CN109414989A - 差速器 - Google Patents

差速器 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109414989A
CN109414989A CN201780030574.5A CN201780030574A CN109414989A CN 109414989 A CN109414989 A CN 109414989A CN 201780030574 A CN201780030574 A CN 201780030574A CN 109414989 A CN109414989 A CN 109414989A
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gear
torque
electric motor
planetary gear
gear set
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R.J.B.弗拉克斯曼
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Qinetiq Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/043Transmission unit disposed in on near the vehicle wheel, or between the differential gear unit and the wheel
    • B60K17/046Transmission unit disposed in on near the vehicle wheel, or between the differential gear unit and the wheel with planetary gearing having orbital motion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/12Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of electric gearing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/16Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of differential gearing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K23/00Arrangement or mounting of control devices for vehicle transmissions, or parts thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • B60K23/04Arrangement or mounting of control devices for vehicle transmissions, or parts thereof, not otherwise provided for for differential gearing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H48/00Differential gearings
    • F16H48/36Differential gearings characterised by intentionally generating speed difference between outputs
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/16Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of differential gearing
    • B60K17/165Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of differential gearing provided between independent half axles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K23/00Arrangement or mounting of control devices for vehicle transmissions, or parts thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • B60K23/04Arrangement or mounting of control devices for vehicle transmissions, or parts thereof, not otherwise provided for for differential gearing
    • B60K2023/043Control means for varying left-right torque distribution, e.g. torque vectoring
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/42Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
    • B60L2240/423Torque
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60YINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2400/00Special features of vehicle units
    • B60Y2400/70Gearings
    • B60Y2400/73Planetary gearings
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60YINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2400/00Special features of vehicle units
    • B60Y2400/80Differentials
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60YINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2400/00Special features of vehicle units
    • B60Y2400/80Differentials
    • B60Y2400/804Torque vectoring arrangements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H48/00Differential gearings
    • F16H48/06Differential gearings with gears having orbital motion
    • F16H48/10Differential gearings with gears having orbital motion with orbital spur gears
    • F16H2048/104Differential gearings with gears having orbital motion with orbital spur gears characterised by two ring gears
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H48/00Differential gearings
    • F16H48/06Differential gearings with gears having orbital motion
    • F16H48/10Differential gearings with gears having orbital motion with orbital spur gears
    • F16H2048/106Differential gearings with gears having orbital motion with orbital spur gears characterised by two sun gears
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H48/00Differential gearings
    • F16H48/36Differential gearings characterised by intentionally generating speed difference between outputs
    • F16H2048/364Differential gearings characterised by intentionally generating speed difference between outputs using electric or hydraulic motors
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H3/00Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/72Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H48/00Differential gearings
    • F16H48/06Differential gearings with gears having orbital motion
    • F16H48/10Differential gearings with gears having orbital motion with orbital spur gears
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62Hybrid vehicles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Retarders (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

一种差速器(10)包括:左侧行星齿轮组(12L),所述左侧行星齿轮组(12L)具有被配置成从驱动源(20)接收转动驱动输入的太阳齿轮(16L)、与电动马达(26)扭矩连接的环形齿轮(22L),以及被配置成在扭矩连接中与左侧车辆驱动构件(30L)操作联接的支架齿轮(14L);右侧行星齿轮组(12R),所述右侧行星齿轮组(12R)具有被配置成从驱动源(20)接收转动驱动输入的太阳齿轮(16R)、与电动马达(26)扭矩连接的环形齿轮(22R),以及被配置成在扭矩连接中与右侧车辆驱动构件(30R)操作联接的支架齿轮(14R);其中左侧行星齿轮组和右侧行星齿轮组(12L,12R)的太阳齿轮(16L,16R)相对于彼此转动固定,并且在使用中,在驱动源(20)与相应驱动构件(30L,30R)中的每一个之间转移的功率量可以通过操作电动马达(26)以在相反方向上将扭矩驱动或应用到环形齿轮(22L,22R)来选择性地控制。

Description

差速器
政府许可权利
本发明是利用政府支持在美国陆军授予的合同号W56HZV-11-C-C001之下做出的。政府享有本发明中的某些权利。
技术领域
本说明书涉及用于车辆的差速器,特别地涉及轮式或履带式车辆,所述差速器可以被操作以提供牵引力控制或导致滑转转向。
背景技术
差速齿轮用于允许将扭矩和功率从单个输入源转移至以不同速度转动的两个输出。在图1中示出典型的现有技术差速器布局。
发动机和传动输出1a(具有小发电机1b)向差速齿轮2提供单个输入。驱动后轮的两个车轮半轴3、4是差速器2的输出。发动机和传动输出1通过一对锥齿轮5、5'与差速器2操作连接。整个差速器组件以大锥齿轮5'的速度转动。
当以直线驾驶时,左侧和右侧上的输出扭矩和速度是相同的。在转弯期间,外侧轮将比内侧轮更快地转弯。锥齿轮6a至6d在差速器2内部的设置允许左侧和右侧以不同的速度转动而同时仍旧保持每一侧上的输出扭矩相同。差速器2允许每一侧上的相同扭矩输出,但允许每一侧以不同的速度转弯。因此,对外侧轮的功率将高于内侧轮。这是典型的差速器如何工作的方式。
每一侧上的车轮扭矩必须相同以便在转弯期间维持左侧与右侧之间的恒定速度差。如果一个车轮失去牵引力并且另一侧并未失去牵引力,则失去牵引力的该侧将不能够维持扭矩,并且因而它将加速至高速度,从而将过多的功率移转到旋转的车轮。
限滑差速器用于防止过量的功率被分配给一个车轮,以便将两个车轮保持在有动力的转动中。限滑差速器限制两个车轮之间的速度差,使得如果一个车轮开始过量旋转,则将更多的扭矩转移至具有更高牵引力的该侧。
本发明涉及提供改进的差速器。
发明内容
根据本发明的一方面,提供了一种差速器,包括:
左侧行星齿轮组,所述左侧行星齿轮组具有被配置成从驱动源接收转动驱动输入的太阳齿轮、与电动马达扭矩连接的环形齿轮,以及被配置成在扭矩连接中与左侧车辆驱动构件操作联接的支架(carrier)齿轮;
右侧行星齿轮组,所述右侧行星齿轮组具有被配置成从驱动源接收转动驱动输入的太阳齿轮、与电动马达扭矩连接的环形齿轮,以及被配置成在扭矩连接中与右侧车辆驱动构件操作联接的支架齿轮;
其中左侧行星齿轮组和右侧行星齿轮组的太阳齿轮相对于彼此转动固定;
并且其中相应环形齿轮与电动马达的扭矩连接仅准许环形齿轮相对于彼此在相等且相反的意义上的转动,所述转动可以是自由的,或者由电动马达选择性地供电。
差速器和马达的本设置允许功率从内侧轮向外侧轮的转移,这是滑转转向的结果。应当指出的是,跨差速器转移的功率可以大于来自发动机的功率输入。
这样的差速器因而可以被操作为限滑差速器,并且有利地,还可以被操作以导致滑转转向。这提供了更加成本有效的解决方案,其中常规的驱动系(发动机和传动装置)可以直接用于向车辆提供推进力,其中使用电动马达(控制对相应的左驱动构件和右驱动构件的扭矩输出)来提供牵引力控制和转向。
驱动源将通常包括发动机,诸如发动机和传动装置,其中发电机附接到发动机(例如比正常情况更大)以便向电动马达提供必需的功率。太阳齿轮可以相对于彼此通过它们之间的公共轴固定地转动联接,所述公共轴可以由驱动源的驱动轴经由诸如锥齿轮装置之类的齿轮装置来驱动。
相应的(背靠背)环形齿轮可以各自与电动马达经由(在它们之间正交定位的)公共锥齿轮扭矩连接,所述锥齿轮的转动导致布置在它们之间的相应环形齿轮的相等且相反的转动。锥齿轮可以经由齿轮减速台操作联接到电动马达。操作联接可以包括第三行星(周转)齿轮组。
可替换地,相应环形齿轮可以各自与电动马达经由设置在它们之间的一系列正齿轮扭矩连接,这同样导致相应环形齿轮的相等且相反的转动。
可以提供控制系统以选择性地控制在驱动源与相应驱动构件中的每一个之间转移的功率量。
控制系统可以被配置成允许以下操作模式中的一些或通常全部中的操作:
i)一种模式,例如当直线驾驶时,其中电动马达被去除供能,并且环形齿轮不转动(例如,并且公共锥齿轮不转动);
ii)一种模式,例如当转弯时,其中电动马达被去除供能,并且环形齿轮以相等且相反的方式通过公共锥齿轮(自由地)转动,从而充当正常差速器;
iii)一种模式,例如当在直线驾驶期间失去牵引力时,其中电动马达被供能以提供保持扭矩(锁定锥齿轮)以便防止环形齿轮的任何相对转动;以及
iv)一种模式,例如当在失去牵引力时转弯时,其中电动马达被供能,并且环形齿轮以相等且相反的方式通过公共锥齿轮转动,电动马达选择性地顺时针或逆时针驱动锥齿轮以根据需要递送扭矩以平衡对车轮的功率流
v)一种模式,例如,当滑转转向是必需的而同时转弯和向前或向后移动时,其中电动马达被选择性地供能以便以相等且相反的方式通过公共锥齿轮顺时针或逆时针地应用扭矩和速度,以给予两个输出半轴之间的充足扭矩差,以允许内侧轮经由内侧半轴并且利用来自发动机的推进功率将再生(regenerative)制动功率转移到差速器中,并且来自电动马达的功率将经由外侧半轴驱动外侧轮以使得能够实现滑转转向转弯;
vi)一种模式,例如,当向前或向后驾驶时,在边坡上,其中电动马达可以被选择性地供能以便经由公共锥齿轮以相等且相反的方式应用保持扭矩,以便向车辆的向下侧上的车轮提供更多扭矩并且向车辆的向上侧上的车轮提供更少扭矩,以允许它以直线驾驶;
viii)一种模式,例如,当关于车辆中性轴滑转转向时,诸如枢转转弯,其中电动马达被选择性地供能以便以相等且相反的方式通过公共锥齿轮顺时针或逆时针地应用扭矩和速度,以给予左半轴和右半轴处的扭矩和速度差,以允许车轮以相等且相反的方式以顺时针或逆时针的方式转弯。
根据本发明另外的方面,提供了一种差速器,包括:
左侧行星齿轮组,所述左侧行星齿轮组具有被配置成从驱动源接收转动驱动输入的太阳齿轮、与电动马达扭矩连接的环形齿轮,以及被配置成在扭矩连接中与左侧车辆驱动构件操作联接的支架齿轮;
右侧行星齿轮组,所述右侧行星齿轮组具有被配置成从驱动源接收转动驱动输入的太阳齿轮、与电动马达扭矩连接的环形齿轮,以及被配置成在扭矩连接中与右侧车辆驱动构件操作联接的支架齿轮;
其中左侧行星齿轮组和右侧行星齿轮组的太阳齿轮相对于彼此转动固定,并且在使用中,在驱动源与相应驱动构件中的每一个之间转移的功率量可以通过操作电动马达以在相反方向上将扭矩驱动或应用到环形齿轮来选择性地控制。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供了一种车辆,包括如以上所描述的差速器。
附图说明
现在将通过非限制性示例的方式参照附图来描述本发明的实施例,其中:
图1是现有技术差速器的示意图;
图2是根据本发明的实施例的差速器的示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明的各方面和实施例涉及限滑差速器的类型,所述限滑差速器包括电动马达以控制对左侧和右侧中的每一个的扭矩输出。
在图2中图示了电动马达辅助的差速器系统,图2代表后轮驱动车辆,其具有前部(页面底部)处的发动机和两个后轮30L、30R之间的后部处的差速器10。可以通过前部两个车轮(未示出)实现有限阿克曼转向。
差速器10具有背靠背设置的两个行星齿轮组12L、12R。差速器10的左输出和右输出是具有公共太阳16L、16R作为驱动输入的左支架和右支架14L、14R。而且,两个行星齿轮组12L、12R的太阳齿轮16L、16R通过横轴18连接,横轴18通过锥齿轮装置23操作联接到驱动源20(即车辆动力系统中的上游特征,诸如内燃机、电动马达/发电机和传动装置等)。左环形齿轮和右环形齿轮22L、22R与附加的锥齿轮24啮合,该附加的锥齿轮24操作连接到差速器10的电动马达26。图2示出锥齿轮24经由附加的齿轮减速台28(另一行星齿轮组)操作连接到(牵引力辅助)电动马达26,但是这不是必要的。
在其中电动马达26被去除供能的直线驾驶期间,左支架和右支架14L、14R输出相同的速度和扭矩。照此,施加在相应环形齿轮22L、22R上的扭矩类似,假设由此施加在锥齿轮24上的相应扭矩相等且相反,使得它和环形齿轮22L、22R自身二者不转弯。
然而,在向右转弯期间,其中电动马达被去除供能,附接到外侧轮的左支架14L将比附接到内侧轮的右支架14R更快地转弯。在锥齿轮装置23驱动横轴18的情况下,该单元将表现为正常的差速器。扭矩将被同等地应用到太阳齿轮16L、16R,并且由环形齿轮22L、22R施加在锥齿轮24上的扭矩将相等且相反,并且锥齿轮24将以所得速度自由转动。在电动马达26被去除供能的情况下,其转子将关于锥齿轮24转弯,并且差速器10的左侧和右侧上的扭矩将平衡,使得其表现为典型的差速器。
如果在直线驾驶期间车轮之一失去牵引力,则在典型的差速器中,失去牵引力的该侧将开始过量旋转。本实施例可以通过为电动马达26供能以提供保持扭矩以平衡失去牵引力的该侧上的扭矩来解决这一点。因此,在这样的情形中,所有驱动扭矩可以被递送至具有牵引力的该侧,以维持所有可能的牵引力。通过控制来自电动马达26的输出扭矩,从发动机和传动装置20到横轴18(以及太阳齿轮16L、16R)的扭矩输出可以被引导至输出支架14L或输出支架14R或这二者。
如果在顺时针转弯期间车轮之一失去牵引力,其中电动马达26被供能,附接到外侧轮的支架14L将比附接到内侧轮的支架14R更快地转弯。当为马达26供能时,可以使得环形齿轮22L、22R以相等速度在相反方向上转弯。电动马达26将关于锥齿轮24转弯,并且因而可以根据需要递送扭矩以将功率流引导至车轮。逆时针转弯将在相反的意义上操作。
如果期望的话,差速器10还可以用于滑转转向。
滑转转向的轮式或履带式车辆可以通过迫使车辆一侧上的车轮或履带以与车辆另一侧上的车轮/履带不同的速度行进来转向。例如,为了使履带式车辆转向,在车辆的相对侧上的履带之间,大驱动力差是必需的,即内部履带上的大制动扭矩和外部履带上的高驱动扭矩。在当前发明中,差速齿轮和横轴用于控制履带的相对速度,并且从内部履带向外部履带转移制动功率以维持转弯。转向功率可以是用于直线驾驶的功率的3至4倍高。
电动马达26的控制将允许大再生扭矩和功率(即制动扭矩和功率)通过差速器从内侧轮(或链轮齿)机械转移到外侧轮(或链轮齿)。因此,为了转弯所必需的大滑转转向功率可以从紧凑的(转向)马达26和联接到小得多的发动机和传动推进力系统20的差速器获取。
差速器10可以用于控制相对的车轮的相对速度,并且从内侧轮向外侧轮转移制动功率以维持转弯。
在边坡上以直线穿行的车辆将要求向下侧上的车轮上的更多扭矩和向上侧上的车轮中的更少扭矩。可以控制牵引力辅助马达以给予相等且相反的保持扭矩,该保持扭矩允许更多的扭矩被添加到对向下侧车轮的发动机驱动扭矩,并且允许从对向上侧车轮的发动机驱动扭矩减去扭矩,而同时保持车辆在直线中。
而且,在车辆停止的情况下(即轴18静止),牵引力辅助马达可以在车轮(或链轮齿)处给予相等且相反的扭矩和速度,从而使得车辆关于其中性轴枢转(即滑转转向)。通过在一个方向上转动电动马达来实现车辆的顺时针转动,并且通过在相反方向上转动电动马达来实现车辆的逆时针转动。
与所描述的类似的装置可以用于滑转转向的履带式车辆,其中图2中所图示的车轮被用于驱动相对的履带的链轮齿取代。
驱动电动马达26的功率可以来自附接到发动机20的较大发电机。
将领会到,虽然至此为止已经描述了本发明的各种方面和实施例,但是本发明的范围不限于本文所阐述的实施例,而是扩展到涵盖落在随附权利要求的精神和范围内的所有设置以及对此的修改和更改。特别地,虽然在此为了说明而示出锥齿轮,但是正齿轮差速器也可以用于导致环形齿轮的相等且相反的转动。

Claims (7)

1.一种差速器,包括:
左侧行星齿轮组,所述左侧行星齿轮组具有被配置成从驱动源接收转动驱动输入的太阳齿轮、与电动马达扭矩连接的环形齿轮,以及被配置成在扭矩连接中与左侧车辆驱动构件操作联接的支架齿轮;
右侧行星齿轮组,所述右侧行星齿轮组具有被配置成从驱动源接收转动驱动输入的太阳齿轮、与电动马达扭矩连接的环形齿轮,以及被配置成在扭矩连接中与右侧车辆驱动构件操作联接的支架齿轮;
其中左侧行星齿轮组和右侧行星齿轮组的太阳齿轮相对于彼此转动固定;
并且其中相应环形齿轮与电动马达的扭矩连接仅准许环形齿轮相对于彼此在相等且相反的意义上的转动,所述转动可以是自由的,或者由电动马达选择性地供电。
2.根据权利要求1所述的差速器,其中相应环形齿轮经由公共锥齿轮与电动马达扭矩连接,所述公共锥齿轮的转动导致相应环形齿轮的相等且相反的转动。
3.一种车辆,包括根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的差速器。
4.权利要求3所述的车辆,其中车辆驱动构件是车轮。
5.权利要求3所述的车辆,其中车辆驾驶构件是用于驱动车辆的相对侧上的履带的链轮齿。
6.一种差速器,包括:
左侧行星齿轮组,所述左侧行星齿轮组具有被配置成从驱动源接收转动驱动输入的太阳齿轮、与电动马达扭矩连接的环形齿轮,以及被配置成在扭矩连接中与左侧车辆驱动构件操作联接的支架齿轮;
右侧行星齿轮组,所述右侧行星齿轮组具有被配置成从驱动源接收转动驱动输入的太阳齿轮、与电动马达扭矩连接的环形齿轮,以及被配置成在扭矩连接中与右侧车辆驱动构件操作联接的支架齿轮;
其中左侧行星齿轮组和右侧行星齿轮组的太阳齿轮相对于彼此转动固定,并且在使用中,在驱动源与相应驱动构件中的每一个之间转移的功率量可以通过操作电动马达以在相反方向上将扭矩驱动或应用到环形齿轮来选择性地控制。
7.一种大体如上文参照图2所描述的差速器。
CN201780030574.5A 2016-05-18 2017-03-16 差速器 Pending CN109414989A (zh)

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