CN109425893A - A kind of carbonate fracture hole system development belt prediction technique and device - Google Patents
A kind of carbonate fracture hole system development belt prediction technique and device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of carbonate fracture hole system development belt prediction technique and devices, belong to seismic exploration reservoir prediction technical field, common seismic data are handled, obtained high-resolution seismic exploration data are subjected to paleogeographic reconstruction, the anisotropy fracture spacing obtained in conjunction with the inverting of anisotropy crack, ancient landform is high, anisotropy fracture spacing is big region is the Favorable Areas of carbonate fracture-vug zone, while guaranteeing working efficiency, the precision of the prediction of the fracture-vug zone of raising.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to seismic exploration reservoir prediction technical fields, and in particular to a kind of carbonate fracture hole system development belt is pre-
Survey method and device.
Background technique
Carbonate reservoir, which is formed, mainly to be influenced by the transformation of later period karst and abstriction, and secondary corrosion hole is formed
And crack, reservoir space are secondary corrosion hole and the fracture hole system that crack is constituted, fracture-vug zone predicts that difficulty is big.It is logical
Often, the development belt of this fracture hole system is predicted, only considers one of ancient landform and crack factor, it is pre- causes fracture hole system
Surveying result is one of corrosion hole or crack, it is difficult to the accurately distribution of prediction fracture hole system.
Since ancient landform is one of the Dominated Factors of later period karst transformation, fracture hole body can be pointed out from face using ancient landform
It is the Favorable Areas of development.Currently, the existing palaeogeomorphology using common seismic data, there is compensation thickness impression method, residual
Remaining Thickness Method is peeled back to and fills up the technologies such as method, sedimentary analysis.Due to the shadow by tectonic activities and attitude of stratum
It ringing, the above method is not in practical application, the ancient landform precision restored is generally high, and it is slow to restore palaeogeomorphic low efficiency, time,
Its concrete reason is: if stratum is relatively thin or lithology combination is complicated, top, bottom interface are difficult to accurately in conventional stacked seismic data
Identification and tracking, not high so as to cause the Palaeokarst Landform precision restored using impression method, residual thickness method, recovery time is slow；
On the other hand, since the inaccuracy of velocity field causes THICKNESS CALCULATION inaccuracy, it is also possible to cause paleogeographic reconstruction inaccurate.
The existing prediction using anisotropy crack prediction method to fracture-vug zone needs wide-azimuth acquisition earthquake money
Material can just overcome noise to the adverse effect of inversion result, and common seismic data is often not detailed enough, leads to fracture-vug zone
Prediction be difficult to meet the needs of development and production, forecasting inaccuracy is true, the time is long, and there are the predictions of more fracture hole system and real bore to produce
Not the case where not being inconsistent.
Summary of the invention
It is existing for solving the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of carbonate fracture hole system development belt prediction technique and device
The problem that carbonate fracture hole system development belt forecasting efficiency is low in technology, accuracy is low.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention proposes a kind of carbonate fracture hole system development belt prediction technique, including with
Lower step:
1) the post-stack migration seismic data of target zone is handled, obtains high-resolution seismic exploration data, utilize remaining thickness
Degree method carries out paleogeographic reconstruction to the high-resolution seismic exploration data, the carbonate fracture-vug zone obtained according to recovery ancient landform
Favorable Areas, be set as the first Favorable Areas；
2) the CRP gather data of acquisition are subjected to the inverting of anisotropy crack, the anisotropy for extracting target zone is split
Density is stitched, according to the Favorable Areas for the carbonate fracture-vug zone that the anisotropy fracture spacing of target zone obtains, being set as second has
Li Qu；
3) the first Favorable Areas and the second Favorable Areas are superimposed, finally obtain the Favorable Areas of carbonate fracture-vug zone.
The second Favorable Areas is close by the anisotropy crack of the anisotropy fracture spacing formation of target zone in step 2)
Degree flat distribution map obtains.
Processing described in step 1) is the following steps are included: compose to the post-stack migration seismic data of the target zone anti-
It drills, obtains reflection coefficient body, then carry out bandpass filtering, obtain the high-resolution seismic exploration data.
The inverting of anisotropy crack described in step 2) the following steps are included:
S1, the CRP gather data are carried out being divided into respectively with firing angle processing and a point azimuth is handled, obtains incidence
Angle gathers data and divide orientation angle stack data；
S2, AVO analysis is carried out to incident angle gathers data, obtains isotropism gradient and isotropism intercept；
S3, the amplitude that orientation angle stack data is divided according to, isotropism gradient and isotropism intercept, obtain it is each to
Anisotropic fracture spacing data volume extracts the anisotropy fracture spacing along interval of interest.
Paleogeographic reconstruction, including following step are carried out to the high-resolution seismic exploration data using residual thickness method in step 1)
It is rapid:
P1, the top circle and bottom circle for demarcating target zone in the high-resolution seismic exploration data using the log data of target zone
Position, carry out tracing of horizons, determine the position of the top interface, bottom interface of target zone on high-resolution seismic exploration data volume；
P2, interval of interest bottom interface and top interface subtract each other to obtain the residual time thickness of interval of interest, utilize residual thickness
The ancient landform of method recovery target zone.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention also proposes carbonate fracture hole system development belt prediction meanss, including following
Step:
The instruction executed including processor, the processor for realizing following steps:
1) the post-stack migration seismic data of target zone is handled, obtains high-resolution seismic exploration data, utilize remaining thickness
Degree method carries out paleogeographic reconstruction to the high-resolution seismic exploration data, the carbonate fracture-vug zone obtained according to recovery ancient landform
Favorable Areas, be set as the first Favorable Areas；
2) the CRP gather data of acquisition are subjected to the inverting of anisotropy crack, the anisotropy for extracting target zone is split
Density is stitched, according to the Favorable Areas for the carbonate fracture-vug zone that the anisotropy fracture spacing of target zone obtains, being set as second has
Li Qu；
3) the first Favorable Areas and the second Favorable Areas are superimposed, finally obtain the Favorable Areas of carbonate fracture-vug zone.
The second Favorable Areas is close by the anisotropy crack of the anisotropy fracture spacing formation of target zone in step 2)
Degree flat distribution map obtains.
The processing obtains anti-the following steps are included: the post-stack migration seismic data to the target zone carries out spectrum inverting
Coefficient body is penetrated, bandpass filtering is then carried out, obtains the high-resolution seismic exploration data.
Anisotropy crack inverting the following steps are included:
S1, the CRP gather data are carried out being divided into respectively with firing angle processing and a point azimuth is handled, obtains incidence
Angle gathers data and divide orientation angle stack data；
S2, AVO analysis is carried out to incident angle gathers data, obtains isotropism gradient and isotropism intercept；
S3, the amplitude that orientation angle stack data is divided according to, isotropism gradient and isotropism intercept, obtain it is each to
Anisotropic fracture spacing data volume extracts the anisotropy fracture spacing along interval of interest.
Paleogeographic reconstruction is carried out to the high-resolution seismic exploration data using residual thickness method, comprising the following steps:
P1, the top circle and bottom circle for demarcating target zone in the high-resolution seismic exploration data using the log data of target zone
Position, carry out tracing of horizons, determine the position of the top interface, bottom interface of target zone on high-resolution seismic exploration data volume；
P2, interval of interest bottom interface and top interface subtract each other to obtain the residual time thickness of interval of interest, utilize residual thickness
The ancient landform of method recovery target zone.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
Obtained high-resolution seismic exploration data are carried out paleogeographic reconstruction by the present invention, are obtained in conjunction with the inverting of anisotropy crack
Anisotropy fracture spacing, the Favorable Areas of fracture-vug zone that ancient landform obtains will be restored, and to carry out anisotropy crack anti-
The Favorable Areas for the fracture-vug zone drilled is overlapped, and superimposed region is the final advantageous of carbonate fracture-vug zone
Area, this method do not need wide-azimuth acquisition seismic data to the of less demanding of seismic data, can guarantee the same of working efficiency
When, the precision of the prediction of the fracture-vug zone of raising.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the specific implementation flow chart of the geophysics characterizing method of Mao Kou group fracture hole system；
Fig. 2 is original earthquake diagrammatic cross-section；
Fig. 3 is the reflection coefficient diagrammatic cross-section composing inverting and obtaining；
Fig. 4 is the seismic profile schematic diagram improved after resolution ratio；
Fig. 5 is the ancient landform schematic diagram restored using high-resolution seismic data；
Fig. 6 is anisotropy fracture spacing flat distribution map；
Fig. 7 is integrated forecasting fracture hole system distribution map.
Specific embodiment
A specific embodiment of the invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawing.
Carbonate fracture hole system development belt prediction technique of the invention the following steps are included:
1, data preparation: collecting certain work area three-dimensional post-stack migration seismic data, CRP gather data (CRP data),
Post-stack migration seismic profile is as shown in Figure 2.
2, raising resolution processes are carried out to post-stack migration seismic data.Specifically includes the following steps:
2.1 pairs of post-stack migration seismic datas carry out spectrum inverting using the ThinMan module in Cyrstal software, obtain anti-
Penetrate coefficient body, reflection coefficient section as shown in figure 3, between two lines be target zone bottom interface, due to target zone lithology with
Under cover formation lithology difference, causing bottom interface seismic reflection is complex wave, it is difficult to the accurate location of accurate tracking bottom interface；Reflection
In coefficient body, a pulse signal will form at each reflecting interface, be high-resolution data.
2.2 pairs of reflection coefficient bodies carry out bandpass filtering, obtain high-resolution seismic exploration data volume；Earthquake after improving resolution ratio
Section is as shown in Figure 4；Seismic profile after High-resolution Processing, at target zone bottom interface earthquake reflected wave be divided into two or
Multiple waveforms (in such as Fig. 4 between two lines) can shake the position that calibration accurately determines target zone bottom interface by well.
3, paleogeographic reconstruction is carried out using obtained high-resolution seismic exploration data:
3.1 demarcate the position on the top of target zone, bottom circle using the log data being collected into high-resolution seismic exploration data,
Then carry out tracing of horizons, determine entire interval of interest top, the bottom interface position on high-resolution seismic exploration data volume.
3.2 subtract each other the interval of interest top interface of tracking and bottom interface to obtain the residual time thickness of interval of interest, utilize
Residual thickness method restores ancient landform, and the ancient landform of interval of interest, the ancient landform of recovery such as Fig. 5 institute are represented using residual time thickness
Show.The Favorable Areas of the high position instruction fracture hole system development belt of ancient landform, is set as the first Favorable Areas.
4, the inverting of anisotropy crack is carried out using CRP gather data (CRP data):
4.1 pairs of CRP gather data being collected into carry out being divided into firing angle processing respectively and a point azimuth is handled, and obtain
Incident angle gathers data and divide orientation angle stack data.
4.2 usable Strata softwares or Jason software implement AVO analysis to incident angle gathers data
(Amplitude Variation with Offect, amplitude variation with Offset analysis), obtains isotropism intercept (Aiso)
With isotropism gradient (Biso).
4.3 regard isotropism intercept (Aiso) obtained in step 4.2 and isotropism gradient (Biso) as datum
According to input, anisotropy fracture spacing data volume is sought using inversion algorithm, calculation formula is as follows:
In formula,For the amplitude for dividing orientation angle stack data, Aiso is isotropism intercept, and Biso is each to same
Property gradient, α is velocity of longitudinal wave, and β is shear wave velocity, Δ δV、ΔγVFor Thomsen parameter, it is assumed that CRP (CRP gather) number
According to degree of covering be n, then above formula can simplify for AX=B, A be n row 2 arrange matrix, X is Δ δVWithIt constitutes
Column vector, B are amplitude and (Aiso+Biso sin in point orientation superposition of data2(θ)) difference.It is asked using least-squares algorithm
Solve above-mentioned determined linear equation, so that it may solve Δ δVWithThen two unknown quantitys are solved each to different using following formula
Property gradient (Bani):
4.4 extract the anisotropy fracture spacing of interval of interest along interval of interest, finally obtain interval of interest fracture spacing
Flat distribution map, as shown in Figure 6, wherein fracture spacing value is higher, then shows that crack is more developed.According to each to different of target zone
The Favorable Areas for the carbonate fracture-vug zone that property fracture spacing obtains, is set as the second Favorable Areas.
The method that anisotropy fracture spacing is sought in the inverting of above-mentioned anisotropy crack belongs to the prior art, referring specifically to one
Piece author is Chengdu University of Technology's master thesis the 28th, 29 of Sun Wuliang, entitled " parametric inversion of EDA medium is studied "
Page.
5, the first Favorable Areas and the second Favorable Areas are superimposed, obtain final Favorable Areas.Specifically, the mesh that step 3 obtains
Layer ancient landform and the obtained anisotropy fracture spacing flat distribution map overlapping of step 4, extract ancient landform it is high and respectively to
The high region of anisotropic fracture spacing finally obtains the Favorable Areas of fracture hole system development.
The present invention has fully considered the influence in ancient landform and crack in the prediction of carbonate rock fractured cave system.It is extensive in ancient landform
Before multiple, raising resolution processes are carried out to seismic data first, on the basis of high-resolution seismic data, it is extensive to carry out ancient landform
It is multiple, in the case where stratum is relatively thin, using time caliper recovery ancient landform, avoid when because of time and depth transfer caused by speed inaccuracy
Error.For FRACTURE PREDICTION, the present invention utilizes the conventional AVO intercept analyzed and gradient number based on Ruger equation
According to body as given data, the inverting of anisotropy crack is carried out, the stability of inversion result is improved.
Obtained high-resolution seismic exploration data are carried out paleogeographic reconstruction by the present invention, are obtained in conjunction with the inverting of anisotropy crack
Anisotropy fracture spacing, ancient landform is high, anisotropy fracture spacing is big region is having for carbonate fracture-vug zone
Li Qu.Compared with individually using anisotropy crack inversion prediction development belt Favorable Areas using ancient landform or individually, the present invention exists
While guaranteeing working efficiency, the prediction accuracy of fracture-vug zone is improved.To sum up, the present invention is for thin carbonate rock
Layer has comprehensively considered the factors such as ancient landform, crack and has carried out the prediction of fracture hole system, accurately predicts the advantageous of fracture hole system development
Area.
The invention also provides a kind of carbonate fracture hole system development belt prediction meanss, including processor, the processor to hold
It goes for realizing the instruction of following steps:
1) the post-stack migration seismic data of target zone is handled, obtains high-resolution seismic exploration data, utilize remaining thickness
Degree method carries out paleogeographic reconstruction to the high-resolution seismic exploration data, the carbonate fracture-vug zone obtained according to recovery ancient landform
Favorable Areas, be set as the first Favorable Areas；
2) the CRP gather data of acquisition are subjected to the inverting of anisotropy crack, the anisotropy for extracting target zone is split
Density is stitched, according to the Favorable Areas for the carbonate fracture-vug zone that the anisotropy fracture spacing of target zone obtains, being set as second has
Li Qu；
3) the first Favorable Areas and the second Favorable Areas are superimposed, finally obtain the Favorable Areas of carbonate fracture-vug zone.
Signified carbonate fracture hole system development belt prediction meanss, are actually based on the method for the present invention in above-described embodiment
A kind of computer solution of process, i.e., a kind of software architecture can be applied in processor, above-mentioned apparatus be and method
The corresponding treatment progress of process.Since sufficiently clear is complete for the introduction to the above method, therefore no longer it is described in detail.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to restrict the invention, for those skilled in the art
For member, the invention may be variously modified and varied.All within the spirits and principles of the present invention, it is made it is any modification,
Equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should be included within scope of the presently claimed invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of carbonate fracture hole system development belt prediction technique, which comprises the following steps:
1) the post-stack migration seismic data of target zone is handled, obtains high-resolution seismic exploration data, utilize residual thickness method
Paleogeographic reconstruction is carried out to the high-resolution seismic exploration data, the carbonate fracture-vug zone obtained according to recovery ancient landform has
Li Qu is set as the first Favorable Areas；
2) the CRP gather data of acquisition are subjected to the inverting of anisotropy crack, the anisotropy crack for extracting target zone is close
Degree, according to the anisotropy fracture spacing of target zone, it is advantageous to be set as second for the Favorable Areas of obtained carbonate fracture-vug zone
Area；
3) the first Favorable Areas and the second Favorable Areas are superimposed, finally obtain the Favorable Areas of carbonate fracture-vug zone.
2. carbonate fracture hole system development belt prediction technique according to claim 1, which is characterized in that second in step 2)
Favorable Areas is that the anisotropy fracture spacing flat distribution map formed by the anisotropy fracture spacing of target zone obtains.
3. carbonate fracture hole system development belt prediction technique according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described in step 1)
Processing obtains reflection coefficient body, then the following steps are included: the post-stack migration seismic data to the target zone carries out spectrum inverting
Bandpass filtering is carried out, the high-resolution seismic exploration data are obtained.
4. carbonate fracture hole system development belt prediction technique according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described in step 2)
The inverting of anisotropy crack the following steps are included:
S1, the CRP gather data are carried out being divided into respectively with firing angle processing and a point azimuth is handled, obtains incidence angle road
Collect data and divides orientation angle stack data；
S2, AVO analysis is carried out to incident angle gathers data, obtains isotropism gradient and isotropism intercept；
S3, the amplitude that orientation angle stack data is divided according to, isotropism gradient and isotropism intercept, obtain anisotropy
Fracture spacing data volume extracts the anisotropy fracture spacing along interval of interest.
5. carbonate fracture hole system development belt prediction technique according to claim 1, which is characterized in that utilized in step 1)
Residual thickness method carries out paleogeographic reconstruction to the high-resolution seismic exploration data, comprising the following steps:
P1, the position for pushing up boundary and bottom circle for demarcating target zone in the high-resolution seismic exploration data using the log data of target zone
It sets, carries out tracing of horizons, determine the position of the top interface, bottom interface of target zone on high-resolution seismic exploration data volume；
P2, interval of interest bottom interface and top interface subtract each other to obtain the residual time thickness of interval of interest, extensive using residual thickness method
The ancient landform of multiple target zone.
6. a kind of carbonate fracture hole system development belt prediction meanss, which is characterized in that including processor, processor execution is used for
Realize the instruction of following steps:
1) the post-stack migration seismic data of target zone is handled, obtains high-resolution seismic exploration data, utilize residual thickness method
Paleogeographic reconstruction is carried out to the high-resolution seismic exploration data, the carbonate fracture-vug zone obtained according to recovery ancient landform has
Li Qu is set as the first Favorable Areas；
2) the CRP gather data of acquisition are subjected to the inverting of anisotropy crack, the anisotropy crack for extracting target zone is close
Degree, according to the Favorable Areas for the carbonate fracture-vug zone that the anisotropy fracture spacing of target zone obtains, is set as the second Favorable Areas；
3) the first Favorable Areas and the second Favorable Areas are superimposed, finally obtain the Favorable Areas of carbonate fracture-vug zone.
7. carbonate fracture hole system development belt prediction meanss according to claim 6, which is characterized in that second in step 2)
Favorable Areas is that the anisotropy fracture spacing flat distribution map formed by the anisotropy fracture spacing of target zone obtains.
8. carbonate fracture hole system development belt prediction meanss according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the processing includes
Following steps: spectrum inverting is carried out to the post-stack migration seismic data of the target zone, reflection coefficient body is obtained, then carries out band logical
Filtering, obtains the high-resolution seismic exploration data.
9. carbonate fracture hole system development belt prediction meanss according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the anisotropy
Crack inverting the following steps are included:
S1, the CRP gather data are carried out being divided into respectively with firing angle processing and a point azimuth is handled, obtains incidence angle road
Collect data and divides orientation angle stack data；
S2, AVO analysis is carried out to incident angle gathers data, obtains isotropism gradient and isotropism intercept；
S3, the amplitude that orientation angle stack data is divided according to, isotropism gradient and isotropism intercept, obtain anisotropy
Fracture spacing data volume extracts the anisotropy fracture spacing along interval of interest.
10. carbonate fracture hole system development belt prediction meanss according to claim 6, which is characterized in that utilize remaining thickness
Degree method carries out paleogeographic reconstruction to the high-resolution seismic exploration data, comprising the following steps:
P1, the position for pushing up boundary and bottom circle for demarcating target zone in the high-resolution seismic exploration data using the log data of target zone
It sets, carries out tracing of horizons, determine the position of the top interface, bottom interface of target zone on high-resolution seismic exploration data volume；
P2, interval of interest bottom interface and top interface subtract each other to obtain the residual time thickness of interval of interest, extensive using residual thickness method
The ancient landform of multiple target zone.
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| CN112835101A (en) * | 2021-03-13 | 2021-05-25 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Fracture fluid factor prediction method and system |
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| CN102854527A (en) * | 2012-07-13 | 2013-01-02 | 孙赞东 | Fracture fluid identifying method based on longitudinal wave azimuthal AVO (Amplitude Variation with Offset) |
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| CN112835101A (en) * | 2021-03-13 | 2021-05-25 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Fracture fluid factor prediction method and system |
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