CN109412212B - Two-stage-change cascade high-voltage electric field induction power supply circuit - Google Patents
Two-stage-change cascade high-voltage electric field induction power supply circuit Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
The invention discloses a two-stage-change cascade high-voltage electric field induction power supply circuit, and belongs to the technical field of power system online monitoring equipment. The two-stage cascading electric field induction power supply circuit applies a two-stage discharge circuit to a single-stage electric field induction energy acquisition circuit, N +1 energy acquisition capacitors are used for being charged in series at the same time, after the energy acquisition capacitors reach threshold values respectively, energy is transferred to the secondary side energy storage capacitor of the transformer by using independent discharge loops, the effect of series charging and parallel discharging is achieved, a subsequent DC-DC charging circuit is used for generating small current to charge the super capacitor, the overall topology of the circuit is guaranteed, the series charging and parallel discharging circuits are improved, the DC-DC charging circuit is used for controlling the charging current, the charging loss of the super capacitor is reduced, and the power supply efficiency is improved. By the optimized design of the existing electric field induction energy-taking power supply circuit, the electric field induction energy-taking power supply circuit can be applied to high-power online monitoring equipment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of on-line monitoring equipment of an electric power system, and particularly relates to a two-stage-change cascade high-voltage electric field induction power supply circuit.
Background
The power supply mode of the existing on-line monitoring equipment of the high-voltage equipment is divided into two types: and autonomously acquiring energy and transmitting power supply. The transmission power supply mode mainly transmits energy from the ground to the online measuring device through media such as optical fibers or microwaves, but the energy supply mode has the main defect of high cost. The main technical scheme of the autonomous power supply comprises the following steps: (1) battery power supply: the energy supply is stable in this way, but the defects are that the batteries need to be replaced by regular power failure, and the power system does not allow frequent power failure; (2) supplying power by a current coil: the scheme mainly utilizes a current coil arranged on a power line to obtain energy from load current through a mutual inductance principle. However, the load current in the power line is constantly changing, so that the power supply mode is unstable; (3) solar energy and wind energy power supply: the basic principle is that the solar energy is supplied by a solar panel or a small fan, and the technology is usually matched with a storage battery to be used together so as to solve the problem of insufficient energy supply at night or in the absence of wind. However, this power supply method is greatly influenced by environmental factors, and safety and power supply stability are affected when extreme weather such as strong wind, rain, dust, and the like is encountered. In addition, batteries have a limited life and cannot withstand low ambient temperatures.
Because the parameters such as temperature, stress and the like are measured on line without continuous measurement, an intermittent working mode can be adopted, and an intermittent power supply mode can also be adopted. Considering that the voltage of the power line is very stable, energy can be extracted by inducing a high-voltage electric field. But the energy obtained directly by the electric field induction is very low, the charging time is long, and the energy taking efficiency is low. Therefore, the voltage is quickly increased to a high voltage by using the small film capacitor, but the power supply voltage of the online measurement equipment is far less than the voltage on the small film capacitor, so that a pulse transformer is needed for reducing the voltage and then transmitting the energy to the large secondary capacitor, and finally the voltage on the large capacitor is stabilized to realize the use of the online measurement equipment. However, since the average number of pins is not high, a new technique for improving the efficiency is required to overcome the defect of low average efficiency of energy supply in the non-voltage conversion type induction power supply in the patent No. ZL201510012804.8, "a cascade type electric field induction power supply circuit".
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to improve the average efficiency of energy taking in electric field induction power supply, so that the electric field induction energy taking power supply can fully dump energy, and the electric field induction energy taking power supply can be applied to power equipment with higher power.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the cascade high-voltage electric field induction power supply circuit with two-stage change of the invention comprises a super capacitor C, DC-DC charging circuit and an N +1 stage induction energy-taking circuit which is cascaded in sequence, wherein the output end of the N +1 stage induction energy-taking circuit is connected with the input end of the DC-DC charging circuit, and the output end of the DC-DC charging circuit is connected with a super capacitor C;
the N + 1-level induction energy taking circuit charges the energy taking capacitor by utilizing displacement current generated by a high-voltage electric field between the induction plate and the ground, and transfers energy to the electrolytic capacitor through pulse discharge; the N + 1-level energy taking circuit comprises a rectifier bridge circuit, an N-level transformer discharging circuit and a 1-level inductance discharging circuit, wherein the direct current output side of the rectifier bridge circuit is connected with the N-level transformer discharging circuit and the input end of the 1-level inductance discharging circuit;
the inductor discharge circuit comprises an energy-taking capacitor C0An inductor L0Electrolytic capacitor Cm-0And a main switch S0Forming a discharge circuit, a freewheeling diode DP0Is connected across the inductor L0And an electrolytic capacitor Cm-0Two ends form a follow current loop; the 1 st-Nth stage transformer discharging circuits are completely the same; comprises an energy-taking capacitor CnTransformer TnPrimary side and main switch SnForming a discharge circuit, transformer T nA fly-wheel diode D is bridged at the original edgeP0Transformer TnThe secondary side is connected with an electrolytic capacitor Cm-nTwo ends of the secondary winding form a follow current loop, wherein N is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N;
the DC-DC charging circuit is used for converting energy obtained by the electrolytic capacitor into constant charging current to charge the super capacitor; supercapacitors are used to store energy.
Further, the DC-DC charging circuit is composed of a switch SD1And a switch SD2And a switch SD3And a switch SD4And an inductance LDThe formed H bridge is switched between a Buck state and a Boost state under the control of a control circuit of the DC-DC charging circuit.
Further, the control circuit of the DC-DC circuit monitors the current flowing through the inductor LDTo control the switch SD1Switch SD2Switch SD3And switch SDAnd the super capacitors work in turn to realize the control of the charging current of the super capacitors.
Furthermore, reverse blocking diodes are connected between electrolytic capacitors of all stages in the N + 1-stage induction energy-taking circuit and the DC-DC charging circuit.
Furthermore, the discharge control circuit of the N-stage transformer discharge circuit is the same as that of the 1-stage inductance discharge circuit, and the discharge control circuit is connected with the energy-taking capacitor CnBoth ends, CnBoth ends are also connected with a divider resistor Rn-1And Rn-2The output end of the control circuit is connected with the main switch SnA gate electrode of (1).
Furthermore, all the energy-taking capacitors are thin film capacitors with withstand voltage of 1100V.
Furthermore, active devices used by the circuit are all selected from micro power consumption devices.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial technical effects that the electric field induction power supply circuit of the two-stage method adopts a two-stage discharge mode, and on the basis of realizing 'series charging and parallel discharging', through the optimized design of a series discharge stage circuit, the lowest stage does not use a transformer, only uses an inductor, and has the advantage of higher conversion efficiency; the use of separate transformers for each stage has the advantage of simplified transformer design without concern for coupling issues. The conversion efficiency of the lowest stage is improved, and the problem of uneven voltage of energy taking capacitors of each loop caused by coupling of the original circuit is solved by independently controlling the induction energy taking circuits at all stages. The induction energy taking device obtains displacement current generated in the high-voltage power plant environment through a metal induction polar plate, the displacement current charges N capacitors connected in series, after the displacement current reaches a certain set voltage, the displacement current is firstly discharged to respective electrolytic capacitors under the action of a first-stage control circuit, and energy on the electrolytic capacitors is transferred to the super capacitor through a second-stage DC-DC charging circuit. The induction energy taking circuit simultaneously charges N +1 energy taking capacitors connected in series sequentially by using constant displacement current generated by a high-voltage electric field between a metal induction polar plate and the ground, wherein the lowest stage of the N + 1-stage discharge circuit adopts a pure inductor design, and each N-stage uses a completely independent transformer; and because the lowest level pure inductance circuit has higher efficiency, the overall energy taking efficiency of the circuit is improved by using the design of the level N + 1.
The advantages of the invention are as follows:
1. on the basis of the high-voltage electric field energy taking technology of the existing discharge method, the cascade design of a completely isolated energy taking loop is adopted, devices at all levels are unrelated, a multi-level energy taking circuit is modularized, and because each level uses a single transformer, the allowance of the transformer is not needed to be considered when series levels are added, the circuit design is greatly simplified; meanwhile, all stages of charging circuits are improved, the lowest stage of transformer is cancelled, only an inductor is used, the N-stage cascade is changed into an N + 1-stage cascade, transformers used by the rest of all stages of charging circuits are changed into respective independent transformers from multi-winding transformers with common iron cores, and an N + 1-stage circuit topology is provided, so that the energy taking efficiency of the circuits is obviously improved, more energy can be obtained in the same time, and the electric field induction energy taking can meet the requirement of high-power application, such as an optical imaging system.
2. The design of a second-stage DC-DC charging circuit is added, the H-bridge principle is utilized, 4 switches are controlled to be mutually conducted, the transverse current charging control of the super capacitor is realized, a large current loop is isolated by an electrolytic capacitor, the charging current is reduced, the loss caused by large current in the pulse discharging process is reduced, the efficiency of the electric field induction energy taking technology is greatly improved, and the power supply requirement of high-power online monitoring equipment is met.
3. By using the electrolytic capacitor with larger capacity to separate the energy taking capacitor from the rear-end super capacitor, the front end of the two-stage discharging circuit uses the pulse discharging method to take energy, and the rear end of the two-stage discharging circuit uses the DC-DC charging circuit to control the charging current of the super capacitor, so that the energy taking power is improved, the large loss caused by the large current generated by single pulse discharging when the super capacitor is charged is avoided, and the circuit efficiency is greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an electric field induction power supply circuit of a two-stage method cascade discharge method;
FIG. 2 is a graph of an inductive first-level discharge waveform;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a primary discharge waveform of a transformer;
FIG. 4 is a waveform diagram illustrating the overall operation of the circuit;
FIG. 5a is a waveform diagram of the single operation of the DC-DC circuit;
FIG. 5b is a detailed diagram of the DC-DC operating waveform of the circuit;
fig. 6 is a circuit diagram of discharge control of stages 0 to n;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a power management and monitoring circuit for the DC-DC circuit control circuit;
fig. 8 is a logic control power schematic of the DC-DC circuit control circuit.
In the drawings: in fig. 1, the rectifier diode: dc1、Dc2、Dc3、Dc4(ii) a Energy-taking capacitor: c0、C1……Cn(ii) a Each level of voltage dividing resistor: fractional-0 voltage resistance: r0-1And R0-2(ii) a Fractional voltage resistance of 1: r1-1And R1-2(ii) a … … nth voltage dividing resistance: r n-1And Rn-2(ii) a Each stage of discharge control circuit: the 0 th-stage discharge control circuit, the 1 st-stage discharge control circuit, … … and the nth-stage discharge control circuit; a freewheeling diode: dp0、Dp1……Dpn(ii) a Discharge circuit main switch: s. the0、S1……Sn(ii) a Electrolytic capacitance: cm-0、Cm-1……Cm-n(ii) a A diode: ds0、Ds1……Dsn(ii) a DC-DC circuit switch: sD1、SD2、SD3And SD4；
In fig. 6: c0Is an energy-taking capacitor, namely an energy-taking capacitor C in a main circuit diagram in figure 10Uc0 is its voltage across; r1, R2 and R3 form a voltage dividing resistor of the voltage follower; dz is a zener diode; q1, Q2 and Q3 are N-channel MOS tubes; r4 is a current limiting resistor; cp is 47 mu F electrolytic capacitor; the LDO is a linear voltage regulator; r5, R6 and R7 are divider resistors; v0+ has a mark in the main circuit, and is directly connected with the mark; q4 is a P-channel MOS tube; the OUT0 has a tag in the main circuit, and is directly connected to the tag.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The induction energy-taking device consists of a metal induction polar plate and the circuit, wherein the metal induction polar plate generates an alternating current circuit to be input into the circuit.
The invention relates to a cascade high-voltage induction electric field energy obtaining technology based on a two-stage transformation cascade discharge method principle. The main ideas include the following two points.
Firstly, through the first order "the cluster fills and puts" pulse discharge circuit of optimal design, improve first order conversion efficiency, in prior art, the pulse transformer transfer energy is used to every grade series charging circuit, and efficiency is lower. Because the lowest stage charging loop and a subsequent system are grounded together and do not need to be isolated by a transformer, the lowest stage charging loop is designed to be in inductive discharge to form an N-stage transformer discharge circuit, and an N + 1-stage series charging and energy-taking circuit, referred to as an N + 1-stage energy-taking circuit for short, which is in inductive discharge improves the conversion efficiency of the energy-taking circuit.
Secondly, because the internal resistance of the super capacitor is large, the energy lost on the super capacitor during charging is in a square time relation of charging current on the super capacitor, and the charging current is extremely large during single-stage discharging (the 600V discharging and charging current can reach 80A), so that the great loss is generated, and the conversion efficiency is influenced. The method comprises the steps of controlling the charging current of the super capacitor through a DC-DC charging circuit, charging the energy of the electrolytic capacitor to the super capacitor in a constant current mode, reducing the charging loss of the super capacitor and improving the charging efficiency.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
referring to fig. 1, the present invention is directed to providing energy to an on-line measuring device by means of electric field induction. A two-stage variable cascade high-voltage electric field induction power supply circuit comprises a super capacitor, a DC-DC charging circuit and an induction energy-taking circuit which is cascaded in sequence; the induction energy taking circuit comprises N +1 energy taking capacitors and N +1 electrolytic capacitors which are connected in series, and can give the N +1 strings by utilizing the displacement current generated by the high-voltage electric field between the metal induction polar plate and the ground Energy-taking capacitor C of coupler0～CnCharging at the same time; n pulse transformers T1-Tn and the lowest stage inductor L0Can get N +1 capacitors C0～CnThe energy obtained is transferred in parallel to a transitional electrolytic capacitor Cm-0、Cm-1……Cm-nIn the above way, the problem that the withstand voltage of the discharge circuit component is limited when the charging voltage of the energy taking capacitor is hopefully improved by electric field induction energy taking is solved; and the energy cross current on the transitional electrolytic capacitor is controlled through a DC-DC charging circuit based on an H bridge to charge the super capacitor, so that the problem of charging loss caused by overlarge internal resistance of the super capacitor is solved.
The N +1 level induction energy-taking circuit mainly has the main functions of charging a capacitor by utilizing displacement current generated by a high-voltage electric field between the induction plate and the ground and transferring energy to an electrolytic capacitor through pulse discharge; the DC-DC charging circuit is mainly used for converting energy obtained by the electrolytic capacitor into constant charging current to charge the super capacitor; the super capacitor is used for storing energy, and the application circuit uses the energy.
The specific circuit is as follows:
an external alternating current is input into a full-wave rectifier bridge, the rectifier bridge outputs a direct current I, the direct current output side is connected with the input end of an N + 1-level energy-taking circuit, the output end of the N + 1-level energy-taking circuit is connected with the input end of a DC-DC charging circuit through a reverse blocking diode, the output end of the DC-DC charging circuit is connected with a super capacitor C, and an application circuit (namely an online monitoring device) is connected with the super capacitor C in parallel.
The N + 1-stage energy-taking circuit comprises an N-stage transformer discharging circuit, a 1-stage inductor discharging circuit and an energy-taking capacitor C0、C1……CnThe energy-taking capacitors are sequentially connected in series, and each energy-taking capacitor has a discharge loop; the 0 th stage is an inductive discharge circuit without transformer and with an energy-taking capacitor C0An inductor L0Electrolytic capacitor Cm-0And a main switch S0Forming a discharge circuit, a freewheeling diode DP0Is connected across the inductor L0And a capacitor Cm-0Two ends form a follow current loop; the 1 st to Nth transformer discharging circuits are the same (hereinafter, denoted by N), and energy-taking capacitorsCnTransformer TnPrimary side and main switch SnForming a discharge circuit with a freewheeling diode connected across the transformer TnPrimary side, electrolytic capacitor Cm-nIs connected to a transformer TnThe secondary side forms a follow current loop; the 0 th to nth discharge control circuits are identical (hereinafter, denoted by n), and the control circuits are directly connected with the energy taking capacitor CnAt both ends, from CnObtaining energy to work, dividing a voltage resistance Rn-1And Rn-2Is connected to a capacitor CnTwo ends generate a fixed voltage division ratio to access a control circuit, and the output end of the control circuit is connected with a main switch SnGrid of (2), main switch SnSource electrode of (2) is connected with an inductor LnDrain electrode connected to energy-taking capacitor CnA negative terminal. Wherein N is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N.
Referring to fig. 6, the 0 th stage discharge control circuit to the nth stage discharge control circuit are the same, and here, the 0 th stage is taken as an example for description, and the resistor R 1、R2And R3The formed resistor voltage divider is bridged on the energy-taking capacitor C0Two ends, resistance R1The lower end is connected with an MOS tube Q in a partial pressure way1The positive electrode of the grid and the energy taking capacitor passes through a current limiting resistor R4Connected to MOS transistor Q1Source, MOS transistor Q1An electrolytic capacitor C with the capacity of 47 muF is connected between the drain electrode and the groundpMOS transistor Q1Form a voltage follower, a zener diode DzConnected to MOS transistor Q1Grid electrode, electrolytic capacitor CpThe voltage is too high. Electrolytic capacitor CpThe anode is connected with the input end of the LDO, the cathode is grounded, the LDO outputs 3.3V voltage, and the 3.3V voltage passes through the divider resistor R5A voltage dividing resistor R6And a voltage dividing resistor R7The voltage is divided and then connected to the inverse comparison end of a comparator, the comparator is powered by 3.3V, and the comparison output is connected with an MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) tube Q2And MOS transistor Q3Of the gate, MOS transistor Q2Source connected divider resistor R7Upper end, drain electrode grounded, MOS transistor Q3Source-connected MOS transistor Q4Grid, MOS transistor Q4The drain electrode is connected with an electrolytic capacitor CpPositive electrode, source electrode passing through resistor R9And then grounded.
The working principle of the discharge control circuit is as follows:
energy-taking capacitor C0In the process of voltage rising, the MOS transistor Q1Formed voltage follower slave energy-taking capacitor C0To obtain energy to the electrolytic capacitor CpCharging because of the zener diode DzLimitation of, electrolytic capacitor CpThe voltage is not too high (about 15V), and the LDO slave electrolytic capacitor C pThe energy is obtained, 3.3V voltage is output and supplies power for a comparator, and the in-phase input end of the comparator is connected with the divided voltage V of a main circuit0+The inverting comparison terminal is connected with a voltage reference obtained after 3.3V voltage division, when the voltage of the energy-taking capacitor is lower, the comparator outputs low level, when the voltage of the energy-taking capacitor reaches 600V, the comparator outputs high level, and the MOS transistor Q is connected with the output end of the comparator3Simultaneously turn on to make MOS transistor Q4Grounded grid and MOS transistor Q4Conducting, electrolytic capacitor CpDirect voltage coupling to OUT0Terminal, control main switch S0Open and get the capacitor C0Discharging; MOS tube Q2Is turned on to make the voltage dividing resistor R7When the voltage of the inverting input end of the comparator is short-circuited, the voltage of the inverting input end of the comparator is reduced, and the output of the comparator is high before the voltage of the energy-taking capacitor is lower than 20V, so that hysteresis comparison is formed, and the energy-taking capacitor C is enabled0After the energy is released, the comparator outputs low level, and the circuit works circularly.
Electrolytic capacitor C of each stagem-0、Cm-1……Cm-nRespectively through reverse blocking diodes Ds0、Ds1……DsnThe DC-DC charging circuit is connected in parallel and consists of 4 switches SD1、SD2、SD3、SD4And an inductance LDA typical H bridge is formed, a control circuit monitors the current on the H bridge, when the current exceeds 3A, the H bridge is switched to a Buck mode, when the current is lower than 0.4A, the H bridge is switched to a Boost mode, the output of a DC-DC circuit is connected with a super capacitor, and an online energy taking device obtains energy from the two ends of the super capacitor to work.
The DC-DC circuit control circuit is divided into two parts, namely a power management and monitoring circuit and a logic control circuit, the schematic diagram of the power management and monitoring circuit is shown in figure 7, and the working process of the circuit is as follows:
in the circuit, at electrolytic capacitors C connected in parallelm-xThen, a TPS7A1601DGNR low-voltage drop regulator chip is firstly connected, the chip has ultralow quiescent current Iq of 5 mu A, and the loss is very low. Meanwhile, the chip has a wide input voltage range of 3-60V, the voltage on the energy storage capacitor does not exceed 28V due to the fact that the voltage periodically works to be changed within the range, and the using requirement is met. The values of the elements are designed to make the OUT end of the chip output 5V voltage. And then the voltage of the 3.3V is output through a voltage stabilizer chip TPS70933 DBVR. The voltages of 5V and 3.3V are used for supplying power to VCC terminals of other chips and in the resistor voltage divider. Simultaneously, TPS7A1601DGNR chip EN end can be through resistance partial pressure stop the work of chip when input voltage is less than the setting value, and the input stops work when being less than 5V in this circuit, no longer for other chips power supplies, whole circuit stop work can play the effect of undervoltage power failure protection, prevents that the voltage from crossing the damage circuit excessively.
In the H-bridge control circuit, two LTC4440-5 chips are high-side drive MOS chips, and one TPS2812 chip is a low-side drive MOS chip. Switch S D1And a switch SD2And a switch SD3And switch SD4The four parts receive signals from the logic control part, and control the switch S via the low-side and high-side drive MOS chipsD1And a switch SD2And a switch SD3And switch SD4And the MOS tubes of the four parts control the current to be stably input into the super capacitor through an H-bridge circuit.
The MAX4172 high-side measurement shunt monitor chip and the AD8602 operational amplifier chip are used for monitoring the current flowing through the main circuit. The MAX4172 chip may convert a differential input voltage to a current output, which then uses an external load to convert the resistance back to voltage. The gain is set to 10 by adjusting the resistance, the total gain is set to 100 by an AD8602 operational amplifier having a gain of 10, and the output I _ SENSOR signal is input to the logic control circuit part.
The logic control power principle diagram is shown in fig. 8: the logic control circuit part is a series of combinational logic circuits, and the function of the logic control circuit part is to firstly receive an I _ SENSOR signal from the main circuit part, judge whether the I _ SENSOR signal is higher or lower in an allowable interval, and then feed back regulating and controlling switch signals AC _ CON and BD _ CON to an H-bridge circuit of the main circuit to realize the control of current flowing through the main circuit. The resistor divider formed by the resistors R1, R2 and R3 divides the voltage of 5V into 0.4V and 1.2V, and inputs the voltage to the 1IN + terminal and the 2IN + terminal of a two-IN-one comparator chip TLV3202, respectively. The I _ SENSOR signal from the main circuit part is simultaneously inputted to the 1 IN-terminal and the 2 IN-terminal of the comparator and compared with two voltage values. At this time, the value of the I _ SENSOR signal may have three sections: less than 0.4V, between 0.4V and 3V, greater than 3V. The result of the comparison is then input to a set of combinational logic circuits consisting of three nand gates sn74aup1g00 chip and one or gate sn74aup1g32 chip, generating two opposite PWM waves. And then passes through two AND gates sn74aup1g08 chips to generate AC _ CON signal and BD _ CON signal to control the peak current of the H bridge of the main circuit.
The external alternating current is full-wave rectified to output current I, and all the main switches S0、S1……SnIn the blocking state, the current can only flow from the energy-taking capacitor C0、C1……CnWhen the current flows through the energy-taking capacitor, the voltage of the energy-taking capacitor rises, each stage of discharge control circuit monitors the voltage of the energy-taking capacitor through the divider resistor, when the energy-taking capacitor reaches the discharge voltage, the control circuit outputs a turn-on signal, and the main switch S0、S1……SnCapacitor C for switching on and taking energy0、C1……CnThe energy is gradually transferred to the inductor or the transformer at the current stage, the voltage of the energy-taking capacitor is gradually reduced, and the control circuit controls the main switch to be switched off after the voltage reaches the switching-off voltage; the energy on the inductor or the transformer is slowly released in the follow current loop, and the energy is transferred to the electrolytic capacitor Cm-0、Cm-1……Cm-nC, removing; the DC-DC charging circuit monitors the voltage of the electrolytic capacitor and when the voltage reaches 600V, the DC-DC charging circuit is activated to transfer the energy in the electrolytic capacitor to the supercapacitor C in an H-cross current charging manner.
The energy in the invention is derived from the electric field induction of the high-voltage transmission line, and the high-voltage electric field induction can form the directional movement of charges under the voltage environment of 110KV and above of a power line, so that the voltage is induced on the parasitic capacitor, which is equivalent to the high-voltage electric field induction of a floor drain current, and the current is microampere level. Therefore, the technology has two difficulties: (1) how to effectively collect leakage current and possibly improve the power and efficiency of the circuit so as to enable the energy obtained by a power supply system to be as much as possible; (2) how to overcome the loss caused by large internal resistance of the super capacitor used for storing energy. The present invention therefore solves this problem with a three-point design: (1) an N +1 level cascade mode of capacitor series charging is adopted, and transformer discharging and inductor discharging are combined for use, so that the conversion efficiency is improved; (2) DC-DC low-current cross current charging is adopted, so that the loss caused by overlarge internal resistance of the super capacitor is reduced; (3) because active devices used by the control circuit of the invention, such as a linear voltage regulator, a comparator and a low-voltage MOS tube, and energy sources are also supplied by electric field induction, all the active devices select micro-power consumption devices to reduce energy loss.
In fig. 1, the inductive energy-taking circuit is composed of a rectifier bridge circuit and a discharge control circuit, wherein the rectifier bridge circuit is composed of four diodes DC1、DC2、DC3、DC4And N +1 energy-taking capacitors C connected in series0、C1、C2……CnThe energy-taking capacitors are all thin film capacitors with the withstand voltage of 1100V. The four diodes form a full-bridge rectifier circuit, the alternating current side of the rectifier bridge is respectively connected with a power line and a metal induction polar plate (namely a rectangular frame wrapping the whole circuit in figure 1), and the full-bridge rectifier circuit converts an AC displacement current into a DC current and charges an energy-taking capacitor connected in series. The displacement current formed by the metal induction polar plate in the high-voltage electric field can be regarded as a constant current source, and the constant displacement current is utilized to charge the N +1 energy-taking capacitors which are sequentially connected in series. In fig. 1, an inductor discharge circuit and a first stage transformer discharge circuit … …, an nth stage transformer circuit are arranged from bottom to top in sequence; the first stage at the bottom is an inductance discharge circuit, the energy-taking capacitor and the electrolytic capacitor are not isolated electromagnetically, the control circuit of the energy-taking capacitor is powered by a 47uF capacitor, the capacitor obtains energy from the total charging current through a voltage follower, and when the voltage reaches a set threshold value, the control circuit outputs a control signal ugLDriving a first stage semiconductor switch SLConducting the first stage energy-taking capacitor C LThe energy on the capacitor is released to the electrolytic capacitor through the multi-winding transformer. The upper N stages are completely identical transformer discharge circuits, each stage of discharge control circuit is independent, the control principle is identical to that of the first stage of inductance discharge circuit, and the comparator is used for monitoring the voltage of the energy-taking capacitor at the stage and controlling discharge. When the respective control circuit detects that the voltage of the energy-taking capacitor reaches the discharge voltage, the current-stage switch (namely the MOS tube) is controlled to be conducted and discharged, and because each stage uses the independent pulse transformer T1、T2……TNThe N-stage transformer discharging circuit realizes modular design, and the stages can be increased at will without considering the selection of front and rear devices to achieve different energy-taking powers.
After the energy-taking capacitor discharges, the energy is transferred to the transition-level electrolytic capacitor CL-m、C1-m、C2-m……CN-mAnd electrolytic capacitors of all stages are connected in parallel to the DC-DC charging circuit, are isolated by reverse blocking diodes, and charge the super capacitor with small current under the control of the H-bridge DC-DC charging circuit, wherein the current is not more than 3A. Since here a plurality of capacitors are connected in parallel to the DC-DC charging circuit and the desired function is to discharge the capacitors to the DC-DC charging circuit, without diodes, energy may be transferred from one capacitor to another in parallel, and the use of diodes may avoid this incorrect operating state.
Because the transformer isolation exists except for the first stage, the high-voltage part is isolated, and electrolytic capacitors at all stages can be connected to a DC-DC charging circuit in parallel to prevent short circuit through diodes; the control circuit of the DC-DC charging circuit obtains energy from an electrolytic capacitor connected in parallel with the control circuit, a voltage stabilizing block with the lowest working voltage of 5V is used as a power supply of the control circuit, when the electrolytic capacitor reaches 5V, the control circuit is automatically started, and the energy is monitored to flow through an inductor LDThe current value of (4) MOS transistors are controlled (i.e. switch S)D1And a switch SD2And a switch SD3And switch SD4) And working in turn to realize the control of the charging current of the super capacitor.
The effect of the invention is verified by combining the drawings:
in order to verify the principle, a 1+1 stage circuit design using a first stage inductor for discharging and a first stage transformer for discharging is adopted for carrying out a verification test.
Referring to fig. 2, a waveform diagram of a discharge test of the inductor discharge circuit is shown. Energy-taking capacitor C in inductance discharge circuit0Setting the energy-taking capacitance to C0＝2.9×10-6F, the generated voltage is U0(ii) a Electrolytic capacitor Cm-01000 muF, the voltage generated is Um. As can be seen from the waveform diagram, the energy-taking capacitor of the stage can be normally charged, when the voltage is about 800V, the circuit discharges, and the released electric energy is transferred to the electrolytic capacitor C under the follow current of the inductor and the diode m-0Electrolytic capacitor Cm-0Obtaining a voltage of about 33V; after discharging, energy taking capacitor C0And recharging, circulating the circuit, and operating the circuit normally.
Referring to fig. 3, a discharge test waveform diagram of the transformer discharge circuit is shown. The inductance is set to be C at one stagen＝2.9×10-6F, the generated voltage is U0Electrolytic capacitor Cm-n500 muF, the voltage generated is UmWherein the value range of n is as follows: n is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N. The waveform diagram shows that the energy-taking capacitor of the stage can be normally charged, when the voltage is about 600V, the circuit discharges, the released electric energy is transferred to the electrolytic capacitor under the follow current of the transformer and the diode, and the electrolytic capacitor obtains the voltage of about 37V; after discharging, the energy-taking capacitor is recharged, the circuit works circularly, and the stage circuit works normally.
Referring to fig. 4, which is a voltage waveform diagram of electric field induction power supply by a two-stage discharge method, CH1 is charging current of a super capacitor, CH2 is total voltage of an energy-taking capacitor string, and CH3 is voltage of a transformer-stage energy-taking capacitor; the diagram from t1 to t5 is a working cycle thereof, wherein, at the time t1 and t3, the CH3 waveform is suddenly changed from 600V to 0, the primary of the transformer discharges, and the total voltage waveform CH2 of the energy-taking capacitor string suddenly changes but is not reduced to 0; at the moment, the total voltage is the voltage of the inductance level, and the total voltage is not influenced by the discharge of the transformer; the transformer is recharged after discharging, at the time t2 and t4, the total voltage suddenly changes, the voltage drops to be close to 800V, the voltage of the transformer is normal, and the state of the transformer is not influenced by inductive discharging; discharging the two stages at the same time at the time t5, wherein the total voltage drop is 0 from 1400V; from the above discharge analysis, it can be seen that the two stages of discharge work independently, there is no coupling problem, and the circuit works normally.
Referring to fig. 5a and 5b, a DC-DC output waveform diagram for electric field induction power supply by a two-stage cascade discharge method is shown, where 5a is a DC-DC single-operation waveform, CH1 is an electrolytic capacitor voltage, CH2 is an energy-obtaining capacitor voltage, and CH3 is a super capacitor charging current, it can be seen that, at the moment when the energy-obtaining capacitor discharges, the electrolytic capacitor voltage starts to rise and reaches a starting threshold, the DC-DC charging circuit starts, and the charging current is controlled to be about 3A; fig. 5b is a detailed diagram of the waveforms, and it can be seen that under the control of closed-loop DC-DC, the charging current is not constant, but is controlled to vary from 0 to 3A, and the circuit works normally.
It should be noted that, since the equivalent capacitance between the sensing plate and the ground is much smaller than the energy-taking capacitance, the displacement current can be equivalent to an ac constant current source. The current of the actual ground constant current source is about 140uA, so that the actual high-voltage induced current is difficult to simulate in experiments, a 3000V current source can be obtained by using a 10-time voltage circuit, but the charging circuit is flushed to 1400V, the input current is reduced, and the voltage of the energy-taking capacitor rises to be a curve instead of a straight line.
In conclusion, the invention is mainly characterized in that energy is obtained by inducing an alternating high-voltage electric field, and the invention belongs to a self-powered system without an external power supply; the higher the voltage grade is, the larger the obtained energy is, and the method is suitable for a high-voltage and ultrahigh-voltage system; through the cascade connection of a plurality of independent charging modules, the intermittent power supply of the on-site monitoring equipment of the power system, such as an optical imaging system, a temperature measuring system and the like, and the signal transmission equipment is effectively realized. Compared with the scheme of the power supply mode of the mainstream online monitoring equipment in the current situation, the energy taking mode of the high-voltage electric field is not influenced by the environment and the fluctuation of load current, and has long service life and high reliability; on the basis of a single-stage original electric field induction energy taking device, the efficiency is greatly improved by utilizing the circuit design of two-stage charging, and the device has important significance for realizing the on-line monitoring of power line equipment.
The two-stage cascading electric field induction power supply circuit applies a two-stage discharge circuit to a single-stage electric field induction energy acquisition circuit, N +1 energy acquisition capacitors are used for being charged in series at the same time, after the energy acquisition capacitors reach threshold values respectively, energy is transferred to the secondary side energy storage capacitor of the transformer by using independent discharge loops, the effect of series charging and parallel discharging is achieved, a subsequent DC-DC charging circuit is used for generating small current to charge the super capacitor, the overall topology of the circuit is guaranteed, the series charging and parallel discharging circuits are improved, the DC-DC charging circuit is used for controlling the charging current, the charging loss of the super capacitor is reduced, and the power supply efficiency is improved. Through the optimized design of the existing electric field induction energy-taking power supply circuit, the electric field induction energy-taking obtained energy can be applied to high-power online monitoring equipment.
Claims (4)
1. A cascade high-voltage electric field induction power supply circuit with two-stage change is characterized by comprising a super capacitor C, DC-DC charging circuit and an N +1 stage induction energy-taking circuit which is cascaded in sequence, wherein the output end of the N +1 stage induction energy-taking circuit is connected with the input end of the DC-DC charging circuit, and the output end of the DC-DC charging circuit is connected with a super capacitor C;
The N + 1-level induction energy taking circuit charges the energy taking capacitor by utilizing displacement current generated by a high-voltage electric field between the induction plate and the ground, and transfers energy to the electrolytic capacitor through pulse discharge; the N + 1-level energy taking circuit comprises a rectifier bridge circuit, an N-level transformer discharging circuit and a 1-level inductor discharging circuit, wherein the direct current output side of the rectifier bridge circuit is connected with the N-level transformer discharging circuit and the input end of the inductor discharging circuit;
the inductor discharge circuit comprises an energy-taking capacitor C0An inductor L0Electrolytic capacitor Cm-0And a main switch S0A discharge circuit formed in series, a freewheeling diode DP0Is connected across the inductor L0And an electrolytic capacitor Cm-0Two ends form a follow current loop; the 1 st to Nth transformer discharge circuits are completely the same and comprise an energy-taking capacitor CnTransformer TnPrimary side and main switch SnDischarge circuit, transformer T, formed in seriesnPrimary side bridge connectionWith a freewheeling diode DPnTransformer TnThe secondary side is connected with an electrolytic capacitor Cm-nThe two ends of the secondary winding form a follow current loop, wherein N is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N;
the DC-DC charging circuit is used for converting energy obtained by the electrolytic capacitor into constant charging current to charge the super capacitor; the super capacitor is used for storing energy;
the discharge control circuit of the N-stage transformer is the same as that of the inductance discharge circuit, and is bridged with the energy-taking capacitor C nBoth ends, CnA series divider resistor R is connected between the two ends and the discharge control circuit in a bridging wayn-1And Rn-2The output end of the control circuit is connected with the main switch SnA gate of (2);
the DC-DC charging circuit is composed of a switch SD1And a switch SD2And a switch SD3And a switch SD4And an inductance LDThe formed H bridge realizes the switching between the Buck state and the Boost state under the control of a control circuit of the DC-DC charging circuit;
the control circuit of the DC-DC circuit monitors the current flowing through the inductor LDTo control the switch SD1Switch SD2Switch SD3And switch SD4And conducting in turn to realize the control of the charging current of the super capacitor.
2. The two-stage change cascade high-voltage electric field induction power supply circuit according to claim 1, wherein reverse blocking diodes are connected between electrolytic capacitors of each stage in the N + 1-stage induction energy-taking circuit and the DC-DC charging circuit.
3. The two-stage change cascade high-voltage electric field induction power supply circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the energy-taking capacitors are all film capacitors with withstand voltage of 1100V.
4. The two-stage change cascade high-voltage electric field induction power supply circuit as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that active devices used in the circuit are all selected from micro power consumption devices.
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| CN111510007B (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2021-06-01 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Hybrid isolation type single-phase power electronic transformer |
| CN111697824B (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2021-11-19 | 西安交通大学 | Electric field induction energy-taking power supply circuit with cascaded trapezoidal topological structure |
| CN113328532B (en) * | 2021-07-09 | 2022-11-25 | 华北电力大学 | Energy taking power supply and energy taking method based on electric field induction |
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