CN109418148A - 一种有机蔬菜的栽培方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种有机蔬菜的栽培方法,包括如下步骤:(1)铺设苗膜并准备基质;(2)选择种子;(3)揭草;(4)施肥;(5)杀虫喷药;(6)清理杂草。本发明利用秸秆作蔬菜基质的原料,通过秸秆与其他原料的腐熟来供给营养,而后,再利用稻草覆盖种子,为种子提供一个适宜的环境,利于种子出苗。本发明将秸秆和稻草用于有机蔬菜的种植方面,由于有机蔬菜的种植量大,所以秸秆和稻草能够被充分利用,如此,就极大的减少了秸秆、稻草的浪费量,而且也有利于环保。此外,秸秆富含氮、磷、钾、钙、镁和有机质等,将其作为基质原料也能为植物提供较多的营养,而稻草也能对种子起到很好的保暖作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种有机蔬菜的栽培方法。
背景技术
目前,大棚蔬菜种植主要以肥力水平较高的土壤为主,但土壤在连续种植的情况下容易引起病虫害传播以及土壤肥力下降、板结,因此寻求优质的栽培基质便成为当前工厂化蔬菜种植的重要研究内容。而与此同时,农作物收获后会产生大量的秸秆,水稻收获后会产生大量的稻草,目前这些秸秆和稻草一般都会被直接弃置,甚至会被焚烧,如此,不仅浪费资源,还容易污染环境。因此,如何有效防止大棚蔬菜连作容易导致土壤肥力下降、如何充分有效利用农作物秸秆和稻草已成为现代农业生产亟待解决的一个重要课题。
发明内容
为克服现有技术的不足之处,本发明提供一种有机蔬菜的栽培方法。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种有机蔬菜的栽培方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)铺设苗膜并准备基质:所述基质按重量份数计,组分组成如下:秸秆70~90份、动物粪便35~45份、EM生物菌3~5份、微生物发酵剂5~7份、固氮菌菌剂2~4份和水25~35份,将所述基质的组分拌湿堆积,用塑料膜覆盖,使其充分腐熟,发酵温度为65~75℃;
(2)选择种子:将种子冷藏、破壳、温汤浸种后播种,在种子顶部覆盖少许稻草;
(3)揭草:种子出苗后揭掉稻草,每隔1~2天浇水一次;
(4)施肥:待蔬菜苗成活后施加菌肥,每隔8-10天施肥一次,每次施加5遍,所述菌肥为液态菌肥;另外,还对蔬菜苗追加钾肥,每隔10-15天施肥一次,每次施加2遍;
(5)杀虫喷药:使用费洛蒙性引诱剂和黑光灯捕杀蛾类害虫,并对蔬菜苗喷洒复合药液,所述复合药液按重量份数计,组分组成如下:洋葱5~7份、大蒜5~7份、辣椒3~5份、川楝子10~15份、苦参14~16份、雷公藤5~8份、百部5~8份、桑叶13~15份、胡椒4~6份、羧甲基纤维素水溶液20~25份;
(6)清理杂草。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明利用秸秆作蔬菜基质的原料,通过秸秆与其他原料的腐熟来供给营养,而后,再利用稻草覆盖种子,为种子提供一个适宜的环境,利于种子出苗。本发明将秸秆和稻草用于有机蔬菜的种植方面,由于有机蔬菜的种植量大,所以秸秆和稻草能够被充分利用,如此,就极大的减少了秸秆、稻草的浪费量,而且也有利于环保。此外,秸秆富含氮、磷、钾、钙、镁和有机质等,将其作为基质原料也能为植物提供较多的营养,而稻草也能对种子起到很好的保暖作用。本发明的除虫步骤中,还配制了复合药液,利用复合药液喷洒蔬菜苗,除虫效果好,并能对虫害起到防治作用。
具体实施方式
下面将结合具体实施例来详细说明本发明,在此本发明的示意性实施例以及说明用来解释本发明,但并不作为对本发明的限定。
实施例1
一种有机蔬菜的栽培方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)铺设苗膜并准备基质:所述基质按重量份数计,组分组成如下:秸秆70份、动物粪便35份、EM生物菌3份、微生物发酵剂5份、固氮菌菌剂2份和水25份,将所述基质的组分拌湿堆积,用塑料膜覆盖,使其充分腐熟,发酵温度为65℃;
(2)选择种子:将种子冷藏、破壳、温汤浸种后播种,在种子顶部覆盖少许稻草;
(3)揭草:种子出苗后揭掉稻草,每隔1天浇水一次;
(4)施肥:待蔬菜苗成活后施加菌肥,每隔8天施肥一次,每次施加5遍,所述菌肥为液态菌肥;另外,还对蔬菜苗追加钾肥,每隔10天施肥一次,每次施加2遍;
(5)杀虫喷药:使用费洛蒙性引诱剂和黑光灯捕杀蛾类害虫,并对蔬菜苗喷洒复合药液,所述复合药液按重量份数计,组分组成如下:洋葱5份、大蒜5份、辣椒3份、川楝子10份、苦参14份、雷公藤5份、百部5份、桑叶13份、胡椒4份、羧甲基纤维素水溶液20份;
(6)清理杂草。
实施例2
一种有机蔬菜的栽培方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)铺设苗膜并准备基质:所述基质按重量份数计,组分组成如下:秸秆90份、动物粪便45份、EM生物菌5份、微生物发酵剂7份、固氮菌菌剂4份和水35份,将所述基质的组分拌湿堆积,用塑料膜覆盖,使其充分腐熟,发酵温度为75℃;
(2)选择种子:将种子冷藏、破壳、温汤浸种后播种,在种子顶部覆盖少许稻草;
(3)揭草:种子出苗后揭掉稻草,每隔2天浇水一次;
(4)施肥:待蔬菜苗成活后施加菌肥,每隔10天施肥一次,每次施加5遍,所述菌肥为液态菌肥;另外,还对蔬菜苗追加钾肥,每隔15天施肥一次,每次施加2遍;
(5)杀虫喷药:使用费洛蒙性引诱剂和黑光灯捕杀蛾类害虫,并对蔬菜苗喷洒复合药液,所述复合药液按重量份数计,组分组成如下:洋葱7份、大蒜7份、辣椒5份、川楝子15份、苦参16份、雷公藤8份、百部8份、桑叶15份、胡椒6份、羧甲基纤维素水溶液25份;
(6)清理杂草。
实施例3
一种有机蔬菜的栽培方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)铺设苗膜并准备基质:所述基质按重量份数计,组分组成如下:秸秆80份、动物粪便40份、EM生物菌4份、微生物发酵剂6份、固氮菌菌剂3份和水30份,将所述基质的组分拌湿堆积,用塑料膜覆盖,使其充分腐熟,发酵温度为70℃;
(2)选择种子:将种子冷藏、破壳、温汤浸种后播种,在种子顶部覆盖少许稻草;
(3)揭草:种子出苗后揭掉稻草,每隔1.5天浇水一次;
(4)施肥:待蔬菜苗成活后施加菌肥,每隔9天施肥一次,每次施加5遍,所述菌肥为液态菌肥;另外,还对蔬菜苗追加钾肥,每隔13天施肥一次,每次施加2遍;
(5)杀虫喷药:使用费洛蒙性引诱剂和黑光灯捕杀蛾类害虫,并对蔬菜苗喷洒复合药液,所述复合药液按重量份数计,组分组成如下:洋葱6份、大蒜6份、辣椒4份、川楝子13份、苦参15份、雷公藤7份、百部6份、桑叶14份、胡椒5份、羧甲基纤维素水溶液23份;
(6)清理杂草。
Claims (1)
1.一种有机蔬菜的栽培方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)铺设苗膜并准备基质:所述基质按重量份数计,组分组成如下:秸秆70~90份、动物粪便35~45份、EM生物菌3~5份、微生物发酵剂5~7份、固氮菌菌剂2~4份和水25~35份,将所述基质的组分拌湿堆积,用塑料膜覆盖,使其充分腐熟,发酵温度为65~75℃;
(2)选择种子:将种子冷藏、破壳、温汤浸种后播种,在种子顶部覆盖少许稻草;
(3)揭草:种子出苗后揭掉稻草,每隔1~2天浇水一次;
(4)施肥:待蔬菜苗成活后施加菌肥,每隔8-10天施肥一次,每次施加5遍,所述菌肥为液态菌肥;另外,还对蔬菜苗追加钾肥,每隔10-15天施肥一次,每次施加2遍;
(5)杀虫喷药:使用费洛蒙性引诱剂和黑光灯捕杀蛾类害虫,并对蔬菜苗喷洒复合药液,所述复合药液按重量份数计,组分组成如下:洋葱5~7份、大蒜5~7份、辣椒3~5份、川楝子10~15份、苦参14~16份、雷公藤5~8份、百部5~8份、桑叶13~15份、胡椒4~6份、羧甲基纤维素水溶液20~25份;
(6)清理杂草。
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