CN109412212A - A kind of tandem type high voltage electric field inductive power supply circuit of two-stage variation - Google Patents

A kind of tandem type high voltage electric field inductive power supply circuit of two-stage variation Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109412212A
CN109412212A CN201811151484.4A CN201811151484A CN109412212A CN 109412212 A CN109412212 A CN 109412212A CN 201811151484 A CN201811151484 A CN 201811151484A CN 109412212 A CN109412212 A CN 109412212A
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China
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circuit
energy
discharge
electric field
capacitor
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CN201811151484.4A
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CN109412212B (en
Inventor
刘正阳
张静
肖黎
曾翔君
何宁辉
程林
周盟
熊帆
张�杰
李梦齐
罗传仙
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Wuhan NARI Ltd
Xian Jiaotong University
Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Liaoning Electric Power Co Ltd
Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Ningxia Electric Power Co Ltd
Original Assignee
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Wuhan NARI Ltd
Xian Jiaotong University
Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Liaoning Electric Power Co Ltd
Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Ningxia Electric Power Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201811151484.4A priority Critical patent/CN109412212B/en
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    • H02J5/005
    • H02J7/0021
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0068Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
    • H02J7/025
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/20Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of tandem type high voltage electric field inductive power supply circuits of two-stage variation, belong to electric system on-line monitoring equipment technical field.The applying two-stage discharge circuit of the electric field induction power supply circuit innovation of two-stage cascade formula takes in energy circuit in single-stage electric field induction, energy capacitor serial connection charge simultaneously is taken with N+1, after respectively reaching threshold value, it is transferred energy on transformer secondary storage capacitor using discharge loop independent, realize the effect of a kind of " string is filled and put ", and low current is being generated using subsequent DC-DC charging circuit, it charges to supercapacitor, it not only ensure that the whole topology of circuit, string is filled and road of discharging improves, and charging current is controlled using DC-DC charging circuit, reduce supercapacitor charge loss, improve power-efficient.Through the invention to existing electric field induction take can power supply circuit optimization design so that electric field induction takes and can obtain energy and can be applied in powerful on-line monitoring equipment.

Description

A kind of tandem type high voltage electric field inductive power supply circuit of two-stage variation
Technical field
The invention belongs to electric system on-line monitoring equipment technical fields, and in particular to a kind of tandem type of two-stage variation is high Piezoelectric field inductive power supply circuit.
Background technique
The power supply mode of existing high-tension apparatus on-line monitoring equipment is divided into two kinds: independently taking and can and transmit power supply.Transmission Power supply mode mainly passes through the media such as optical fiber or microwave and gives the energy to on-line measurement device from ground, but this energy supply The major defect of mode is to involve great expense.Self-powered main technical schemes include: (1) battery power supply: this mode energy Supply is stablized, but a disadvantage is that stopping at fixed time charged renewal battery is needed, and electric system does not allow frequently to have a power failure;(2) electric current Coil power supply: the program takes energy by mutual inductance principle mainly using the current coil being mounted on power line from load current. But the load current in power line is continually changing, therefore the energy supply of this power supply mode is unstable;(3) solar energy and wind energy Power supply: the basic principle is that being energized by solar panel or small blower, which is generally mated battery and is used together, With cope with night or it is calm when the energy supply that occurs it is insufficient.But this power supply mode is big by such environmental effects, encounters extreme day Gas such as strong wind, wet weather, dust and dirt etc. will affect safety and electrical stability.In addition, the restricted lifetime of battery, and cannot bear Compared with low ambient temperature.
It does not need to continue progress due to carrying out on-line measurement to parameters such as temperature and stress, the work side of interval can be used Formula, therefore intermittent power supply mode can also be used.In view of the voltage of power line is very stable, therefore sense can be passed through High voltage electric field is answered to take energy.But be directly very low by the energy that electric field induction obtains, and the charging time is long, taking can efficiency It is low.Therefore voltage is quickly raised to high pressure first with small thin-film capacitor, but the supply voltage of in-situ measurement equipment is much smaller than small Voltage on thin-film capacitor, so being transferred energy on secondary side bulky capacitor after needing a pulse transformer to be depressured, finally Voltage on bulky capacitor realizes the use of online equipment by pressure stabilizing.But such mode sales volume that is averaged is not high, therefore is directed to patent Number for ZL201510012804.8 patent " a kind of tandem type electric field induction power supply circuit " in non-voltage transformation formula incude supply The deficiency for taking the average efficiency of energy not high in electricity, needs to propose a kind of new technology improved efficiency.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to improve the average efficiency for taking energy in electric field induction power supply, so that electric field induction draw-out power supply Can abundant unloading energy, can apply in the power equipment of relatively high power.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the tandem type high voltage electric field inductive power supply circuit of a kind of two-stage variation of the present invention, packet Include supercapacitor C, DC-DC charging circuit and successively cascade N+1 grades of induction energy fetching circuit, N+1 grades of induction energy fetching circuits Output end is connect with the input terminal of DC-DC charging circuit, and the output end of DC-DC charging circuit is connect with supercapacitor C;
Wherein, N+1 grades of induction energy fetching circuits are given using the displacement current that the high voltage electric field between tablet and the earth generates Energy capacitor charging is taken, and electrolytic capacitor is transferred the energy to by pulsed discharge;It includes rectifier circuit, N that N+1 grades, which take energy circuit, Grade transformer discharge circuit and 1 grade of inductive discharge circuit, the DC output side of rectifier circuit and N grades of transformer discharge circuits with And the input terminal connection of 1 grade of inductive discharge circuit;
Inductive discharge circuit includes taking energy capacitor C0, inductance L0, electrolytic capacitor Cm-0With main switch S0The discharge loop of formation, Sustained diodeP0It is connected across inductance L0With electrolytic capacitor Cm-0Both ends form continuous current circuit;1st grade to N grades of transformer discharges Circuit is identical;Including by taking energy capacitor Cn, transformer TnPrimary side and main switch SnThe discharge loop of formation, transformer TnIt is former End bay is connected to sustained diodeP0, transformer TnSecondary side is connected to electrolytic capacitor Cm-nBoth ends formed continuous current circuit, wherein 1≤n ≤N;
DC-DC charging circuit is used to the energy that electrolytic capacitor obtains being converted to constant charge current, gives supercapacitor Charging;Supercapacitor is for storing energy.
Further, DC-DC charging circuit is by switch SD1, switch SD2, switch SD3, switch SD4With inductance LDThe H of composition Bridge, in the switching of Buck state and Boost state under the control of the control circuit of DC-DC charging circuit.
Further, the control circuit of DC-DC circuit flows through inductance L by monitoringDCurrent value, carry out control switch SD1、 Switch SD2, switch SD3With switch SDIt takes turns to operate, realizes the control to supercapacitor charging current.
Further, it is connected between electrolytic capacitor and the DC-DC charging circuits at different levels in N+1 grades of induction energy fetching circuits anti- To blocking diode.
Further, the charge/discharge control circuit of N grades of transformer discharge circuits and 1 grade of inductive discharge circuit is identical, electric discharge control Circuit processed, which connects, is taking energy capacitor CnBoth ends, CnBoth ends are further connected with divider resistance Rn-1And Rn-2, control circuit output termination main switch Sn Grid.
Further, taking energy capacitor is the thin-film capacitor of pressure-resistant 1100V.
Further, the active device that circuit uses all selects micro-power device.
Compared with prior art, the present invention at least has technical effect beneficial below: two step method electric field induction power supply electricity Road is in such a way that two-stage is discharged, on the basis of realization " string is filled and is put ", by the optimization design to discharged in series grade circuit, Minimum level-one does not use transformer, inductance is used only, benefit is that transfer efficiency is higher;It is at different levels to use individual transformer, benefit It is that design of transformer simplifies, without considering coupled problem.The transfer efficiency for improving minimum level-one passes through induction energy fetching electricity at different levels Road individually controls, and solves the problems, such as that primary circuit coupling causes each circuit to take energy capacitance voltage uneven.Induction energy fetching device passes through One piece of metal induction plate obtains the displacement current generated under high pressure power station environment, which fills to N number of concatenated capacitor Electricity reaches and is first discharged after a certain setting voltage under the action of first order control circuit to respective electrolytic capacitor, on electrolytic capacitor Energy be transferred in supercapacitor by second level DC-DC charging circuit.Induction energy fetching circuit utilizes metal induction plate The constant displacement current that high voltage electric field between over the ground generates give simultaneously successively to N+1 it is concatenated take can capacitor charging, Middle N+1 grades of discharge circuit, minimum level-one are designed using pure inductance, and N grades at different levels using completely self-contained transformer, compared to using more The N grade of winding transformer cascades, and stage transformers are independent, is not present coupled problem, circuit design module, and when cascade does not need Consider the allowance of transformer;And since minimum level-one pure inductive circuit efficiency is higher, using N+1 grades of design, circuit is improved Entirety take can efficiency.
Advantage of the invention is embodied in:
1, the present invention takes in energy technical foundation in the high voltage electric field of existing electric discharge, takes energy circuit using completely isolated Cascaded design, device onrelevants at different levels, by multistage take can circuit modular, due to it is at different levels use independent transformer, addition string Connection series greatly simplifies circuit design without considering transformer allowance;Charging circuits at different levels are improved simultaneously, by minimum one Grade transformer cancel, be used only inductance, by N grade cascade become N+1 grades cascade, the transformer that remaining charging circuit at different levels uses by The multiwinding transformer of iron core altogether becomes transformer independent, proposes N+1 grades of circuit topologies, significantly improves circuit Energy efficiency is taken, it is interior at the same time to obtain more energy, it is able to satisfy in high-power applications, such as so that electric field induction takes Optical imaging system.
2, the design of second level DC-DC charging circuit is added, it is real by controlling 4 switch mutual conductions using H bridge principle Existing supercapacitor crossing current charge control, is isolated big current loop using electrolytic capacitor, reduces charging current, reduce pulse High current bring is lost in discharge process, so that electric field induction takes the efficiency of energy technology to have very big promotion, meets big function The power demands of rate on-line monitoring equipment.
3, it by using the biggish electrolytic capacitor of capacity, separates and takes energy capacitor and rear end supercapacitor, such two Grade method discharge circuit, front end take energy using pulse discharge method, and rear end uses DC-DC charging circuit control supercapacitor charging electricity Stream had both improved and has taken energy power, when the high current generated that in turn avoids discharging due to single pulse is to supercapacitor charging Compared with lossy, circuit efficiency is greatly improved.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the electric field induction power supply circuit schematic diagram of two step method tandem type electric discharge;
Fig. 2 is inductance level-one discharge waveform figure;
Fig. 3 is transformer level-one discharge waveform figure;
Fig. 4 is circuit overall work waveform diagram;
Fig. 5 a is circuit DC-DC single working waveform figure;
Fig. 5 b is the detail view of circuit DC-DC work wave;
Fig. 6 is the 0th grade to n-th grade charge/discharge control circuit figure;
Fig. 7 is the power management and observation circuit schematic diagram of DC-DC circuit control circuit;
Fig. 8 is the logic control electric power schematic diagram of DC-DC circuit control circuit.
In attached drawing: in Fig. 1, rectifier diode: Dc1、Dc2、Dc3、Dc4;Take energy capacitor: C0、C1……Cn;Partial pressure electricity at different levels Resistance: the 0th grade of divider resistance: R0-1And R0-2;1st grade of divider resistance: R1-1And R1-2;... n-th grade of divider resistance: Rn-1And Rn-2; Charge/discharge control circuits at different levels: the 0th grade of charge/discharge control circuit, the 1st grade of charge/discharge control circuit ..., n-th grade of charge/discharge control circuit; Freewheeling diode: Dp0、Dp1……Dpn;Discharge loop main switch: S0、S1……Sn;Electrolytic capacitor: Cm-0、Cm-1……Cm-n;Two Pole pipe: Ds0、Ds1……Dsn;DC-DC circuit switch: SD1、SD2、SD3And SD4
In Fig. 6: C0To take energy capacitor, i.e. taking in the main circuit diagram in Fig. 1 can capacitor C0, Uc0 is its both end voltage;R1, R2 and R3 constitutes the divider resistance of voltage follower;Dz is zener diode;Q1, Q2 and Q3 are N-channel MOS pipe;R4 is current limliting Resistance;Cp is 47 μ F electrolytic capacitors;LDO is linear voltage stabilization device;R5, R6 and R7 are divider resistance;V0+ has mark in main circuit Know, and is directly connected at mark;Q4 is P-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor;OUT0 has mark in main circuit, and is directly connected at mark.
Specific embodiment
The following describes the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Induction energy fetching device is made of metal induction plate and circuit of the present invention, and metal induction plate generates alternating current Road inputs this circuit.
The present invention is that the cascade high voltage induction field of the tandem type electric discharge principle of Two Stages takes energy technology, passes through setting Two-stage voltage conversion circuit, first order string, which fills and takes energy circuit, obtains energy, and second level DC-DC charging circuit is to super capacitor Device charging, the efficiency for making electric field induction take energy obviously increase, and enable meet the needs of high-power on-line monitoring equipment.Mainly Thinking includes following two points.
First is that first order transfer efficiency is improved by the optimization design first order " string is filled and put " pulse discharge circuit, existing Have in technology, energy is shifted using pulse transformer in every level-one serial connection charge circuit, and efficiency is lower.Because minimum level-one charges back Minimum level-one charge circuit altogether, it is not necessary that it is used transformer isolation, therefore is designed as inductive discharge, shape by road and follow-up system At N grades of transformer discharge circuits, the N+1 grade string of 1 grade of inductive discharge fills and takes energy circuit, and N+1 grades of abbreviation take energy circuit, improves Take energy level circuit conversion efficiency.
Second is that because super capacitor internal resistance is larger, the energy that when charging loses thereon is that charging current square times is closed thereon System, charging current greatly (600V discharges charging current up to 80A) influences to turn so producing significant losses when single-stage is discharged Change efficiency.Solution is to control supercapacitor charging current by DC-DC charging circuit, by the energy of electrolytic capacitor with perseverance The form of constant current charges to supercapacitor, reduces its charge loss, improves charge efficiency.
The present invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
Referring to Fig.1, the contents of the present invention are to provide energy by electric field induction mode for on-line measurement device.One kind two The tandem type high voltage electric field inductive power supply circuit of grade variation, including supercapacitor, DC-DC charging circuit and successively cascade sense Should take can circuit;In induction energy fetching circuit comprising N+1 it is concatenated take can capacitor and N+1 electrolytic capacitor, induction energy fetching circuit Can using metal induction plate over the ground between the displacement current that generates of high voltage electric field can capacitor C to concatenated take of N+10~ CnIt charges simultaneously;N number of pulse transformer T1~Tn and minimum level-one inductance L0N+1 can be taken can capacitor C0~CnUpper acquisition Energy be transferred to the electrolytic capacitor C of transition in parallelm-0、Cm-1……Cm-nOn, solving electric field induction in this way and taking can wish to mention Height take can capacitor charging voltage, however the problem that discharge circuit component pressure resistance is limited;And it is charged by the DC-DC based on H bridge Energy on the electrolytic capacitor of transition is flow over and is controlled by circuit, gives supercapacitor to charge, solves supercapacitor internal resistance Charge loss problem caused by big.
Wherein, N+1 grades of induction energy fetching circuit main functions are generated using the high voltage electric field between tablet and the earth Displacement current transfers the energy to electrolytic capacitor to capacitor charging, and by pulsed discharge;DC-DC charging circuit main function is The energy that electrolytic capacitor obtains is converted to constant charge current, is charged to supercapacitor;Supercapacitor is for storing energy Amount, application circuit use energy.
Physical circuit are as follows:
External AC current inputs full-wave rectification bridge, and rectifier bridge exports DC current I, and DC output side takes energy with N+1 grades The input terminal of circuit connects, the N+1 grades of inputs for taking the output end of energy circuit to pass through reverse blocking diode pipe and DC-DC charging circuit End connection, the output end of DC-DC charging circuit connect with supercapacitor C, application circuit (i.e. on-Line Monitor Device) with it is super Capacitor C is in parallel.
It includes N grades of transformer discharge circuits and 1 grade of inductive discharge circuit that N+1 grades, which take energy circuit, and taking can capacitor C0、C1…… CnIt is sequentially connected in series, each discharge loop for taking energy capacitor to have oneself;0th grade is inductive discharge circuit, without transformer, by taking energy Capacitor C0, inductance L0, electrolytic capacitor Cm-0With main switch S0Form discharge loop, sustained diodeP0It is connected across inductance L0And capacitor Cm-0Both ends form continuous current circuit;1st grade identical (being identified hereinafter with n) to N grades of transformer discharge circuits, and taking can capacitor Cn, transformer TnPrimary side and main switch SnDischarge loop is formed, freewheeling diode is connected across transformer TnPrimary side, electrolytic capacitor Cm-n It connects in transformer TnSecondary side forms continuous current circuit;0th grade to n-th grade charge/discharge control circuit is identical (being identified hereinafter with n), control Circuit processed, which directly connects, is taking energy capacitor CnBoth ends, from CnObtain energy work, divider resistance Rn-1And Rn-2It connects in capacitor CnBoth ends, It generates fixed intrinsic standoff ratio and accesses control circuit, control circuit output termination main switch SnGrid, main switch SnSource electrode connect electricity Feel Ln, drain electrode picks up can capacitor CnNegative terminal.Wherein 1≤n≤N.
Referring to Fig. 6, the 0th grade of charge/discharge control circuit is identical to n-th grade of charge/discharge control circuit, is carried out for the 0th grade here It introduces, resistance R1、R2And R3The resitstance voltage divider of composition, which is connected across, takes energy capacitor C0Both ends, resistance R1Lower end partial pressure access metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1Grid takes energy capacitance cathode to pass through current-limiting resistance R4It connects in metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1Source level, metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1An appearance is connected between drain electrode and ground Amount is the electrolytic capacitor C of 47 μ Fp, metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1Constitute a voltage follower, zener diode DzIt connects in metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1Grid is prevented Only electrolytic capacitor CpOvertension.Electrolytic capacitor CpAnode connects LDO input terminal, cathode ground connection, and LDO exports 3.3V voltage, this 3.3V Voltage passes through divider resistance R5, divider resistance R6With divider resistance R7Access comparator reverse phase after partial pressure and compare end, comparator by 3.3V power supply, compares output and meets metal-oxide-semiconductor Q2With metal-oxide-semiconductor Q3Grid, metal-oxide-semiconductor Q2Source level meets divider resistance R7Upper end, drain electrode connect Ground, metal-oxide-semiconductor Q3Source level meets metal-oxide-semiconductor Q4Grid, metal-oxide-semiconductor Q4Drain electrode meets electrolytic capacitor CpAnode, source level pass through resistance R9After be grounded.
Charge/discharge control circuit circuit operation principle are as follows:
Taking can capacitor C0In voltage elevation process, by metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1The voltage follower of composition is from take can capacitor C0Middle acquisition energy It measures and gives electrolytic capacitor CpCharging, because of zener diode DzLimitation, electrolytic capacitor CpVoltage will not too high (about 15V or so), Linear voltage regulator LDO is from electrolytic capacitor CpMiddle acquisition energy exports 3.3V voltage, this voltage is comparator power supply, and comparator is same Mutually input termination main circuit divides V0+, reverse phase compares obtained voltage reference after termination 3.3V partial pressure, when take can capacitance voltage compared with When low, comparator exports low level, and when energy capacitance voltage being taken to reach 600V, comparator exports high level, metal-oxide-semiconductor Q3It connects simultaneously It is logical, make metal-oxide-semiconductor Q4Grounded-grid, metal-oxide-semiconductor Q4Conducting, electrolytic capacitor CpVoltage is directly connected to OUT0End controls main switch S0It beats It opens, taking can capacitor C0Electric discharge;Metal-oxide-semiconductor Q2It connects, makes divider resistance R7It is short-circuited, comparator inverting input terminal voltage reduces, and is taking For energy capacitance voltage lower than before 20V, comparator output is height, thus constitutes stagnant ring and compares, and makes to take energy capacitor C0Energy release It finishes, rear comparator exports low level, circuit cycles work.
Electrolytic capacitor C at different levelsm-0、Cm-1……Cm-nPass through reverse blocking diode pipe D respectivelys0、Ds1……DsnParallel connection access DC-DC charging circuit, DC-DC charging circuit is by 4 switch SD1、SD2、SD3、SD4With inductance LDA typical H bridge is constituted, is controlled The size of electric current on circuit monitoring H bridge, when electric current is more than 3A, switching H bridge to Buck mode when electric current is lower than 0.4A, switches H bridge To Boost mode, DC-DC circuit output connects supercapacitor, and online energy taking device obtains energy work from supercapacitor both ends Make.
DC-DC circuit control circuit is divided into two parts, power management and observation circuit and logic control circuit, power supply pipe Reason and observation circuit schematic diagram are as shown in fig. 7, its circuit course of work is as follows:
In circuit, in electrolytic capacitor C in parallelm-xAccess a TPS7A1601DGNR low dropout voltage regulator core first afterwards Piece, it is 5 μ A which, which has ultralow quiescent current Iq, has very low loss.The chip has wide input voltage range simultaneously 3-60V, voltage on storage capacitor do not exceed 28V, meet and use need since periodic duty is the voltage changed in range It asks.Designing each component value makes the chip OUT terminal export 5V voltage.Using a voltage regulator chip TPS70933DBVR, output 3.3V voltage.In the power supply of the end VCC and resitstance voltage divider of 5V and 3.3V voltage for other chips.Meanwhile The end chip EN TPS7A1601DGNR can stop the work of chip by electric resistance partial pressure when input voltage is lower than setting value, Input terminal stops working when being lower than 5V in this circuit, is no longer the power supply of other chips, entire circuit stops working, can play The effect of under-voltage power-failure protecting prevents brownout from damaging circuit.
In this H bridge control circuit, two LTC4440-5 chips are that high side drives MOS chip, a TPS2812 chip For low side drive MOS chip.Switch SD1, switch SD2, switch SD3With switch SD4Four parts are received from logic control part Signal drives MOS chip controls switch S via downside and high sideD1, switch SD2, switch SD3With switch SD4The MOS of four parts Pipe controls electric current stabilization by H-bridge circuit and is input in super capacitor.
And realize to flow through that main circuit current is monitored function be the measurement of MAX4172 high side shunt monitoring meter chip with AD8602 amplifier chip.Wherein a differential input voltage can be converted to electric current output by MAX4172 chip, later this electric current Resistance is converted back into voltage using external loading.Gain is set as 10 by adjusting resistance, is 10 using a gain Overall gain is set as 100, and the I_SENSOR signal of output is input to logic control circuit part by AD8602 operational amplifier In.
Logic control electric power schematic diagram is as shown in Figure 8: logic control circuit part is a series of combinational logic circuit, Function be first reception the I_SENSOR signal from main circuit part, judge allow section in still it is higher or it is relatively low it Afterwards, regulating switch signal AC_CON and BD_CON are fed back to the H-bridge circuit of main circuit, realize the control to main circuit current is flowed through System.Resistance R1, R2, R3 composition resitstance voltage divider by 5V voltage be 0.4V and 1.2V, be separately input to one it is two-in-one The end 1IN+ and the end 2IN+ in comparator chip TLV3202.The I_SENSOR signal of autonomous circuit part is input to simultaneously in the future The end 1IN- of comparator is compared with the end 2IN- and with two voltage values.At this point, there are three kinds of areas for the value of I_SENSOR signal Between a possibility that: less than 0.4V, between 0.4V and 3V, be greater than 3V.Then by comparison result be input to it is a set of by three with The combinational logic circuit of NOT gate sn74aup1g00 chip and one or sn74aup1g32 chip composition, generate two it is opposite PWM wave.Using two and door sn74aup1g08 chip, AC_CON signal and BD_CON signal are generated to the H of main circuit Bridge carries out peak value comparison method.
External AC current exports electric current I after full-wave rectification, at this point, all main switch S0、S1……SnFor blocking State, electric current are only capable of from take can capacitor C0、C1……CnIt flows through, takes energy capacitor charging, take the voltage of energy capacitor to rise, Ge Jifang Electric control circuit monitors the same level by divider resistance and takes energy capacitance voltage, when taking energy capacitor to reach discharge voltage, control circuit Export open signal, main switch S0、S1……SnIt connects, taking can capacitor C0、C1……CnEnergy be gradually transferred to the same level inductance Or on transformer, takes energy capacitance voltage to gradually decrease, reach after closing voltage, control circuit controls main switch and closes;Inductance or Energy on transformer slow release, energy transfer to electrolytic capacitor C in continuous current circuitm-0、Cm-1……Cm-nOn;DC-DC fills The voltage of electric circuit monitoring electrolytic capacitor, when voltage reaches 600V, DC-DC charging circuit starting, by the energy in electrolytic capacitor Amount is transferred on supercapacitor C in a manner of H crossing current charging.
Energy in the present invention derives from the electric field induction of high voltage transmission line, in power line 110KV and the above voltage environment Under, the displacement that high voltage electric field induction can form charge is equivalent to high voltage electric field to generate voltage in parasitic capacitance A Ground leakage current is induced, which is microampere order.Therefore there are two difficult points for this technology: (1) how effectively to collect Leakage current, and the power and efficiency of circuit are most probably improved, so that the energy that power-supply system obtains is more as far as possible;(2) it stores Energy uses supercapacitor, loss caused by how overcoming its internal resistance larger.Therefore the present invention solves to be somebody's turn to do using three point designs Problem: (1) using the N+1 grade cascade mode of capacitor serial connection charge, and transformer discharge is used in combination with inductive discharge, improves conversion Efficiency;(2) using the crossing current charging of DC-DC low current, reduce the loss of the excessive generation of internal resistance of supercapacitor;(3) due to this Such as linear voltage regulator of active device used in control circuit in invention, comparator and low pressure metal-oxide-semiconductor, energy source or electric field Induction energizes itself, so all active devices all select micro-power device, to reduce the loss of energy.
In Fig. 1, induction energy fetching circuit is made of rectifier circuit and charge/discharge control circuit, and rectifier circuit is by four two poles Pipe DC1、DC2、DC3、DC4And a take of concatenated N+1 can capacitor C0、C1、C2……CnIt constitutes, taking energy capacitor is pressure-resistant 1100V Thin-film capacitor.Four diodes constitute a full bridge rectifier, and the exchange side of rectifier bridge is separately connected power line and metal Induction plate (i.e. wraps up the rectangle frame of entire circuit) in Fig. 1, AC displacement current is switched to DC electric current by full-wave rectifying circuit, and is given Concatenated take can capacitor charging.The displacement current that metal induction plate is formed in high voltage electric field is regarded as constant-current source, utilizes Constant displacement current gives the N+1 being sequentially connected in series to take energy capacitor charging.It is bottom-up to be followed successively by inductive discharge circuit in Fig. 1, First order transformer discharge N grades of transformer circuits of circuit ...;The bottom first order be inductive discharge circuit, take can capacitor and Electromagnetic isolation is not present in electrolytic capacitor, and control circuit passes through the capacitances to supply power of a 47uF, which passes through a voltage follow Device obtains energy from total charging current, when voltage reaches given threshold, control circuit output control signal ugLDriving first Level semiconductor switch SLConducting, the first order is taken can capacitor CLOn energy by multiwinding transformer to electrolytic capacitor discharge.On Face N grades is identical transformer discharge circuit, and charge/discharge control circuits at different levels are independent, control principle and first order inductive discharge Circuit is identical, monitors the same level using comparator and takes energy capacitance voltage, control electric discharge.Energy electricity is taken when respective control circuit detects When appearance voltage reaches discharge voltage, control the same level switch (i.e. metal-oxide-semiconductor) conducting electric discharge uses individual pulse transforming due at different levels Device T1、T2……TN, any coupled relation is not present, remaining grade works normally when electric discharge, and N+1 grades of circuits are completely independent, each Grade discharge voltage can be individually designed, and wherein N grades of transformer discharge circuits realize modularized design, does not consider the choosing of front and back device It selects, can arbitrarily increase series, reaching different take can power.
After taking energy capacitor electric discharge, energy transfer to transstage electrolytic capacitor CL-m、C1-m、C2-m……CN-m, electrolysis at different levels Capacitor is connected in parallel to DC-DC charging circuit, and is isolated by reverse blocking diode pipe, under the control of H bridge DC-DC charging circuit, with Lesser electric current charges to supercapacitor, and electric current is no more than 3A.Because accessing DC-DC charging electricity herein for multiple capacitor parallel connections Road, and ideal function is that each capacitor discharges to DC-DC charging circuit, if energy may turn from a capacitor without diode Another capacitor in parallel is moved on to, it can be to avoid this incorrect working condition using diode.
Due in addition to the first order, there is transformer isolation, high-pressure section is spaced, and electrolytic capacitors at different levels can be connected in parallel to DC-DC charging circuit prevents short circuit by diode;The control circuit of DC-DC charging circuit is from electrolytic capacitor connected in parallel In take can, control circuit power supply is opened using the regulator block that minimum operating voltage is 5V when electrolytic capacitor reaches 5V automatically It is dynamic, inductance L is flowed through by monitoringDCurrent value, control 4 metal-oxide-semiconductor (i.e. switch SD1, switch SD2, switch SD3With switch SD4) wheel Work is flowed, realizes the control to supercapacitor charging current.
Effect of the invention is verified in conjunction with attached drawing:
To verify principle, using level-one inductive discharge is used, the 1+1 grade circuit design of stage transformer electric discharge is tested Confirmatory test.
It referring to fig. 2, is inductive discharge circuit discharging test waveform figure.Taking in inductive discharge circuit can capacitor C0Setting takes Energy capacitor is C0=2.9 × 10-6F, the voltage of generation are U0;Electrolytic capacitor Cm-0=1000 μ F, the voltage of generation are Um.By waveform Figure is as can be seen that the same level takes energy capacitor that can charge normal, and in 800V or so, circuit discharging, the electric energy of release is in inductance and two Electrolytic capacitor C is transferred under the afterflow of pole pipem-0, electrolytic capacitor Cm-0The upper voltage for obtaining 33V or so;After electric discharge, taking can capacitor C0It recharges, circuit cycles work, this grade of circuit is working properly.
It is transformer discharge circuit discharging test waveform figure referring to Fig. 3.Inductance level-one, which is set, takes energy capacitor as Cn=2.9 ×10-6F, the voltage of generation are U0, electrolytic capacitor Cm-n=500 μ F, the voltage of generation are Um, the wherein value range of n are as follows: 1≤ n≤N.The same level takes energy capacitor that can charge normal it can be seen from waveform diagram, in 600V or so, circuit discharging, and the electric energy of release It is transferred to electrolytic capacitor under the afterflow of transformer and diode, the voltage of 37V or so is obtained on electrolytic capacitor;After electric discharge, take Energy capacitor recharges, circuit cycles work, this grade of circuit is working properly.
It referring to fig. 4, is the electric field induction supply voltage waveform diagram of two-stage electric discharge, CH1 is supercapacitor charging current, CH2 is to take energy capacitor string total voltage, and CH3 is that transformer stage takes energy capacitance voltage;Diagram t1 to t5 is one duty cycle, In, in t1, t3 moment, CH3 waveform sports 0 from 600V, and the electric discharge of transformer level-one takes energy capacitor string total voltage waveform CH2 prominent Become, but is not reduced to 0;Total voltage is inductance step voltage at this time, and is not affected by the influence of transformer discharge;After transformer discharge It recharges, t2 the and t4 moment, total voltage mutation declines close to 800V, transformer voltage is normal, and inductive discharge does not have an impact Transformer state;T5 moment two-stage is discharged simultaneously, and total voltage drop is 0 by 1400V;From above-mentioned Discharge analysis, it can be seen that two-stage Electric discharge works independently from each other, and coupled problem is not present, and circuit is working properly.
It is the electric field induction power supply DC-DC output waveform figure of two-stage cascade formula electric discharge referring to Fig. 5 a and Fig. 5 b, 5a is DC-DC single work wave, CH1 are electrolytic capacitor voltage, and CH2 is to take energy capacitance voltage, and CH3 is supercapacitor charging electricity Stream, it can be seen that take the moment of energy capacitor electric discharge, electrolytic capacitor voltage is begun to ramp up, and reaches starting threshold value, DC-DC charging electricity Road starting, charging current are controlled in 3A or so;Fig. 5 b is the detail view of waveform, it can be seen that in the control of closed loop DC-DC Under, charging current is simultaneously non-constant, but controls 0-3A variation, and circuit is working properly.
It should be noted that since tablet takes energy capacitor to be much smaller compared with the equivalent capacity between the earth, Displacement current can be equivalent to an AC constant-current source.Since the electric current of practical constant-current source over the ground is about 140uA, experiment is difficult to simulate 3000V current source can be obtained using 10 voltage-multiplying circuits in actual high-voltage induced current, but charging circuit is rushed to 1400V, input electricity Rheology is small, thus take can capacitance voltage rise to curve and non-rectilinear.
In conclusion of the invention is mainly characterized by the high voltage electric field by incuding alternation to take energy, belong to self-powered system System is not necessarily to additional power source;Voltage class is higher, and the energy of acquirement is bigger, is suitable for high-voltage and ultra-high system;Pass through multiple independences The cascade of charging module is effectively realized to electric system field monitoring equipment such as optical imaging system, temp measuring system etc. and letter The intermittent power supply of number transmission device.This technology compared with the scheme of the power supply mode of the on-line monitoring equipment of status mainstream, High voltage electric field takes the mode of energy not influenced by environment and load current fluctuations, service life length and high reliablity;It is original in single-stage On the basis of electric field induction energy taking device, the circuit design to be charged using two-stage is greatly improved the efficiency, for realizing that power line is set Standby on-line monitoring is of great significance.
The applying two-stage discharge circuit of electric field induction power supply circuit innovation of two-stage cascade formula takes in single-stage electric field induction In energy circuit, energy capacitor serial connection charge simultaneously is taken with N+1, after respectively reaching threshold value, utilizes discharge loop independent It transfers energy on transformer secondary storage capacitor, realizes the effect of a kind of " string is filled and put ", and utilizing subsequent DC- DC charging circuit generates low current, gives supercapacitor charging, not only ensure that the whole topology of circuit, string is filled and road of discharging Improved, and control charging current using DC-DC charging circuit, reduced supercapacitor charge loss, improve electricity Source efficiency.By taking the optimization design of energy power supply circuit to existing electric field induction, so that electric field induction, which takes, can obtain energy energy Enough it is applied in powerful on-line monitoring equipment.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of tandem type high voltage electric field inductive power supply circuit of two-stage variation, which is characterized in that including supercapacitor C, DC- DC charging circuit and successively cascade N+1 grades of induction energy fetching circuit, the output end and DC-DC of N+1 grades of induction energy fetching circuits charge The input terminal of circuit connects, and the output end of DC-DC charging circuit is connect with supercapacitor C;
Wherein, the displacement current that N+1 grades of induction energy fetching circuits are generated using the high voltage electric field between tablet and the earth is taken energy Capacitor charging, and electrolytic capacitor is transferred the energy to by pulsed discharge;It includes rectifier circuit, N grades of changes that N+1 grades, which take energy circuit, Depressor discharge circuit and 1 grade of inductive discharge circuit, the DC output side of rectifier circuit and N grades of transformer discharge circuits and 1 The input terminal connection of grade inductive discharge circuit;
Inductive discharge circuit includes taking energy capacitor C0, inductance L0, electrolytic capacitor Cm-0With main switch S0The discharge loop of formation, afterflow Diode DP0It is connected across inductance L0With electrolytic capacitor Cm-0Both ends form continuous current circuit;1st grade to N grades of transformer discharge circuits It is identical;Including by taking energy capacitor Cn, transformer TnPrimary side and main switch SnThe discharge loop of formation, transformer TnPrimary side across It is connected to sustained diodeP0, transformer TnSecondary side is connected to electrolytic capacitor Cm-nBoth ends formed continuous current circuit, wherein 1≤n≤N;
DC-DC charging circuit is used to the energy that electrolytic capacitor obtains being converted to constant charge current, charges to supercapacitor;
Supercapacitor is for storing energy.
2. a kind of tandem type high voltage electric field inductive power supply circuit of two-stage variation according to claim 1, which is characterized in that DC-DC charging circuit is by switch SD1, switch SD2, switch SD3, switch SD4With inductance LDThe H bridge of composition charges electric in DC-DC In the switching of Buck state and Boost state under the control of the control circuit on road.
3. a kind of tandem type high voltage electric field inductive power supply circuit of two-stage variation according to claim 2, which is characterized in that The control circuit of DC-DC circuit flows through inductance L by monitoringDCurrent value, carry out control switch SD1, switch SD2, switch SD3With open Close SDIt takes turns to operate, realizes the control to supercapacitor charging current.
4. a kind of tandem type high voltage electric field inductive power supply circuit of two-stage variation according to claim 1, which is characterized in that Reverse blocking diode pipe is connected between electrolytic capacitor and DC-DC charging circuits at different levels in N+1 grades of induction energy fetching circuits.
5. a kind of tandem type high voltage electric field inductive power supply circuit of two-stage variation according to claim 1, which is characterized in that The charge/discharge control circuit of N grades of transformer discharge circuits and 1 grade of inductive discharge circuit is identical, and charge/discharge control circuit, which connects, is taking energy capacitor CnBoth ends, CnBoth ends are further connected with divider resistance Rn-1And Rn-2, control circuit output termination main switch SnGrid.
6. a kind of tandem type high voltage electric field inductive power supply circuit of two-stage variation according to claim 1, which is characterized in that Taking energy capacitor is the thin-film capacitor of pressure-resistant 1100V.
7. a kind of tandem type high voltage electric field inductive power supply circuit of two-stage variation according to claim 1, which is characterized in that The active device that circuit uses all selects micro-power device.
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