CN109433009B - Device and method for reducing toxicity equivalent of dioxin in waste incineration fly ash - Google Patents
Device and method for reducing toxicity equivalent of dioxin in waste incineration fly ash Download PDFInfo
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- CN109433009B CN109433009B CN201811361662.6A CN201811361662A CN109433009B CN 109433009 B CN109433009 B CN 109433009B CN 201811361662 A CN201811361662 A CN 201811361662A CN 109433009 B CN109433009 B CN 109433009B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/90—Injecting reactants
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/88—Replacing filter elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/007—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by irradiation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8659—Removing halogens or halogen compounds
- B01D53/8662—Organic halogen compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/20—Reductants
- B01D2251/206—Ammonium compounds
- B01D2251/2062—Ammonia
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/20—Reductants
- B01D2251/21—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2251/206 or B01D2251/208
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/207—Transition metals
- B01D2255/20707—Titanium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
- B01D2258/0283—Flue gases
- B01D2258/0291—Flue gases from waste incineration plants
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
- B01D2259/80—Employing electric, magnetic, electromagnetic or wave energy, or particle radiation
- B01D2259/804—UV light
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
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Abstract
The invention relates to equipment and a method for reducing toxicity equivalent of dioxin in waste incineration fly ash, and the equipment and the method comprise the following steps: the pipe body is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet which are oppositely arranged; a first male ring formed on an inner surface of the pipe body, an inner diameter of the first male ring being gradually reduced from both end portions thereof toward a middle portion thereof; a second convex ring; the filter element is detachably inserted between the two second convex rings; the second convex ring is formed on the inner surface of the tube body at intervals, and the distance between the second convex ring and the air outlet is smaller than that between the second convex ring and the air outlet; the catalytic filler is replaceably arranged between the two third convex rings; and the sprayer is arranged on the other side of the catalytic filler and is used for spraying inorganic ammonia or organic amine solution. Greatly reduces the environmental pollution.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection, relates to a method for reducing toxicity equivalent of dioxin, and particularly relates to equipment and a method for reducing toxicity equivalent of dioxin in waste incineration fly ash.
Background
At present, the daily generation of municipal domestic waste all over the world reaches as much as 2700 million tons, so that the waste problem becomes one of the main environmental problems which draw attention. In China, the urban domestic garbage is increased at a speed of 8-10% per year, the daily garbage yield per capita reaches about 1kg, and the annual garbage yield in China reaches 2.1 hundred million tons by 2015. The garbage treatment technology which mainly uses landfill and assists composting and incineration occupies a large amount of land resources. With the development of the garbage disposal technology, the incineration disposal technology which has the advantages of small occupied area, short disposal time, obvious reduction, thorough harmlessness, capability of recycling waste heat and the like is gradually applied to cities with higher economic development level, higher garbage heat value and limited land resources.
Along with the construction and the use of more and more waste incineration plants, the discharge amount of waste incineration fly ash in China is also more and more huge. The waste incineration fly ash is solid waste collected by a flue gas purification system of a waste incineration plant, and most heavy metal elements, soluble salt substances and a certain amount of dioxin-like chlorine compounds in the waste are enriched, so that the waste incineration fly ash is classified as dangerous solid waste in all countries. At present, only two legal treatments are available for the waste incineration fly ash in China: the method has the advantages that firstly, the method enters a hazardous waste landfill site for landfill, the requirement of the site entry is the pollution control standard of hazardous waste landfill, the requirement on heavy metals is mainly met, the requirement on dioxin is not met, and the requirement can be met by a cement wrapping method generally; secondly, the refuse enters a sanitary landfill site for landfill, the requirement of entering the landfill site is 'pollution control standard of domestic refuse landfill site', and the 6.3 th section of the standard indicates that: the fly ash from the incineration of the household garbage meets the following conditions after treatment and can enter a household garbage landfill for landfill disposal; the following data are mainly used: a water content of less than 30%, a dioxin content of less than 3 [ mu ] g TEQ/kg, a content of hazardous substances in a leachate prepared according to HJ/T300 of less than a predetermined limit value, and the like.
Dioxin is actually a short term for dioxin-like substances, and refers to two main organic compounds containing numerous congeners or isomers, which are similar in structure and shape but not a single substance, namely polychlorinated diphenyl-p-dioxin
And polychlorinated dibenzofurans
Microorganisms and hydrolysis in nature have little influence on the molecular structure of dioxin, so that the dioxin in the environment is difficult to naturally degrade and eliminate. It has very high toxicity which is 900 times that of arsenic; but also has reproductive toxicity and genetic toxicity, and directly harms the health and life of offspring. Thus, dioxin pollution is a significant problem related to human death and must be strictly controlled. It has been classified as human primary carcinogen by the international center for cancer research.
At present, the research on the technology for treating dioxin in fly ash mainly comprises: the method comprises the following steps of (1) a melting method, a gas-phase hydrogen reduction method, a photochemical decomposition method, an electron beam decomposition technology, a low-temperature plasma, a supercritical water oxidation technology, a low-temperature medicament catalytic decomposition technology and the like, wherein the methods are either high in requirements, only suitable for being carried out in a laboratory and not suitable for being carried out in industrial occasions such as an incinerator and the like; or the cost is expensive and the practical utilization value is not high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide equipment for reducing the toxicity equivalent of dioxin in waste incineration fly ash, aiming at solving the defects in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: an apparatus for reducing toxicity equivalent of dioxin in waste incineration fly ash, comprising:
the pipe body is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet which are oppositely arranged;
a first male ring formed on an inner surface of the pipe body, an inner diameter of the first male ring being gradually reduced from both end portions thereof toward a middle portion thereof;
the second convex ring is provided with two channels and is formed on the inner surface of the pipe body at intervals, and the distance between the second convex ring and the air outlet is smaller than that between the first convex ring and the air outlet;
the filter element is detachably inserted between the two second convex rings;
the second convex ring is formed on the inner surface of the tube body at intervals, and the distance between the second convex ring and the air outlet is smaller than that between the second convex ring and the air outlet;
the catalytic filler is replaceably arranged between the two third convex rings;
and the sprayer is arranged on the other side of the catalytic filler and is used for spraying inorganic ammonia or organic amine solution.
Optimally, a handle is fixed on the side surface of the filter element, and a sealing cover plate matched with the handle is arranged on the outer wall of the pipe body.
Optimally, the outer wall of the pipe body is provided with a material changing door corresponding to the catalytic filler.
Optimally, the catalytic filler is glass fiber loaded with a catalyst, and an ultraviolet lamp strip is arranged in the catalytic filler.
Optimally, the catalyst is rutile TiO2。
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for reducing toxicity equivalent of dioxin in waste incineration fly ash, which comprises the following steps: spraying inorganic ammonia or organic amine solution into the flue gas containing incineration fly ash to react at room temperature or under heating condition.
Optimally, the inorganic ammonia is ammonia water with the concentration of 15-28 wt%; the organic amine is one or more of methylamine, ethylamine, ethylenediamine, dimethylamine, triethylamine, aniline, triethylene tetramine, diethylene triamine, tetraethylene pentamine, triethylene diamine, hexamethylene tetramine and cyclohexylamine, and the solution concentration of the organic amine is 10-20 wt% (usually, an aqueous solution, and a solvent capable of dissolving the compounds, such as ethanol and acetone, can also be used).
Further, the organic amine is triethylamine and aniline in a mass ratio of 1: 1, in a mixture of the components.
Due to the application of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: according to the equipment for reducing the toxicity equivalent of the dioxin in the waste incineration fly ash, the filter element, the catalytic filler and the sprayer are sequentially arranged in the pipe body, so that after the smoke is filtered to remove large particles, the smoke can be fully sprayed to enable the sprayed inorganic ammonia or organic amine solution and the dioxin to fully react under the irradiation of ultraviolet rays, and the environmental pollution is greatly reduced.
The method for reducing the toxicity equivalent of the dioxin in the waste incineration fly ash has simple treatment steps and good treatment effect on the smoke containing the dioxin, so that chlorine atoms with stronger toxicity of the dioxin can be removed, and the toxicity equivalent of the dioxin in the fly ash is greatly reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the apparatus for reducing toxicity equivalent of dioxin in waste incineration fly ash according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a device for reducing toxicity equivalent of dioxin in waste incineration fly ash, as shown in fig. 1, the device comprises a pipe body 1, a first convex ring 2, a second convex ring 3, a filter element 4, a third convex ring 5, a catalytic filler 6, a sprayer 7 and the like.
Wherein, the pipe body 1 is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet 11 which are oppositely arranged (namely, one end of the pipe body 1 is the air inlet, and the other end is the air outlet 11). A first male ring 2 formed on the inner surface of the tube body 1, concentrically arranged with the tube body 1, but having an inner diameter gradually decreasing from both end portions toward the middle portion; in this way, the flue gas is guided into the pipe body 1 and can generate vortex when flowing through the pipe body so as to avoid the premature sedimentation of particles in the flue gas. The second convex ring 3 has two channels which are arranged at intervals and formed on the inner surface of the tube body 1; the second convex ring 3 is closer to the air outlet 11 than the first convex ring 2, that is, the distance between the second convex ring 3 and the air outlet 11 is smaller than the distance between the first convex ring 2 and the air outlet 11. The filter element 4 is detachably inserted between the two second convex rings 3 and is used for filtering and removing larger dust particles in the flue gas, so that the filter element needs to be replaced periodically to avoid adverse influence on the discharge of the flue gas; a handle 41 is usually fixed on the side surface of the filter element 4, and a sealing cover plate 42 matched with the handle 41 is arranged on the outer wall of the tube body 1 (to avoid the leakage of smoke gas); the filter element 4 is typically a 200 mesh screen or larger. The third convex ring 5 is also provided with two channels which are arranged at intervals and formed on the inner surface of the pipe body 1; the third protruding ring 5 is closer to the air outlet 11 than the second protruding ring 3, that is, the distance between the third protruding ring 5 and the air outlet 11 is smaller than the distance between the second protruding ring 3 and the air outlet 11. The catalytic filler 6 is replaceably arranged between the two third convex rings 5, and the outer wall of the pipe body 1 is provided with a material replacing door 61 corresponding to the catalytic filler 6, so that the catalytic filler 6 can be replaced and the sealing of the pipe body 1 can be ensured; the catalytic filler 6 is glass fiber loaded with catalyst, an ultraviolet lamp strip is arranged in the glass fiber, and the catalyst is rutile TiO2. The sprayer 7 is arranged at the other side of the catalytic filler 6 and is used for spraying inorganic ammonia or organic amine solution; the spray flow rate is 1/10 of the flue gas flow rate.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a method for reducing toxicity equivalent of dioxin in waste incineration fly ash, which uses a common pipeline, and specifically comprises the following steps: inorganic ammonia solution (15 wt% ammonia water) was sprayed to the flue gas containing incineration fly ash to react at room temperature, with the flow direction of the flue gas being opposite to the spraying direction.
Example 3
This example provides a method for reducing the toxic equivalent of dioxins in waste incineration fly ash, which is substantially the same as in example 2 except that: a solution of methylamine in a concentration of 15% by weight is used.
Example 4
This example provides a method for reducing the toxic equivalent of dioxins in waste incineration fly ash, which is substantially the same as in example 2 except that: an ethylenediamine solution having a solution concentration of 15wt% was used.
Example 5
This example provides a method for reducing the toxic equivalent of dioxins in waste incineration fly ash, which is substantially the same as in example 2 except that: a triethylamine solution having a solution concentration of 15wt% was used.
Example 6
This example provides a method for reducing the toxic equivalent of dioxins in waste incineration fly ash, which is substantially the same as in example 2 except that: an aniline solution having a solution concentration of 15wt% was used.
Example 7
This example provides a method for reducing the toxic equivalent of dioxins in waste incineration fly ash, which is substantially the same as in example 2 except that: a solution of triethylenetetramine having a solution concentration of 15 wt.% was used.
Example 8
This example provides a method for reducing the toxic equivalent of dioxins in waste incineration fly ash, which is substantially the same as in example 2 except that: a solution of cyclohexylamine having a solution concentration of 15% by weight was used.
Example 9
This example provides a method for reducing the toxic equivalent of dioxins in waste incineration fly ash, which is substantially the same as in example 2 except that: a mixed solution with the solution concentration of 15wt% is used, and triethylamine and aniline are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 1.
example 10
This example provides a method for reducing the toxic equivalent of dioxins in waste incineration fly ash, which is substantially the same as in example 9 except that: the temperature of the flue gas is adjusted to 50-60 ℃.
Example 11
This example provides a method for reducing the toxic equivalent of dioxins in waste incineration fly ash, which is substantially the same as in example 2 except that: the apparatus of example 1 was used.
Comparative example 1
This example provides a method for reducing the toxic equivalent of dioxins in waste incineration fly ash, which is substantially the same as in example 2 except that: ordinary tap water is sprayed.
And scraping the ash fly (positioned above the sprayer) deposited on the inner wall of the flue gas outlet pipe, and measuring the toxicity equivalent of dioxin.
| Toxicity equivalent of dioxin (mu g TEQ/kg) | |
| Example 2 | 2.2 |
| Example 3 | 2.5 |
| Example 4 | 2.3 |
| Example 5 | 2.1 |
| Example 6 | 2.2 |
| Example 7 | 2.3 |
| Example 8 | 2.4 |
| Example 9 | 1.9 |
| Example 10 | 1.7 |
| Example 11 | 1.5 |
| Comparative example 1 | 2.8 |
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical ideas and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method for reducing toxicity equivalent of dioxin in waste incineration fly ash is characterized by comprising the following steps: spraying an organic amine solution into the flue gas containing the incineration fly ash to enable the flue gas to react at room temperature or 50-60 ℃, wherein the organic amine is triethylamine and aniline according to a mass ratio of 1: 1, the solution concentration is 15 wt%;
the waste incineration fly ash is treated by adopting equipment for reducing the toxicity equivalent of dioxin in the waste incineration fly ash, and the equipment comprises:
the device comprises a pipe body (1), wherein the pipe body (1) is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet (11) which are oppositely arranged; a material changing door (61) corresponding to the catalytic filler (6) is arranged on the outer wall of the pipe body (1);
a first male ring (2), the first male ring (2) being formed on the inner surface of the pipe body (1), the first male ring (2) having an inner diameter gradually decreasing from both end portions thereof toward a middle portion thereof;
the second convex ring (3) is provided with two channels, is formed on the inner surface of the pipe body (1) at intervals, and has a smaller distance from the air outlet (11) than the distance from the first convex ring (2) to the air outlet (11);
the filter element (4) is detachably inserted between the two second convex rings (3); a handle (41) is fixed on the side surface of the filter element (4), and a sealing cover plate (42) matched with the handle (41) is arranged on the outer wall of the pipe body (1);
the third convex ring (5) is provided with two convex rings (5) which are formed on the inner surface of the pipe body (1) at intervals, and the distance between the third convex ring (5) and the air outlet (11) is smaller than the distance between the second convex ring (3) and the air outlet (11);
a catalytic filler (6), said catalytic filler (6) being exchangeably arranged between two of said third collars (5); the catalytic filler (6) is glass fiber loaded with a catalyst, and an ultraviolet lamp strip is arranged in the catalytic filler; the catalyst is rutile TiO2；
And the sprayer (7) is arranged on the other side of the catalytic filler (6) and is used for spraying an organic amine solution.
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| CN117046259B (en) * | 2023-08-21 | 2024-04-16 | 生态环境部南京环境科学研究所 | Device for low-temperature efficient desorption of dioxin by utilizing household garbage incineration fly ash |
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