CN109414042A - 来源于木材生物质的抗微生物木质素组合物 - Google Patents
来源于木材生物质的抗微生物木质素组合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明描述来源于木材生物质的用作食品添加剂的抗微生物木质素组合物。所述添加剂包含浓缩木质素、碳水化合物和水。本发明还描述一种制备抑制微生物的食品基质的方法和一种对食品进行处理来抑制微生物生长的方法。
Description
技术领域
本公开涉及抑制微生物生长的食品添加剂,而且尤其涉及来源于木材生物质的添加剂。本公开还涉及一种制备抑制微生物的食品基质的方法以及一种对食品进行处理来抑制微生物生长的方法。
发明背景
木质纤维素生物质指的是包含以下三种主要生物聚合物的植物生物质:纤维素、半纤维素和木质素。木质纤维素生物质提供唯一的碳可再生能源,而且目前是可再生能源的重要来源。每年生产出超过2200亿吨的生物质,但很多仍未被充分利用。愈来愈多地关注依赖于有限的而且不可再生的化石石油和煤炭资源来生产燃料和化工产品以及关注化石燃料燃烧对环境的影响,已经导致对寻求可再生资源用于燃料和化工产品的关注日益增加。
生物炼制的概念,类似于石油化工炼制,设想使用丰富的可再生资源,诸如木质纤维素生物质作为可能的原料来转化成目前来源于石油的各种产品,包括燃料和化工产品。
纤维素和半纤维素是在植物木质纤维素生物质中发现的多糖的两种实例。这些多糖也称为复合碳水化合物。相比而言,第三种主要的生物聚合物是木质纤维素生物质。木质素是通过三种不同类型的类苯基丙烷单体(松柏醇、芥子醇和香豆醇)偶合形成的天然产生的复合高分子量芳香族高分子,并且是具有芳环结构的唯一一种天然产生的聚合物。木质素以及纤维素和半纤维素发现于植物生物质的细胞壁中。它与半纤维素共价键结并用以提供硬度以及结构支撑。木质素是地球上最丰富的聚合物之一,而且可以占到木质纤维素生物质中物质的三分之一。
迄今为止,生物炼制主要集中在研发‘糖平台’(来自多糖的产品)来使来源于纤维素和半纤维素组分的单糖糖流货币化,而木质素组分被认为是具有低商业价值的副产物。然而,为了最大限度地有效利用生物质资源以及改善整体工艺经济情况,对于大量可用的木质素识别并发展出高价值应用变得愈加重要。
生物炼制制造方法中用来分离木质纤维素生物质的个别组分的方法倾向于产生一般来说比由造纸工艺获得的木质素更少地改变其天然结构的木质素。已特别地研发出其它方法来从木质纤维素生物质中分离出高纯度并且最小程度上改变其天然结构的木质素,并且目标在于为其开发出高价值的产品。
已研发出在美国专利第9,580,454 B2号中所述的木材的机械制造方法,并且所述专利以引用的方式并入本文中。这种制造方法便于纤维素和半纤维素组分的分离,留下富含木质素的残余物,从中可以进一步提取出具有与在原始木材中发现的天然木质素最为接近的化学结构的高纯度浓缩木质素。
木质素高分子的多芳环结构将其分类为多酚类化合物类别。已知酚类和多酚类化合物两者均具有抗氧化活性,能够清除自由基和活性氧。天然产生的多酚发现于各种水果、蔬菜和谷物中。据推荐,饮食应包括来自这些食品的充分供应以确保健康和幸福。在一种典型的饮食中,多酚构成对所消耗抗氧化剂的主要贡献。来自植物生物质的木质素和木质素水解产物已显示具备强的抗氧化和抗癌活性(Sharma等人2010,Lee等人2012)。除了在饮食中的抗氧化活性以外,木质素在各种工业应用中也展现出抗氧化活性。
生物炼制中来源于木材的木质素产品可提供作为天然食品防腐剂的潜能,且因此代替来源于合成化学的食品防腐剂用于控制微生物生长并可常常有助于身体健康
发明概要
根据本文所述的一个实施方案,提供一种用于抑制食品中微生物生长的抗微生物组合物,所述组合物包含:浓缩木质素、碳水化合物以及水。
根据本文所述组合物的另一个实施方案,所述组合物包含占所述组合物45%至65%w/w的浓缩木质素、占所述组合物30%至35%w/w的碳水化合物,其中小于10%w/w的所述组合物包含水溶性组分。
根据本文所述组合物的另一个实施方案,所述组合物包含占所述组合物50%至60%w/w的浓缩木质素。
根据本文所述组合物的另一个实施方案,所述组合物还包含3%w/w的蛋白质。
根据本文所述组合物的另一个实施方案,其中所述组合物的浓度为在水性介质中4000ppm至32,000ppm(0.4%至3.2%w/w)。
根据本文所述组合物的另一个实施方案,其中所述组合物的浓度为在食品基质中4000ppm至64,000ppm(0.4%至6.4%w/w)。
根据本文所述组合物的另一个实施方案,其中所述浓度为32,000ppm至64,000ppm(3.2%至6.4%w/w)。
根据本文所述组合物的另一个实施方案,其中所述碳水化合物是选自由以下组成的组:单体糖、低聚糖、多糖及其组合。
根据本文所述的另一个实施方案,提供一种制备抑制微生物生长的食品基质的方法,所述方法包括:提供本文所述的抗微生物组合物、对所述抗微生物组合物进行巴氏杀菌;提供食品基质;将所述经过巴氏杀菌的抗微生物组合物与所述食品基质混合。
根据本文所述方法的另一个实施方案,其中所述食品基质为水性肉汤或固体食品基质。
根据本文所述方法的另一个实施方案,其中所述抗微生物组合物以4000ppm至32,000ppm(0.4%-3.2%w/w)的浓度定量到水性肉汤中。
根据本文所述方法的另一个实施方案,其中所述抗微生物组合物以4000ppm至64,000ppm(0.4%-6.4%w/w)的浓度定量到固体食品基质中。
根据本文所述方法的另一个实施方案,其中固体食品基质中的浓度为32,000ppm至64,000ppm(3.2%-6.4%w/w)。
根据本文所述方法的另一个实施方案,其中固体食品基质中的浓度为32,000ppm(3.2%w/w)。
根据对食品进行处理来抑制微生物生长的方法的另一个实施方案,所述方法包括向所述食品中加入微生物抑制量的组合物,所述组合物包含浓缩木质素、碳水化合物以及水。
根据本文所述方法的另一个实施方案,其中所述组合物包含占所述组合物45%至65%w/w的浓缩木质素、占所述组合物30%至35%w/w的碳水化合物以及占所述组合物小于10%w/w的水溶性组分。
根据本文所述方法的另一个实施方案,其中所述组合物包含占所述组合物50%至60%w/w的浓缩木质素。
根据本文所述方法的另一个实施方案,其中所述组合物还包含3%w/w的蛋白质。
根据本文所述方法的另一个实施方案,其中所述微生物抑制量为在水性介质中4000ppm至32,000ppm(0.4%至3.2%w/w)的浓度。
根据本文所述方法的另一个实施方案,其中所述微生物抑制量为在食品基质中4000ppm至64,000ppm(0.4%至6.4%w/w)的浓度。
根据本文所述方法的另一个实施方案,其中所述浓度为32,000ppm至64,000ppm(3.2%至6.4%w/w)。
根据本文所述方法的另一个实施方案,其中所述碳水化合物是选自由以下组成的组:单体糖、低聚糖、多糖及其组合。
附图说明
图1是美国专利第9,580,454 B2号中所述的生物炼制的通用方法框图(现有技术);
图2是根据本文提出的一个实施方案的水解木质素(4000ppm和32,000ppm)在液体培养基(胰酶大豆肉汤)中的悬浮液中的李斯特菌(listeria monocytogene)生长相对于培育时间(小时)的曲线图,也说明了具有市售抗微生物食品添加剂的李斯特菌的生长情况;以及
图3是根据本文提出的另一个实施方案的浓度为32000ppm和64000ppm的水解木质素对李斯特菌在固体食品基质(以猪肉为主的绞肉)中的生长抑制情况的条形图。
定义
木质素是通过三种不同类型的类苯基丙烷单体(松柏醇、芥子醇和香豆醇)偶合形成的天然产生的复合高分子量芳香族高分子,并且是一种具有芳环结构的天然产生的聚合物。
水解木质素定义为一种由美国专利第9,580,454 B2号的方法产生的来自木质素部分的经过酶促处理的木质素。水解木质素包含至少三种组分:浓缩木质素、碳水化合物以及水。
浓缩木质素应理解为含有水解木质素成分的木质素并且在水解木质素中占到约50%的木质素w/w,而且具有与在浓缩木质素所来源的生物质中发现的天然木质素实质上类似的特性。浓缩木质素仍是高分子量非水溶性高分子,其分子结构与天然木质素的分子结构相比基本上保持不变。
食品的抗微生物组合物应理解为抑制食品中的微生物活性,其中食品应理解为包含液体、固体以及半固体物质。抑制微生物生长应理解为减少或阻止微生物,尤其是细菌的生长。
食品基质应理解为包括诸如蛋白质、纤维、调味品以及防腐剂等成分的制备型食品物质。
李斯特菌是致病革兰氏阳性细菌的一种毒性物种,其导致李氏杆菌病,这是由于食源性的细菌性病原体导致死亡的主要原因。李斯特菌在存在或不存在氧时均可存活,并且可在低至0℃的温度下生长。与导致食物中毒的其它细菌不同,李斯特菌(L.monocytogene)不但可以在冷冻温度储存的食品上存活并生长,而且可以通过适当的烹煮或巴氏杀菌来杀死。李斯特菌是厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)的一个分支而且涉及在人体内通常具有病原性的六种革兰氏阳性属。这六属为:链球菌属、葡萄球菌属、棒状杆菌属和李氏菌属、葡萄球菌属、棒状杆菌属和李斯特菌(一种球杆菌)、芽孢杆菌属以及梭菌属。
具体实施方式
图1说明公布的美国专利no.9,580,454 B2的通用现有技术方法1,所述专利的内容以全文引用的方式并入本文。方法1由基于木材的木质纤维素生产出增值产品。方法1由木材生物质制备10开始,其中在一个优选的实施方案中制备木材生物质12。木材生物质10是木屑。制备的木材生物质12通过炼制机机械分化15经历轻度的化学处理和粉碎。经过化学/机械处理的生物质17经历酶促水解20。使用纤维素分解酶将包括碳水化合物成分的经过化学/机械处理生物质17转化为包括糖溶液流26的酶促水解生物质22,所述糖溶液流26主要包含来自纤维素和半纤维素酶促水解的单体糖葡萄糖和木糖。此糖流26可进行进一步处理来使糖流26干燥和/或结晶30。
经过酶促水解的生物质22经历液固分离(分化)过程25,包括:洗涤,改善糖回收(至流26中);以及固体部分分离/分化步骤,产生具有浓缩木质素作为组分的所谓水解木质素27。美国专利no.9,580,454 B2方法中的温和条件产生化学结构和组成与基于木材的木质纤维素中的天然状态木质素相比基本上未改变而且不含杂质(即,硫)的木质素27。水解木质素27的特征概述于表1中。
表1 水解木质素27的组成
来自分化过程25的水解木质素27产生由以水解木质素的重量计约45至65%w/w的浓缩木质素,而及优选地50%至60%的浓缩木质素组成的组合物。水解木质素的浓缩木质素组分应理解为经过酶促处理的木质素,而且实质上具有天然木质素的特性,即为接近天然的木质素。水解木质素27的碳水化合物部分以水解木质素27的重量计占到25%-45%,优选为30%至40%,而且包含一部分的水溶性单体糖和低聚糖(小于10重量%)和不溶性部分。碳水化合物部分的不溶性部分包含来源于纤维素和半纤维素的多糖和低聚糖,具有<10至>1000的聚合度(DP)范围。在水解木质素27中,碳水化合物组分和木质素可化学连接在一起或不化学连接在一起。
惊讶地发现,水解木质素27的水性悬浮液展现出体外针对细菌李斯特菌的抗微生物活性。尽管现有技术中已描述天然木质素的抗菌特性,但本发明中的发现由于来自分化过程25的水解木质素27以总物块的重量计仅具有约50%至60%的木质素含量而令人惊讶。美国专利no.9,580,454 B2的方法还使得能够生产出高纯度的不含碳水化合物的木质素37,其化学组成和结构也与接近天然的木质素类似。可以在温和的反应条件下使用水性溶剂或有机溶剂通过溶剂提取35来从水解木质素中提取木质素37(图1)。
有趣的是,与水解木质素27相反,高纯度提取的木质素37并未展示出针对李斯特菌的抗菌活性40。类似地,使用美国专利no.8,771,464 B2的专利方法,从造纸工艺的黑液中分离的硫酸盐木质素在类似条件下经过试验,并未展现出针对李斯特菌的抗菌活性,所述专利的内容以全文引用的方式并入本文中。尽管不排除其它可能的解释,而且不希望受理论约束,但似乎木质素与碳水化合物的组合在各种食品介质中都提供抗微生物作用。
有趣的是,水解木质素在水性细菌介质中完全溶解并非对水解木质素27展现抗菌活性的要求。水解木质素27在生理学pH的水中仅具有低溶解性,仅一小部分(小于10%w/w)的碳水化合物组分,即单体糖溶解。相反,现有技术中教示,大多数展现抗微生物特性的来源于植物的提取物需要在溶剂介质中完全溶解来体现此活性。
在本公开的另一方面,水解木质素27在高度有益于微生物生长的固体食品基质中的激发试验中展现出针对李斯特菌的抗菌活性。有利于食品中微生物生长的因素包括高的水活性(aw>0.92)、非酸性pH环境(pH>4.4)以及可用的营养素来源。在基于w/w计以0.4%与6.4%之间且优选地3.2%与6.4%之间的浓度分散于食品基质中时,水解木质素抑制细菌生长,延长保存期,即认为食品仍安全可食的储存时间。
在下文以下实施例中展现本文所述组合物的应用。
实施例1
水解木质素27在净化去离子水中的悬浮液制备成5%w/w的固体含量。通过加热到75℃持续10分钟对悬浮液进行巴氏杀菌,且然后冷冻储存直到用来将细菌生长降至最低程度。在胰酶大豆肉汤(TSB)培养基中制备原料水解木质素悬浮液的稀释液以产生含有4000ppm(0.4%w/w)和32,000ppm(3.2%w/w)水解木质素的悬浮液。将25mL等分试样的每种悬浮液用含有等份的三种李斯特菌菌株(ATCC 7644、ATCC 19114和ATCC 19115)的混合物接种至1×106CFU/mL的目标浓度。将经过接种的样品在37℃下伴随持续搅拌(196-200rpm)培育48小时。在t=0小时、24小时和48小时时对细菌群进行计数。去除小的等分试样并在选择性培养基(牛津琼脂)上培养24小时,然后进行计数。结果呈现在图2中,其中将其与以25,000ppm(2.5%w/w)的浓度使用的市售抗微生物产品Saf-T-LacTM进行比较。市售产品与4000ppm(0.4%w/w)的水解木质素(尽管浓度小6倍以上)具有相当的抗微生物性能。有趣的是,32,000ppm(3.2%w/w)浓度的水解木质素不仅充当抗微生物剂,而且充当杀死李斯特菌的杀菌剂。本发明的来源于水解木质素木材的产品提供了作为天然食品防腐剂的可能性,并且代替来源于合成化学的食品防腐剂来控制微生物生长。
实施例2
水解木质素27在净化去离子水中的悬浮液制备成约10%的固体含量。通过加热到75℃持续10分钟对悬浮液进行巴氏杀菌,且然后冷冻储存直到用来将细菌生长降至最低程度。使用表2中所示组成的猪肉绞肉作为固体食品基质,其高水活性和非酸性的pH有利于细菌生长。
表2 绞肉中的成分(表示为%w/w)
所有试验都一式两份进行。将水解木质素以基于绞肉的重量/重量计3.2%或6.4%的浓度直接并入绞肉中作为其成分。对照样品在其成分中不含水解木质素。烹煮后,用大约5×103CFU/mL剂量的李斯特菌对制备的绞肉样品进行接种,混合,且然后在4℃下进行培育。在第2天、第7天、第14天、第21天、第28天和第34天,去除样品(大小为50g),用蛋白胨水稀释并匀化。进一步稀释后,将样品涂在Palcam琼脂上,且然后在37℃下培育48小时,然后进行细菌计数。结果在图3中说明。
如图3中可见,对照绞肉(不含水解木质素)中显示李斯特菌透明且稳定生长。包括3.2%w/w水解木质素的绞肉显示李斯特菌的细菌生长在前三周实际上未增加。最后,含有6.4%w/w水解木质素的绞肉显示李斯特菌的细菌生长实际上一个月以上未增加。
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Claims (22)
1.一种用于抑制食品中微生物生长的抗微生物组合物,所述组合物包含:
浓缩木质素;
碳水化合物;以及
水。
2.如权利要求1所述的组合物,所述组合物包含占所述组合物45%至65%w/w的浓缩木质素,占所述组合物30%至35%w/w的碳水化合物,其中小于10%w/w的所述组合物包含水溶性组分。
3.如权利要求2所述的组合物,所述组合物包含占所述组合物50%至60%w/w的所述浓缩木质素。
4.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的组合物,所述组合物还包含3%w/w的蛋白质。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述组合物的浓度为在水性介质中4000ppm至32,000ppm(0.4%至3.2%w/w)。
6.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述组合物的浓度为在食品基质中4000ppm至64,000ppm(0.4%至6.4%w/w)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的组合物,其中所述浓度为32,000ppm至64,000ppm(3.2%至6.4%w/w)。
8.如权利要求1至7中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述碳水化合物是选自由以下组成的组:单体糖、低聚糖、多糖及其组合。
9.一种制备抑制微生物生长的食品基质的方法,所述方法包括:
提供如权利要求1至8中任一项所述的抗微生物组合物,
对所述抗微生物组合物进行巴氏杀菌;
提供食品基质;
将所述经过巴氏杀菌的抗微生物组合物与所述食品基质混合。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法,其中所述食品基质为水性肉汤或固体食品基质。
11.如权利要求9所述的方法,其中所述抗微生物组合物以4000ppm至32,000ppm(0.4%-3.2%w/w)的浓度定量到所述水性肉汤中。
12.如权利要求9所述的方法,其中所述抗微生物组合物以4000ppm至64,000ppm(0.4%-6.4%w/w)的浓度定量到所述固体食品基质中。
13.如权利要求12所述的方法,其中所述固体食品基质中的浓度为32,000ppm至64,000ppm(3.2%-6.4%w/w)。
14.如权利要求12或13所述的方法,其中所述固体食品基质中的浓度为32,000ppm(3.2%w/w)。
15.一种对食品进行处理来抑制微生物生长的方法,所述方法包括
向所述食品中加入微生物抑制量的组合物,所述组合物包含浓缩木质素、碳水化合物以及水。
16.如权利要求15所述的方法,其中所述组合物包含占所述组合物45%至65%w/w的浓缩木质素、占所述组合物30%至35%w/w的碳水化合物以及占所述组合物小于10%w/w的水溶性组分。
17.如权利要求16所述的方法,其中所述组合物包含占所述组合物50%至60%w/w的浓缩木质素。
18.如权利要求15至17中任一项所述的方法,其中所述组合物还包含3%w/w的蛋白质。
19.根据权利要求15至18中任一项所述的方法,其中所述微生物抑制量为在水性介质中的浓度为4000ppm至32,000ppm(0.4%至3.2%w/w)。
20.根据权利要求15至18中任一项所述的方法,其中所述微生物抑制量为在食品基质中的浓度为4000ppm至64,000ppm(0.4%至6.4%w/w)。
21.根据权利要求20所述的方法,其中所述浓度为32,000ppm至64,000ppm(3.2%至6.4%w/w)。
22.如权利要求15至21中任一项所述的方法,其中所述碳水化合物是选自由以下组成的组:单体糖、低聚糖、多糖及其组合。
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US201662346729P | 2016-06-07 | 2016-06-07 | |
US62/346,729 | 2016-06-07 | ||
PCT/CA2017/050685 WO2017210780A1 (en) | 2016-06-07 | 2017-06-06 | Antimicrobial lignin composition derived from wood biomass |
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US (1) | US20190124958A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP3462908A4 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN109414042A (zh) |
BR (1) | BR112018074582A2 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA3024526A1 (zh) |
CL (1) | CL2018003486A1 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2017210780A1 (zh) |
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CA3085199A1 (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2019-06-27 | Green Innovation Gmbh | Use of a lignin fraction as a human and animal food supplement ingredient |
EA202090511A1 (ru) | 2020-03-13 | 2021-09-30 | ДИКОВСКИЙ, Александр Владимирович | Композиция для нормализации уровня липидов в крови |
Citations (5)
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US20040151825A1 (en) * | 2003-01-30 | 2004-08-05 | Kraft Foods Holdings, Inc. | Process for preparing intermediate moisture vegetables |
US20100075878A1 (en) * | 2008-09-19 | 2010-03-25 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Modified Lignin Biopolymer Useful in Cleaning Compositions |
CA2891055A1 (en) * | 2009-11-13 | 2011-05-19 | Fpinnovations | Biomass fractionation process for bioproducts |
US20110297340A1 (en) * | 2010-06-03 | 2011-12-08 | Fpinnovations | Method for separating lignin from black liquor |
CN104673779A (zh) * | 2009-02-17 | 2015-06-03 | 德诺芙公司 | 降解木质纤维质生物质的组合物和方法 |
-
2017
- 2017-06-06 WO PCT/CA2017/050685 patent/WO2017210780A1/en unknown
- 2017-06-06 EP EP17809493.4A patent/EP3462908A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2017-06-06 CA CA3024526A patent/CA3024526A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2017-06-06 US US16/305,941 patent/US20190124958A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2017-06-06 BR BR112018074582A patent/BR112018074582A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2017-06-06 CN CN201780034231.6A patent/CN109414042A/zh active Pending
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2018
- 2018-12-05 CL CL2018003486A patent/CL2018003486A1/es unknown
Patent Citations (5)
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---|---|---|---|---|
US20040151825A1 (en) * | 2003-01-30 | 2004-08-05 | Kraft Foods Holdings, Inc. | Process for preparing intermediate moisture vegetables |
US20100075878A1 (en) * | 2008-09-19 | 2010-03-25 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Modified Lignin Biopolymer Useful in Cleaning Compositions |
CN104673779A (zh) * | 2009-02-17 | 2015-06-03 | 德诺芙公司 | 降解木质纤维质生物质的组合物和方法 |
CA2891055A1 (en) * | 2009-11-13 | 2011-05-19 | Fpinnovations | Biomass fractionation process for bioproducts |
US20110297340A1 (en) * | 2010-06-03 | 2011-12-08 | Fpinnovations | Method for separating lignin from black liquor |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
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J. ZEMEK等: "Antibiotic Properties of Lignin Components", 《FOHA MICROBIOL.》 * |
J. ZEMEK等: "Antimicrobial Properties of Aromatic Compounds of Plant Origin", 《FOLIA MIEROBIOL.》 * |
MANIMARAN AYYACHAMY等: "Lignin: untapped biopolymers in biomass conversion technologies", 《BIOMASS CONV. BIOREF.》 * |
XIN DONG等: "Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of lignin from residue of corn stover to ethanol production", 《INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS》 * |
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EP3462908A1 (en) | 2019-04-10 |
CA3024526A1 (en) | 2017-12-14 |
WO2017210780A1 (en) | 2017-12-14 |
CL2018003486A1 (es) | 2019-02-01 |
US20190124958A1 (en) | 2019-05-02 |
BR112018074582A2 (pt) | 2019-03-12 |
EP3462908A4 (en) | 2019-10-30 |
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