CN109424703A - 一种汽车变速器 - Google Patents

一种汽车变速器 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109424703A
CN109424703A CN201710759901.2A CN201710759901A CN109424703A CN 109424703 A CN109424703 A CN 109424703A CN 201710759901 A CN201710759901 A CN 201710759901A CN 109424703 A CN109424703 A CN 109424703A
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Prior art keywords
gear
speed changer
shift fork
gear lever
lever
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CN201710759901.2A
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English (en)
Inventor
林夏民
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Nanjing Jin Crown Beijing Great Automotive Components Co Ltd
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Nanjing Jin Crown Beijing Great Automotive Components Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201710759901.2A priority Critical patent/CN109424703A/zh
Publication of CN109424703A publication Critical patent/CN109424703A/zh
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
    • F16H3/087—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears
    • F16H3/091—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears including a single countershaft
    • F16H3/0915—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears including a single countershaft with coaxial input and output shafts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/02—Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein
    • F16H57/023—Mounting or installation of gears or shafts in the gearboxes, e.g. methods or means for assembly
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H63/00—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
    • F16H63/02—Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/04—Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms a single final output mechanism being moved by a single final actuating mechanism
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H63/00—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
    • F16H63/02—Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/30—Constructional features of the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/32—Gear shift yokes, e.g. shift forks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/02—Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein
    • F16H2057/02039—Gearboxes for particular applications
    • F16H2057/02043—Gearboxes for particular applications for vehicle transmissions

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Structure Of Transmissions (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供了一种汽车变速器，包括传动机构、同步器和操纵机构；传动机构用于改变转矩、转速和旋转方向；操纵机构用于控制传动机构实现变速器的传动比的变换；同步器用于避免齿间冲击。本发明的变速器结构简单，反应更加灵敏。

Description

一种汽车变速器
技术领域
本发明涉及汽车配件领域，具体涉及一种汽车变速器。
背景技术
汽车变速器，是一套用于来协调发动机的转速和车轮的实际行驶速度的变速装置，用于发挥发动机的最佳性能。变速器可以在汽车行驶过程中，在发动机和车轮之间产生不同的变速比，通过换挡可以使发动机工作在其最佳的动力性能状态下。变速器的发展趋势是越来越复杂，自动化程度也越来越高，自动变速器将是未来的主流。
变速器可以在汽车行驶过程中，在发动机和车轮之间产生不同的变速比，通过换挡可以使发动机工作在其最佳的动力性能状态下。
发明内容
发明目的：为了克服现有技术中存在的不足，本发明提供一种汽车变速器。
技术方案：
一种汽车变速器，包括传动机构、同步器和操纵机构；传动机构用于改变转矩、转速和旋转方向；操纵机构用于控制传动机构实现变速器的传动比的变换；同步器用于避免齿间冲击。
所述变速器分为三轴变速器和两轴变速器。
所述操纵机构包括变速杆、拨叉、拨叉轴和锁止机构；所述变速杆用以接合或分离变速器内各档齿轮，从而改变传递的转矩和转速及运转方向；变速拨叉用螺钉固定在拨叉轴上，下端伸入挂档齿轮的环槽内；锁止机构包括自锁、互锁和倒档锁，防止自动换档和自动脱档。
变速杆中部具有球面，支承在变速器盖内，变速杆上部在驾驶室内。
扳动变速杆时，变速杆以球面为支点，使变速杆下端作横向运动，伸入—个变速拨叉顶部凹槽中，然后变速杆再作纵向运动，通过变速拨叉移动挂档齿轮，与所挂档位的齿轮啮合，挂入档位。
有益效果：本发明的变速器与现有技术相比：本发明的变速器结构简单，反应更加灵敏。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图。
如图1所示，1-倒档轴；2-变速器壳；3-第二轴；4-第一轴。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明作更进一步的说明。
本发明的变速器由传动机构、同步器和操纵机构组成。变速器的传动机构的主要作用是改变转矩、转速和旋转方向；变速器的操纵机构的主要作用是控制传动机构实现变速器的传动比的变换。普通齿轮变速器主要分为三轴变速器和两轴变速器两种：三轴变速器这类变速器的前进档主要由输入(第一)轴、中间轴和输出(第二)轴组成；两轴变速器这类变速器的前进档主要由输入和输出两根轴组成。如图1所示。
变速器在进行换档操作时，尤其是从高档向低档的换档很容易产生轮齿或花键齿间的冲击。为了避免齿间冲击，在换档装置中都设置同步器。同步器有常压式和惯性式两种，目前大部分同步式变速器上采用的是惯性同步器，它主要由接合套、同步锁环等组成，主要是依靠摩擦作用实现同步。
变速器操纵机构组成：变速杆、拨叉、拨叉轴和锁止机构组成；变速器操纵杆简称变速杆，又称排档杆，是变速器的操纵控制机件，用以接合或分离变速器内各档齿轮，从而改变传递的转矩和转速及运转方向，使得汽车前进或倒退。 变速杆中部具有球面，支承在变速器盖内，变速杆上部在驾驶室内。扳动变速杆时，变速杆以球面为支点，使变速杆下端作横向运动，伸入—个变速拨叉顶部凹槽中，然后变速杆再作纵向运动，通过变速拨叉移动挂档齿轮，与所挂档位的齿轮啮合，挂入档位。变速拨叉用螺钉固定在拨叉轴上，下端伸入挂档齿轮(或接合齿套)的环槽内。拨叉轴可以沿轴向移动。空档时，各拨叉顶部凹槽都对齐，使变速杆下端可作横向移动，伸入所挂档位的拨叉凹槽内。锁止机构包括自锁、互锁和倒档锁，防止自动换档和自动脱档。
变速器操纵机构能让驾驶员使变速器挂上或摘下某一档，从而改变变速器的工作状态。为了保证变速器的可靠工作，变速器操纵机构应能满足以下要求：（1）、挂档后应保证结合套与结合齿圈的全部套合（或滑动齿轮换档时，全齿长都进入啮合）。在振动等条件影响下，操纵机构应保证变速器不自行挂档或自行脱档。为此在操纵机构中设有自锁装置，防止自动脱档。（2）、为了防止同时挂上两个档而使变速器卡死或损坏，在操纵机构中设有互锁装置。
发动机的动力输入轴是通过一根中间轴，间接与动力输出轴连接的。中间轴的两个齿轮与动力输出轴上的两个齿轮是随着发动机输出一起转动的。但是如果没有同步器的接合，两个齿轮只能在动力输出轴上空转(即不会带动输出轴转动)。
当变速杆向左移动，使同步器向右移动与齿轮接合，发动机动力通过中间轴的齿轮，将动力传递给动力输出轴。
一般的手动变速器都有好几个档位，可以理解为在原来的基础上添加了几组齿轮，其实原理都是一样的。如当挂上1挡时，实际上是将(1、2挡同步器)向左移动使同步器与1挡从动齿轮接合，将动力传递到输出轴。细心的朋友会发现，R档(倒车档)的主动齿轮和从动齿轮中夹了一个中间齿轮，就是通过这个齿轮实现汽车的倒退行驶。
当同步锁环内锥面与待接合齿轮齿圈外锥面接触后，在摩擦力矩的作用下齿轮转速迅速降低(或升高)到与同步锁环转速相等，两者同步旋转，齿轮相对于同步锁环的转速为零，因而惯性力矩也同时消失，这时在作用力的推动下，接合套不受阻碍地与同步锁环齿圈接合，并进一步与待接合齿轮的齿圈接合而完成换档过程。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出：对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (5)

1.一种汽车变速器，其特征在于：包括传动机构、同步器和操纵机构；传动机构用于改变转矩、转速和旋转方向；操纵机构用于控制传动机构实现变速器的传动比的变换；同步器用于避免齿间冲击。
2.根据权利要求1所述的汽车变速器，其特征在于：所述变速器分为三轴变速器和两轴变速器。
3.根据权利要求1所述的汽车变速器，其特征在于：所述操纵机构包括变速杆、拨叉、拨叉轴和锁止机构；所述变速杆用以接合或分离变速器内各档齿轮，从而改变传递的转矩和转速及运转方向；变速拨叉用螺钉固定在拨叉轴上，下端伸入挂档齿轮的环槽内；锁止机构包括自锁、互锁和倒档锁，防止自动换档和自动脱档。
4.根据权利要求3所述的汽车变速器，其特征在于：变速杆中部具有球面，支承在变速器盖内，变速杆上部在驾驶室内。
5.根据权利要求3所述的汽车变速器，其特征在于：扳动变速杆时，变速杆以球面为支点，使变速杆下端作横向运动，伸入—个变速拨叉顶部凹槽中，然后变速杆再作纵向运动，通过变速拨叉移动挂档齿轮，与所挂档位的齿轮啮合，挂入档位。
CN201710759901.2A 2017-08-30 2017-08-30 一种汽车变速器 Withdrawn CN109424703A (zh)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113606296A (zh) * 2021-08-04 2021-11-05 朱丽鹏 一种大型旋转轴用过载缓变式启动连接装置

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KR100773627B1 (ko) * 2005-02-22 2007-11-05 가부시끼 가이샤 구보다 트랙터의 미션 구조
CN104179896A (zh) * 2013-05-28 2014-12-03 重庆铜川科技发展有限公司 电动车高低档转换减速器

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113606296A (zh) * 2021-08-04 2021-11-05 朱丽鹏 一种大型旋转轴用过载缓变式启动连接装置

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