CN109432480A - 一种长效抗菌控湿载银活性炭纤维敷料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种长效抗菌控湿载银活性炭纤维敷料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于医疗器械领域，具体涉及一种长效抗菌控湿载银活性炭纤维敷料及其制备方法。主要技术方案如下：以活性炭纤维为载体，先经过表面改性预处理；在银离子溶液中浸渍，载上银化合物；将产物真空干燥后，在惰性气氛中加热分解为纳米银，获得负载纳米银的活性炭纤维敷料；然后在敷料单面喷涂上保湿剂。与现有技术相比，制得尺寸较小且均匀的纳米银，具有更好的抗菌效果，且活性炭纤维微孔内的纳米银具有延缓释放的作用，具有更长时间的抗菌效果；同时，丰富的微孔可以吸收组织渗出液，而敷料单面喷涂的保湿剂可与渗出液中的水分结合，提供促进伤口愈合的微湿环境。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及医用制造技术领域，具体涉及一种长效抗菌控湿载银活性炭纤维敷料及其制备方法。
背景技术
皮肤因创伤口、烧伤、烫伤和溃疡等导致其完整性遭到破坏，失去了正常防御细菌的屏障能力，创面的坏死组织和含有大量蛋白质的渗出液又是细菌繁殖的良好培养基，在多种因素的作用下，创面容易发生局部感染、甚至引起全身感染，最终引起愈合时间的延长。因此需研制出理想的创伤敷料，覆盖在创伤表面，替代损坏的皮肤，促进伤口愈合。在创伤愈合中存在三个难题亟待解决：不断渗出的组织液、被细菌感染的风险和利于创面愈合的微湿环境。因此，一种理想的创伤敷料，应该既能够有效吸收组织渗出液，又能保证创面具有一定湿度，且具有抗菌性能防止伤口感染。
银作为抗菌剂使用由来已久，银离子、可溶性银化合物、表面积大的胶态银、纳米银等均具有杀灭细菌、真菌的特性。其中纳米银因其高效、广谱、不易产生耐药性、安全性高等优点，成为当前抗菌材料的研究热点之一。目前，用纳米银与功能性织物结合制成的纳米银医用敷料己应用于临床。但纳米银敷料还存在以下两个问题：(1)难以稳定制备出尺寸小、形状均一的纳米银粒子；(2)制成敷料时，银的释放速度难以控制，影响抗菌性能。
活性炭纤维具有高比表面积、丰富的微孔、孔分布均匀以及吸附能力强的优点，同时还是一种生物惰性材料，因此，可作为新型的抗菌敷料的基质。中国专利CN201110049669.6将银离子溶液与前体纤维放入蒸汽压力容器中，加热反应后冷却，洗涤烘干，然后在氮气环境中升温碳化一定时间，再继续升温活化后，制得银离子活性碳纤维，形成银离子活性碳抗菌层。该方法采用先载银离子再活化的方法，不利于银离子的吸附，表面银颗粒较大，分布不均匀。CN201510194821.8将活性炭纤维放入银锌抗菌组合悬浊液，干燥后高温灼烧，制得含有复合银锌抗菌组合物的活性炭纤维。该方法直接采用纳米银化合物，银与炭纤维结合不够紧密，容易脱落。
发明内容
为弥补现有技术的不足，本发明旨在提供一种长效抗菌控湿载银活性炭纤维敷料的制备方法，该活性炭纤维敷料具有吸收组织渗出液，控释银抗菌，以及保持微湿环境的优点，促进伤口愈合。
为达到上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种长效抗菌控湿载银活性炭纤维敷料的制备方法，以活性炭纤维为载体，先经过表面改性预处理；在硝酸银溶液中浸渍，载上银化合物；将产物真空干燥后，在惰性气氛中加热分解为纳米银，获得负载纳米银的活性炭纤维敷料；然后在敷料单面喷涂上保湿剂。
进一步的，所述的活性炭纤维的比表面积不小于500m2/g。使活性炭纤维具有丰富的微孔，利于载银、控释银、吸液。
进一步的，所述的活性炭纤维预先采用双氧水、硝酸溶液、氨水进行预处理，再水洗后干燥。
进一步的，所述的活性炭纤维经过一次或多次硝酸银溶液浸渍，硝酸银溶液的浓度为0.1％～3％。
进一步的，所述的活性炭纤维浸渍后采用40～80℃下真空干燥3～24小时。
进一步的，所述的浸渍干燥后活性炭纤维在氩气或氮气气氛中升温至200～700℃，处理0.1～3小时，即获得负载纳米银的活性炭纤维敷料。
进一步的，所述保湿剂可以是以下其中一种或几种混合物，丙三醇、丙二醇、聚乙二醇、丁二醇、木糖醇、乳酸钠、尿素、蜂蜜、山梨糖醇、吡咯烷酮羧酸(钠)、动物胶、透明质酸、硫酸软骨素、胶原、维生素及蛋白质等。
本发明的有益效果如下：
(1)本发明采用活性炭纤维作为敷料的基质材料，利用其丰富的微孔结构吸附银离子，制得尺寸较小且均匀的纳米银。与普通载银敷料相比，具有更好的抗菌效果，且活性炭纤维微孔内的纳米银具有延缓释放的作用，比普通无微孔的炭纤维载银释放时间延长2倍以上，具有更长时间的抗菌效果。
(2)本发明制得的活性炭纤维敷料在释放纳米银起抗菌作用的同时，丰富的微孔可以吸收组织渗出液，而敷料单面喷涂的保湿剂可与渗出液中的水分结合，提供促进伤口愈合的微湿环境。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明的技术方案进行进一步详细的说明。这些说明只是举例说明本发明的特征和优点，而非限制本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
将比表面积1000m2/g左右的活性炭纤维浸泡在硝酸溶液中加热预处理一段时间后，取出水洗干燥；在含1％硝酸银溶液中浸渍，取出后在50℃下真空干燥24小时；在氮气气氛中加热至300℃，处理0.5小时，降至室温后取出；最后在载银活性炭纤维敷料单面喷涂上聚乙二醇，室温环境中自然晾干24小时，即制得长效抗菌控湿载银活性炭纤维敷料。
实施例2
将比表面积1000m2/g左右的活性炭纤维浸泡在双氧水溶液中加热预处理一段时间后，取出水洗干燥；在含0.5％硝酸银溶液中浸渍，取出后在60℃下真空干燥12小时，再用2％硝酸银溶液二次浸渍，取出后在60℃下真空干燥12小时；在氮气气氛中加热至200℃，处理3小时，降至室温后取出；最后在载银活性炭纤维敷料单面喷涂上乳酸钠，室温环境中自然晾干24小时，即制得长效抗菌控湿载银活性炭纤维敷料。
实施例2
将比表面积1000m2/g左右的活性炭纤维浸泡在氨水溶液中加热预处理一段时间后，取干燥；在含0.2％硝酸银溶液中浸渍，取出后在50℃下真空干燥24小时，再用3％硝酸银溶液二次浸渍，取出后在50℃下真空干燥24小时；在氮气气氛中加热至400℃，处理0.2小时，降至室温后取出；最后在载银活性炭纤维敷料单面喷涂上吡咯烷酮羧酸钠，室温环境中自然晾干24小时，即制得长效抗菌控湿载银活性炭纤维敷料。
本发明的实施方式并不限于上述实施例所述，在不偏离本发明的精神和范围的情况下，本领域普通技术人员可以在形式和细节上对本发明做出各种改进和改变，而这些均被认为落入本发明的保护范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种长效抗菌控湿载银活性炭纤维敷料的制备方法，其特征在于，该方法以活性炭纤维为载体，先经过表面改性预处理；在硝酸银溶液中浸渍，载上银化合物；将产物真空干燥后，在惰性气氛中加热分解为纳米银，获得负载纳米银的活性炭纤维敷料；然后在敷料单面喷涂上保湿剂，即得到长效抗菌控湿载银活性炭纤维敷料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的长效抗菌控湿载银活性炭纤维敷料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的活性炭纤维的比表面积不小于500m2/g。
3.根据权利要求1所述的长效抗菌控湿载银活性炭纤维敷料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的活性炭纤维预先采用双氧水、硝酸溶液、氨水进行预处理，再水洗后干燥。
4.根据权利要求1所述的长效抗菌控湿载银活性炭纤维敷料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的活性炭纤维经过一次或多次硝酸银溶液浸渍。
5.根据权利要求4所述的浸渍方法，其特征在于，硝酸银溶液的浓度为0.1％～3％。
6.根据权利要求1所述的长效抗菌控湿载银活性炭纤维敷料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的活性炭纤维浸渍后采用40～80℃下真空干燥3～24小时。
7.根据权利要求1所述的长效抗菌控湿载银活性炭纤维敷料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的浸渍干燥后活性炭纤维在氩气或氮气气氛中升温至200～700℃，处理0.1～3小时，即获得负载纳米银的活性炭纤维敷料。
8.根据权利要求1所述的长效抗菌控湿载银活性炭纤维敷料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述保湿剂可以是以下其中一种或几种混合物，丙三醇、丙二醇、聚乙二醇、丁二醇、木糖醇、乳酸钠、尿素、蜂蜜、山梨糖醇、吡咯烷酮羧酸、吡咯烷酮羧酸钠、动物胶、透明质酸、硫酸软骨素、胶原、维生素及蛋白质。
9.一种长效抗菌控湿载银活性炭纤维敷料是按照权利要求1所述方法制备的。
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