control channel, avoids battery information acquisition and When weighing while carrying out, the influence for the precision that euqalizing current acquires battery information；On the other hand, shown in FIG. 1 compared to above-mentioned Embodiment reduces the number of channels requirement to control module chip, can save hardware cost.
In one embodiment, in the shared control channel of acquisition module and balance module, it is provided with a switch K, is controlled Molding block 301 is connect with switch K, and by control switch K, realizes that timesharing is connect with acquisition module 302 or balance module 303. When switch K is connect with acquisition module 302, control module 301 controls acquisition module 302, in collection period, to single battery Carry out the acquisition of battery information；When switch K is connect with balance module 303, control module 301 controls 303 pairs of institutes of balance module Corresponding single battery carries out balanced.
As a result, by that will switch setting between control module and acquisition module, balance module, the control module can be with It by the state of regulating switch, is not sampled when having the function that acquisition and equilibrium, and can be realized equilibrium, when sampling is unbalanced Effect, so that euqalizing current will not influence cell voltage, thus precision when improving battery voltage sampling.
In one embodiment, shown in Figure 3, each single battery in battery respectively with an acquisition module 302 and The connection of one balance module 303.If battery pack includes N number of single battery, acquisition module 302 be it is N number of, balance module 303 is N A, control module 301 is connect with acquisition module and balance module respectively by N number of control channel as a result,.
In the embodiment of the disclosure, acquisition module and balance module corresponding to same single battery share control module A control channel so that the port number of required control module is reduced, and then reduce the port number to control module chip Amount requires.
For example, in above-mentioned embodiment shown in FIG. 1, acquisition module, balance module pass through respectively a control channel with When control module is connected, N number of single battery is corresponding with 2N control channel.And in the embodiment, same single battery is adopted Collection module and balance module share a control channel and connect with control module, and N number of single battery is corresponding with N number of control channel, So as to reduce the quantity of control channel, reduce the cost of control module.
In above-mentioned embodiment shown in FIG. 1, acquisition module, balance module pass through a control channel and control mould respectively When block is connected, N number of single battery corresponds to 2N control channel, needs to control 2N control channel.The disclosure is same The acquisition module and balance module of single battery share a control channel of control module, and single battery N number of in this way corresponds to N number of Control channel, it is only necessary to N number of control channel be controlled, can simplify control flow in this way, reduce the mistake behaviour of control module Make rate.
In above-mentioned embodiment shown in FIG. 1, acquisition module, balance module pass through a control channel and control mould respectively When block is connected, N number of single battery corresponds to 2N control channel, connects the qualification rate of control module by 2N by control channel The qualification rate of control channel determines.In the embodiment, the acquisition module and balance module of same single battery share control module A control channel, N number of single battery corresponds to N number of control channel, connects the qualification rate of control module by N by control channel The qualification rate of a control channel determines, multiple single batteries in whole system can be improved in this way and controlled by control channel connection Total qualification rate of module, and then improve the qualification rate of battery equalization system.
In further embodiments, different single batteries can share balance module, for example, N number of monomer in battery pack Battery, can share the same balance module or every preset quantity (for example, 2,3 or 5 etc.) a single battery shares one Balance module etc..When thering are at least two section single batteries to need balanced in the more piece single battery for sharing a balance module, In the balancing period of unit period, every section single battery in the balance module at least two section single batteries balanced with needs is handed over For connection.
In embodiment of the disclosure, battery equalization system includes: battery management controller (battery management Controller, BMC) and multiple battery information collectors (battery information collector, BIC).At one In embodiment, above-mentioned control module is arranged in battery information collector BIC.
In another embodiment, above-mentioned control module includes the first control list being arranged in battery information collector Member, and the second control unit being arranged in battery management controller.Acquisition module is by the first control unit to second Control unit sends the parameter information of single battery in collected battery pack；Wherein, the acquisition module of same single battery and Balance module corresponds to an interface channel of first control unit.
The first control unit can be connected to the acquisition module by controlling the interface channel, and then control institute State the parameter information of single battery in acquisition module acquisition battery pack.Second control unit can also by communication unit to The first control unit sends acquisition instructions, described to be connected to by the first control unit control interface channel Acquisition module.
The first control unit can be connected to the balance module by controlling the interface channel, and then control institute It states balance module and needs to open balanced single battery progress equilibrium treatment to described.The first control unit can will be described The parameter information of the battery pack of Acquisition Circuit acquisition issues second control unit, and second control unit is according to battery pack Parameter information determine and need to open balanced single battery, and sent to the first control unit by communication unit balanced Instruction is connected to the balance module to control the interface channel by the first control unit.
When the acquisition module in battery equalization system is to be collected by first control unit to the transmission of the second control unit Battery pack in single battery parameter information when, corresponding first control of the acquisition module and balance module of same single battery is single One interface channel of member, reduces the quantity in channel needed for first control unit.
The first control unit of battery information collector and the second control unit property of can choose of battery management controller Ground carries out Balance route to the single battery for needing equilibrium.That is, first control unit can control balance module to needing to carry out Balanced single battery carries out equilibrium treatment, and the second control unit also can control balance module to the monomer for needing to carry out equilibrium Battery carries out equilibrium treatment.Wherein, the ginseng for the battery pack that first control unit or the second control unit are acquired according to acquisition module Number information, which determines, to be needed to carry out balanced single battery.
The battery information collector when preset duration does not receive the equalization instruction that the battery management controller is sent, The first control unit receives the parameter information of the battery pack, and determines the electricity according to the parameter information of the battery pack When Chi Zuzhong has single battery to need to open balanced, control balance module carries out at equilibrium to needing to open balanced single battery Reason.
When the battery information collector receives the instruction for being used to indicate the battery information collector progress equilibrium treatment, The first control unit receives the parameter information of the battery pack, and determines the electricity according to the parameter information of the battery pack When Chi Zuzhong has single battery to need to open balanced, control balance module carries out at equilibrium to needing to open balanced single battery Reason.
When the battery information collector receives battery management controller failure message, the first control unit receives institute The parameter information of battery pack is stated, and determining in the battery pack according to the parameter information of the battery pack there are single battery needs to open When opening equilibrium, control balance module carries out equilibrium treatment to needing to open balanced single battery.
Battery information collector and battery management controller can be selected by first control unit and the second control unit Property equal balance system is controlled, in this way can battery information collector and battery management controller alternative one failure or When failure, still guarantee the normal operation of battery equalization system.
Referring to fig. 4, an illustrative diagram of a balance module is shared for two single batteries.When a shared equilibrium When two section single batteries of module are required to equilibrium, in the balancing period of unit period, the balance module and every section monomer electricity Pond alternately connects.Alternately connection can be the connection according to certain period alternately.As a result, in acquisition module and balance module point When conducting on the basis of, in balancing period, share the single battery of the same balance module alternately equilibrium model shared with this Block connection is realized balanced.
In one embodiment, acquisition module can be voltage acquisition chip, for acquiring the period, to the electricity of single battery Pressure is acquired.
In embodiment of the disclosure, unit period has been divided into acquisition period and balancing period, the duration of balancing period with The ratio of the duration of unit period is balanced duty ratio.Battery information acquisition and balanced timesharing carry out, and battery information is avoided to acquire When being carried out simultaneously with equilibrium, the influence for the precision that euqalizing current acquires battery information.The battery balanced side of the embodiment of the present disclosure Method, after needing the balanced duty ratio for carrying out balanced single battery to be equalized to be determined, according still further to determining balanced duty Than the equilibrium for controlling single battery to be equalized, to improve equalization efficiency, balanced cost is saved.
Referring to Fig. 5, based on battery equalization system shown in above-mentioned Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 or Fig. 4 any embodiment, the disclosure one The battery equalization method of embodiment includes:
In step s 51, believed according to the battery of each single battery of the battery pack obtained in the sampling periods of unit period Breath, obtains the electric quantity change rate value of each single battery, the unit period includes the sampling periods and balancing period.
In embodiment of the disclosure, when initial, for example, when battery pack is just started to charge or discharged, when being acquired for the first time, The balanced duty ratio of each single battery, determines unit week when can stop working according to initial equalization duty ratio or last battery pack The duration of the acquisition period of phase and the duration of balancing period, and the battery information of each single battery is acquired in the acquisition period.One In a embodiment, initial equalization duty ratio may be configured as 0, i.e., is only acquired.
When according to subsequent method, it is determined that equal according to what is newly determined after the balanced duty ratio of single battery to be equalized Weigh duty ratio, determines the duration of the acquisition period of the unit period of single battery to be equalized and the duration of balancing period.For not It needs to carry out balanced single battery, according to determining balanced duty ratio when the equilibrium of single battery last time or can preset equal Weigh accounting ratio, determines the duration of the acquisition period of unit period and the duration of balancing period, acquires battery information in the acquisition period, But in balancing period and without equilibrium.
In one embodiment, the electric quantity change rate value of each single battery includes: in acquisition battery pack
In the charging process of the battery pack, the voltage for obtaining each single battery rises a unit from initial end voltage The electricity being filled with needed for voltage (for example, 1V)；
To each single battery in the battery pack, determine that the electric quantity change rate value of the single battery is the single battery The ratio of the value of the value and unit voltage of the required electricity being filled with；Alternatively,
In the discharge process of the battery pack, the voltage for obtaining each single battery declines a unit from initial end voltage Voltage reduction electricity；
To each single battery in the battery pack, determine that the electric quantity change rate value of the single battery is the single battery The value of the value of the electricity of reduction and the unit voltage ratio.
During the charge or discharge of battery pack, the voltage and electric quantity change situation of single battery are recorded, thus, it is possible to According to voltage and electric quantity change situation, the electric quantity change rate of single battery is got according to the method described above.
Since under different SOC states, the voltage of battery is different with the change rate of capacity.Therefore, according to the electricity of battery The difference condition of quantitative change rate can identify SOC state difference locating for each single battery, and then identify each single battery Consistent sex differernce, to carry out the determination of the balanced duty ratio of single battery to be equalized.
In step S52, according to the electric quantity change rate value of each single battery, reference electric quantity rate of change value is determined.
Reference voltage rate of change value can be maximum value, minimum value or average in the electric quantity change rate value of a single battery Value.
In step S53, according to the electric quantity change rate value and the ginseng of the single battery to be equalized in the battery pack Electric quantity change rate value is examined, the balanced duty ratio of the single battery to be equalized is determined, when the equilibrium duty ratio is described balanced The ratio of the duration of the duration and unit period of section.
In step S54, according to balanced duty ratio, the equal of single battery to be equalized is controlled in the balancing period of unit period Weighing apparatus.
Referring to Fig. 6, in an embodiment of the disclosure, step S53 includes:
In step S61, by the difference of electric quantity change rate value in the battery pack and reference electric quantity rate of change value minimum Single battery be determined as reference battery.
In step S61, judge single battery to be equalized initial end voltage and reference battery initial end voltage whether It is identical.
In step S63, when the initial end voltage of the single battery to be equalized and the initial end electricity of the reference battery When pressing not identical, according to the initial end voltage of the initial end voltage of the single battery to be equalized and the reference battery, determine The balanced duty ratio of the single battery to be equalized.
In embodiment of the disclosure, initial end voltage is the voltage detected when battery pack is just started to charge or discharged, Or the voltage of single battery that detects of detection moment in a certain setting.
Referring to Fig. 7, when the initial end voltage of the initial end voltage of single battery to be equalized and reference battery has differences, Single battery is in the different sections SOC, changes identical voltage, and the required electricity for being filled with or releasing is different.It therefore, can be according to two sections The initial end voltage of single battery determines the electricity difference of two section single batteries, and then poor according to the electricity of two section single batteries It is different, determine the balanced duty ratio of single battery to be equalized.
In step S64, when the initial end voltage of the single battery to be equalized and the initial end electricity of the reference battery When pressing identical, the electricity that is filled with needed for rising a unit voltage from initial end voltage according to the voltage of the single battery to be equalized The voltage of amount and the reference battery rises the electricity being filled with needed for a unit voltage from initial end voltage, determines described to equal The balanced duty ratio of weighing apparatus single battery；Alternatively, declining one from initial end voltage according to the voltage of the single battery to be equalized Unit voltage the voltage of the electricity of reduction and the reference battery decline what a unit voltage was reduced from initial end voltage Electricity determines the balanced duty ratio of the single battery to be equalized.
Referring to Fig. 8, when difference is not present in the initial end voltage of single battery to be equalized and reference battery, single battery Voltage change ratio mainly by charge or discharge during, voltage change speed difference caused by.It therefore, can be according to be equalized The electric quantity change value of single battery and the electric quantity change value of reference battery, determine the balanced duty ratio of single battery to be equalized.
Referring to Fig. 9, in one embodiment, above-mentioned steps S63 includes:
In step S91, according to the initial terminal voltage value of reference battery and the OCV-SOC curve of reference battery, determine with Corresponding first SOC value of the initial terminal voltage value of reference battery.
In one embodiment, according to the initial terminal voltage value of reference battery and the internal resistance value of reference battery, reference is determined The reference OCV value of battery.It, will be true with reference to the corresponding SOC value of OCV value according to reference OCV value and the OCV-SOC curve of reference battery It is set to the first SOC value.
In step S92, according to the initial terminal voltage value of the single battery to be equalized and the single battery to be equalized Corresponding OCV-SOC curve determines second SOC value corresponding with the initial terminal voltage value of the single battery to be equalized.
In one embodiment, according to the internal resistance of the initial terminal voltage value of single battery to be equalized and single battery to be equalized Value, determines the OCV value of single battery to be equalized.According to OCV value and the OCV-SOC curve of single battery to be equalized, by OCV value pair The SOC value answered is determined as the second SOC value.
In step S93, according to first SOC value and second SOC value, the single battery to be equalized is determined Balanced duty ratio.
It is the open-circuit voltage OCV- remaining capacity SOC curve of the single battery of one embodiment of the disclosure referring to Figure 10.
Hereinafter, the process of SOC value will be obtained in conjunction with Figure 11 and formula (1) description by voltage value and internal resistance value:
It,, will using internal resistance of cell model when battery pack is in discharge condition or charged state referring to Figure 11 and formula (1) Single battery is equivalent to ideal voltage source and connects with resistance R.Then for a single battery, sampling can be obtained according to formula (1) The voltage value V of the single batteryL(i.e. load voltage values) are converted to open-circuit voltage values:
OCV=VL+I×R (1)
Wherein, VLTo acquire in the period, the collected load voltage values of acquisition module；I is acquisition module in the acquisition period Collected discharge current or charging current；R is the internal resistance value of single battery.
The internal resistance value of single battery can be preset.Or the internal resistance value of single battery can be for according to the voltage of single battery It is determined with capacity.For example, determining the interior of single battery according to the corresponding relationship of the voltage of single battery, capacity and internal resistance value Resistance value.It should be understood that other battery models also can be used, such as: Thevenin (Dai Weinan) model, PNGV (partnership for A new generation of vehicles, young mobile partner program) model etc., it realizes collected monomer The load voltage of battery is converted to open-circuit voltage.
After getting the open-circuit voltage (OCV) of single battery, according to the OCV-SOC curve of the single battery, it can be obtained The corresponding SOC value of the single battery.
It should be understood that OCV-SOC curve shown in Fig. 10 also can be exchanged into the mapping table of OCV and SOC, an OCV value pair Answer a SOC value or the corresponding SOC value of an OCV range.
In one embodiment of the present disclosure, OCV-SOC curve or OCV-SOC mapping table, but it is obtained by measurement It gets.For example, for a certain single battery, during variation between its SOC value is from 0 to 100%, at interval of certain SOC value then measures the open-circuit voltage OCV of one-shot battery, the OCV for then answering each pair of point and SOC one-to-one correspondence, forms the list The SOC-OCV curve or OCV-SOC mapping table of body battery.
It should be understood that can first acquire the load voltage of single battery when measurement open-circuit voltage OCV, then turned according to formula (1) It is changed to corresponding open-circuit voltage OCV.
As a result, can according to reference voltage value, the internal resistance value of reference battery and the corresponding OCV-SOC curve of reference battery, Get the first SOC value of reference battery.According to the internal resistance value of the voltage value of single battery to be equalized, single battery to be equalized with And the corresponding OCV-SOC curve of single battery to be equalized, get the second SOC value of single battery to be equalized.
Next, determining that electricity is poor according to formula (2):
Δ Q=Δ SOC × Cn (2)
Wherein, Δ Q is that electricity is poor, SOC difference of the Δ SOC between the first SOC value and the second SOC value, CnIt is to be equalized The active volume of single battery.
The balanced duty ratio of single battery to be equalized is determined according to formula (3):
τ=(Δ Q/I)/t (3)
Wherein, t is the default balanced duration of single battery to be equalized, and I is the default euqalizing current of single battery to be equalized, τ is balanced duty ratio.Default euqalizing current, can according to the resistance value of the resistance of balance module, the available electric current of generator etc. come It determines, or is set according to practical equalization requirement.
Referring to Figure 12, in one embodiment, above-mentioned steps S64 includes:
In step S121, a unit voltage is risen from initial end voltage according to the voltage of the single battery to be equalized The voltage of the required electricity being filled with and the reference battery rises the electricity being filled with needed for a unit voltage from initial end voltage Or according to the voltage of the single battery to be equalized from initial end voltage decline a unit voltage the electricity of reduction and described The voltage of reference battery from initial end voltage decline unit voltage reduction electricity, determine the battery to be balanced and institute The electricity for stating reference battery is poor.
If it is Q1 that single battery to be equalized, which rises the electricity being filled with needed for a unit voltage from initial end voltage, with reference to electricity Pond from initial end voltage rise a unit voltage needed for the electricity that is filled be Q2, then single battery and reference battery to be equalized Electricity difference Δ Q is | Q1-Q2 |.Likewise, if being subtracted if single battery to be equalized declines a unit voltage from initial end voltage Few electricity is Q3, reference battery from initial end voltage decline unit voltage the electricity of reduction be Q4, then list to be equalized The electricity difference Δ Q of body battery and reference battery is | Q3-Q4 |.
In step S122, default balanced duration poor according to electricity and default euqalizing current determine the list to be equalized The balanced duty ratio of body battery.
In one embodiment, the balanced duty ratio of the single battery to be equalized is determined according to τ=(Δ Q/I)/t, In, t is the default balanced duration of the single battery to be equalized, and I is the default euqalizing current of the single battery to be equalized, τ For the balanced duty ratio.
After the balanced duty ratio of single battery to be equalized has been determined, according to its balanced duty ratio, set in unit period In the case where, the duration of control acquisition period and the duration of balancing period reduce balanced cost to realize raising equalization efficiency.
It in embodiment of the disclosure, further include needing to carry out equilibrium in determining battery pack before above-mentioned steps S53 Single battery to be equalized.
In an embodiment of the disclosure, according to the performance parameter of single battery each in battery pack, determined from battery pack Single battery to be equalized.Wherein, performance parameter include voltage, SOC, internal resistance, self-discharge rate, voltage change ratio, electric quantity change rate, And at least one of time rate of change.
Single battery to be equalized is determined in the following manner in an embodiment of the disclosure referring to Figure 13:
In step S131, the difference between the performance parameter of at least one single battery and the reference value of performance parameter is determined Value.
In step S132, by the difference at least one single battery, between performance parameter and the reference value of performance parameter Value is greater than or equal to be determined as needing to carry out balanced single battery to be equalized with the balanced single battery for opening threshold value.
It should be understood that balanced unlatching threshold value is corresponding with performance parameter.
As described above, when performance parameter is voltage, the step of above-mentioned determination single battery to be equalized, referring to Figure 14:
In step s 141, the voltage difference between the voltage value of at least one single battery and reference voltage value is determined.
In step S142, by least one single battery, the voltage difference of voltage value and reference voltage value be greater than or It is determined as needing to carry out balanced single battery to be equalized equal to the balanced single battery for opening threshold value.
When the minimum value in the voltage value that reference voltage value is each single battery, step S141 includes:
The voltage value of the maximum single battery of voltage value in battery pack is compared with reference voltage value；Or by battery The voltage value of other monomers battery in group in addition to voltage value is the single battery of minimum value is compared with reference voltage value.
It is subsequent to determining monomer to be equalized electricity when the minimum value in the voltage value that reference voltage value is each single battery The equilibrium treatment in pond are as follows: control the single battery electric discharge to be equalized, execute passive balanced.
When the maximum value in the voltage value that reference voltage value is each single battery, step S141 includes:
The voltage value of the smallest single battery of voltage value in battery pack is compared with reference voltage value；Or by battery The voltage value of other monomers battery in group in addition to voltage value is the single battery of maximum value is compared with reference voltage value.
It is subsequent to determining monomer to be equalized electricity when the maximum value in the voltage value that reference voltage value is each single battery The equilibrium treatment in pond are as follows: control the single battery charging to be equalized, execute active equalization.
When the average value for the voltage value that reference voltage value is each single battery, step S141 includes:
The voltage value of single battery each in battery pack is compared with reference voltage value respectively.
It is subsequent to determining single battery to be equalized when the average value for the voltage value that reference voltage value is each single battery Equilibrium treatment are as follows: control voltage value be less than reference voltage value single battery charge, execute active equalization；It is big to control voltage value It discharges, executes passive balanced in the single battery of reference voltage value.
It should be understood that referring to following table 1, when performance parameter is respectively SOC, internal resistance, self-discharge rate, voltage change ratio, electricity When change rate or time rate of change, the mapping table of equilibrium judgement and balanced way.
Wherein, the self-discharge rate of single battery, for characterizing the capacitance loss situation and capacitance loss rate of single battery. In one embodiment, when battery pack stops working and reaches stable state (t1 moment), it detects and records power battery pack The open-circuit voltage values V1 of each single battery；When battery pack is again started up the moment (t2 moment) of start-up operation, detects and record dynamic The open-circuit voltage values V2 of each single battery of power battery pack；According to each single battery open-circuit voltage values detected twice, calculate The self-discharge rate η of each single battery out.Open-circuit voltage values can be used formula (1) and be calculated.
The voltage change ratio of single battery can be voltage change ratio of single battery during charging (or electric discharge), that is, Voltage variety when Unit alteration can occur for the specified physical quantity of single battery for the voltage change ratio of single battery.Example Such as, default electricity, the voltage variety dv/dq of single battery are poured or released to single battery in the disclosure；Or to list Body battery carries out charge or discharge preset duration, is illustrated for the voltage variety dv/dt of single battery.
Voltage when for the specified physical quantity of single battery Unit alteration can occur for the electric quantity change rate of single battery becomes Change amount.For example, the electricity poured needed for a unit voltage is risen from initial voltage with the voltage of single battery in the disclosure, or The voltage of single battery from initial voltage decline unit voltage reduction electricity for be illustrated.
Duration needed for for the specified physical quantity of single battery Unit alteration can occur for the time rate of change of single battery. For example, in the disclosure with the voltage of single battery from initial voltage rise a unit voltage needed for charging time or monomer The voltage of battery is illustrated for discharge time needed for initial voltage one unit voltage of decline.
Table 1
As a result, when the performance parameter using different batteries, which carries out equilibrium, to be judged, carried out according to mode corresponding in table 1 Judgement, in conjunction with above-mentioned performance parameter be voltage when judgement process, determine the single battery to be equalized in battery pack.
It is determined in step S132 if should be understood that without needing to carry out balanced single battery, is continued according to next The information for acquiring period acquisition carries out balanced judgement.When the information according to the acquisition of acquisition period, determine equal without needing to carry out When the single battery of weighing apparatus, in balancing period, control module can be without movement, so that the corresponding balance module of any battery is not It is turned on.
In an embodiment of the disclosure, according to the voltage change ratio value of single battery to be equalized and reference voltage change rate The corresponding relationship of the voltage change ratio value difference value of value and preset voltage change ratio value difference value and balanced duty ratio, determine to The balanced duty ratio of balanced single battery.Preset voltage change ratio value difference value can be a pair with the corresponding relationship of balanced duty ratio Answer relation table.
Balancing procedure
It is the schematic diagram of the balance module of one embodiment of the disclosure referring to Figure 15.Single battery to be equalized is controlled in unit The balancing period in period carries out equilibrium, needs that above-mentioned balanced judgement is combined to carry out.The step of being judged according to equilibrium (such as above-mentioned steps Described in S131 and S132) in, determine single battery to be equalized balanced way be it is passive balanced (i.e. to single battery to be equalized into Row electric discharge) or active equalization (charging to single battery to be equalized), and corresponding balance module is connected.
Referring to Figure 15, for passive balanced, balance module includes: a resistance 811, the corresponding equilibrium of each single battery Module, i.e., the both ends of an every section single battery resistance in parallel.
For needing to carry out passive balanced single battery to be equalized, in the balancing period of unit period, control module The shunt circuit conducting between the corresponding resistance of the single battery to be equalized is controlled, to execute to the passive of the single battery It is balanced.Referring to Figure 15, control module is connected by control switch module 812, realizes the corresponding electricity of single battery to be equalized The conducting of shunt circuit between resistance.
Resistance 811 can be fixed value resistance or variable resistance.In one embodiment, resistance 811 can be positive temperature coefficient Thermistor, can variation with temperature and change, the euqalizing current generated when thus adjustable balanced, and then automatically adjust electricity The calorific value of the equal balance system in pond, and finally control effectively to the temperature of battery equalization system.
Referring to Figure 15, for active equalization, balance module includes in parallel with each of battery pack single battery 95 Charging paths 94, charging paths 94 and single battery 95 correspond, and each charging paths 94 are all connected to generator 92, Generator 92 is connect with engine 91 by gear mechanism.
For needing to carry out the single battery to be equalized of active equalization, control module control and the single battery pair to be equalized The charging paths 94 answered are connected.When engine 91 rotates, then generator 92 is driven to generate electricity, thus by 92 electricity amount of generator It is conveyed to single battery to be equalized, increases the electricity of the single battery to be equalized.
Referring to Figure 15, when generator 92 is alternating current generator, balance module further includes and the concatenated rectification of generator 92 Device 93, each charging paths 94 are connected the rectifier 93.It is converted by the alternating current that rectifier 93 issues generator 92 After direct current, generator 92 can be made to can be used in charging to single battery to be equalized.
Referring to Figure 15, control module can by controlling the conducting of corresponding with single battery to be equalized switch 96 so that this to The corresponding charging paths conducting of balanced single battery, executes the active equalization to single battery to be equalized.
In further embodiments, in addition to shown in figure 15, charged using generator to single battery outside, can also lead to The starting battery crossed in vehicle is that single battery to be equalized charges.
It in another embodiment,, can also will be to be equalized outside parallel resistance and single battery to be equalized in addition to shown in figure 15 Single battery is in parallel with the starting battery of vehicle, the electricity that single battery to be equalized is released is filled with starting battery, realization is treated It is effectively avoided energy waste while the equilibrium of balanced single battery.
As described above, in embodiment of the disclosure, multiple single batteries can share a balance module, when one shared When thering are at least two section single batteries to need balanced in the more piece single battery of balance module, in the balancing period of unit period, Every section single battery in the balance module at least two section single batteries balanced with needs alternately connects, and carries out respectively balanced.
In an embodiment of the disclosure, when carrying out balanced to single battery to be equalized according to balanced duty ratio, to make The accumulative balanced duration of single battery to be equalized reaches its default balanced duration.Since the duration of single unit period is limited, because This, may carry out the equilibrium of a single battery to be equalized in the balancing period of one or more unit periods.
Referring to Figure 16, in step S161, control module control needs to carry out the control of balanced single battery to be equalized Channel carries out single battery to be equalized balanced in balancing period.
In step S162, at the end of single balancing period, control module judges the equal of all single batteries to be equalized Whether weighing apparatus is completed, i.e., when whether the accumulative balanced duration of all single batteries to be equalized has reached corresponding default balanced It is long.If the balanced duration of all single batteries to be equalized has reached requirement, S164 is thened follow the steps；If there is any list to be equalized The balanced duration of body battery not up to requires, and thens follow the steps S163.
When carrying out equilibrium treatment to single battery to be equalized in balancing period, when adding up for any single battery to be equalized When balanced duration reaches its corresponding default balanced duration, controls and the equilibrium of the single battery to be equalized is stopped.
In step S163, at the end of single unit period, if the accumulative balanced duration of any single battery to be equalized Not up to its corresponding default balanced duration, then after the sampling periods of next unit period, in balancing period, after Continuous control is not up to the equilibrium of the single battery of balanced duration, and executes step S162.
In step S164, open new round equilibrium judgement, according to the battery information of acquisition period acquisition, judge to need into The balanced single battery to be equalized of row and the balanced duty ratio for determining each single battery to be equalized.
It should be understood that a new round equilibrium judge when, for need carry out equilibrium single battery to be equalized determination with And the determination of the balanced duty ratio to each single battery to be equalized, it can carry out as previously described.
It can be pre- according to practical equalization requirement for the default balanced duration of the single battery to be equalized in above-described embodiment It is set as fixed value, for example, extended expansion situation of change, the equalization function ability of system are wanted at any time according to single battery difference It asks, time for balance is preset as certain fixed value.In addition, can also be according to following modes, according to the single battery to be equalized History equilibrium situation, determine the default balanced duration of the needs of current equalization.
Referring to Figure 17, in step S171, the target component information of battery to be balanced is obtained.Target component includes following ginseng Any one of number: voltage, SOC, internal resistance, self-discharge rate, voltage change ratio, electric quantity change rate and time rate of change.
In step S172, the history equilibrium duration and historical parameter information of single battery to be equalized are obtained, it is described to go through History parameter information is the historical information of target component information.
In step S173, according to target component information, history equilibrium duration and historical parameter information, list to be equalized is determined This balanced required balanced duration of body battery.The equilibrium duration is i.e. as default balanced duration above-mentioned.
In one embodiment, the balanced duration is determined using following formula (4):
Wherein, tkFor the balanced duration；tk-1For the last balanced history equilibrium duration of single battery to be equalized；ΔSk Difference for current time, between the target component of single battery to be equalized and the reference value of target component；ΔSk-1For the last time Balanced moment, the difference between the target component of single battery to be equalized and the reference value of target component；CkFor current time, to The present available capacity of balanced single battery；Ck-1For last balanced moment, the history active volume of single battery to be equalized.
The adjustment of balanced duty ratio
It is based on default balanced electricity according to the balanced duty ratio that above-mentioned formula (3) obtain in an embodiment of the disclosure Stream is preset euqalizing current, can be determined according to the resistance of balance module or the available euqalizing current of transmitter.Practical equal During weighing apparatus, with balanced progress, resistance value of resistance etc. can have an impact euqalizing current.Therefore, referring to Figure 18, at this In a disclosed embodiment, further include the steps that being adjusted balanced duty ratio according to euqalizing current:
In step S181, in the balancing procedure of single battery to be equalized, the equilibrium electricity of single battery to be equalized is obtained Stream.
The acquisition of euqalizing current can be in the following ways: in balanced circuit, sampling resistor of connecting passes through detection The resistance value of the voltage at sampling resistor both ends, voltage value and sampling resistor further according to sampling gets euqalizing current.
In step S182, when euqalizing current is greater than or equal to default euqalizing current, reduce single battery to be equalized Balanced duty ratio；Alternatively, increasing the balanced duty ratio of single battery to be equalized when euqalizing current is less than default euqalizing current. In one embodiment, the balanced duty ratio of single battery to be equalized can be scaled down or increase, for example, determining the equal of acquisition The ratio of weighing apparatus electric current and default euqalizing current, and balanced duty ratio is decreased or increased according to the ratio.
In one embodiment, can basis euqalizing current and above-mentioned formula (3) recalculate the equal of single battery to be equalized Weigh duty ratio.
In an embodiment of the disclosure, in the balancing procedure of single battery to be equalized, when detecting monomer to be equalized When any performance parameter of battery meets balanced duty ratio regularization condition corresponding with this kind of performance parameter, to monomer to be equalized The balanced duty ratio of battery is adjusted.
Performance parameter includes at least: voltage, SOC, internal resistance, self-discharge rate, voltage change ratio, electric quantity change rate and time Change rate.
In one embodiment, from aforementioned performance parameter determine a performance parameter as target capabilities parameter, then when to When the value of the target capabilities parameter of balanced single battery and the difference of the reference value of target capabilities parameter are compared to balanced start Difference becomes larger or becomes smaller, and is adjusted to balanced duty ratio.
Balanced duty ratio is adjusted, comprising:
When single battery to be equalized target capabilities parameter value and target capabilities parameter reference value difference compared to Difference when equilibrium starts is when becoming larger, the adjustment increased balanced duty ratio；
When single battery to be equalized target capabilities parameter value and target capabilities parameter reference value difference compared to Difference when equilibrium starts is when becoming smaller, the adjustment reduced to balanced duty ratio.
In further embodiments, balanced duty ratio is adjusted, comprising:
When battery pack is in charged state, the value of performance parameter of the single battery to be equalized during equilibrium is greater than Or be equal to the first preset threshold corresponding with performance parameter, then balanced duty ratio is reduced；Alternatively,
When battery pack is in discharge condition, the value of performance parameter of the single battery to be equalized during equilibrium is less than The second preset threshold corresponding with performance parameter, then reduce balanced duty ratio.
For example, for the case where performance parameter is voltage, when battery pack is in charged state, if single battery is in equilibrium Voltage in the process is higher than the first preset threshold, then reduces to balanced duty ratio；When battery pack is in discharge condition, if Voltage of the single battery in balancing procedure is lower than the second preset threshold, then reduces to balanced duty ratio.
As above, it after being adjusted to balanced duty ratio, in subsequent balancing period, is then accounted for according to equilibrium adjusted Sky is more balanced than carrying out.
Correspondingly, the embodiment of the present disclosure also provides a kind of battery equalization system.The battery equalization system includes: equilibrium model Block, acquisition module and control module；
The acquisition module, under the control of the control module, in the sampling periods of unit period, acquisition to be electric The battery information of each single battery of pond group；
The control module, the electricity of each single battery of the battery pack for being obtained in the sampling periods according to unit period Pond information, obtains the electric quantity change rate value of each single battery, and the unit period includes the sampling periods and balancing period；Root According to the electric quantity change rate value of each single battery, reference electric quantity rate of change value is determined；According to the monomer to be equalized in the battery pack The electric quantity change rate value of battery and the reference electric quantity rate of change value, determine the balanced duty of the single battery to be equalized Than the equilibrium duty ratio is the ratio of the duration of the balancing period and the duration of the unit period；According to the equilibrium Duty ratio controls the equilibrium of the single battery to be equalized in the balancing period of the unit period；
The balance module, it is balanced for being carried out under the control of the control module to corresponding single battery.
In one embodiment, the control module, in the charging process of the battery pack, obtaining each monomer electricity The voltage in pond rises the electricity being filled with needed for a unit voltage from initial end voltage；
To each single battery in the battery pack, determine that the electric quantity change rate value of the single battery is the single battery The ratio of the value of the value and unit voltage of the required electricity being filled with；Alternatively,
In the discharge process of the battery pack, the voltage for obtaining each single battery declines a unit from initial end voltage Voltage reduction electricity；
To each single battery in the battery pack, determine that the electric quantity change rate value of the single battery is the single battery The value of the value of the electricity of reduction and the unit voltage ratio.
In one embodiment, the control module is used for electric quantity change rate value in the battery pack and the reference The smallest single battery of difference of electric quantity change rate value is determined as reference battery；
When the initial end voltage of the initial end voltage of the single battery to be equalized and the reference battery is not identical, root According to the initial end voltage of the single battery to be equalized and the initial end voltage of the reference battery, the monomer to be equalized is determined The balanced duty ratio of battery；
When the initial end voltage of the single battery to be equalized is identical as the initial end voltage of the reference battery, according to The voltage of the single battery to be equalized rises the electricity being filled with needed for a unit voltage and the reference from initial end voltage The voltage of battery rises the electricity being filled with needed for a unit voltage from initial end voltage, determines the single battery to be equalized Balanced duty ratio is subtracted alternatively, declining a unit voltage from initial end voltage according to the voltage of the single battery to be equalized The voltage of few electricity and the reference battery from initial end voltage decline unit voltage reduction electricity, determine described in The balanced duty ratio of single battery to be equalized.
In one embodiment, the control module, for according to the initial terminal voltage value of the reference battery and described The open-circuit voltage OCV- remaining capacity SOC curve of reference battery, determination are corresponding with the initial terminal voltage value of the reference battery First SOC value；
According to the initial terminal voltage value of the single battery to be equalized and the corresponding OCV-SOC of the single battery to be equalized Curve determines second SOC value corresponding with the initial terminal voltage value of the single battery to be equalized；
According to first SOC value and second SOC value, the balanced duty ratio of the single battery to be equalized is determined.
In one embodiment, the control module, is used for
According to the initial terminal voltage value of the reference battery and the internal resistance value of the reference battery, the reference battery is determined Reference OCV value；
According to described with reference to OCV value and the OCV-SOC curve of the reference battery, by described with reference to the corresponding SOC of OCV value Value is determined as first SOC value；And
According to the initial terminal voltage value of the single battery to be equalized and the internal resistance value of the single battery to be equalized, determine The OCV value of the single battery to be equalized；
According to the OCV-SOC curve of the single battery to be equalized, determine that the OCV value of the single battery to be equalized is corresponding SOC value be second SOC value.
In one embodiment, the control module, for according to Δ Q=Δ SOC × CnDetermine that electricity is poor, wherein Δ Q It is poor for the electricity, SOC difference of the Δ SOC between first SOC value and second SOC value, CnIt is described to be equalized The active volume of single battery；
The balanced duty ratio of the single battery to be equalized is determined according to τ=(Δ Q/I)/t, wherein t is described to be equalized The default balanced duration of single battery, I are the default euqalizing current of the single battery to be equalized, and τ is the balanced duty ratio.
In one embodiment, the control module, for according to the voltage of the single battery to be equalized from initial end The voltage that voltage rises the electricity and the reference battery that are filled with needed for a unit voltage rises a list from initial end voltage The electricity that is filled with needed for the voltage of position declines a unit electricity from initial end voltage according to the voltage of the single battery to be equalized Pressure the electricity of reduction and the reference battery voltage from initial end voltage decline a unit voltage reduction electricity, really The electricity of the fixed battery to be balanced and the reference battery is poor；
, default balanced duration poor according to the electricity and default euqalizing current, determine the single battery to be equalized Balanced duty ratio.
In one embodiment, the control module is also used in the balancing procedure of the single battery to be equalized, obtains Take the euqalizing current of the single battery to be equalized；
When the euqalizing current is greater than or equal to the default euqalizing current, reduce the equal of the single battery to be equalized Weigh duty ratio；Alternatively,
When the euqalizing current is less than the default euqalizing current, increase the balanced duty of the single battery to be equalized Than.
In one embodiment, the control module is also used in the balancing procedure of the single battery to be equalized, when Detect that any performance parameter of the single battery to be equalized meets balanced duty ratio tune corresponding with this kind of performance parameter When shelf-regulating Conditions, the balanced duty ratio of the single battery to be equalized is adjusted, the performance parameter includes at least: voltage, SOC, internal resistance, self-discharge rate, voltage change ratio, electric quantity change rate and time rate of change.
In one embodiment, the control module, for the performance parameter according to single battery each in the battery pack, The single battery to be equalized is determined from the battery pack, wherein the performance parameter includes voltage, SOC, internal resistance, puts certainly At least one of electric rate, voltage change ratio, electric quantity change rate and time rate of change.
In one embodiment, the control module passes through a channel and the acquisition module for corresponding to same single battery It is connected with balance module, the control module is used to not need progress with the single battery that the control module connects determining balanced When, it controls the control module and is connected with corresponding sampling module；Alternatively,
The control module is also used to when the single battery determined with the control module connects needs progress balanced, described Channel described in acquisition module and the balance module time-sharing multiplex.
In one embodiment, the control module includes control chip, and the control chip passes through a pin and institute A channel is stated to connect with the acquisition module and balance module for corresponding to same single battery.
In one embodiment, the control module by two channels respectively with correspond to same single battery acquisition Module is connected with balance module.
In one embodiment, the control module includes control chip, and the control chip passes through two pin difference It is connect with the acquisition module and balance module for corresponding to same single battery, described two pins and described two channels one are a pair of It answers.
About the system in above-described embodiment, wherein modules execute the concrete mode of operation in related this method Embodiment in be described in detail, no detailed explanation will be given here.
Correspondingly, the embodiment of the present disclosure also provides a kind of vehicle, including above-mentioned battery equalization system.
Correspondingly, the embodiment of the present disclosure also provides a kind of computer readable storage medium, it is stored thereon with computer program Instruction, the program instruction realize above-mentioned battery equalization method when being executed by processor.
Correspondingly, the embodiment of the present disclosure also provides a kind of electronic equipment, comprising: aforementioned computer readable storage medium storing program for executing；With And one or more processor, for executing the program in the computer readable storage medium.
The preferred embodiment of the disclosure is described in detail in conjunction with attached drawing above, still, the disclosure is not limited to above-mentioned reality The detail in mode is applied, in the range of the technology design of the disclosure, a variety of letters can be carried out to the technical solution of the disclosure Monotropic type, these simple variants belong to the protection scope of the disclosure.
It is further to note that specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments, in not lance In the case where shield, it can be combined in any appropriate way.In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the disclosure to it is various can No further explanation will be given for the combination of energy.
In addition, any combination can also be carried out between a variety of different embodiments of the disclosure, as long as it is without prejudice to originally Disclosed thought equally should be considered as disclosure disclosure of that.

Claims (31)

1. a kind of battery equalization method characterized by comprising
According to the battery information of each single battery of the battery pack obtained in the sampling periods of unit period, each single battery is obtained Electric quantity change rate value, the unit period includes the sampling periods and balancing period；
According to the electric quantity change rate value of each single battery, reference electric quantity rate of change value is determined；
According to the electric quantity change rate value of the single battery to be equalized in the battery pack and the reference electric quantity rate of change value, really The balanced duty ratio of the fixed single battery to be equalized, the equilibrium duty ratio are the duration and the unit of the balancing period The ratio of the duration in period；
According to the balanced duty ratio, the equilibrium of the single battery to be equalized is controlled in the balancing period of the unit period.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein the electric quantity change rate value for obtaining each single battery, packet It includes:
In the charging process of the battery pack, the voltage for obtaining each single battery rises a unit voltage from initial end voltage The required electricity being filled with；
To each single battery in the battery pack, determine that the electric quantity change rate value of the single battery is the required of the single battery The ratio of the value for the electricity being filled with and the value of the unit voltage；Alternatively,
In the discharge process of the battery pack, the voltage for obtaining each single battery declines a unit voltage from initial end voltage Reduction electricity；
To each single battery in the battery pack, electric quantity change rate value being subtracted by the single battery of the single battery is determined The ratio of the value of few electricity and the value of the unit voltage.
3. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the single battery to be equalized according in the battery pack Electric quantity change rate value and the reference electric quantity rate of change value, determine the balanced duty ratio of the single battery to be equalized, wrap It includes:
The smallest single battery of difference of electric quantity change rate value in the battery pack and the reference electric quantity rate of change value is determined as Reference battery；
Whether the initial end voltage for judging the single battery to be equalized is identical as the initial end voltage of the reference battery；
When the initial end voltage of the single battery to be equalized is identical as the initial end voltage of the reference battery, according to described The voltage of single battery to be equalized rises the electricity and the reference battery being filled with needed for a unit voltage from initial end voltage Voltage from initial end voltage rise a unit voltage needed for the electricity that is filled with, determine the equilibrium of the single battery to be equalized Duty ratio, alternatively, declining what a unit voltage was reduced from initial end voltage according to the voltage of the single battery to be equalized The voltage of electricity and the reference battery from initial end voltage decline unit voltage reduction electricity, determine described to equal The balanced duty ratio of weighing apparatus single battery.
4. according to the method described in claim 3, it is characterized in that, in the initial end voltage for judging the single battery to be equalized With the initial end voltage of the reference battery it is whether identical after, further includes:
When the initial end voltage of the initial end voltage of the single battery to be equalized and the reference battery is not identical, according to institute The initial end voltage of single battery to be equalized and the initial end voltage of the reference battery are stated, determines the single battery to be equalized Balanced duty ratio.
5. according to the method described in claim 4, it is characterized in that, the initial end electricity according to the single battery to be equalized The initial end voltage of pressure and the reference battery, determines the balanced duty ratio of the single battery to be equalized, comprising:
Open-circuit voltage OCV- remaining capacity SOC according to the initial terminal voltage value of the reference battery and the reference battery is bent Line determines the first SOC value corresponding with the initial terminal voltage value of the reference battery；
It is bent according to the initial terminal voltage value of the single battery to be equalized and the corresponding OCV-SOC of the single battery to be equalized Line determines second SOC value corresponding with the initial terminal voltage value of the single battery to be equalized；
According to first SOC value and second SOC value, the balanced duty ratio of the single battery to be equalized is determined.
6. according to the method described in claim 5, it is characterized in that, the initial terminal voltage value according to the reference battery and The open-circuit voltage OCV- remaining capacity SOC curve of the reference battery, the determining initial terminal voltage value pair with the reference battery The first SOC value answered, comprising:
According to the initial terminal voltage value of the reference battery and the internal resistance value of the reference battery, the ginseng of the reference battery is determined Examine OCV value；
It, will be described true with reference to the corresponding SOC value of OCV value according to described with reference to OCV value and the OCV-SOC curve of the reference battery It is set to first SOC value；
It is bent according to the initial terminal voltage value of the single battery to be equalized and the corresponding OCV-SOC of the single battery to be equalized Line determines second SOC value corresponding with the initial terminal voltage value of the single battery to be equalized, comprising:
According to the initial terminal voltage value of the single battery to be equalized and the internal resistance value of the single battery to be equalized, determine described in The OCV value of single battery to be equalized；
According to the OCV-SOC curve of the single battery to be equalized, determine that the OCV value of the single battery to be equalized is corresponding SOC value is second SOC value.
7. according to the method described in claim 6, it is characterized in that, described according to first SOC value and the 2nd SOC Value, the step of determining the balanced duty ratio of the single battery to be equalized include:
According to Δ Q=Δ SOC × CnDetermine that electricity is poor, wherein Δ Q is that the electricity is poor, and Δ SOC is first SOC value and institute State the SOC difference between the second SOC value, CnFor the active volume of the single battery to be equalized；
The balanced duty ratio of the single battery to be equalized is determined according to τ=(Δ Q/I)/t, wherein t is the monomer to be equalized The default balanced duration of battery, I are the default euqalizing current of the single battery to be equalized, and τ is the balanced duty ratio.
8. according to the method described in claim 3, it is characterized in that, the voltage according to the single battery to be equalized is from first The voltage that beginning voltage rises the electricity and the reference battery that are filled with needed for a unit voltage rises one from initial end voltage The electricity being filled with needed for a unit voltage determines the balanced duty ratio of the single battery to be equalized, alternatively, according to described to equal Weigh single battery voltage from initial end voltage decline unit voltage the electricity of reduction and the voltage of the reference battery From initial end voltage decline unit voltage reduction electricity, determine the balanced duty ratio of the single battery to be equalized, Include:
The electricity that is filled with needed for rising a unit voltage from initial end voltage according to the voltage of the single battery to be equalized with The voltage of the reference battery from initial end voltage rise a unit voltage needed for the electricity that is filled with or according to described to be equalized The voltage of single battery from initial end voltage decline unit voltage reduction electricity and the reference battery voltage from Initial end voltage decline unit voltage reduction electricity, determine the electricity of the battery to be balanced and the reference battery Difference；
, default balanced duration poor according to the electricity and default euqalizing current, determine the equilibrium of the single battery to be equalized Duty ratio.
9. according to the method described in claim 8, it is characterized in that, the duration poor according to the electricity, default balanced and Default euqalizing current, determines the balanced duty ratio of the single battery to be equalized, comprising:
The balanced duty ratio of the single battery to be equalized is determined according to τ=(Δ Q/I)/t, wherein t is the monomer to be equalized The default balanced duration of battery, Δ Q is that the electricity is poor, and I is the default balanced electricity of the single battery to be equalized Stream, τ are the balanced duty ratio.
10. according to the described in any item methods of claim 7 or 9, which is characterized in that the method also includes:
In the balancing procedure of the single battery to be equalized, the euqalizing current of the single battery to be equalized is obtained；
When the euqalizing current is greater than or equal to the default euqalizing current, the equilibrium for reducing the single battery to be equalized is accounted for Empty ratio；Alternatively,
When the euqalizing current is less than the default euqalizing current, increase the balanced duty ratio of the single battery to be equalized.
11. the method according to claim 1, wherein the method also includes:
In the balancing procedure of the single battery to be equalized, when any performance for detecting the single battery to be equalized is joined When number meets balanced duty ratio regularization condition corresponding with this kind of performance parameter, to the balanced duty of the single battery to be equalized Than being adjusted, the performance parameter is included at least: voltage, SOC, internal resistance, self-discharge rate, voltage change ratio, electric quantity change rate, And time rate of change.
12. the method according to claim 1, wherein described obtain balanced required reference electric quantity rate of change value, Include:
Minimum amount of power rate of change value in the electric quantity change rate value of single battery each in the battery pack is determined as the reference Electric quantity change rate value；Or,
Maximum electric quantity change rate value in the electric quantity change rate value of single battery each in the battery pack is determined as the reference Electric quantity change rate value；Or,
The average value of the electric quantity change rate value of single battery each in the battery pack is determined as the reference electric quantity rate of change value.
13. the method according to claim 1, wherein the method also includes:
According to the performance parameter of single battery each in the battery pack, the monomer electricity to be equalized is determined from the battery pack Pond, wherein the performance parameter includes becoming voltage, SOC, internal resistance, self-discharge rate, voltage change ratio, electric quantity change rate and time At least one of rate.
14. a kind of battery equalization system characterized by comprising balance module, acquisition module and control module；
The acquisition module, in the sampling periods of unit period, acquiring battery pack under the control of the control module Each single battery battery information；
The control module, the battery letter of each single battery of the battery pack for being obtained in the sampling periods according to unit period Breath, obtains the electric quantity change rate value of each single battery, the unit period includes the sampling periods and balancing period；According to each The electric quantity change rate value of single battery, determines reference electric quantity rate of change value；According to the single battery to be equalized in the battery pack Electric quantity change rate value and the reference electric quantity rate of change value, determine the balanced duty ratio of the single battery to be equalized, institute State the ratio of the duration of duration and the unit period that balanced duty ratio is the balancing period；According to the balanced duty Than controlling the equilibrium of the single battery to be equalized in the balancing period of the unit period；
The balance module, it is balanced for being carried out under the control of the control module to corresponding single battery.
15. system according to claim 14, which is characterized in that the control module, for filling in the battery pack In electric process, the voltage for obtaining each single battery rises the electricity being filled with needed for a unit voltage from initial end voltage；
To each single battery in the battery pack, determine that the electric quantity change rate value of the single battery is the required of the single battery The ratio of the value for the electricity being filled with and the value of the unit voltage；Alternatively,
In the discharge process of the battery pack, the voltage for obtaining each single battery declines a unit voltage from initial end voltage Reduction electricity；
To each single battery in the battery pack, electric quantity change rate value being subtracted by the single battery of the single battery is determined The ratio of the value of few electricity and the value of the unit voltage.
16. system according to claim 15, which is characterized in that the control module, being used for will be electric in the battery pack The smallest single battery of difference of amount rate of change value and the reference electric quantity rate of change value is determined as reference battery；
Whether the initial end voltage for judging the single battery to be equalized is identical as the initial end voltage of the reference battery；
When the initial end voltage of the single battery to be equalized is identical as the initial end voltage of the reference battery, according to described The voltage of single battery to be equalized rises the electricity and the reference battery being filled with needed for a unit voltage from initial end voltage Voltage from initial end voltage rise a unit voltage needed for the electricity that is filled with, determine the equilibrium of the single battery to be equalized Duty ratio, alternatively, declining what a unit voltage was reduced from initial end voltage according to the voltage of the single battery to be equalized The voltage of electricity and the reference battery from initial end voltage decline unit voltage reduction electricity, determine described to equal The balanced duty ratio of weighing apparatus single battery.
17. system according to claim 16, which is characterized in that the control module is also used to when the list to be equalized When the initial end voltage of body battery and the not identical initial end voltage of the reference battery, according to the single battery to be equalized The initial end voltage of initial end voltage and the reference battery determines the balanced duty ratio of the single battery to be equalized.
18. system according to claim 17, which is characterized in that the control module, for according to the reference battery Initial terminal voltage value and the reference battery open-circuit voltage OCV- remaining capacity SOC curve, it is determining with the reference battery Corresponding first SOC value of initial terminal voltage value；
It is bent according to the initial terminal voltage value of the single battery to be equalized and the corresponding OCV-SOC of the single battery to be equalized Line determines second SOC value corresponding with the initial terminal voltage value of the single battery to be equalized；
According to first SOC value and second SOC value, the balanced duty ratio of the single battery to be equalized is determined.
19. system according to claim 18, which is characterized in that the control module, for according to the reference battery Initial terminal voltage value and the reference battery internal resistance value, determine the reference OCV value of the reference battery；
It, will be described true with reference to the corresponding SOC value of OCV value according to described with reference to OCV value and the OCV-SOC curve of the reference battery It is set to first SOC value；And
According to the initial terminal voltage value of the single battery to be equalized and the internal resistance value of the single battery to be equalized, determine described in The OCV value of single battery to be equalized；
According to the OCV-SOC curve of the single battery to be equalized, determine that the OCV value of the single battery to be equalized is corresponding SOC value is second SOC value.
20. system according to claim 18, which is characterized in that the control module, for according to Δ Q=Δ SOC × Cn Determine that electricity is poor, wherein Δ Q is that the electricity is poor, SOC of the Δ SOC between first SOC value and second SOC value Difference, CnFor the active volume of the single battery to be equalized；
The balanced duty ratio of the single battery to be equalized is determined according to τ=(Δ Q/I)/t, wherein t is the monomer to be equalized The default balanced duration of battery, I are the default euqalizing current of the single battery to be equalized, and τ is the balanced duty ratio.
21. system according to claim 16, which is characterized in that the control module, for according to the list to be equalized The voltage of body battery from initial end voltage rise a unit voltage needed for the electricity that is filled with and the reference battery voltage from The electricity that is filled with needed for initial end voltage rises a unit voltage or according to the voltage of the single battery to be equalized from initial Hold voltage decline unit voltage the voltage of the electricity of reduction and the reference battery decline a list from initial end voltage Position voltage reduction electricity, determine that the electricity of the battery to be balanced and the reference battery is poor；
, default balanced duration poor according to the electricity and default euqalizing current, determine the equilibrium of the single battery to be equalized Duty ratio.
22. according to the described in any item systems of claim 20 or 21, which is characterized in that the control module is also used in institute In the balancing procedure for stating single battery to be equalized, the euqalizing current of the single battery to be equalized is obtained；
When the euqalizing current is greater than or equal to the default euqalizing current, the equilibrium for reducing the single battery to be equalized is accounted for Empty ratio；Alternatively,
When the euqalizing current is less than the default euqalizing current, increase the balanced duty ratio of the single battery to be equalized.
23. system according to claim 14, which is characterized in that the control module is also used in the list to be equalized In the balancing procedure of body battery, join when any performance parameter for detecting the single battery to be equalized meets with this kind of performance When counting corresponding balanced duty ratio regularization condition, the balanced duty ratio of the single battery to be equalized is adjusted, the property Energy parameter includes at least: voltage, SOC, internal resistance, self-discharge rate, voltage change ratio, electric quantity change rate and time rate of change.
24. system according to claim 14, which is characterized in that the control module, for according in the battery pack The performance parameter of each single battery determines the single battery to be equalized, wherein the performance parameter packet from the battery pack Include at least one of voltage, SOC, internal resistance, self-discharge rate, voltage change ratio, electric quantity change rate and time rate of change.
25. system according to claim 14, which is characterized in that the control module is by a channel and corresponds to same The acquisition module of one single battery is connected with balance module, and the control module is used to determine the list connecting with the control module When body battery does not need to carry out equilibrium, controls the control module and connected with corresponding sampling module；Alternatively,
The control module is also used to the acquisition when the single battery determined with the control module connects needs progress balanced Channel described in module and the balance module time-sharing multiplex.
26. system according to claim 25, which is characterized in that the control module includes control chip, the control Chip is connect by a pin and one channel with the acquisition module and balance module for corresponding to same single battery.
27. system according to claim 14, which is characterized in that the control module by two channels respectively with it is corresponding It is connected in the acquisition module of same single battery with balance module.
28. system according to claim 27, which is characterized in that the control module includes control chip, the control Chip is connect with the acquisition module and balance module for corresponding to same single battery respectively by two pins, described two pins It is corresponded with described two channels.
29. a kind of vehicle, which is characterized in that including the described in any item battery equalization systems of the claims 14-28.
30. a kind of computer readable storage medium, is stored thereon with computer program instructions, which is characterized in that the program instruction Method of any of claims 1-13 is realized when being executed by processor.
31. a kind of electronic equipment characterized by comprising
Computer readable storage medium described in claim 30；And
One or more processor, for executing the program in the computer readable storage medium.
CN201710773508.9A 2017-08-31 2017-08-31 Battery equalization method, system, vehicle, storage medium and electronic device Active CN109435758B (en)

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