CN109418558A - Cow concentrate supplement and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Cow concentrate supplement and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109418558A CN109418558A CN201710741618.7A CN201710741618A CN109418558A CN 109418558 A CN109418558 A CN 109418558A CN 201710741618 A CN201710741618 A CN 201710741618A CN 109418558 A CN109418558 A CN 109418558A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- percent
- concentrate supplement
- premix
- meal
- protein
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000019764 Soybean Meal Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- OPGYRRGJRBEUFK-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;diacetate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O OPGYRRGJRBEUFK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 235000017454 sodium diacetate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000004455 soybean meal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 235000015099 wheat brans Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 235000019742 Vitamins premix Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
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- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 240000002791 Brassica napus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 235000004977 Brassica sinapistrum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 claims description 84
- 235000013365 dairy product Nutrition 0.000 claims description 66
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 claims description 23
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- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
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- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 18
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- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000012245 magnesium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Niacin Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
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- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 claims description 13
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- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
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- GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2] GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
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- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- BVTBRVFYZUCAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium selenite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Se]([O-])=O BVTBRVFYZUCAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000007715 potassium iodide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
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- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000006240 Linum usitatissimum Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000004431 Linum usitatissimum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000011647 vitamin D3 Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960000355 copper sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
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- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002333 glycines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- MJYQFWSXKFLTAY-OVEQLNGDSA-N (2r,3r)-2,3-bis[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]butane-1,4-diol;(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O.C1=C(O)C(OC)=CC(C[C@@H](CO)[C@H](CO)CC=2C=C(OC)C(O)=CC=2)=C1 MJYQFWSXKFLTAY-OVEQLNGDSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- FUFJGUQYACFECW-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium hydrogenphosphate Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP([O-])([O-])=O FUFJGUQYACFECW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract 1
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- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 38
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- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
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- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (±)-α-Tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-tocopherol Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC1CCC2C(C)C(O)C(C)C(C)C2O1 WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
- A23K10/38—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material from distillers' or brewers' waste
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
- A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/22—Compounds of alkali metals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/24—Compounds of alkaline earth metals, e.g. magnesium
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of cow concentrate supplements and preparation method thereof.Cow concentrate supplement of the invention is grouped as by each group of following mass percent: corn 45%~50%, wheat bran 5%~15%, Soybean Meal 5%~10%, the Cotton Seed dregs of rice 6%~13%, rapeseed dregs 4%~10%, oil cake of flax seed 7%~13%, corn protein powder 3%~6%, vinasse albumen feed 3%~6%, calcium carbonate 1%~3%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1%~2%, salt 0.3%~1.0%, sodium Diacetate 0.5%~1.0%, sodium bicarbonate 0.4%~2.4%, magnesia 0.2%~1.2%, sustained-release non-protein nitrogen 0.2%~1.0%, mineral substance premix 2.0%~4.0%, complex vitamin premix 1.0%~2.0%.Make nitrogen, the decline of phosphorus excretion using cow concentrate supplement of the invention, improves the output of milk and Milk quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an animal feed, in particular to a concentrate supplement for dairy cows and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The nutrient substances required by the dairy cows for maintaining life, growing and developing, producing milk and breeding offspring comprise moisture, energy, protein, mineral elements, vitamins and the like. Besides part of water, the nutrition required by the dairy cow needs to be provided by the feed. According to the digestive physiology of ruminants, the daily ration of the dairy cattle needs to have enough cellulose, and the quantity and the proportion of the neutral detergent fiber and the acidic detergent fiber contained in the daily ration of the dairy cattle meet the requirement of the dairy cattle for maintaining normal digestive function as far as possible. Cellulose is mainly derived from roughage, however, most roughage has relatively low energy, protein, mineral elements and vitamins, and cannot meet the requirements of growth, milk production and breeding offspring of dairy cows, particularly the milk production requirements of high-yield dairy cows. In order to exert the milk production potential and improve the breeding benefit of the dairy cows, a certain amount of concentrated feed is added into the daily ration of the dairy cows on the basis of the coarse feed to supplement the deficiency of energy, protein, mineral elements and vitamins, so the concentrated feed in the daily ration of the ruminant is called as concentrated feed supplement.
The milk production performance of the dairy cows mainly depends on genetic basis, and whether the milk production performance can be fully exerted or not mainly depends on the nutritional status of daily ration. The proportion of concentrate supplement in the daily ration is increased, and the milk yield can be improved due to the improvement of the energy and the protein concentration of the daily ration. However, the excessive use of concentrate supplement not only causes abnormal digestive function, but also affects the health of the dairy cows, thereby affecting the quality of fresh milk. The overnutrition or the unbalance of components of daily ration of the dairy cow, particularly the overnutrition and the unbalance of concentrate supplement feed can cause the excretion of nutrient elements and metabolites thereof to be correspondingly increased, thereby not only increasing the breeding cost, but also polluting the environment. Therefore, in order to fully exert the milk production performance of the dairy cows, a concentrate supplement for the dairy cows, which can accurately balance the nutrient supply and demand, needs to be provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a concentrate supplement for dairy cows, which can accurately balance nutrient supply and demand, and the invention also provides a preparation method of the concentrate supplement for dairy cows.
The theoretical basis of the concentrate supplement for dairy cows provided by the invention is as follows:
modern ruminant nutrition studies have shown that Crude Protein (CP) and digestible protein (DCP) systems do not fully reflect the essence of protein metabolism in cows, while small intestine Digestible Crude Protein (DCPSI) more accurately reflects the protein requirements of cows.
The small intestinal Digestible Crude Protein (DCPSI) required by cows is mainly derived from rumen microbial protein (MCP). To meet the optimal synthetic amount of rumen microbial protein (MCP), dairy cattle diets should meet the requirements of rumen microbes on feed digestible organic matter (FOM) and feed degrading nitrogen (RDN).
Rumen Energy Nitrogen Balance (RENB), is the most reasonable amount and proportion of proteins synthesized by microorganisms that are contained in digestible organic substances FOM and feed degrading nitrogen RDN in daily ration. The nitrogen balance of rumen energy is zero, so that the energy of the daily ration and degradable nitrogen just meet the requirements of microorganisms; if the value is positive, the energy is rich but the RDN is insufficient; if the value is negative, the energy is insufficient and the RDN is abundant. The closer the energy nitrogen balance data is to zero, the more the ration energy nitrogen level and proportion tend to meet the maximized microbial synthesis needs.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the concentrate supplement for the dairy cows comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 45-60% of corn, 5-15% of wheat bran, 5-10% of soybean meal, 6-13% of cottonseed meal, 4-10% of rapeseed meal, 7-13% of flax cake, 3-6% of corn protein powder, 3-6% of vinasse protein feed (DDGS), 1-3% of calcium carbonate, 1-2% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3-1.0% of salt, 0.5-1.0% of sodium diacetate, 0.4-2.4% of sodium bicarbonate, 0.2-1.2% of magnesium oxide, 0.2-1.0% of non-protein nitrogen, 2.0-4.0% of mineral slow-release premix and 1.0-2.0% of compound vitamin premix;
wherein the mineral premix comprises the following components: ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, sodium selenite, cobalt chloride, zeolite powder and medical stone;
the compound vitamin premix consists of the following components: vA、VD3、VENiacin, yeast culture, and rice bran.
Preferably, the mass percent of the moisture in the corn is 13-14%, the mass percent of the moisture in the wheat bran is 12-13%, 43 to 47 percent of the crude protein content of the soybean meal, 40 to 45 percent of the crude protein content of the cottonseed meal, the crude protein content of the rapeseed dregs is 36 to 39 percent, the crude protein content of the flax cakes is 34 to 38 percent, the crude protein content of the corn protein powder is 60 to 65 percent, the crude protein content of the vinasse protein feed is 26 to 30 percent, the calcium content of the calcium carbonate is 38 to 40 percent, the phosphorus content of the calcium hydrophosphate is 16 to 18 percent, the salt and baking soda are food grade, the yeast culture is suitable for ruminants, and the sodium diacetate, the magnesium oxide and the slow-release non-protein nitrogen are feed grade.
Preferably, each component in the mineral premix is feed grade.
Preferably, said VA、VD3、VEAnd the nicotinic acid and the rice bran are both feed grade, and the mass percentage of the water in the rice bran is 10-12%.
Preferably, per 100kg of mineral premix, comprises: 15g of ferrous sulfate, 18g of copper sulfate, 17g of manganese sulfate, 115g of zinc sulfate, 150g of potassium chloride, 11g of potassium iodide, 8g of sodium selenite, 36g of cobalt chloride, 50kg of zeolite powder and 49.63kg of medical stone.
Further, each 1kg of the mineral premix contains the following components by mass: 25-50 mg of iron element, 30-60 mg of copper element, 35-70 mg of manganese element, 280-500 mg of zinc element, 500-1000 mg of potassium element, 70-100 mg of iodine element, 30-50 mg of selenium element and 50-100 mg of cobalt element.
Preferably, the composition of each 100kg of the vitamin complex premix is as follows: vA15g、VD312g、VE3g, 30g of nicotinic acid, 2000g of yeast culture and 97.94kg of rice bran.
Furthermore, each 1kg of the vitamin complex premix contains the following components in unit quantity: vitamin A750KIU-1000KIU, vitamin D3210KIU-300KIU, vitamin E5450IU-8500IU, and the number of yeast living cells is 4000 hundred million-8000 hundred million.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the dairy cattle concentrate supplement, which comprises the following specific steps:
1) removing impurities and crushing: removing impurities from semen Maydis, semen glycines meal, semen gossypii kernel meal, semen Brassicae campestris meal, and semen Sesami cake, pulverizing, and sieving with a pulverizer with a sieve plate aperture of 2.5-3 mm;
2) mixing: the following materials are added according to the following proportion: corn, soybean meal, cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal, sesame cake, composite vitamin premix, mineral premix, slow-release non-protein nitrogen, corn protein powder, calcium carbonate, calcium hydrophosphate, salt, sodium diacetate, sodium bicarbonate, magnesium oxide, vinasse protein feed and wheat bran to obtain the concentrate supplement for the dairy cattle.
The rumen bypass protection technology, green feed additives such as enzyme preparations, probiotics, organic trace elements, Chinese herbal medicines and the like, rumen buffering agents, expanded concentrated feed, standard medicines, vaccine use and other technologies and measures are applied to the feeding of the dairy cows, so that the milk yield and the fresh milk quality of the dairy cows are effectively improved.
The invention also applies the ecological nutrition theory of ruminants, the electrolyte balance technology, the microbial technology and the like to the production of dairy cows together, and provides a safe dairy cow concentrate supplement which refers to the three aspects of the safety of feed to the dairy cows, the safety of dairy cow breeding to the environment and the safety of dairy cows to people.
The invention is based on the modern nutriology theory of ruminants, adopts indexes such as digestible protein of small intestine and effective phosphorus and the like, and adopts NaHCO3The adjustment function of the buffer agent, the optimal DCAB requirement of the dairy cattle and other technical measures are adopted to design and process the dairy cattle concentrate supplement. The invention has the advantages that the nutrient supply and demand are accurately balanced, the excretion of nitrogen, phosphorus and trace elements is reduced, the digestion barrier is reduced, and the milk yield and the milk quality are improved.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The formula of the concentrate supplement for dairy cows of the invention is as follows:
500kg of corn, 80kg of soybean meal, 60kg of cottonseed meal, 50kg of rapeseed meal, 70kg of sesame cake, 15kg of calcium carbonate, 12kg of calcium hydrophosphate, 10kg of salt, 8kg of sodium diacetate, 12kg of baking soda, 8kg of magnesium oxide, 5kg of slow-release non-protein nitrogen, 20kg of mineral premix, 10kg of multivitamin premix, 30kg of corn protein powder, 40kg of DDGS (distillers dried grains with soluble) and 70kg of wheat bran;
wherein each 100kg of mineral premix comprises: 15g of ferrous sulfate, 18g of copper sulfate, 17g of manganese sulfate, 115g of zinc sulfate, 150g of potassium chloride, 11g of potassium iodide, 8g of sodium selenite, 36g of cobalt chloride, 50kg of zeolite powder and 49.63kg of medical stone; wherein,
each 1kg of mineral premix contains: 25-50 mg of iron element, 30-60 mg of copper element, 35-70 mg of manganese element, 280-500 mg of zinc element, 500-1000 mg of potassium element, 70-100 mg of iodine element, 30-50 mg of selenium element and 50-100 mg of cobalt element.
Every 100kg of the composite vitamin premix comprises the following components: vA15g、VD312g、VE3g, 30g of nicotinic acid, 2000g of yeast culture and 97.94kg of rice bran, wherein,
each 1kg of the compound vitamin premix contains: vitamin A750KIU-1000KIU, vitamin D210 KIU-300KIU, vitamin E5450IU-8500IU, and the number of yeast living cells is 4000 hundred million-8000 hundred million.
The preparation method of the concentrate supplement for dairy cows comprises the following steps:
1. preparing a mineral premix: diluting ferrous sulfate 15g, copper sulfate 18g, manganese sulfate 17g, zinc sulfate 115g, potassium chloride 150g, potassium iodide 11g, sodium selenite 8g, and cobalt chloride 36g with zeolite powder 50kg and Maifanitum 49.63kg, mixing well, preparing into mineral premix, wherein,
each 1kg of mineral premix contains: 25-50 mg of iron element, 30-60 mg of copper element, 35-70 mg of manganese element, 280-500 mg of zinc element, 500-1000 mg of potassium element, 70-100 mg of iodine element, 30-50 mg of selenium element and 50-100 mg of cobalt element.
2. Preparing a compound vitamin premix: will VA15g、VD312g、VE3g of nicotinic acid, 30g of nicotinic acid and 2000g of yeast culture, diluting with 97.94kg of rice bran and uniformly mixing to prepare the composite vitamin premix, wherein,
each 1kg of the compound vitamin premix contains: vitamin A750KIU-1000KIU, vitamin D210 KIU-300KIU, vitamin E5450IU-8500IU, and the number of yeast living cells is 4000 hundred million-8000 hundred million.
3. Removing impurities, crushing and mixing: utilizing a feed processing unit to respectively remove impurities in corn, soybean meal, cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal and sesame cake, and respectively utilizing a feed grinder to grind, wherein the grinding granularity is as follows: 99 percent of the feed passes through a 2.8mm woven sieve, the oversize product of 1.40mm is less than or equal to 20 percent, the raw materials are put into an opened feed mixer according to the sequence, the multivitamin premix, the mineral premix, the slow-release non-protein nitrogen, the corn protein powder, the calcium carbonate, the calcium hydrophosphate, the salt, the sodium diacetate, the baking soda, the magnesium oxide, the vinasse protein feed and the wheat bran are added while stirring, and the concentrate supplement for the dairy cows is obtained after uniform stirring and mixing. Wherein the Coefficient of Variation (CV) of the mixing uniformity is less than or equal to 10%.
And (3) quantitatively subpackaging the obtained dairy cow concentrate supplement to obtain the dairy cow concentrate supplement.
Through detection, the content of each component in the concentrate supplement for dairy cows meets the following detection standard:
and (3) crushing particle size: GB/T5917
Mixing uniformity: GB/T5918
Moisture content: GB/T5935
Calcium: GB/T5936
Phosphorus: GB/T5937
Coarse ash content: GB/T5938
Sodium chloride: GB/T5939
Crude protein: GB/T6432
Crude fat: GB/T6433
Coarse fiber: GB/T6434
Iodine: GB/T13882
Selenium: GB/T13883
Sulfur: GB/T17776
Iron, copper, manganese, zinc, magnesium: GB/T13885
Vitamin E: GB/T17812
Vitamin A: GB/T17817
Vitamin D3：GB/T17818。
Namely, the content of each component in the concentrate supplement for dairy cows of the invention is in the following range:
the water content is less than or equal to 13.0 percent
The crude protein is more than or equal to 18 percent
Crude fat is more than or equal to 2.5 percent
The crude fiber is less than or equal to 9.0 percent
The coarse ash content is less than or equal to 9.0 percent
1.2 to 2.0 percent of calcium
0.5 to 1.0 percent of phosphorus
0.3 to 0.5 percent of sulfur
0.3 to 1.0 percent of magnesium
The content of sodium chloride is more than or equal to 1.0 percent.
The invention relates to a test for feeding dairy cows by applying the concentrate supplement for the dairy cows.
1. Time and place of experiment
The test is carried out in a harmonious dairy farm in the year of year 2009, 4 month 15 days-2009, 6 month 30 days. And observing and selecting the cows in a pre-test period and finishing the adaptability transition of the concentrated feed.
2. Selection and management of test cows
From the herd of cattle, 18 cows were selected for the trial. According to the principle that the age, milk yield, fetal times and lactation months are similar, test cattle are divided into three groups to carry out concentrated feed feeding test.
The test group 1 was fed with the concentrate supplement for cows of the present invention, and the test group 2 and the test group 3 were fed with commercially available concentrate supplements for cows of two certain brands, respectively. The analyzed values (%) of the main nutrients of the three concentrates are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
Test cows were fed and milked three times a day. Except for different concentrated feeds, the composition, the dosage, the feeding and the management mode of the coarse feed are the same. The coarse fodder feeding scheme comprises silage corn 19kg and alfalfa hay 3 kg; the playground is provided with a free drinking trough, and the supply amount of concentrated feed is 10 Kg. After the cows are put into the groove, the silage corn and the alfalfa hay are first eaten, then the concentrated feed is scattered into the coarse feed according to the feeding amount, and the concentrated feed is simply mixed for the cows to eat. The condition of the cow eating, drinking water, excrement and the like is observed by a breeder every day.
3 data Collection
After the start of the test, the milk yield, the milk fat percentage, the milk protein percentage, and the non-fat solid content were measured at one time on days 1, 15, 30, 45, and 60, respectively.
And (3) daily milk yield determination: on the measurement day, the average daily milk yield of each group of cows is calculated by adding the three milking amounts of the three groups of test cows in the morning, at noon and at night.
Milk sample collection and determination: measuring the morning of the day, milking, uniformly mixing all groups of milk according to grouping conditions, sampling 200ml, and storing in a refrigerator at 4 ℃; afternoon milk samples were drawn in the same way and stored temporarily refrigerated. After the last sampling, mixing with the previous two samples, mixing well, adjusting the milk temperature to 25 deg.C, and measuring milk fat, milk protein, lactose, and non-fat solid with rapid analyzer of milk component from Youguan company of Zhejiang university. Each sample was measured three times in succession, the average was taken as the final result, and the analyzer was washed twice with the milk to be tested before each measurement.
During the test period, no abnormal condition of the test cow is found.
4 test results and analysis
The results of milk yield, milk fat rate, milk protein rate, non-fat solids content for each group are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2
The average milk production during the test period was higher for the first group than for the second group by 0.46kg, higher for the third group by 1.67kg, and higher for the second group than for the third group by 1.21 kg. The first and second groups rose significantly on day 15 after the start of the test and then were in a flat state; the third group is in a stable state during the whole period of milk yield.
The change in the milk fat percentage was significant, with the first and second groups rising significantly after day 15 after the start of the test, and being in a steady state after day 45, and rising by 0.75 and 0.42 percentage points, respectively, at the end of the test. There was no significant change before and after the third set of experiments.
Mean milk protein rates during the trial were 3.15% for the first group, 3.02% for the second group, and 2.97% for the third group. It can be seen that the first set rises more significantly and the second and third sets remain substantially unchanged.
At the end of the non-fat solids test, the first group was 0.51 percent higher, the second group was 0.18 percent higher, and the third group was 0.05 percent lower than the start. The average contents in the whole period of the test are 8.80%, 8.66% and 8.50% respectively. It can be seen that the first group is in an ascending state, while the third group shows a descending trend.
From the three groups of test results, the milk yield, the milk fat rate, the milk protein rate and the non-fat solid content of the first group are all obviously improved in the test period, and particularly, after 15 days from the start of the test, all indexes are greatly improved; the index change of the second group is similar to that of the first group, but the improvement range is lower than that of the first group; the third group showed substantially no change before and after each measurement.
According to the measurement indexes, the milk production performance and the milk quality can be improved after the milk cow is fed with No. 1 concentrated feed and adapted for a period of time.
Example 2
The formula of the concentrate supplement for dairy cows of the invention is as follows:
470kg of corn, 100kg of soybean meal, 130kg of cottonseed meal, 40kg of rapeseed meal, 70kg of sesame cake, 20kg of calcium carbonate, 10kg of calcium hydrophosphate, 3kg of salt, 5kg of sodium diacetate, 4kg of baking soda, 2kg of magnesium oxide, 6kg of slow-release non-protein nitrogen, 20kg of mineral premix, 10kg of multivitamin premix, 30kg of corn protein powder, 30kg of DDGS (distillers dried grains with soluble) 30kg and 50kg of wheat bran;
wherein the composition of the mineral premix and the composition of the vitamin complex premix are the same as in example 1.
The preparation method of the concentrate supplement for dairy cows of the invention is the same as that of the example 1.
Example 3
The formula of the concentrate supplement for dairy cows of the invention is as follows:
450kg of corn, 50kg of soybean meal, 60kg of cottonseed meal, 40kg of rapeseed meal, 89kg of sesame cake, 30kg of calcium carbonate, 20kg of calcium hydrophosphate, 5kg of salt, 10kg of sodium diacetate, 24kg of baking soda, 12kg of magnesium oxide, 10kg of slow-release non-protein nitrogen, 40kg of mineral premix, 20kg of multivitamin premix, 45kg of corn protein powder, 45kg of DDGS45kg and 50kg of wheat bran;
wherein the composition of the mineral premix and the composition of the vitamin complex premix are the same as in example 1.
The preparation method of the concentrate supplement for dairy cows of the invention is the same as that of the example 1.
Example 4
The formula of the concentrate supplement for dairy cows of the invention is as follows:
450kg of corn, 100kg of soybean meal, 84kg of cottonseed meal, 40kg of rapeseed meal, 130kg of sesame cake, 20kg of calcium carbonate, 10kg of calcium hydrophosphate, 3kg of salt, 5kg of sodium diacetate, 4kg of baking soda, 2kg of magnesium oxide, 2kg of slow-release non-protein nitrogen, 30kg of mineral premix, 10kg of multivitamin premix, 30kg of corn protein powder, 30kg of DDGS (distillers dried grains with soluble) 30kg and 50kg of wheat bran;
wherein the composition of the mineral premix and the composition of the vitamin complex premix are the same as in example 1.
The preparation method of the concentrate supplement for dairy cows of the invention is the same as that of the example 1.
Example 5
The formula of the concentrate supplement for dairy cows of the invention is as follows:
480kg of corn, 50kg of soybean meal, 72kg of cottonseed meal, 50kg of rapeseed meal, 90kg of sesame cake, 20kg of calcium carbonate, 15kg of calcium hydrophosphate, 3kg of salt, 6kg of sodium diacetate, 5kg of baking soda, 3kg of magnesium oxide, 6kg of slow-release non-protein nitrogen, 20kg of mineral premix, 10kg of multivitamin premix, 60kg of corn protein powder, 60kg of DDGS (distillers dried grains with soluble) 60kg and 50kg of wheat bran;
wherein the composition of the mineral premix and the composition of the vitamin complex premix are the same as in example 1.
The preparation method of the concentrate supplement for dairy cows of the invention is the same as that of the example 1.
Example 6
The formula of the concentrate supplement for dairy cows of the invention is as follows:
450kg of corn, 50kg of soybean meal, 90kg of cottonseed meal, 40kg of rapeseed meal, 110kg of sesame cake, 20kg of calcium carbonate, 10kg of calcium hydrophosphate, 3kg of salt, 5kg of sodium diacetate, 4kg of baking soda, 2kg of magnesium oxide, 2kg of slow-release non-protein nitrogen, 25kg of mineral premix, 15kg of multivitamin premix, 30kg of corn protein powder, 30kg of DDGS (distillers dried grains with soluble) 30kg and 114kg of wheat bran;
wherein the composition of the mineral premix and the composition of the vitamin complex premix are the same as in example 1.
The preparation method of the concentrate supplement for dairy cows of the invention is the same as that of the example 1.
Example 7
The formula of the concentrate supplement for dairy cows of the invention is as follows:
450kg of corn, 50kg of soybean meal, 60kg of cottonseed meal, 68kg of rapeseed meal, 70kg of sesame cake, 20kg of calcium carbonate, 10kg of calcium hydrophosphate, 6kg of salt, 7kg of sodium diacetate, 10kg of baking soda, 5kg of magnesium oxide, 4kg of slow-release non-protein nitrogen, 20kg of mineral premix, 10kg of multivitamin premix, 30kg of corn protein powder, 30kg of DDGS (distillers dried grains with soluble) 30kg and 150kg of wheat bran;
wherein the composition of the mineral premix and the composition of the vitamin complex premix are the same as in example 1.
The preparation method of the concentrate supplement for dairy cows of the invention is the same as that of the example 1.
Example 8
The formula of the concentrate supplement for dairy cows of the invention is as follows:
450kg of corn, 60kg of soybean meal, 70kg of cottonseed meal, 100kg of rapeseed meal, 70kg of sesame cake, 20kg of calcium carbonate, 10kg of calcium hydrophosphate, 7kg of salt, 9kg of sodium diacetate, 8kg of baking soda, 6kg of magnesium oxide, 8kg of slow-release non-protein nitrogen, 20kg of mineral premix, 12kg of multivitamin premix, 30kg of corn protein powder, 40kg of DDGS (distillers dried grains with soluble) and 80kg of wheat bran;
wherein the composition of the mineral premix and the composition of the vitamin complex premix are the same as in example 1.
The preparation method of the concentrate supplement for dairy cows of the invention is the same as that of the example 1.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (9)
1. The concentrate supplement for dairy cows is characterized in that: the concentrate supplement for the dairy cows comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 45 to 50 percent of corn, 5 to 15 percent of wheat bran, 5 to 10 percent of soybean meal, 6 to 13 percent of cottonseed meal, 4 to 10 percent of rapeseed meal, 7 to 13 percent of flax cake, 3 to 6 percent of corn protein powder, 3 to 6 percent of vinasse protein feed, 1 to 3 percent of calcium carbonate, 1 to 2 percent of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3 to 1.0 percent of salt, 0.5 to 1.0 percent of sodium diacetate, 0.4 to 2.4 percent of sodium bicarbonate, 0.2 to 1.2 percent of magnesium oxide, 0.2 to 1.0 percent of slow-release non-protein nitrogen, mineral matter2.0 to 4.0 percent of premix and 1.0 to 2.0 percent of composite vitamin premix; wherein the mineral premix comprises the following components: ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, sodium selenite, cobalt chloride, zeolite powder and medical stone; the compound vitamin premix consists of the following components: vA、VD3、VENiacin, yeast culture, and rice bran.
2. The dairy cattle concentrate supplement of claim 1, wherein: the mass percentage of the moisture in the corn is 13-14%, the mass percentage of the moisture in the wheat bran is 12-13%, 43 to 47 percent of the crude protein content of the soybean meal, 40 to 45 percent of the crude protein content of the cottonseed meal, the crude protein content of the rapeseed dregs is 36 to 39 percent, the crude protein content of the flax cakes is 34 to 38 percent, the crude protein content of the corn protein powder is 60 to 65 percent, the crude protein content of the vinasse protein feed is 26 to 30 percent, the calcium content of the calcium carbonate is 38 to 40 percent, the phosphorus content of the calcium hydrophosphate is 16 to 18 percent, the salt and baking soda are food grade, the yeast culture is suitable for ruminants, and the sodium diacetate, the magnesium oxide and the slow-release non-protein nitrogen are all feed grade.
3. The dairy cattle concentrate supplement of claim 1, wherein: the components in the mineral premix are feed grade.
4. The dairy cattle concentrate supplement of claim 1, wherein: the V isA、VD3、VEAnd the nicotinic acid and the rice bran are both feed grade, and the mass percentage of the water in the rice bran is 10-12%.
5. The dairy cattle concentrate supplement of claim 1, wherein: each 100kg of mineral premix contains: 15g of ferrous sulfate, 18g of copper sulfate, 17g of manganese sulfate, 115g of zinc sulfate, 150g of potassium chloride, 11g of potassium iodide, 8g of sodium selenite, 36g of cobalt chloride, 50kg of zeolite powder and 49.63kg of medical stone.
6. The dairy cattle concentrate supplement of claim 5, wherein: each 1kg of mineral premix contains the following components by mass: 25-75 mg of iron element, 30-60 mg of copper element, 35-70 mg of manganese element, 280-500 mg of zinc element, 500-1000 mg of potassium element, 70-100 mg of iodine element, 30-50 mg of selenium element and 50-100 mg of cobalt element.
7. The dairy cattle concentrate supplement of claim 1, wherein: every 100kg of the composite vitamin premix comprises the following components: vA15g、VD312g、VE3g, 30g of nicotinic acid, 2000g of yeast culture and 97.94kg of rice bran.
8. The dairy cattle concentrate supplement of claim 7, wherein: each 1kg of the vitamin complex premix contains the following components in unit quantity: vitamin A750KIU-1000KIU, vitamin D3210KIU-300KIU, vitamin E5450IU-8500IU, and 4000 hundred million-8000 hundred million of yeast living cell in yeast culture.
9. A process for the preparation of a dairy cow concentrate supplement as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: the preparation method comprises the following specific steps:
1) removing impurities and crushing: removing impurities from semen Maydis, semen glycines meal, semen gossypii kernel meal, semen Brassicae campestris meal, and semen Sesami cake, pulverizing, and sieving with a pulverizer with a sieve plate aperture of 2.5-3 mm;
2) mixing: the following materials are added according to the following proportion: corn, soybean meal, cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal, sesame cake, composite vitamin premix, mineral premix, slow-release non-protein nitrogen, corn protein powder, calcium carbonate, calcium hydrophosphate, salt, sodium diacetate, sodium bicarbonate, magnesium oxide, vinasse protein feed and wheat bran to obtain the concentrate supplement for the dairy cattle.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113068770A (en) * | 2021-03-22 | 2021-07-06 | 内蒙古英格苏生物科技有限公司 | Concentrate supplement for camel in lactation period and preparation method thereof |
| CN113615769A (en) * | 2021-03-24 | 2021-11-09 | 西南大学 | Feed capable of reducing somatic cells of dairy cows in summer |
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2017
- 2017-08-24 CN CN201710741618.7A patent/CN109418558A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113068770A (en) * | 2021-03-22 | 2021-07-06 | 内蒙古英格苏生物科技有限公司 | Concentrate supplement for camel in lactation period and preparation method thereof |
| CN113615769A (en) * | 2021-03-24 | 2021-11-09 | 西南大学 | Feed capable of reducing somatic cells of dairy cows in summer |
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Application publication date: 20190305 |