CN111269021B

CN111269021B - Copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate and preparation method and application thereof

Info

Publication number: CN111269021B
Application number: CN201811482131.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 付敏; 王丽亚
Original assignee: Shenzhen BYD Auto R&D Co Ltd
Current assignee: Shenzhen BYD Auto R&D Co Ltd
Priority date: 2018-12-05
Filing date: 2018-12-05
Publication date: 2021-12-07
Anticipated expiration: 2038-12-05
Also published as: CN111269021A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of rail electric contact materials in the rail transit industry, and discloses a copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate and a preparation method and application thereof. The copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate contains copper and carbon, wherein the copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate also contains iron sulfide, iron carbide and silicon carbide, wherein the iron sulfide comprises iron sulfide and ferrous sulfide, and by taking the total weight of the copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate as a reference, the content of the iron sulfide is 0.6-1.2 wt%, the content of the ferrous sulfide is 2.4-3.4 wt%, the content of the iron carbide is 6.2-8.9 wt%, and the content of the silicon carbide is 3-5 wt%. The copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the mechanical property, the abrasion resistance and the current-carrying friction property are improved, the resistivity is reduced, and the performance requirement of electric contact in a high-speed state can be met.

Description

Copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate and preparation method and application thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of rail electric contact materials in the rail transit industry, in particular to a copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate and a preparation method and application thereof.

Background

The most used electric contact material in the rail transit industry is a carbon composite material, and the carbon material generally has the problems of insufficient mechanical properties, such as low impact resistance and hardness.

In order to solve this problem, a method of compounding carbon and copper is generally used, and for example, metal powder compression molding or carbon matrix infiltration molding may be used.

The preparation process of the powder metallurgy sliding plate comprises the steps of adding a small amount of natural graphite into metal powder, sintering the metal powder at high temperature and high pressure to form the powder metallurgy sliding plate, wherein the carbon sliding plate is prepared by taking coke and natural graphite as main particles, taking asphalt as a binder and adding a certain amount of reinforcing material, kneading the mixture into a mixture, pressing the mixture into a carbon block according to a certain pressure, then carrying out high-temperature roasting by selecting a certain roasting mode, and putting the roasted carbon block into an infiltration tank to be immersed in copper alloy.

The powder metallurgy sliding plate is an electrical contact material which is mature in application, has obvious advantages in the aspect of mechanical property, and is high in breaking strength, good in impact resistance, good in conductivity and the like, but also has the defects of large friction coefficient and large abrasion degree to a contact line. The defect of large abrasion degree of the powder metallurgy sliding plate leads the application field to be gradually reduced and gradually replaced by the carbon sliding block.

At present, the carbon sliding plate is widely used mainly because of low friction coefficient, small abrasion degree to a contact line, low price and the like, but the mechanical property of the carbon sliding plate is poor compared with that of a powder metallurgy sliding plate, and the mechanical property of the carbon sliding plate needs to be improved. A common method for improving the carbon sliding plate is to impregnate a copper liquid into the carbon sliding plate. In the impregnation of the copper liquid, the wettability of the copper liquid to carbon is poor, which decreases the strength of the interface contact.

CN104774012A discloses a production method of a copper-impregnated carbon sliding plate of a pantograph of an electric locomotive, wherein the steps are as follows: 1) preparing the composite carbon sliding plate: 1.1) preparing materials according to the following mass portions: 60-80 parts of asphalt coke powder, 12-16 parts of graphite powder, 10-15 parts of siliconized graphite powder and 30-35 parts of high-temperature asphalt; 1.2) specific preparation: putting the asphalt coke powder and the graphite powder into a kneading pot according to the proportion, cold mixing for 20-120 minutes, then adding additive graphite silicide powder, continuing mixing for 40-60 minutes, then adding the melted high-temperature asphalt, mixing for 1-6 hours at the temperature of 160-plus-material 180 ℃, stopping heating, cooling and grinding to obtain powder with the granularity of 250-plus-material 350 meshes; prepressing the mixed powder ground into 250-plus-350-mesh powder on an oil press to form a one-stage material column, putting the one-stage material column into an oven at the temperature of 120-plus-140 ℃ for curing for 8-9 hours, putting the cured one-stage material column into an extruder, and extruding a composite carbon sliding plate blank with a required specification; placing the composite carbon sliding plate blank into a kiln for roasting, and discharging to obtain a composite carbon sliding plate; 2) copper leaching of the composite carbon sliding plate: cleaning the composite carbon sliding plate with clear water, placing the composite carbon sliding plate into an oven to be dried for 3 to 5 hours,after cooling, putting the mixture into a high-temperature-resistant graphite crucible and preheating the mixture for 2 to 3 hours in a 1300-1400 ℃ electric furnace; pouring excessive molten copper at the temperature of 1300 plus one year 1500 ℃ into the crucible to immerse the composite carbon sliding plate, placing the crucible in a middle cover of an oil press, covering the middle cover to prevent the carbon sliding plate from floating out of the copper liquid surface, and introducing nitrogen to pressurize to reach the temperature of 180 plus one year 250kg/cm²And preserving the heat for 3-5 minutes under the pressure to ensure that the copper liquid permeates into pores of the carbon slide plate under the pressure, taking out the carbon slide plate from the copper liquid after pressure relief, and cooling to obtain the copper-impregnated carbon slide plate of the pantograph of the electric locomotive.

CN106146020A discloses a carbon fiber reinforced pantograph carbon slide plate carbon strip, which is prepared by the following method: uniformly mixing a carbon strip raw material of the pantograph carbon slide plate and a pore-forming agent to prepare a mixture; pressing the mixture to obtain a carbon slide plate carbon strip primary blank containing a pore-forming agent; roasting the carbon slide plate carbon strip primary blank, burning off pore-forming agents in the carbon slide plate carbon strip primary blank, and forming uniformly distributed pores in the carbon slide plate carbon strip so as to obtain a carbon slide plate carbon strip with a pore structure; and carrying out metal dipping treatment on the carbon slide plate carbon strip with the pore structure to prepare the carbon slide plate carbon strip with uniformly distributed metals.

The traditional copper-impregnated carbon sliding block has the mechanical property which can not meet the performance requirement of electric contact in a high-speed state, and the mechanical property and current-carrying friction performance of the copper-impregnated carbon sliding plate are mainly required to be improved in the high-speed state.

Therefore, how to prepare the carbon sliding plate with excellent mechanical property and electrical property is still needed to be further researched and developed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defect that the mechanical property and the current-carrying friction property of the traditional copper-impregnated carbon sliding block in the prior art cannot meet the requirement of electric contact, and provides a copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate and a preparation method and application thereof. The copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the mechanical property, the abrasion resistance and the current-carrying friction property are improved, the resistivity is reduced, and the performance requirement of electric contact in a high-speed state can be met.

In order to achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present invention provides a copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate, which contains copper and carbon, wherein the copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate further contains iron sulfide, iron carbide and silicon carbide; wherein the iron sulfide comprises iron sulfide and ferrous sulfide, and the total weight of the copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate is taken as a reference, the content of the iron sulfide is 0.6-1.2 wt%, the content of the ferrous sulfide is 2.4-3.4 wt%, the content of the iron carbide is 6.2-8.9 wt%, and the content of the silicon carbide is 3-5 wt%.

The invention provides a preparation method of a copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate, which comprises the following steps:

(1) kneading the carbon-containing matrix, nano iron powder, polyacrylonitrile fiber and a binder to obtain a high-temperature kneaded material;

(2) carrying out low-temperature kneading on the high-temperature kneaded material and sublimed sulfur and pressing to obtain a sliding plate precursor;

(3) roasting the sliding plate precursor to obtain iron carbide and iron sulfide;

(4) immersing the iron carbide and iron sulfide in a copper bath;

wherein the iron sulfide comprises ferrous sulfide and ferric sulfide, and the carbon-containing matrix is silicified asphalt coke and graphite.

The invention provides a copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate prepared by the method.

The invention provides an application of the copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate or the copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate prepared by the method in a track.

According to the technical scheme, the carbon-containing matrix is strengthened by adding the nano iron powder and the polyacrylonitrile fibers into the carbon-containing matrix, on one hand, the nano iron powder is alloyed with the binder coke at high temperature to form iron carbide with the strength higher than that of carbon, and the binder coke is alloyed, so that the bonding strength among particles can be obviously improved, the transfer of electrons among the particles is facilitated, and the characteristics of the whole copper-iron-carbon sliding plate are that the Schottky hardness, the flexural strength and the compressive strength are improved, the resistivity is reduced, and the nano iron powder can also react with sublimed sulfur to generate sulfide of high-strength wear-resistant material iron; on the other hand, the polyacrylonitrile fiber can be used as a precursor of the carbon fiber, so that the problems of difficult dispersion and poor bonding property with a carbon-containing matrix of the carbon fiber are solved, a fiber reinforced structure is formed after firing, force distribution and crack expansion prevention are facilitated, and the mechanical property and the wear resistance of the copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate are improved; and for the problem that the carbon surface is difficult to wet by the copper liquid, the copper liquid in the invention contains titanium and chromium, has good wettability to graphite, and obviously improves the wettability.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is an SEM image of a copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate prepared according to example 1 of the present invention;

fig. 2 is an SEM image of a copper-carbon composite sliding plate prepared according to comparative example 1 of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The endpoints of the ranges and any values disclosed herein are not limited to the precise range or value, and such ranges or values should be understood to encompass values close to those ranges or values. For ranges of values, between the endpoints of each of the ranges and the individual points, and between the individual points may be combined with each other to give one or more new ranges of values, and these ranges of values should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.

The invention provides a copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate, which contains copper and carbon, wherein the copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate also contains iron sulfide, iron carbide and silicon carbide; wherein the iron sulfide comprises iron sulfide and ferrous sulfide, and the total weight of the copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate is taken as a reference, the content of the iron sulfide is 0.6-1.2 wt%, the content of the ferrous sulfide is 2.4-3.4 wt%, the content of the iron carbide is 6.2-8.9 wt%, and the content of the silicon carbide is 3-5 wt%.

Preferably, the content of iron sulfide is 0.6-0.8 wt%, the content of ferrous sulfide is 3.1-3.4 wt%, the content of iron carbide is 7.7-8.9 wt%, and the content of silicon carbide is 3.2-4.5 wt%, based on the total weight of the copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate.

According to the invention, the iron sulfide, the ferrous sulfide, the iron carbide and the silicon carbide have high strength and can improve the strength of the carbon sliding plate, wherein the iron sulfide or the ferrous sulfide is a reaction product of sublimed sulfur and nano iron powder. Generally, sulfur is gasified at high temperatures to become a gas, known as sublimation. If the gasified sulfur is not carried away before combustion, the gasified sulfur cannot be continuously combusted at the temperature below the ignition point (about 250 ℃), and the gasified sulfur is re-condensed into solid when cooled, namely the sulfur (S) is not less than 98.0 percent, and the gasified sulfur is called sublimed sulfur.

According to the invention, the copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate also contains chromium and titanium, wherein the content of chromium can be 0.7-0.9 wt% and the content of titanium can be 0.42-0.54 wt% based on the total weight of the copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate; preferably, the content of chromium is 0.75-0.85 wt% and the content of titanium is 0.45-0.51 wt% based on the total weight of the copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate. In the preparation process, the copper liquid contains simple substance titanium and simple substance chromium, the wettability of the copper liquid on graphite is good, the wettability is obviously improved, the problem that the carbon surface is difficult to wet by the copper liquid can be solved, and the porosity, the volume density, the resistivity and the average pore diameter of the copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate are obviously improved.

According to the present invention, although excellent mechanical properties and current-carrying frictional properties can be obtained by controlling the contents of the respective elements and elements in the copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate within the above-mentioned ranges, and the performance requirements for electrical contact in a high-speed state can be satisfied, it is preferable that the copper content is 12.88 to 16.56 wt% and the carbon content is 66 to 74 wt%, based on the total weight of the copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate; more preferably, the copper content is 13.8 to 15.64 wt% and the carbon content is 66 to 71.1 wt% based on the total weight of the copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate, and the effect is better. In addition, in the present invention, it is noted that: when the total weight of the copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate is taken as a reference, the total content of iron sulfide, ferrous sulfide, iron carbide, silicon carbide, chromium, titanium, copper and carbon is one hundred percent, namely, in the invention, the total weight of the copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate is taken as a reference, the content of iron sulfide is 0.6-1.2 wt%, the content of ferrous sulfide is 2.4-3.4 wt%, the content of iron carbide is 6.2-8.9 wt%, the content of silicon carbide is 3-5 wt%, the content of chromium is 0.7-0.9 wt%, the content of titanium is 0.42-0.54 wt%, the content of copper is 12.88-16.56 wt%, the content of carbon is 66-74 wt%, and the total content is one hundred percent. Similarly, preferably, based on the total weight of the copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate, the content of iron sulfide is 0.6-0.8 wt%, the content of ferrous sulfide is 3.1-3.4 wt%, the content of iron carbide is 7.7-8.9 wt%, the content of silicon carbide is 3.2-4.5 wt%, the content of chromium is 0.75-0.85 wt%, the content of titanium is 0.45-0.51 wt%, the content of copper is 13.8-15.64 wt%, the content of carbon is 66-71.1 wt%, and the total content is also one hundred%. In the present invention, the carbon content is a carbon content obtained by subtracting the carbon content in the iron carbide and the silicon carbide from the total carbon content, that is, the carbon content exists as elemental carbon.

According to the invention, the copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate has the Shore hardness of 80HS-110HS, the height abrasion ratio of 2mm-10 mm/ten thousand locomotive kilometers, the weight abrasion ratio of 53-83 g/ten thousand locomotive kilometers and the resistivity of 3-12 mu omega.m, preferably, the Shore hardness of 95HS-103HS, the height abrasion ratio of 7mm-9 mm/ten thousand locomotive kilometers, the weight abrasion ratio of 55-83 g/ten thousand locomotive kilometers and the resistivity of 4-8 mu omega.m.

According to the invention, when the Shore hardness, the high abrasion ratio and the resistivity of the copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate are in the limited range values, the mechanical property, the abrasion resistance and the current-carrying friction property of the copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate can be improved, the resistivity is reduced, and the performance requirement of electric contact in a high-speed state can be met.

According to the invention, the copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate has a true porosity of 8-15% and a bulk density of 2.5-2.8g/cm³The average pore diameter of the internal pores may be 20 to 50 μm, and preferably, the internal pores have a true porosity of 9 to 12% and a bulk density of 2.62 to 2.8g/cm³The average pore diameter of the inner pores is 25-45 μm.Wherein, in the invention, the true porosity is the ratio of the difference between the true density and the volume density to the true volume; and the average pore diameter of the internal pores is a fitting width value of the pores in the copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate, and is equal to the total pore volume divided by the specific surface area and multiplied by a model coefficient of the pores.

According to the invention, when the average pore diameter of the inner pores of the copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate can be 20-50 μm, the Schottky hardness, the compressive strength and the flexural strength of the copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate can be improved, and the resistivity can be reduced; meanwhile, the existence of a plurality of apertures can be used as an anti-cracking buffer space, and cracks on the copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate can be effectively prevented.

The second aspect of the invention provides a preparation method of a copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate, wherein the method comprises the following steps:

(4) immersing the iron carbide and iron sulfide in a copper bath;

According to the invention, the binder can be medium temperature coal tar pitch, wherein the softening point is 80-90 ℃; and on the basis of the total weight of the high-temperature kneaded material, the dosage of the silicified asphalt coke can be 15-75 wt%, the dosage of the graphite can be 5-15 wt%, the dosage of the medium-temperature coal asphalt can be 10-40 wt%, the dosage of the nanometer iron powder can be 5-15 wt%, and the dosage of the polyacrylonitrile fiber can be 5-15 wt%. In the invention, the components and the use amount of the components are controlled within the range, so that the prepared copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate has excellent performance.

According to the invention, the silicified pitch coke and graphite are used as a carbon skeleton, wherein the graphite can be natural graphite, such as flake graphite, and the particle size of the graphite is 110-130 meshes, preferably 120 meshes.

According to the invention, the carbon matrix is reinforced by adding nano iron powder and polyacrylonitrile fiber into the carbon matrix, on one hand, the nano iron powder is roasted with the binder at high temperature, the binder layer is coked into binder coke after roasting, namely, the coke is alloyed to form iron carbide with the strength higher than that of carbon, and the binder coke is alloyed, so that the bonding strength among particles can be obviously improved, and the transmission of electrons among the particles is also facilitated, which is reflected in that the performance of the whole copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate is that the Schottky hardness, the breaking strength and the compressive strength are improved, the resistivity is reduced, and the nano iron powder can also react with sublimed sulfur to generate sulfide of high-strength wear-resistant material iron; on the other hand, the polyacrylonitrile fiber can be used as a precursor of the carbon fiber, the problems of difficult dispersion and poor bonding property with a carbon-containing matrix of the carbon fiber are solved, a fiber reinforced structure is formed after firing, force distribution and crack expansion prevention are facilitated, and the mechanical property and the abrasion resistance of the copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate are improved.

According to the invention, the particle size of the silicified asphalt coke can be 250-350 meshes, and in the invention, the silicified asphalt coke covers silicon carbide on the surface, so that the carbon-containing matrix material contains silicon carbide without silicon simple substance.

According to the invention, the particle size of the graphite can be 100-140 meshes, preferably 110-130 meshes, and more preferably 120 meshes; the particle size of the nanometer iron powder can be 40-60nm, preferably 50 nm; the length of the polyacrylonitrile fiber can be less than 1cm, and is preferably 0.2-0.5 cm; the particle size of the sublimed sulphur may be 20-40 μm, preferably 30 μm.

According to the invention, the nano iron powder is adopted, which has a dispersion strengthening effect, and the particle size of the nano iron powder is controlled below a micron level, the smaller the particle size is, the lower the superposition effect is, the higher the density is, and the better the strengthening property is; in addition, the dislocation is mainly generated on the surface, the pitch is easy to damage by micron-sized particle size, and the dislocation is reduced.

According to the present invention, the high-temperature kneaded material may be used in an amount of 80 to 90% by weight, and the sublimed sulfur may be used in an amount of 10 to 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the sliding plate precursor.

According to the invention, the copper solution also contains chromium and titanium, and based on the total weight of the copper solution, the content of chromium can be 4-6 wt%, the content of titanium can be 1-3 wt%, the content of copper can be 91-95 wt%, and the total weight is one hundred%; preferably, the chromium content is 5 wt.%, the titanium content is 3 wt.% and the copper content is 92 wt.%. For the problem that the carbon surface is difficult to wet by the copper liquid, the copper liquid in the invention contains titanium and chromium, has good wettability to graphite, remarkably improves wettability and solves the problem that the carbon surface is difficult to wet by the copper liquid. For example, if the copper bath does not contain titanium and chromium, the contact angle may generally be 140 °, whereas if the copper bath contains titanium and chromium, the contact angle may be less than 90 °.

According to the present invention, in the step (1), the high-temperature kneading conditions include: kneading for 0.5-2h under the conditions of the rotation speed of 10-30r/min and the temperature of 150-170 ℃. Under the preferable condition, adding the silicified pitch coke, the flake graphite, the nanometer iron powder and the polyacrylonitrile fiber into a kneader for kneading, then adding the medium-temperature coal pitch for kneading, and finally cooling and taking out; for example, the silicified pitch coke, the flake graphite, the nanometer iron powder and the polyacrylonitrile fiber can be added into a kneader and kneaded for 0.5 to 1 hour under the condition that the internal loading temperature is 150 ℃ and 170 ℃, then the medium temperature coal pitch is added and kneaded for 1 hour, and finally the mixture is cooled and taken out.

According to the invention, basic particles used in the prior art are generally coke, and the improvement of mechanical properties is directly limited by the poor particle strength of the coke, but in the invention, in order to further improve the mechanical properties, the silicified asphalt coke adopted by the invention is obtained by silicifying the coke particles, so that a compact silicon carbide layer is formed on the surface of the coke particles, thus the problem of low strength of the coke particles can be overcome, and the problem of large contact angle between the subsequent coke particles and copper liquid can be improved. In the present invention, the siliconized pitch coke is obtained by subjecting the pitch coke to surface siliconization.

In addition, in the invention, before the silicified asphalt coke is used, the calcination treatment is carried out to reduce the influence of organic groups on the roasting of the product, and simultaneously, the water absorbed by the silicified asphalt coke is evaporated to dryness. According to the invention, the conditions of the calcination treatment include: the temperature can be 1200 ℃ and 1300 ℃, and the time can be 5-8 h.

According to the present invention, in the step (2), the conditions for the low-temperature kneading include: the kneading can be carried out for 50-70min under the conditions of the rotating speed of 30-50r/min and normal temperature, and in the invention, the following can be mentioned: the low-temperature kneading refers to that the high-temperature kneaded material obtained in the step (1) is contacted with sublimed sulfur and is kneaded, and the method can be also understood as contacting and kneading; in addition, since the contact kneading in the step (2) is performed at normal temperature, the kneaded material may be referred to as a low-temperature kneaded material. In the present invention, the low-temperature kneaded material includes the high-temperature kneaded material obtained in step (1) and sublimed sulfur, and the usage amount of the high-temperature kneaded material and the sublimed sulfur is not particularly limited, and may be determined according to the finally obtained copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate containing different components, for example, the weight ratio of the high-temperature kneaded material to the sublimed sulfur may be 9: 1 or 85: 15 (abbreviated, i.e., 17: 3), and so on.

According to the invention, the method also comprises the step of crushing the high-temperature kneaded material after high-temperature kneading, namely, in the invention, the high-temperature kneaded material obtained after high-temperature kneading of the carbon-containing matrix, the nano iron powder, the polyacrylonitrile fiber and the binder is crushed, wherein the particle size of the crushed high-temperature kneaded material can be 50-70 meshes, then the crushed high-temperature kneaded material is mixed with sublimed sulfur at normal temperature under high-speed stirring, hot-press molding is carried out at a certain temperature, pressure and pressing rate after mixing, then the mixture is placed into a roasting furnace for high-temperature roasting, and after roasting, the binder layer is coked into binder coke, and is obviously strengthened due to iron and carbon fibers. The binder coke is alloyed, so that the bonding strength among particles can be obviously improved, the transfer of electrons among the particles is facilitated, and the properties of the whole carbon sliding plate are that the breaking strength and the compressive strength are improved, and the resistivity is reduced. In the present invention, specific conditions under which the pulverized high-temperature kneaded material is mixed with sublimed sulfur at normal temperature under high-speed stirring include: stirring at a speed of 30-50r/min, mixing, and performing hot press molding at a certain temperature, pressure and pressing speed to obtain the skateboard precursor, wherein the pressing conditions comprise: taking a self-made mould (inner groove is 300mm multiplied by 62mm multiplied by 100mm), putting the mould into a hydraulic press, adding a material to be pressed, controlling the pressing pressure within the range of 30-50 tons, pressing at normal temperature, then raising the temperature to between 105 ℃ and 115 ℃, and heating for 5min-1 h. Then pressing with 30-50 tons of force, finally cooling to room temperature, and demoulding.

According to the present invention, in step (3), the skateboard precursor is placed in a roasting furnace and fired at a high temperature, and after the roasting, the binder layer is coked into binder coke and is significantly strengthened by iron and carbon fibers. The iron carbide and the iron sulfide are obtained after roasting. Wherein the roasting conditions comprise: the sliding plate precursor is covered with coke of 1-3mm particle size and then carbonized and roasted in an atmosphere furnace at 80-1000 deg.C at a temperature rise rate of 1-10 deg.C/h, and in the present invention, preferably, the roasting temperature conditions shown in Table 1 can be specifically adopted for the roasting to obtain more excellent effects.

TABLE 1

Serial number	Temperature range	Rate of temperature rise	Time
				1	80℃-200℃	5℃/h	24h
2	200℃-250℃	4.16℃/h	12h
				3	250℃-300℃	2℃/h	25h
4	300℃-400℃	1.3℃/h	77h
				5	400℃-500℃	2.5℃/h	40h
6	500℃-700℃	4℃/h	50h
				7	700℃-900℃	6.06℃/h	33h
8	900℃-1000℃	10℃/h	10h
				9	Constant temperature of 1000 DEG C	0℃/h	20h
10	1000℃-800℃	10℃/h	20h

According to the invention, in the step (4), the iron carbide obtained in the step (3) is immersed into copper liquid containing titanium and chromium, the high-pressure pressing is carried out, and the copper liquid flows into the inner pores, so that the final copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate is formed. Wherein the impregnation conditions include: the pressurizing pressure is 8-10 Mpa; the pressurizing time is 3-5 h; the pressure maintaining time is 8-10 h; the temperature is 1100-1300 ℃. In addition, in the invention, sublimed sulfur (namely sulfur) is used for pore forming, and pores formed in the roasting process can provide gas passages for copper impregnation, reduce the resistivity, improve the impact toughness and avoid the generation of cracks.

In the following examples and comparative examples:

testing the volume density of the related sample according to the JB/T8133.14-2013 standard;

testing the breaking strength of the related test sample according to the JB/T8133.7-2013 standard;

testing the compressive strength of the related test sample according to the JB/T8133.8-2013 standard;

testing the impact toughness of the related test sample according to the TBT 1842.2-2002 standard;

testing the resistivity of the related samples according to the JB/T8133.8-2013 standard;

testing the Shore hardness of the related test sample according to the JB/T8133.4-2013 standard;

testing the high abrasion ratio of the related samples according to the TBT 1842.2-2002 standard;

testing the true porosity of the related sample according to the GB 6156-1985 standard;

the relevant samples were tested for pore size distribution according to YB/T118-1997 standard.

In the invention, the pitch coke, the nano iron powder, the polyacrylonitrile fiber, the flake graphite and the sublimed sulfur can be obtained commercially, and specific manufacturers are shown in table 2.

TABLE 2

Name (R)	Suppliers of goods	Properties	Unit of	Purchase amount
					Asphalt coke	Shanghai friendship metallurgy Co Ltd	Self-production (6000 yuan/ton)	Kg	500
Medium temperature coal pitch	Handan Yanjin trade Co Ltd	National standard No. 1, softening point 80-90 deg.C	Kg	350
					Nano iron powder	Qinghe county Hui Guang Metal materials Co Ltd	D50＝50nm	Kg	120
Flake graphite	Shenzhen beibei new materials Co Ltd	120 mesh	Kg	240
					Sublimed sulphur	Sinopharm Group Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd.	D50＝30-40um	Kg	70
Polyacrylonitrile fiber	JIANGSU HAIDE NEW MATERIALS Ltd.	Length of<1cm	Kg	50

Example 1

This example illustrates a copper-iron-carbon composite skateboard prepared by the method of the present invention.

1. Experimental raw materials and equipment

The production process comprises the steps of preparing silicified pitch coke (300 meshes), crystalline flake graphite (120 meshes), medium-temperature coal pitch (softening point 80-90 ℃), nano iron powder (50nm), polyacrylonitrile fiber (less than 1 cm), copper alloy (containing 5 wt% of chromium and 3 wt% of titanium), sublimed sulfur (30um), a kneading machine, a crushing machine, a tubular atmosphere furnace, a hydraulic machine, a high-temperature infiltration furnace and a self-made mould pressing die (inner grooves are 300mm multiplied by 62mm multiplied by 100 mm).

2. Procedure of experiment

Firstly, adding the silicified pitch coke into a calcining furnace, and calcining for 8 hours at 1200 ℃;

adding a certain amount of silicified pitch coke, crystalline flake graphite, nano iron powder and polyacrylonitrile fiber into a kneader, controlling the rotating speed at 10r/min and the temperature at 160 ℃, firstly mixing for 0.5h, then adding medium-temperature coal pitch, then kneading for 1h at high temperature, and finally cooling and taking out;

adding the cooled kneaded material into a crusher, crushing and screening by using a 60-mesh screen, continuously feeding the screened granular material into the kneader, adding a certain amount of sublimed sulfur, increasing the kneading speed to 40r/min, and taking out for later use after kneading for 1 h;

weighing 1kg of kneaded material, adding the kneaded material into a self-made mold, using a sample spoon to perform surface treatment and flattening, covering a sealing cover, placing the sealing cover on a hydraulic press, setting the adding temperature to be 110 ℃, the pressing pressure to be 50 tons, and keeping the adding time for 5 minutes. Cooling after pressing, and then demoulding.

The prepared calcined sample was covered with coke having a particle size in the range of 2mm, and placed in an atmosphere furnace to be carbonized according to the temperature rising program shown in Table 2. The volume density of the obtained iron carbide is controlled to be 1.75g/cm³-1.85g/cm³In the meantime.

Putting the iron carbide into an infiltration furnace, adding a copper alloy containing chromium and titanium, and setting the pressurizing pressure to be 10Mpa, the pressurizing time to be 3 hours, the pressure maintaining time to be 8 hours and the heating temperature to be 1100 ℃. After impregnation, the mixture is quenched and cooled to obtain the final copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate, which is marked as S1.

Wherein the raw materials for high-temperature kneading comprise: 40 wt% of silicified pitch coke, 30 wt% of medium-temperature coal pitch, 10 wt% of nano iron powder, 10 wt% of polyacrylonitrile fiber and 10 wt% of crystalline flake graphite; the normal-temperature mixed material comprises the following components: 90 wt% of high-temperature kneaded material and 10 wt% of sublimed sulfur.

As a result, a copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate S1 was produced, in which the content of iron sulfide was 0.8 wt%, the content of ferrous sulfide was 2.5 wt%, the content of iron carbide was 8.9 wt%, the content of silicon carbide was 3.2 wt%, the content of chromium was 0.73 wt%, the content of titanium was 0.47 wt%, the content of copper was 14.5 wt%, and the content of carbon was 68.9 wt%, based on the total weight of the copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate, and the average pore diameter of the internal pores of the produced copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate was 41 μm, the true porosity was 11%, and other properties were as shown in table 3.

And the performance of the prepared copper-iron-carbon composite skateboard S1 was tested, and the results are shown in Table 3.

In addition, fig. 1 is an SEM image of the copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate prepared in example 1 of the present invention, and it can be seen from the figure that: the composite sliding plate has the advantages of smoother and smoother surface and less crack and pore space.

Example 2

This example illustrates a copper-iron-carbon composite skateboard prepared by the method of the present invention

1. Experimental raw materials and equipment

The same raw materials and equipment as in example 1 were used.

2. Procedure of experiment

Firstly, adding the silicified pitch coke into a calcining furnace, and calcining for 5 hours at 1300 ℃;

adding a certain amount of silicified pitch coke, crystalline flake graphite, nano iron powder and polyacrylonitrile fiber into a kneader, controlling the rotating speed at 20r/min and the temperature at 170 ℃, firstly mixing for 0.5h, then adding medium-temperature coal pitch, then kneading for 1h, and finally cooling and taking out;

adding the cooled kneaded material into a crusher, crushing and screening by using a 70-mesh screen, continuously feeding the screened granular material into the kneader, adding a certain amount of sublimed sulfur, increasing the kneading speed to 50r/min, and taking out for later use after kneading for 70 min;

weighing 1kg of kneaded material, adding the kneaded material into a self-made mold, using a sample spoon to perform surface treatment and leveling, covering a sealing cover, placing the sealing cover on a hydraulic press, setting the adding temperature to be 115 ℃, the pressing pressure to be 50 tons, and keeping the time for 5 minutes. Cooling after pressing, and then demoulding;

covering the prepared roasted sample with coke with the particle size range of 1mm, and putting the roasted sample into an atmosphere furnace for carbonization treatment according to a certain temperature rise program. The volume density of the obtained iron carbide is controlled to be 1.75g/cm³-1.85g/cm³In the meantime.

Putting the iron carbide into an infiltration furnace, adding the copper alloy, and setting the pressurizing pressure at 10Mpa and the heating temperature at 1300 ℃. After impregnation, the mixture is quenched and cooled to obtain the final copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate, which is marked as S2.

Wherein the raw materials for high-temperature kneading comprise: 40 wt% of silicified pitch coke, 30 wt% of medium-temperature coal pitch, 10 wt% of iron powder, 10 wt% of polyacrylonitrile fiber and 10 wt% of crystalline flake graphite; the normal-temperature mixed material comprises the following components: 90 wt% of high-temperature kneaded material and 10 wt% of sublimed sulfur.

As a result, a copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate S2 was produced, in which the content of iron sulfide was 0.8 wt%, the content of ferrous sulfide was 2.5 wt%, the content of iron carbide was 8.9 wt%, the content of silicon carbide was 3.2 wt%, the content of chromium was 0.73 wt%, the content of titanium was 0.47 wt%, the content of copper was 14.5 wt%, and the content of carbon was 68.9 wt%, based on the total weight of the copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate, and the average pore diameter of the internal pores of the produced copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate was 35 μm, the true porosity was 8%, and other properties were as shown in table 3.

And the performance of the prepared copper-iron-carbon composite skateboard S2 was tested, and the results are shown in Table 3.

Example 3

1. Experimental raw materials and equipment

The same raw materials and equipment as in example 1 were used.

2. Procedure of experiment

Firstly, adding the silicified asphalt coke into a calcining furnace, and calcining for 7 hours at 1250 ℃; adding a certain amount of silicified pitch coke, crystalline flake graphite, nano iron powder and polyacrylonitrile fiber into a kneader, controlling the rotating speed at 30r/min and the temperature at 150 ℃, firstly mixing for 0.5 hour, then adding medium-temperature coal pitch, then kneading for 2 hours, and finally cooling and taking out;

adding the cooled kneaded material into a crusher, crushing and screening by using a 50-mesh screen, continuously feeding the screened granular material into the kneader, adding a certain amount of sublimed sulfur, increasing the kneading speed to 30r/min, and taking out for later use after kneading for 70 hours;

weighing 1kg of kneaded material, adding the kneaded material into a self-made mold, using a sample spoon to perform surface treatment and leveling, covering a sealing cover, placing the mixture on a hydraulic press, setting the adding temperature to be 105 ℃, the pressing pressure to be 50 tons, and keeping the time for 5 minutes. Cooling after pressing, and then demoulding;

covering the prepared roasted sample with coke with the particle size range of 3mm, and putting the roasted sample into an atmosphere furnace for carbonization treatment according to a certain temperature rise program. The volume density of the obtained iron carbide is controlled to be 1.75g/cm³-1.85g/cm³In the meantime.

Putting the iron carbide into an infiltration furnace, adding the copper alloy, and setting the pressurizing pressure at 8Mpa and the heating temperature at 1100 ℃. After impregnation, the mixture is quenched and cooled to obtain the final copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate, which is marked as S3.

As a result, a copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate S3 was produced, in which the content of iron sulfide was 0.8 wt%, the content of ferrous sulfide was 2.5 wt%, the content of iron carbide was 8.9 wt%, the content of silicon carbide was 3.2 wt%, the content of chromium was 0.73 wt%, the content of titanium was 0.47 wt%, the content of copper was 14.5 wt%, and the content of carbon was 68.9 wt%, based on the total weight of the copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate, and the average pore diameter of the internal pores of the produced copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate was 28 μm, the true porosity was 15%, and other properties were as shown in table 3.

And the performance of the prepared copper-iron-carbon composite skateboard S3 was tested, and the results are shown in Table 3.

Example 4

A copper iron carbon composite sliding plate was manufactured in the same manner as in example 1, except that: the raw material composition of high-temperature kneading: 40 wt% of silicified pitch coke, 30 wt% of medium-temperature coal pitch, 10 wt% of nano iron powder, 10 wt% of polyacrylonitrile fiber and 10 wt% of crystalline flake graphite; the normal-temperature mixed material comprises the following components: 85 wt% of high-temperature kneaded material and 15 wt% of sublimed sulfur.

As a result, a copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate S4 was produced, in which the content of iron sulfide was 1.2 wt%, the content of ferrous sulfide was 3.1 wt%, the content of iron carbide was 7.7 wt%, the content of silicon carbide was 3 wt%, the content of chromium was 0.74 wt%, the content of titanium was 0.46 wt%, the content of copper was 13.5 wt%, and the content of carbon was 70.3 wt%, based on the total weight of the copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate, and the average pore diameter of the internal pores of the produced copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate was 20 μm, the true porosity was 9%, and other properties were as shown in table 3.

And the performance of the prepared copper-iron-carbon composite skateboard S4 was tested, and the results are shown in Table 3.

Example 5

A copper iron carbon composite sliding plate was manufactured in the same manner as in example 1, except that: the conditions in the preparation process are different, specifically: directly putting the cooled kneaded material into a kneader without crushing, adding a certain amount of sublimed sulfur, increasing the kneading speed to 40r/min, and taking out for later use after kneading for 1 hour;

weighing 1kg of kneaded material, adding the kneaded material into a self-made mold, using a sample spoon to perform surface treatment and leveling, covering a sealing cover, placing the sealing cover on a hydraulic press, setting the adding temperature to be 110 ℃, the pressing pressure to be 50 tons, and keeping the time for 5 minutes. Cooling after pressing, and then demoulding;

covering the prepared roasted sample with coke with the particle size range of 2mm, and putting the roasted sample into an atmosphere furnace for carbonization treatment according to a certain temperature rise program. The volume density of the obtained iron carbide is controlled to be 1.75g/cm³-1.85g/cm³In the meantime.

Putting the iron carbide into an infiltration furnace, adding the copper alloy, and setting the pressurizing pressure at 10Mpa and the heating temperature at 1100 ℃. After impregnation, the mixture is quenched and cooled to obtain the final copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate, which is marked as S5.

As a result, a copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate S5 was produced, in which the content of iron sulfide was 0.8 wt%, the content of ferrous sulfide was 2.5 wt%, the content of iron carbide was 8.9 wt%, the content of silicon carbide was 3.2 wt%, the content of chromium was 0.73 wt%, the content of titanium was 0.47 wt%, the content of copper was 14.5 wt%, and the content of carbon was 68.9 wt%, based on the total weight of the copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate, and the average pore diameter of the produced copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate was 50 μm, the true porosity was 13%, and other properties were as shown in table 3.

And the performance of the prepared copper-iron-carbon composite skateboard S5 was tested, and the results are shown in Table 3.

Example 6

A copper iron carbon composite sliding plate was manufactured in the same manner as in example 1, except that: the method is characterized in that the raw material composition of high-temperature kneading is changed, wherein the high-temperature kneading is used so that the prepared copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate S6 has the iron sulfide content of 0.7 wt%, the ferrous sulfide content of 2.4 wt%, the iron carbide content of 8.9 wt%, the silicon carbide content of 4.5 wt%, the chromium content of 0.86 wt%, the titanium content of 0.54 wt%, the copper content of 15.6 wt% and the carbon content of 66.5 wt%, based on the total weight of the copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate, and the prepared copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate has the average pore diameter of 34 μm, the true porosity of 10% and other properties shown in Table 3.

And the performance of the prepared copper-iron-carbon composite skateboard S6 was tested, and the results are shown in Table 3.

Example 7

A copper iron carbon composite sliding plate was manufactured in the same manner as in example 1, except that: the method is characterized in that the raw material composition of high-temperature kneading is changed, wherein the high-temperature kneading material is used so that the prepared copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate S7 has 0.6 wt% of iron sulfide, 2.1 wt% of ferrous sulfide, 7.7 wt% of iron carbide, 3.5 wt% of silicon carbide, 0.75 wt% of chromium, 0.45 wt% of titanium, 13.8 wt% of copper and 71.1 wt% of carbon, based on the total weight of the copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate, the average pore diameter of the prepared copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate is 25 μm, the true porosity is 14%, and other properties are shown in Table 3.

And the performance of the prepared copper-iron-carbon composite skateboard S7 was tested, and the results are shown in Table 3.

Example 8

A copper iron carbon composite sliding plate was manufactured in the same manner as in example 1, except that: the method is characterized in that the raw material composition of high-temperature kneading is changed, wherein the high-temperature kneading material is used so that the prepared copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate S8 has an iron sulfide content of 0.6 wt%, an iron sulfide content of 2.2 wt%, an iron carbide content of 6.2 wt%, a silicon carbide content of 3 wt%, a chromium content of 0.7 wt%, a titanium content of 0.42 wt%, a copper content of 12.88 wt%, and a carbon content of 74 wt%, based on the total weight of the copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate, and the prepared copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate has an average pore diameter of 18 μm, a true porosity of 16%, and other properties as shown in Table 3.

And the performance of the prepared copper-iron-carbon composite skateboard S8 was tested, and the results are shown in Table 3.

Example 9

A copper iron carbon composite sliding plate was manufactured in the same manner as in example 1, except that: the method is characterized in that the raw material composition of high-temperature kneading is changed, wherein the high-temperature kneading material is used so that the prepared copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate S9 has 1 wt% of iron sulfide, 2.3 wt% of ferrous sulfide, 8.7 wt% of iron carbide, 5 wt% of silicon carbide, 0.9 wt% of chromium, 0.54 wt% of titanium, 14.56 wt% of copper and 67 wt% of carbon, based on the total weight of the copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate, the average pore diameter of the prepared copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate is 28 μm, the true porosity is 11%, and other properties are shown in Table 3.

And the performance of the prepared copper-iron-carbon composite skateboard S9 was tested, and the results are shown in Table 3.

Comparative example 1

A copper-carbon composite sliding plate was produced in the same manner as in example 1, except that: nano iron powder and polyacrylonitrile fiber are not added, specifically: the raw materials for high-temperature kneading comprise: 50 wt% of silicified asphalt coke, 37.5 wt% of medium temperature coal tar and 12.5 wt% of crystalline flake graphite; the raw materials kneaded at normal temperature consist of: 90% of high-temperature kneaded material and 10% of sublimed sulfur.

As a result, a copper-carbon composite sliding plate D1 was produced, in which the chromium content was 0.76 wt%, the titanium content was 0.44 wt%, the copper content was 14.1 wt%, the carbon content was 79.1 wt%, and the silicon carbide content was 2.5 wt%, based on the total weight of the copper-carbon composite sliding plate, and the average pore diameter of the produced copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate was 25 μm, the vacuum porosity was 18%, and other properties were as shown in table 3.

And the performance of the prepared copper-carbon composite sliding plate D1 was tested, and the results are shown in Table 3.

In addition, fig. 2 is an SEM image of the copper-carbon composite sliding plate prepared in comparative example 1 of the present invention, from which it can be seen that: the composite skateboard in fig. 2 has more surface pores and uneven surface, and is easy to break under the action of stress, so that the mechanical properties such as breaking strength and compressive strength, and the Shore hardness are lower than those of the skateboard in example 1.

Comparative example 2

A copper iron carbon composite sliding plate was manufactured in the same manner as in example 1, except that: the raw material composition of the high-temperature kneading does not contain nano iron powder.

As a result, a copper-carbon composite sliding plate D2 was produced, in which the chromium content was 0.87 wt%, the titanium content was 0.53 wt%, the copper content was 15.9 wt%, the carbon content was 76.4 wt%, and the silicon carbide content was 3.4 wt%, based on the total weight of the copper-carbon composite sliding plate, and the average pore diameter of the produced copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate was 38 μm, the vacuum porosity was 16%, and other properties were as shown in table 3.

And the performance of the prepared copper-carbon composite sliding plate D2 was tested, and the results are shown in Table 3.

Comparative example 3

A copper iron carbon composite sliding plate was manufactured in the same manner as in example 1, except that: the raw material composition of the high-temperature kneading does not contain polyacrylonitrile fiber.

As a result, a copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate D3 was prepared, in which the content of iron sulfide was 0.9 wt%, the content of ferrous sulfide was 2.7 wt%, the content of iron carbide was 9.1 wt%, the content of silicon carbide was 3.4 wt%, the content of chromium was 0.9 wt%, and the content of titanium was 0.6 wt%, based on the total weight of the copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate; the copper content was 17.9% by weight, the carbon content was 64.5% by weight, and the average pore diameter of the internal pores of the prepared copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate was 25 μm, the true porosity was 14%, and other properties are shown in table 3.

And the performance of the prepared copper-iron-carbon composite skateboard D3 was tested, and the results are shown in Table 3.

Comparative example 4

A copper iron carbon composite sliding plate was manufactured in the same manner as in example 1, except that: no immersion copper bath treatment process was performed.

As a result, an iron-carbon composite sliding plate D4 was produced, in which the content of iron sulfide was 1.1 wt%, the content of ferrous sulfide was 3.4 wt%, the content of iron carbide was 9.1 wt%, the content of carbon was 81.9 wt%, and the content of silicon carbide was 4.5 wt%, based on the total weight of the iron-carbon composite sliding plate, and the average pore diameter of the produced iron-carbon composite sliding plate was 65 μm, the vacuum porosity was 31%, and other properties were as shown in table 3.

And the performance of the prepared iron-carbon composite sliding plate D4 was tested, and the results are shown in Table 3.

Comparative example 5

A copper iron carbon composite sliding plate was manufactured in the same manner as in example 1, except that: no sublimed sulphur was added, specifically:

the raw material composition of high-temperature kneading: 45 wt% of silicified pitch coke, 30 wt% of medium-temperature coal pitch, 10 wt% of nano iron powder, 5 wt% of polyacrylonitrile fiber and 10 wt% of crystalline flake graphite;

as a result, a copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate D5 was produced, in which the iron carbide content was 13.2 wt%, the chromium content was 0.57 wt%, the titanium content was 0.33 wt%, the copper content was 10.5 wt%, the carbon content was 72.2 wt%, and the silicon carbide content was 3.2 wt%, based on the total weight of the copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate, and the average pore diameter of the produced copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate was 46 μm, the true porosity was 14%, and other properties were as shown in table 3.

And the performance of the prepared copper-iron-carbon composite skateboard D5 was tested, and the results are shown in Table 3.

TABLE 3

As can be seen from the results in Table 3, the copper-iron-carbon composite skateboard prepared by the method of the present invention has the advantages of good sliding performance, good heat resistance, and good heat resistanceIn examples 1 to 5, the carbon matrix is reinforced by adding nano iron powder and polyacrylonitrile fiber into asphalt, and the preparation conditions are changed, so that the content of each element contained in the prepared copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate is not greatly different in composition, but the preparation conditions have a significant influence on the bonding strength, the current-carrying friction performance and the resistivity of each component in the preparation process; specifically, the bulk density of the copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate prepared in the examples 1 to 5 is between 2.62 and 2.72g/cm³The rupture strength is between 92 and 103MPa, the compressive strength is between 234 and 260MPa, and the impact toughness is between 0.32 and 0.45J/cm²The resistivity is between 3 and 8 mu omega.m, the Shore hardness is between 90 and 99HS, the height abrasion ratio is between 3 and 8mm per ten thousand locomotive kilometers, and the weight abrasion ratio is between 55 and 83g per ten thousand locomotive kilometers; in examples 6 to 9, the material charging amount in the preparation process is changed, so that the content, namely the component difference, of each element contained in the prepared copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate is large, and the change of the components also has influence on the bonding strength, the current-carrying friction performance and the resistivity among the components; specifically, the bulk density of the copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate prepared in the examples 6 to 9 is between 2.61 and 2.77g/cm³The rupture strength is between 92 and 102MPa, the compressive strength is between 236 and 268MPa, and the impact toughness is between 0.32 and 0.48J/cm²The resistivity is between 3 and 9 mu omega.m, the Shore hardness is between 87 and 97HS, the height abrasion ratio is between 2 and 9mm per ten thousand locomotive kilometers, and the weight abrasion ratio is between 53 and 79g per ten thousand locomotive kilometers;

and comparative examples 1 to 5, because the technical scheme of the invention is not adopted, for example, the raw material composition kneaded at high temperature in comparative example 1 does not contain nano iron powder and polyacrylonitrile fiber, the raw material composition kneaded at high temperature in comparative example 2 does not contain nano iron powder, the raw material composition kneaded at high temperature in comparative example 3 does not contain polyacrylonitrile fiber, comparative example 4 does not carry out the copper liquid immersion treatment process in the preparation process, and the raw material composition kneaded at high temperature in comparative example 5 is not in the range defined by the invention, so that the volume density of the prepared composite sliding plate is between 1.67-2.55g/cm³The rupture strength is between 58 and 67MPa, the compressive strength is between 108 and 181MPa, and the impact toughness is between 0.15 and 0.28J/cm²The resistivity is between 11 and 78 mu omega.m, the Shore hardness is between 72 and 86HS, the height abrasion ratio is between 14 and 36mm per ten thousand locomotive kilometers, and the weight abrasion ratio is between 210 and 353g per ten thousand locomotive kilometers;

obviously, the effects of comparative examples 1 to 5 are less excellent than those of examples 1 to 9. On one hand, the copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate obtained by adopting the technical scheme of the invention is fully explained, nano iron powder is alloyed with binder coke at high temperature to form iron carbide with the strength higher than that of carbon, and the binder coke is alloyed, so that the binding strength between particles can be obviously improved, and the transmission of electrons between particles is facilitated, which is reflected in that the performance of the whole copper-iron-carbon sliding plate is that the Schottky hardness, the flexural strength and the compressive strength are improved, the resistivity is reduced, and the nano iron powder can also react with sulfur to generate sulfide of high-strength wear-resistant material iron; on the other hand, the polyacrylonitrile fiber can be used as a precursor of the carbon fiber, so that the problems of difficult dispersion and poor bonding property with a carbon-containing matrix of the carbon fiber are solved, a fiber reinforced structure is formed after firing, force distribution and crack expansion prevention are facilitated, and the mechanical property and the wear resistance of the copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate are improved; and for the problem that the carbon surface is difficult to wet by the copper liquid, the copper liquid in the invention contains titanium and chromium, has good wettability to graphite, and obviously improves the wettability.

The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above in detail, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, many simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the invention, including combinations of various technical features in any other suitable way, and these simple modifications and combinations should also be regarded as the disclosure of the invention, and all fall within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. The copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate contains copper and carbon, and is characterized by also containing iron sulfide, iron carbide and silicon carbide; wherein the iron sulfide comprises iron sulfide and ferrous sulfide, and the total weight of the copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate is taken as a reference, the content of the iron sulfide is 0.6-1.2 wt%, the content of the ferrous sulfide is 2.4-3.4 wt%, the content of the iron carbide is 6.2-8.9 wt%, and the content of the silicon carbide is 3-5 wt%.

2. The copper-iron-carbon composite skateboard of claim 1, wherein the copper-iron-carbon composite skateboard further comprises chromium and titanium, and the chromium is contained in an amount of 0.7 to 0.9 wt% and the titanium is contained in an amount of 0.42 to 0.54 wt% based on the total weight of the copper-iron-carbon composite skateboard.

3. The copper iron carbon composite skateboard of claim 1, wherein the copper content is 12.88 to 16.56 wt% and the carbon content is 66 to 74 wt% based on the total weight of the copper iron carbon composite skateboard.

4. The copper-iron-carbon composite skateboard according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the copper-iron-carbon composite skateboard has a durometer hardness of 80 to 110HS, a height wear ratio of 2 to 10mm per ten thousand kilometers, a weight wear ratio of 53 to 83g per ten thousand kilometers, and a resistivity of 3 to 12 μ Ω -m.

5. The copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate has a true porosity of 8 to 15% and a bulk density of 2.5 to 2.8g/cm³And the average pore diameter of the inner pores of the copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate is 20-50 mu m.

6. A method for manufacturing a copper-iron-carbon composite skateboard as recited in any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising:

(4) immersing the iron carbide and iron sulfide in a copper bath;

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the binder is medium temperature coal tar pitch; and taking the total weight of the high-temperature kneaded material as a reference, the using amount of the silicified asphalt coke is 15-75 wt%, the using amount of the graphite is 5-15 wt%, the using amount of the medium-temperature coal pitch is 10-40 wt%, the using amount of the nano iron powder is 5-15 wt%, and the using amount of the polyacrylonitrile fiber is 5-15 wt%.

8. The method according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the high temperature kneaded mass is used in an amount of 80-90 wt% and the sublimed sulfur is used in an amount of 10-20 wt%, based on the total weight of the sliding plate precursor.

9. The method according to claim 6, wherein the copper bath further comprises chromium and titanium, and the chromium is present in an amount of 4 to 6 wt%, the titanium is present in an amount of 1 to 3 wt%, the copper is present in an amount of 91 to 95 wt%, and the total amount is one hundred percent, based on the total weight of the copper bath.

10. The method according to claim 6, wherein, in step (1), the conditions of the high-temperature kneading include: kneading for 0.5-2h at the rotation speed of 10-30r/min and the temperature of 150-; and the method also comprises the step of crushing the high-temperature kneaded material after high-temperature kneading, wherein the particle size of the crushed kneaded material is 50-70 meshes.

11. The copper-iron-carbon composite sliding plate prepared by the method of any one of claims 6 to 10.

12. Use of the copper iron carbon composite skateboard of any one of claims 1 to 5 or the copper iron carbon composite skateboard of claim 11 in a track.