CN109422534B - Carbon sliding plate and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Carbon sliding plate and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN109422534B
CN109422534B CN201710740916.4A CN201710740916A CN109422534B CN 109422534 B CN109422534 B CN 109422534B CN 201710740916 A CN201710740916 A CN 201710740916A CN 109422534 B CN109422534 B CN 109422534B
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carbon
resin
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artificial graphite
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CN109422534A (en
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徐述荣
郭少聪
陈沛杭
郭晓明
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BYD Co Ltd
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    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/52—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L5/00—Current collectors for power supply lines of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L5/18—Current collectors for power supply lines of electrically-propelled vehicles using bow-type collectors in contact with trolley wire
    • B60L5/20—Details of contact bow
    • B60L5/205—Details of contact bow with carbon contact members
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
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    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
    • C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
    • C04B41/51—Metallising, e.g. infiltration of sintered ceramic preforms with molten metal
    • C04B41/5127—Cu, e.g. Cu-CuO eutectic
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    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
    • C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
    • C04B41/51—Metallising, e.g. infiltration of sintered ceramic preforms with molten metal
    • C04B41/5133—Metallising, e.g. infiltration of sintered ceramic preforms with molten metal with a composition mainly composed of one or more of the refractory metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
    • C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
    • C04B41/85—Coating or impregnation with inorganic materials
    • C04B41/88—Metals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
    • B60L2200/26—Rail vehicles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/40—Metallic constituents or additives not added as binding phase
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    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
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    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
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    • C04B2235/407—Copper
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    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/42—Non metallic elements added as constituents or additives, e.g. sulfur, phosphor, selenium or tellurium
    • C04B2235/422—Carbon
    • C04B2235/424—Carbon black
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    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/42—Non metallic elements added as constituents or additives, e.g. sulfur, phosphor, selenium or tellurium
    • C04B2235/422—Carbon
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  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
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  • Current-Collector Devices For Electrically Propelled Vehicles (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of conductive friction materials, and discloses a carbon sliding plate and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the carbon sliding plate comprises a carbon blank and copper and/or copper alloy impregnated in the carbon blank, the carbon blank is prepared by carbonizing a green blank and then soaking the green blank in resin, and the green blank contains artificial graphite powder, petroleum coke powder, carbon black and MoS2And binder, wherein the total weight of the green body is used as a reference, the content of the artificial graphite powder is 38-70 wt%, the content of the petroleum coke powder is 7-36 wt%, the content of the carbon black is 1.5-6 wt%, and MoS2The content of (A) is 0.5-3 wt%, and the content of the binder is 12-25 wt%. The carbon sliding plate has lower contact resistance, better mechanical property and better arc ablation resistance.

Description

Carbon sliding plate and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of conductive friction materials, in particular to a carbon sliding plate and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Application No. 93111950.2(CN1032741C) discloses a pantograph pan of an electric locomotive and a manufacturing method thereof, which comprises the steps of manufacturing carbon matrix carbon strips, dipping the carbon strips by molten copper alloy, and mechanically processing the dipped carbon strips into finished products, and is characterized in that Fe with the weight ratio of less than 10 percent is added into the manufacturing formula of the carbon matrix carbon strips2O3The manufacturing method of the pantograph pan of the electric locomotive and the product thereof are that tin (Sn) with the weight ratio of 7-10 percent, Si with the weight ratio of 1-2 percent and Ni with the weight ratio of 1-2 percent are added into molten copper alloy. The carbon material part comprises raw asphalt coke powder 65-75%, cryptocrystalline graphite powder 5-10%, channel carbon black 5-10% and Fe less than 10%2O3. The copper alloy comprises Pb 15-20%, Sn 8-10%, Si and Ni 1-2%, and the balance of Cu. The technology is optimized on the basis of the CuPb alloy. The CuPb alloy is applied to the dynamic electricity taking process of the carbon sliding plate by taking Pb as soft metalThe wear reducing function is realized; the technology is characterized in that two elements of Si and Ni are added into the CuPb alloy to prevent Pb segregation in the alloy. The disadvantages include: 1. the alloy uses a large amount of lead, 15-20%. According to the standard GB 7355-1987 hygienic standard for lead and inorganic compounds thereof in the atmosphere, the daily average maximum allowable concentration of lead and inorganic compounds thereof (converted to lead) in the atmosphere of a residential area is 0.0015mg/m3. Therefore, when using copper-lead alloy, the protection and treatment of lead dust are important considerations. 2. The use of a large amount of low-melting-point metal can reduce the arc ablation resistance of the carbon sliding plate. And the arc ablation resistance is directly related to the abrasion life of the carbon sliding plate.
Patent application CN101492015B (application No. 200910046876.9) discloses a netted lamination carbon-copper composite pantograph slide plate, wherein, netted lamination carbon-copper composite be prepared by the hot pressing solidification of the flaky material that the multilayer is flatly laid and is folded together, the flaky material is graphite paper and composite bed, the composite bed comprises on the carbon fiber cloth of taking the mesh by fine copper wire net tiling coincide, it has the pasty glue that is kneaded and is formed by graphite powder, copper powder, thermosetting resin to coat on the carbon fiber cloth of taking the mesh, the tiling and the coincidence order of flaky material is that the multilayer composite bed presss from both sides between two-layer graphite paper. Among them, the metal-impregnated carbon sliding plate disclosed in the background art thereof is manufactured in a relatively conventional manner.
Patent application CN105150857B (application No. 201510593164.4) discloses a C/C-Cu composite material for pantograph pan, the C/C-Cu composite material comprises pre-impregnated carbon cloth and a copper mesh, and after the pre-impregnated carbon cloth and the copper mesh are sequentially overlapped and formed layer by layer, the multi-pass impregnation and the curing are carried out in resin until the density is 1.80-2.5g/cm3。
Patent application CN104550868B (application No. 201510018265.9) discloses a vacuum pressure infiltration method of a pantograph metal-impregnated carbon sliding plate, wherein the copper alloy has an additive element addition amount of 0.6-1 wt% of Cr or 0.8-1.2 wt% of Ti.
Patent application CN104649700B (application No. 201310582451.6) discloses a manufacturing method of a pantograph carbon slide plate, wherein, 28-43 parts by weight of petroleum coke powder, 25-28 parts by weight of asphalt coke powder, 10-12 parts by weight of spray carbon black, 2-5 parts by weight of sulfur, 3-5 parts by weight of boron nitride, 5-8 parts by weight of carbon fiber, 4-6 parts by weight of natural graphite, 5-7 parts by weight of artificial graphite, 1-3 parts by weight of calcium chloride powder and 30-35 parts by weight of modified asphalt. The method does not soak copper and coke powder.
Patent application CN102923008B (application No. 201210437561.9) discloses a carbon-based sliding plate material for a high-speed railway pantograph, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 10-30 wt% of graphite, 40-60 wt% of coke powder, 15-25 wt% of thermosetting phenolic resin, 2-8 wt% of alumina and 1-5 wt% of glass powder. Copper plating and coke powder main body.
Patent application CN103847527B (application No. 201410074682.0) discloses a pantograph slide plate of a high-speed railway motor train unit, wherein the pantograph slide plate is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-10 parts of carbon material, 0.3-1.5 parts of graphite, 1.4-4.7 parts of seepage metal and 2.1-5.8 parts of molten asphalt; the carbon material is 200-400 mesh asphalt coke powder, the graphite is 300-mesh electrode graphite, and the seepage metal is selected from silver, copper or zinc metal powder which is crushed into 500-1000 mesh. Electrode graphite and coke powder main body.
Patent application CN104774012B (application No. 201510214172.3) discloses a production method of a copper-impregnated carbon sliding plate of an electric locomotive pantograph, wherein the production method comprises 60-80 parts of asphalt coke powder, 12-16 parts of graphite powder, 10-15 parts of siliconized graphite powder and 30-35 parts of high-temperature asphalt. A coke powder body. The production method comprises the following steps of 1) mixing asphalt coke powder, graphite silicide powder and high-temperature asphalt according to a ratio and then grinding the mixture into powder; prepressing the mixed powder into a material column at one stage, curing, extruding, forming and roasting to obtain the composite carbon sliding plate; 2) cleaning and drying the composite carbon sliding plate, cooling, putting the composite carbon sliding plate into a graphite crucible, and preheating in a 1300-1400 ℃ electric furnace; and pouring the copper liquid into the crucible to immerse the composite carbon sliding plate, placing the crucible into an oil press middle cover, introducing nitrogen, keeping the temperature for 3-5 minutes under a specific pressure, relieving the pressure and cooling.
Patent application DE9311836 discloses that the dry material is selected from the lubricating properties of graphite, graphite fluoride, molybdenum disulfide.
In summary, in the background art disclosed above, most of the raw materials used in the method for manufacturing the carbon sliding plate are coke powder, which can improve the wear resistance, but the coke powder contains many impurities, has a low specific heat capacity, and has low ablation resistance and heat resistance; still another patent application contains Pb in the copper alloy, and the application of Pb has hidden troubles to the environment and the occupational health of staff; the C/C-Cu composite material is used, and Cr is added into copper, but the mechanical property, the conductivity and the arc ablation resistance of the prepared carbon sliding plate are poor due to the influence of other conditions such as a process method and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a carbon sliding plate and a preparation method and application thereof. The carbon sliding plate provided by the invention has lower contact resistance, better mechanical property and better arc ablation resistance. The carbon sliding plate provided by the invention can be applied to the aspects of a pantograph or a collector shoe in a power taking system of an electric locomotive (high-speed rail, subway, light rail and single rail).
In order to achieve the above object, according to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a carbon sliding plate, wherein the carbon sliding plate comprises a carbon green body and copper and/or copper alloy impregnated in the carbon green body, the carbon green body is prepared by carbonizing a green body and then impregnating the green body in a resin, and the green body contains artificial graphite powder, petroleum coke powder, carbon black, and MoS2And a binder, wherein the total weight of the green body is used as a reference, the content of the artificial graphite powder is 30-79 wt%, the content of the petroleum coke powder is 7-36 wt%, the content of the carbon black is 1.5-6 wt%, and the MoS is prepared from the raw material of the green body2Is 0.5-3 wt%, and the binder is 12-25 wt%.
Preferably, based on the total weight of the green body, the content of the artificial graphite powder is 50-61.2 wt%, the content of the petroleum coke powder is 10-20 wt%, the content of the carbon black is 2-5 wt%, and the MoS is2In an amount of 0.8-2 wt.%, of the binderThe content is 16-23 wt%.
Preferably, the copper alloy is a CuCr alloy; the binder is resin; the resin is one or more of asphalt, phenolic resin, epoxy resin and unsaturated polyester resin, and the epoxy resin is phenolic epoxy resin; preferably, the resin is pitch and/or phenolic resin; more preferably, the resin is pitch.
Preferably, the particle size of the artificial graphite powder is 40-50 μm, the particle size of the petroleum coke powder is 5-15 μm, and the particle size of the carbon black is 10-100 nm.
Preferably, the volume density of the carbon body is 1.6-1.7g/cm3The porosity is 10-20%.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a carbon sliding plate, wherein the method comprises the steps of:
(1) mixing artificial graphite powder, petroleum coke powder, carbon black and MoS2Kneading with a binder, and performing compression molding and/or extrusion molding to obtain a green body;
(2) carbonizing the green body to prepare a primary blank;
(3) dipping the primary blank into resin to prepare a carbon blank;
(4) carrying out copper infiltration treatment on the carbon blank and copper and/or copper alloy;
wherein, based on the total weight of the green body, the usage amount of the artificial graphite powder is 30-79 wt%, the usage amount of the petroleum coke powder is 7-36 wt%, the usage amount of the carbon black is 1.5-6 wt%, and the MoS is used2Is used in an amount of 0.5 to 3 wt%, and the binder is used in an amount of 12 to 25 wt%.
Preferably, the amount of the artificial graphite powder is 50-61.2 wt%, the amount of the petroleum coke powder is 10-20 wt%, the amount of the carbon black is 2-5 wt%, and the MoS is based on the total weight of the green body2Is used in an amount of 0.8 to 2 wt%, and the binder is used in an amount of 16 to 23 wt%.
Preferably, the copper alloy is a CuCr alloy; the binder is resin; the resin is one or more of asphalt, phenolic resin, epoxy resin and unsaturated resin, and the epoxy resin is phenolic epoxy resin; preferably, the resin is pitch and/or phenolic resin; more preferably, the resin is pitch.
Preferably, the particle size of the artificial graphite powder is 40-50 μm, the particle size of the petroleum coke powder is 5-15 μm, and the particle size of the carbon black is 10-100 nm.
Preferably, in step (1), the kneading conditions include: the temperature is 80-200 ℃; the compression molding and/or extrusion molding conditions include: the temperature is 50-120 ℃, and the time is 5-15 minutes;
in the step (2), the carbonization conditions include: the temperature rise speed is 0.1-0.5 ℃/min, the temperature is 1000-1300 ℃, and the time is 1-3 hours;
in the step (3), the resin-impregnating conditions include: the temperature is 150 ℃ and 200 ℃;
in the step (4), the condition of the copper infiltration treatment comprises the following steps: the temperature is 1300-1500 ℃, the pressure is 10-30MPa, and the infiltration time is 10-30 min.
Preferably, the volume density of the carbon body is 1.6-1.7g/cm3The porosity is 10-20%.
In a third aspect, the invention further provides an application of the carbon sliding plate and the carbon sliding plate prepared by the preparation method in the aspects of a pantograph or a collector shoe of an electric power system (high-speed rail, subway, light rail and single rail) of an electric locomotive.
The invention takes artificial graphite powder as a main body and is added with petroleum coke powder, carbon black and MoS2Compared with the prior art, the petroleum coke powder has more impurities, low specific heat capacity and low burning and heat resistance although the wear resistance can be improved by using the adhesive as the main component of the carbon body, and the artificial graphite has higher specific heat capacity and higher heat conductivity coefficient compared with other carbon materials, and the properties can improve the arc burning resistance of the carbon sliding plate; meanwhile, the self-lubricating property of the artificial graphite can reduce the abrasion of the carbon sliding plate to the conducting wire or the conducting rail. In addition, the pure copper is selected, has lower resistance, higher specific heat capacity, better heat-conducting property and no toxicity compared with the common CuPb alloy,these properties will make the carbon skid plate have better arc ablation resistance; and CuCr alloy is selected, so that the wettability of the copper alloy to the carbon body can be improved; therefore, the carbon sliding plate of the present invention has lower contact resistance-joule heat generated by energization can be reduced; better mechanical property, namely the impact resistance of the carbon sliding plate can be improved; and better arc ablation resistance-is determined by high specific heat capacity and high melting point.
Detailed Description
The endpoints of the ranges and any values disclosed herein are not limited to the precise range or value, and such ranges or values should be understood to encompass values close to those ranges or values. For ranges of values, between the endpoints of each of the ranges and the individual points, and between the individual points may be combined with each other to give one or more new ranges of values, and these ranges of values should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.
In order to achieve the above objects, according to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a carbon sliding plate, wherein the carbon sliding plate may include a carbon body and copper and/or a copper alloy impregnated in the carbon body, the carbon body may be prepared by carbonizing a green body, and then impregnating the green body in a resin, and the green body may include artificial graphite powder, petroleum coke powder, carbon black, MoS2And a binder, wherein the content of the artificial graphite powder can be 30-79 wt%, the content of the petroleum coke powder can be 7-36 wt%, the content of the carbon black can be 1.5-6 wt%, and the MoS is based on the total weight of the green body2May be present in an amount of 0.5 to 3 wt%, and the binder may be present in an amount of 12 to 25 wt%. In the present invention, although the components and component contents of the green compact are limited to the above ranges, it is preferable that the artificial graphite powder is contained in an amount of 50 to 61.2 wt%, the petroleum coke powder is contained in an amount of 10 to 20 wt%, the carbon black is contained in an amount of 2 to 5 wt%, and the MoS is contained in an amount of 50 to 61.2 wt%, based on the total weight of the green compact2The content of (b) is 0.8-2 wt%, and the effect is better when the content of the binder is 16-23 wt%.
According to the invention, the copper alloy may be a CuCr alloy; in the present invention, the CuCr alloy may be commercially available. For example, the CuCr alloys used in the present invention are commercially available, and the content of Cr in the CuCr alloys is 0.5 to 2 wt%. In the invention, the carbon body contains trace Cr, so that the wettability of the CuCr alloy to the carbon body can be improved.
According to the invention, the binder may be a resin; the resin is one or more of asphalt, phenolic resin, epoxy resin and unsaturated polyester resin, and the epoxy resin is phenolic epoxy resin; preferably, the resin is pitch and/or phenolic resin; more preferably, the resin is pitch
According to the invention, the particle size of the artificial graphite powder can be 40-50 μm, the particle size of the petroleum coke powder can be 5-15 μm, and the particle size of the carbon black can be 10-100 nm.
According to the present invention, the artificial graphite powder can be obtained commercially. For example, the artificial graphite powders used in the examples of the present invention are all commercially available, and the artificial graphite has a specific heat capacity of 710J/(kg. K), a thermal conductivity of 110W/(m. K), and a density of 2.0g/cm3(ii) a The artificial graphite adopted by the invention is compact and seamless in the interior, because the artificial graphite is coke and mesophase, in the high-temperature graphitization process, the crystal structure is rearranged according to the ABAB structure and is polymerized and shrunk, and the interior is compact and seamless; the natural graphite keeps the layered structure of the flake graphite, and a large number of gaps exist among the layered structures, because in the microstructure, the natural graphite (the flake graphite) is of the layered structure and has the layered structure of the flake graphite, so that more closed pores of the natural graphite exist, and metal cannot be filled when the closed pores are impregnated with metal, namely the whole metal-impregnated carbon sliding plate has defects and has adverse effects on the mechanical property and the conductivity of the metal-impregnated carbon sliding plate; therefore, the artificial graphite is adopted in the invention, and the defects are overcome.
According to the invention, the bulk density of the carbon body can be 1.6 to 1.7g/cm3The porosity may be 10-20%.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a carbon sliding plate, wherein the method comprises the steps of:
(1) mixing artificial graphite powder, petroleum coke powder, carbon black and MoS2Kneading with a binder, and performing compression molding and/or extrusion molding to obtain a green body;
(2) carbonizing the green body to obtain a primary blank;
(3) dipping the primary blank into resin to prepare a carbon blank;
(4) carrying out copper infiltration treatment on the carbon blank and copper and/or copper alloy;
wherein, based on the total weight of the green body, the usage amount of the artificial graphite powder is 30-79 wt%, the usage amount of the petroleum coke powder is 7-36 wt%, the usage amount of the carbon black is 1.5-6 wt%, and the MoS is used2Is used in an amount of 0.5 to 3 wt%, and the binder is used in an amount of 12 to 25 wt%. In the present invention, although the components and component contents of the green compact are limited to the above ranges, it is preferable that the artificial graphite powder is used in an amount of 50 to 61.2 wt%, the petroleum coke powder is used in an amount of 10 to 20 wt%, the carbon black is used in an amount of 2 to 5 wt%, and the MoS is used in an amount of 50 to 61.2 wt%, based on the total weight of the green compact2The amount of the binder is 0.8-2 wt%, and the effect is better when the amount of the binder is 16-23 wt%.
According to the preparation method of the invention, the copper alloy can be a CuCr alloy; in the present invention, the CuCr alloy may be commercially available. For example, the CuCr alloys used in the present invention are commercially available, and the content of Cr in the CuCr alloys is 0.5 to 2 wt%. In the invention, the carbon body contains trace Cr, so that the wettability of the CuCr alloy to the carbon body can be improved.
According to the production method of the present invention, the binder may be a resin; the resin is one or more of asphalt, phenolic resin, epoxy resin and unsaturated resin; preferably, the resin is asphalt and/or phenolic resin, and the epoxy resin is phenolic epoxy resin; more preferably, the resin is pitch in the present invention, the binder is good for binding the artificial graphite powderPetroleum coke powder, carbon black powder and MoS2Kneading the mixture together so as to be convenient for the subsequent kneading of the artificial graphite powder, the petroleum coke powder, the carbon black powder and the MoS2And a binder is molded and/or extruded to form a green body.
According to the production method of the present invention, when the carbonized green body (preform) is immersed in the resin, the resin can be immersed in the preform to produce a carbon green body.
According to the preparation method of the invention, the particle size of the artificial graphite powder can be 40-50 μm, the particle size of the petroleum coke powder can be 5-15 μm, and the particle size of the carbon black can be 10-100 nm. In the present invention, when the particle diameters of the artificial graphite powder, the petroleum coke powder and the carbon black are limited to the above ranges, the artificial graphite powder, the petroleum coke powder and the carbon black can be mixed with MoS2And a binder are preferably kneaded together, compression molded and/or extrusion molded to form a green body; meanwhile, the mechanical property of the carbon body can be improved.
According to the preparation method of the invention, the artificial stone toner can be obtained by commercial purchase. For example, the artificial graphite powders used in the examples of the present invention are all commercially available, and the artificial graphite has a specific heat of 710J/(kg. K), a thermal conductivity of 110W/(m. K), and a density of 2.0g/cm3。
According to the production method of the present invention, the conditions in the respective steps are specifically defined as follows:
in the step (1), the kneading conditions include: the temperature can be 80-200 ℃; the compression molding and/or extrusion molding conditions include: the temperature can be 50-120 ℃, and the time can be 5-15 minutes; preferably, the kneading conditions include: the temperature is 100-150 ℃; the compression molding and/or extrusion molding conditions include: the temperature is 60-90 ℃, the time is not changed, and the time can still be 5-15 minutes.
In the step (2), the carbonization conditions include: the temperature rise speed can be 0.1-0.5 ℃/min, the temperature can be 1000-1300 ℃, and the time can be 1-3 hours; preferably, the carbonization conditions include: the temperature rise speed can be 0.2-0.4 ℃/min, the temperature can be 1100-1200 ℃, and the heat preservation time is not changed and can still be 1-3 hours.
In the step (3), the resin-impregnating conditions include: the temperature can be 150-200 ℃; preferably, the resin impregnation conditions include: the temperature may be 150 ℃ to 200 ℃.
In the step (4), the condition of the copper infiltration treatment comprises the following steps: the temperature can be 1300-1500 ℃, the pressure can be 10-30MPa, and the impregnation time can be 10-30 min; preferably, the condition of the copper infiltration treatment comprises the following steps: the temperature can be 1350-.
According to the preparation method of the invention, in the step (4), after the carbon green body and the copper and/or the copper alloy are subjected to the copper infiltration treatment, the carbon green body is further subjected to cooling treatment under the same pressure as that of the copper infiltration treatment, namely, pressure-maintaining cooling.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, after carbonizing the green body and impregnating with resin, the process of carbonizing and impregnating with resin may also be repeated one or more times, for example:
in a preferred embodiment of a method for manufacturing a carbon sliding plate according to the present invention, wherein the method comprises the steps of:
(1) mixing artificial graphite powder, petroleum coke powder, carbon black and MoS2Kneading with a binder, and performing compression molding and/or extrusion molding to obtain a green body;
(2) carbonizing the green body to prepare a primary blank;
(3) dipping the primary blank into resin to prepare an initial carbon blank body;
(4) carbonizing the initial carbon blank again and soaking the initial carbon blank in resin again to prepare a carbon blank;
(5) carrying out copper infiltration treatment on the carbon blank and copper and/or copper alloy;
wherein, based on the total weight of the green body, the usage amount of the artificial graphite powder is 30-79 wt%, the usage amount of the petroleum coke powder is 7-36 wt%, the usage amount of the carbon black is 1.5-6 wt%, and the MoS2The dosage of the adhesive is 0.5 to 3 weight percent, and the dosage of the adhesive is 12 to 25 weight percentAnd (4) percent of the total amount.
According to the preparation method of the invention, after the green body is carbonized to prepare the primary blank, and the primary blank is impregnated with resin, the carbonization and resin impregnation processes can be repeatedly carried out again or repeatedly until the volume density of the carbon body prepared by the preparation method of the invention can be 1.6-1.7g/cm3The porosity can be 10-20%; that is, in the present invention, the number of times the green body is "carbonized and impregnated with resin" is not particularly limited as long as the bulk density of the carbon body obtained by the production method of the present invention can be 1.6 to 1.7g/cm3The porosity may be 10 to 20%. In addition, in the present invention, the amount of the resin used is not particularly limited either, and the amount of the resin used is determined by the number of times the green body is impregnated with the resin, which is the number of times the green body is impregnated with the resin when the bulk density of the carbon body obtained by the production method of the present invention is 1.6 to 1.7g/cm3The impregnation can be stopped when the porosity is 10-20%.
In a third aspect, the invention further provides an application of the carbon sliding plate and the carbon sliding plate prepared by the preparation method in the aspect of a pantograph or a collector shoe of an electric locomotive (high-speed rail, subway, light rail and single rail) power taking system.
The invention takes artificial graphite powder as a main body and is added with petroleum coke powder, carbon black and MoS2The carbon slide plate can improve the arc ablation resistance of the carbon slide plate by taking the binder as the main component of the carbon blank; meanwhile, the self-lubricating property of the artificial graphite can reduce the abrasion of the carbon sliding plate to the conducting wire or the conducting rail. In addition, pure copper is selected, so that the carbon sliding plate has better arc ablation resistance; and CuCr alloy is selected, so that the wettability of the copper alloy to the carbon body can be improved; therefore, the carbon sliding plate has lower contact resistance, better mechanical property and better arc ablation resistance.
The present invention will be described in detail below by way of examples.
In the following examples, the resistivity parameter was measured by the JB/T8133.2-1999 test method for physical and chemical properties of electrical carbon products-resistivity method; the density parameter is measured by a JB/T8133.14-1999 physical and chemical property test method-volume density method of the electric carbon product; the hardness parameter is measured by a JB/T8133.4-1999 physical and chemical property test method of the electric carbon product, namely a Shore hardness method; the flexural strength parameter is measured by a JB/T8133.7-1999 test method for physical and chemical properties of the electric carbon product, namely the flexural strength method; the compression strength parameter is measured by a JB/T8133.8-1999 test method for physical and chemical properties of the electric carbon product, namely a compression strength method; the impact toughness parameter is measured by a method for measuring the impact performance of the GBT1043-1 plastic-simply supported beam; the contact resistance parameter was measured by voltammetry.
Artificial graphite powder (325 mesh graphite powder) was purchased from a commercial product of Qingdao Haoyuan graphite Co.
Petroleum coke powder (500 mesh petroleum coke powder) is purchased from Shuxin mineral products; carbon black (V30 superconducting carbon black) was purchased from tianjin solar autumn laboratory technologies ltd; MoS2Molybdenum disulfide (2000 mesh) from jiesen chemical products ltd; bitumen (medium temperature bitumen) was purchased from Beijing coke plant; CuCr alloy, chromium bronze CC101 and pure copper C1100 are all purchased from Shenzhen Jinsheng Steel Co., Ltd.
Example 1
This example is to illustrate a carbon sliding plate produced by the production method of the present invention.
(1) Preparation of carbon body
Based on the total weight of the green body, the usage amount of the artificial graphite powder with the grain diameter of 40 mu m is 55.4 percent by weight, the usage amount of the petroleum coke powder with the grain diameter of 15 mu m is 19.8 percent by weight, the usage amount of the carbon black with the grain diameter of 30nm is 4.0 percent by weight, and MoS2The amount of the binder asphalt is 0.8 weight percent, the amount of the binder asphalt is 20 weight percent, the mixture is kneaded for 3 hours at the temperature of 100 ℃, and the mixture is molded and formed at the temperature of 60 ℃ to prepare a green body;
(2) raising the temperature of the green body to 1000 ℃ at the heating rate of 0.1 ℃/min, and carbonizing the green body for 3 hours at the temperature of 1000 ℃ to prepare an initial blank;
(3) soaking the primary blank in asphalt at 250 ℃ to prepare an initial carbon blank body;
(4) raising the temperature of the initial carbon blank again at the heating rate of 0.1 ℃/minCarbonizing at 1000 deg.C for 3 h; then soaking the carbon body in asphalt at 250 ℃ until the volume density of the prepared carbon body is 1.6g/cm3The porosity is 10%;
(5) copper infiltration treatment: and (3) placing the carbon blank in a graphite crucible, adding a copper block, placing in a hot isostatic pressing furnace, infiltrating for 10min at 1300 ℃ under the pressure of 10MPa, and keeping the pressure and cooling to obtain a carbon sliding plate marked as S1.
The carbon sled S1 was tested for its performance and the results are shown in Table 1.
Example 2
This example is to illustrate a carbon sliding plate produced by the production method of the present invention.
(1) Preparation of carbon body
Based on the total weight of the green body, the usage amount of the artificial graphite powder with the particle size of 50 microns is 39.6 percent by weight, the usage amount of the petroleum coke powder with the particle size of 15 microns is 33.3 percent by weight, the usage amount of the carbon black with the particle size of 30nm is 5.5 percent by weight, and MoS2The amount of the binder asphalt is 1.6 weight percent, the amount of the binder asphalt is 20 weight percent, the mixture is kneaded for 3 hours at the temperature of 150 ℃, and the mixture is molded and formed at the temperature of 60 ℃ to prepare a green body;
(2) heating the green body to 1300 ℃ at the heating rate of 0.5 ℃/min, and carbonizing at the temperature of 1300 ℃ for 1h to prepare an initial blank;
(3) soaking the primary blank in asphalt at 350 ℃ to prepare an initial carbon blank body;
(4) raising the temperature of the initial carbon blank to 1300 ℃ again at the heating rate of 0.5 ℃/min, and carbonizing for 1h at the temperature of 1300 ℃; then soaking the carbon body in asphalt at 350 ℃ until the volume density of the prepared carbon body is 1.7g/cm3Porosity of 20%;
(5) and (3) chromizing copper treatment: and (3) placing the carbon blank in a graphite crucible, adding CuCr alloy, placing in a hot isostatic pressing furnace, impregnating for 30min at 1500 ℃ under 30MPa, and cooling under the pressure maintaining condition to obtain a carbon sliding plate marked as S2.
The carbon sled S2 was tested for its performance and the results are shown in Table 1.
Example 3
This example is to illustrate a carbon sliding plate produced by the production method of the present invention.
(1) Preparation of carbon body
Based on the total weight of the green body, the usage amount of the artificial graphite powder with the particle size of 45 mu m is 67.3 percent by weight, the usage amount of the petroleum coke powder with the particle size of 10 mu m is 10.3 percent by weight, the usage amount of the carbon black with the particle size of 10nm is 1.6 percent by weight, and MoS2The amount of the binder asphalt is 0.8 weight percent, the amount of the binder asphalt is 20 weight percent, the mixture is kneaded for 3 hours at the temperature of 120 ℃, and the mixture is molded and formed at the temperature of 50 ℃ to prepare a green body;
(2) raising the temperature of the green body to 1200 ℃ at the heating rate of 0.3 ℃/min, and carbonizing the green body for 2 hours at the temperature of 1200 ℃ to prepare an initial blank;
(3) soaking the primary blank in asphalt at 300 ℃ to prepare an initial carbon blank body;
(4) raising the temperature of the initial carbon blank to 1200 ℃ at the heating rate of 0.3 ℃/min again, and carbonizing for 2h at the temperature of 1200 ℃; then soaking the carbon body in asphalt at 300 ℃ until the volume density of the prepared carbon body is 1.65g/cm3The porosity is 15%;
(5) copper infiltration treatment: and (3) placing the carbon blank in a graphite crucible, adding a copper block, placing in a hot isostatic pressing furnace, impregnating for 20min at 1400 ℃ under 20MPa, and cooling under the maintained pressure to obtain a carbon sliding plate marked as S3.
The carbon sled S3 was tested for its performance and the results are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 1
An electric locomotive pantograph pan prepared by the preparation method of the electric locomotive pantograph pan is disclosed in CN1032741C (application No. 93111950.2) and is marked as D1.
The performance of the pantograph pan D1 of the electric locomotive was tested and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
Parameter(s) Unit of Test value S1 S2 S3 D1
1 Resistivity of μΩ·m ≤12 3 4 4 10
2 Density of g·cm-3 ≤3.0 2.7 2.8 2.6 2.5
3 Hardness of Shore/HS ≥85 98 98 97 95
4 Flexural strength MPa ≥85 120 117 130 100
5 Compressive strength MPa ≥280 350 360 400 280
6 Impact toughness J·cm-2 ≥0.25 0.5 0.45 0.56 0.3
7 Contact resistance mΩ ≤1.2 0.2 0.27 0.16 0.4
8 Specific heat capacity J/(kg·K) ---- 794 812 761 670
As can be seen from the results of examples and comparative examples and Table 1, the present invention mainly comprises artificial graphite powder and blended with petroleum coke powder, carbon black and MoS2Compared with the prior art, the petroleum coke powder has more impurities and low burning and heat resistance although the wear resistance can be improved by using the adhesive as the main component of the carbon body, and the artificial graphite has higher heat conductivity coefficient compared with other carbon materials, and the properties can improve the arc ablation resistance of the carbon sliding plate; meanwhile, the self-lubricating property of the artificial graphite can reduce the abrasion of the carbon sliding plate to the conducting wire or the conducting rail. In addition, pure copper is selected, so that compared with the common CuPb alloy, the carbon sliding plate has the advantages of lower resistance, higher specific heat capacity, better heat-conducting property and no toxicity, and the properties of the pure copper and the common CuPb alloy enable the carbon sliding plate to have better arc ablation resistance; and CuCr alloy is selected, so that the wettability of the copper alloy to the carbon body can be improved; therefore, the carbon sliding plate prepared by the preparation method has better mechanical properties (breaking strength, compressive strength and impact toughness), and the impact resistance of the carbon sliding plate can be improved; the contact resistance is lower, and the joule heat generated by electrification can be reduced; has high specific heat capacity and melting point and better arc ablation resistance.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above in detail, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, many simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the invention, including combinations of various technical features in any other suitable way, and these simple modifications and combinations should also be regarded as the disclosure of the invention, and all fall within the scope of the invention.

Claims (15)

1. The carbon sliding plate is characterized by comprising a carbon blank and copper and/or copper alloy impregnated in the carbon blank, wherein the copper alloy is CuCr alloy, the carbon blank is prepared by carbonizing a green blank and then soaking the green blank in resin and/or asphalt, and the green blank contains artificial graphite powder, petroleum coke powder, carbon black and MoS2And a binder, wherein the artificial graphite is dense and seamless inside; based on the total weight of the green body, the content of the artificial graphite powder is 30-79 wt%, the content of the petroleum coke powder is 7-36 wt%, the content of the carbon black is 1.5-6 wt%, and the MoS is added2Is 0.5 to 3 weight percent, and the content of the binder is 12 to 25 weight percent;
wherein the volume density of the carbon body is 1.6-1.7g/cm3。
2. The carbon slide plate of claim 1, wherein the artificial graphite powder is present in an amount of 50 to 61.2 wt%, the petroleum coke powder is present in an amount of 10 to 20 wt%, the carbon black is present in an amount of 2 to 5 wt%, and the MoS is present in an amount of 2 to 5 wt%, based on the total weight of the green body2Is 0.8-2 wt%, and the binder is 16-23 wt%.
3. The carbon sled of claim 1, wherein the binder is a binder resin; the impregnated resin is one or more of phenolic resin, novolac epoxy resin, epoxy resin and unsaturated polyester resin.
4. The carbon sled of claim 1 or 3, wherein the impregnated resin is a phenolic resin.
5. The carbon slide plate of claim 1, wherein the carbon body is prepared by carbonizing a green body and immersing the carbonized green body in pitch.
6. The carbon slide plate according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the particle size of the artificial graphite powder is 40-50 μm, the particle size of the petroleum coke powder is 5-15 μm, and the particle size of the carbon black is 10-100 nm.
7. A preparation method of a carbon sliding plate is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) mixing artificial graphite powder, petroleum coke powder, carbon black and MoS2Kneading with a binder, and performing compression molding or extrusion molding to obtain a green body; wherein the specific heat capacity of the artificial graphite is 710J/(kg.K), the thermal conductivity is 110W/(m.K), and the density is 2.0g/cm3(ii) a The artificial graphite adopted by the invention is compact and seamless in the interior;
(2) carbonizing the green body to prepare a primary blank;
(3) dipping the primary blank into resin and/or asphalt to prepare a carbon blank;
(4) carrying out copper infiltration treatment on the carbon blank and copper and/or copper alloy; the copper alloy is a CuCr alloy;
wherein, based on the total weight of the green body, the usage amount of the artificial graphite powder is 30-79 wt%, the usage amount of the petroleum coke powder is 7-36 wt%, the usage amount of the carbon black is 1.5-6 wt%, and the MoS is used2The amount of the binder is 0.5-3 wt%, and the amount of the binder is 12-25 wt%;
wherein the volume density of the carbon body is 1.6-1.7g/cm3。
8. The preparation method of claim 7, wherein the artificial graphite powder is used in an amount of 50 to 61.2 wt%, the petroleum coke powder is used in an amount of 10 to 20 wt%, and the carbon black is used in an amount of 2 to 5 wt%, based on the total weight of the green compactSaid MoS2Is used in an amount of 0.8 to 2 wt%, and the binder is used in an amount of 16 to 23 wt%.
9. The production method according to claim 7, wherein the binder is a binder resin; the impregnated resin is one or more of phenolic resin, novolac epoxy resin, epoxy resin and unsaturated resin.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the impregnated resin is a phenolic resin.
11. The method according to claim 7, wherein the green body is immersed in pitch to produce a carbon green body.
12. The preparation method according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the particle size of the artificial graphite powder is 40-50 μm, the particle size of the petroleum coke powder is 5-15 μm, and the particle size of the carbon black is 10-100 nm.
13. The production method according to claim 7, wherein in step (1), the kneading conditions include: the temperature is 80-200 ℃; the compression molding and/or extrusion molding conditions include: the temperature is 50-120 ℃, and the time is 5-15 minutes;
in the step (2), the carbonization conditions include: the temperature rise speed is 0.1-0.5 ℃/min, the temperature is 1000-1300 ℃, and the time is 1-3 hours;
in the step (3), the resin-impregnating conditions include: the temperature is 150 ℃ and 200 ℃;
in the step (4), the condition of the copper infiltration treatment comprises the following steps: the temperature is 1300-1500 ℃, the pressure is 10-30MPa, and the infiltration time is 10-30 min.
14. The method of claim 7 wherein the carbon body has a porosity of 10-20%.
15. Use of the carbon slide sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 6 or the carbon slide sheet produced by the production method according to any one of claims 7 to 12 for a pantograph or a collector shoe in a power-taking system of an electric locomotive.
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CN102898143A (en) * 2012-09-04 2013-01-30 天津锦美碳材科技发展有限公司 Preparation method for carbon slider used for assembling pantograph of electric locomotive
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